Pathophysiology:

Reference: Atlas of Pathophysiology 2nd Edition: pp.178-179; Medical-Surgical Nursing by Black 7th Edition

Salmonella typhi 1. ingestion of contaminated foods, water or milk (most common)

transmitted by: 2. fecal contamination of food stuff
3. human carriers (infected individuals)

Risk factor: age – 2 years old Ingestion of spring water which is

Bacterial invasion possibly contaminated with salmonella
Susceptible host because of
typhi from feces etc.
immature body defenses to
Direct invasion of microvilli
protect one’s self from foreign
invaders Invasion of interstitial epithelium
Invasion of ilial brush borders through Peyer’s patches

Organism travel to mesenteric lymph nodes

Infectious process

Risk for constipation anorexia Multiplication of microorganisms

TYPHOID FEVER
Enter blood stream via thoracic duct
Risk for imbalanced Bacteria grow and multiply
nutrition: less than body
requirements Invasion of reticulo endothelial organs

Body’s immune system is activated Local multiplication in the walls of the gallbladder

Elevated WBC Release of IgE Infected bile causes positive stool culture

Inflammation process Maculopapular rashes (“rose Infiltration of Peyer’s patches

spots”)
Mucosal ulceration
Risk for pruritus Vomiting
Hyperthermia episodes Severe diarrhea Abdominal pain Acute Pain
Discomfort, inability to sleep
Causes weakness and electrolyte loss Fatigue
Disturbed sleep pattern
Risk for fluid volume deficit