www.datanghosiery.
com
A weight nylon or cotton. Eliminates "panty lines" that can
Abrasion Resistance -The degree to which a fabric is able
to withstand rubbing and chafing within the shoe. Many
so cks and sheer hosiery products are reinforced, usually
with nylon to lengthen durability.
Absorbency -The ability of a substance to take in and
incorporate another material; in the case of hosiery,
moisture.
Acrylic Fiber -A man-made fiber that is generally warm
and lightweight and is used in casual, dress and athletic
so cks. Acrylic keeps its shape and properties including
resilience, softness, easy care, low-shrinkage, rich
colorations and wisking.
Active Sport Sock - Styles specifically designed for active
sports participation. These socks differ from ordinary
"athletic socks" in that they offer high performance
features like special fibers, triple layer construction or pads
to provide protection against abrasion and blisters.
Aeration- A kn itting operation that allows fabrics to
breathe, often utilized in pantyhose for cotton crotch
panels or cotton soles. (See ventilation )
Afterwelt- The area of knitted fabric just below the
double turned fabric in stockings. It is usually made of the
same yarn as the welt and is only one layer in thickness.
Air-Covered/Mactex (Yarn) - The process of air
entangling a false twist textured yarn around the ex tended
core. This is accomplished by forcing compressed air into
a jet device through which both the core an d cover yarns
travel, entangling or tacing the cover yarn around the core.
Air Jet Textured with Lycra - Th e spandex and
(Yarn)yarn are run through the air texturing jet with no heat
cover
applied.
All-In-One - A pantyhose garment which
includes
Pantyhosea true knitted-in panty, constru cted of heavier
Glossary of
HosieryTerms
show through clingy knits or tight pants. (See
Panty/Pantyhose)
Alpaca- Extremely fine, soft, and costly yarn derived
from the hair of a domesticated Peruvian llama.
Ample- A term used to indicate pantyhose for the queen-
size or outsize wearer.
Angora- A yarn made from the hair of the angora rabbit.
It is prized for its soft feel and fluffy look, is often used in
blends, and adds great warmth to socks. Angora is now
often simulated by the use of specialty acrylic fibers.
Anklets- Hosiery with a top designed to cover the ankle
bone and extending less than one-third of the way up the
largest part of the calf.
Anti - A therapeutically designed hosiery
product
Embolismthat has graduated compression to aid blood flow
and prevent clotting in the lower torso.
Antron - A registered trademark of the DuPont
Nylon
Co mpany for trilobal nylon. Antron combines lustre,
strength, and coloration properties and is most common ly
used in the panty of some pantyhose styles to give sheen.
Appliqu - Any pre-prepared fabric decoration which is
e
sewn or ironed onto a hosiery product.
Argyle - Geometrically knit pattern that produces a
balan ced design of multi-colored diamond figures against a
solid color background.
Athletic Socks - Hosiery designed for active sports, often
having a ribbed striped top and plain foot construction.
Usually knit of acrylic cotton, wool, or combinations
thereof.
Autoclaving - This process involves placing bagged greige
blanks in a large cylindrical steam chamber that can be
hermetically sealed. Once sealed, a vacuum system is
utilized to evacuate the air in the chamber. Th is in turn
allows subsequent attainment of steam pressure much
higher than possible at atmo spheric conditions. The net
 www.datanghosiery.com
result is that the undeveloped yarn in the greige leg blanks
permanently shrinks and that the knitted stitches are "set".
The fabric is thus much less likely to snag in succeeding
operations. The shorter, tighter fabric can be handled and
sewn with less labor and off-quality costs.
B Semi-Boarded , and the Intech Process .)
Ban - A paper construction used to package half-hose;
d
usually coated with special pressure-sensitive textile
adhesive.
Bare - Spandex that has not been wrapped with
another
Spandexfiber.
Basics- Traditional or classic styles which vary seasonally
only in color. Basics form the bulk of the sock and sheer
hosiery business. For men, the basics are crew-length
casual and both crew-length and over-the-calf dress styles.
For women, the basics are knee-highs, anklets and
pantyhose in neu tral colors. Children's basics are flat knit
anklets, crews, and bobbies.
Bed- Lightweight, loose fitting sock designed to be worn
overnight in bed to keep the feet warm.
Bird's-eye- A small, evenly spaced pattern in a diamond
design.
Bikini - A style of pantyhose with a sheer leg
Pantyhose
that extends to the hip for wear with shorter hem-lines,
sh ort pants and deep side-slit fashions.
Blanks- Unfinished socks as they come off the knitting
machine or individual legs of pantyhose before they are
sewn together.
Bleaching- An oxidizing process that removes color from
a fabric or sock, leaving it white.
Blende - Textile materials made of a combination of two
d more fibers, yarns or filaments.
or
Blends- The combination of two or more types of fiber in
one yarn to achieve improved performance or styling
effects.
Boarding- Socks: In this operation the sock is stretched
either dry or moist over flat metal or wooden fo rms
conforming to the desired sock shape and size. It is then
pressed between two heated surfaces. This gives the sock
form a smooth appearance. It is a process similar to
ironing. Sheers: A full-shaped heat setting operation in
which stockings and pantyhose are put on metal leg forms
for a specific size and shape and then dried in a steam
cabinet. The process is done after dyeing. The term
"boarding" stems from the olden days when wooden
boards were used to dry stockings. (See Pre-Boarding ,
Bobby - A heavy cuffed anklet that was
predominantly
Sox a girl's fashion of the '40's and which enjoys
period revival.
Body - Term used to describe sheer hosiery
Shapers more support and control in the panty and thigh
providing
portion of the garment.
Body - A body stocking, leotard or jumpsuit is a
garment
Stockingthat covers the torso and may extend to the toe.
Initially designed as cosmetic covering in flesh tones and
sheer texture, the garment is now widely interpreted in
design but still retains its body clinging quality.
Body - A one-piece leotard, usually knit of nylon or
Suit
nylon/spandex, that covers the body from the shoulder area
to and including the crotch.
Boot- The portion of the pantyhose leg running from the
thigh area to the toe, or below stocking welt or panty.
Bo ot Fabric- The leg portion of fabric in hosiery or
pantyhose.
Boot Liner- A thin gauge jersey or flat knit men's or
women's sock designed to provide a comfort layer between
the leg and the sock.
Boot Topper - Knee-length men's or women's socks
designed to be worn folded over the boot top.
Bo oties- Soft, fluffy knitted foot cov erings for infants.
Designed for children of pre-walking age.
Brand- The name used to identify a product, such as
hosiery or fiber, which comes from a particular
manufacturer.
a) Branded hosiery is that which is marketed and usually
advertised nationally, under one name which guarantees
the same quality regardless of where it is purchased . (See
unbranded.)
b) Name used to identify fiber from which stockings or
pantyhose are knit. For example, Glospan/Cleerspan.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Bruised Fabric - Sheer nylons cannot stand coming in
contract with any hard surface and contacted by another
hard object. This action will bruise the fabric sufficiently
to cause a rupture when placed under strain.
Brushe - Brushes used to produce a napped surface in
d
socks.
Bul - This term is usually used when referring to textured
k
multifilament yarn. Multifilament twisted yarn with low
turns produ ces lo w bulk or lean yarn. High twist
multifilament yarn produces high bulk yarn. The degree of
bulk can be built into the yarn by the throwster as desired.
Bulk - Yarns which have been treated physically or
chemically
Yarn so as to have a notably greater "apparent
volume". Bulk is usually obtained when using textured
multifilament yarn.
Bundle - Work socks, skating and ski socks, and
other
Goodsheavy socks weighing not less than one pound per
dozen pairs and packed and sold in bundles.
Business - Moderately sheer pantyhose designed for
Sheer
durability.
C
Cable - A knitted pattern usually made up of two
vertically intertwined bands.
Calf-High- The name used for short-length stockings that
come up to the calf of the wearer.
Cashmere- Luxuriously soft, expensive yarn made from
the undercoat of the Kashmir goat.
Casuals- A broad hosiery term used to describe all
women's sock and any men's socks with the ex ception of
dress, athletic, and work styles.
Circular Knit- The major knitting method in hosiery
construction. Yarn is knitted into hose using a cylindrical
tube. Toes are later sewn and a waistband added.
Cleerspan- A registered trademark for spandex by Globe
Manufacturing Company. Used in hosiery for its better fit
and shape retention, comfort, and/or support.
Clock- A knitted or embroidered ornament on a sock,
stocking or pantyhose, usually running up the side.
Colorfast- Fabric with dye retention such that no
significant change in shade takes place during the normal
life of the sock.
Combed - Cotton which has been processed
through
Cotton a "comber" which removes short fibers and trash
components to achieve higher uniformity and tenacity.
Comfort Top- A wide ribbed nylon band that holds sheer
knee highs up without cramping the calf.
Continuous - A fiber produced in a single,
Filament
uncut strand rather than cut into short fibers such as cotton
or wool. Also used to describe yarns which are not spun.
Control Top - Pantyhose with spandex in the top for soft
girdle or "control" effect.
Core-Spun - A yarn made by spinning fibers around
aYarn
filament of a previously spun yarn, thus concealing the
core. Core yarns are used in sewing thread, blankets, and
socks and to obtain novelty effects in fabrics.
Cotton - An indirect yarn numbering system
generally
Count u sed for yarns spun on the cotton system; the
number of 840 yd. lengths of yarn per round.
Cotton Crotch - A cotton panel sewn into the crotch area
of pantyhose.
Cotton Fiber - A soft and heat-resistant vegetable fiber
used in garments since 3,000 B.C. It absorbs and retains
mo isture, is readily washable, and is available in a wide
variety of types and qu alities. Long staple combed cotton
is generally considered to provide the finest quality cotton
yarn for socks.
Cotton Sole - A cotton insert sewn or knit into the sole of
the stocking or pantyhose.
Course- A series of adjacent loops forming a horizontal
line across the k nitted fabric. Small horizontal stitches
mean more yarn has been used, resulting in finer fabric,
greater elasticity, and longer wear.
Covered Yarn - A core usually composed of one spandex
or rubber fiber, wrapped with a filament or spun yarn.
Creslan- An American Cyanamid registered trademark
for an acrylic fiber. Used in manufacturing of sport and
casual socks. Noted for fast dye absorption due to round
cross section.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Crew Socks- A designator of length, synonymo us with
"mid-calf" in men's socks. One of the most popular men's
styles, available in wide ranges of colors and patterns.
Crochet- A knitting process that creates a fabric by a
series of interlocking loops rather than rows of stitches.
Needlework that is used to form an ornamented design on
the hose whether it is sheer or "wool-like" in texture.
Cuffed- Socks folded over at the top, usually just above
the ankle.
Cushione - Any construction with a terry pile surface on
one
d side and a ribbed or plain knit surface on the other. In
most cushioned athletic socks, the terry forms the inside of
the foot portion of the sock. Some of more complex
constructions feature added layers of cushioning under
certain areas of the foot, depending upon the sports activity
for which the socks are intended. Cushion constructions
are used in men's and women's athletic and casual socks of
all types. While terry cushionin g normally fulfills a
functional purpose of reducing shock of running or
jumping, the same terry-knitting procedure is followed in
producing novelty socks with a terry or velour outer
surface.
Cushionin - The padding ability of a terry-surfaced sock,
g
paired against a ribbed or plain surface.
Cut and - Bodywear items that are not knitted in
Sewn
one piece are usually cut from knitted fabric that is
purchased by the hosiery manufacturer and sewn together.
Cycling- Sport or athletic sock designed specifically for
cycling enthusiasts. Generally has a heavy kn itted pad in
the arch of the foot where the pedal makes contact with the
foot.
D
Daytime or Dress Sheers - Pantyhose of 15 or 20 denier
yarn for a dressy daytime look.
Decals- Designs printed on paper and transferred to the
sock by means of heat and pressure. A term used
interchangeably with "heat transfer".
Decitex- The metric measuring system used to indicate
weight per unit length of yarns in Europe. (It is
numerically equal to the weight, in grams, of 10,000
meters of yarn.)
Demi-Toe- Stocking or pantyhose with a nude, sheer heel
and reinforced toe. A popular fashion with sling back
shoes.
Denier- Denier is the weight-per-unit-length of the yarn.
(It is numerically equal to the weight, in grams, of 9,000
meters of yarn.) The lower the denier, the lighter and finer
the yarn, and the sheerer the garment. Hose knit of higher
denier yarns tend to be more durable.
Deodorant- A chemical additive introduced to hosiery
during the finishing process to control sock odor.
Originally used in athletic hosiery. Deodorants control
odor by inhibiting the growth of odor causing organisms.
Detailing - Any material applied to the sock body after
manufacture, such as lace, stitched monograms or insignia,
fringes, sewn-on cuffs, etc.
Diabetic/Arthritic So ck- Heavy elastic used to help make
a support sock.
Double Covered - Spandex that had been
wrapped
Spandexin both directions with nylon or polyester
continuous filament yarn or other textile fibers.
Double Covered - The process of wrapping two
(Yarn)
non-elastic filament or spun yarn around the extended
core, the bottom cover yarn controls the stretch, while the
top cover serves to balance and provide a smooth
appearance.
Double-Reinforcement - Two thread lines, usually nylon
or polyester, knitted into portions of the sock foot to
achieve added abrasion resistance,most commonly at the
heel and/or toe.
Dress Socks - Light to medium weight men's and boy's
styles. Lengths may vary from mid- to over-the-calf.
Drop Stitch - When a needle on a knitting mach ine does
not form a knitted loop.
Dyeing- The permanent application of color to a yarn or
fabric.
E
Elastic- A term which designates th e ability of a yarn to
return to its original size or shape after being stretched.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Elasticity - The ab ility of a strained material to recover its
original size and shape immediately after removal of the
stress that caused deformation.
Elasticized - Fabrics which have elastic threads running
through them, or which hav e been treated to give them
elastic qualities.
Elastomer - Elastic fibers such as rubber or spandex that
have physical stretch properties.
Electronic Patterning - Use of an electronic device to
control certain needles in knitting to create a pattern.
Embroidery - The application of designs of decorative
trim by machine or hand sewing.
Ethnic- Usually sheer hosiery (knee-high, stockings or
pantyhose) dyed in colors designed to compliment the
natural skin tones of various ethnic population groups.
Extra Long - Pantyhose knitted with a slightly
extra
Lengthlong length and or slash panty to accommodate taller
consumers.
Evening Sheers- Pantyhose made of 10 to 15 denier yarn.
Worn for special occasions, they often have a satin finish.
Executive Length - Men's over-the-calf dress styles.
F
Fabric- Specifically in hosiery, the word is used to refer
to that which is knitted on hosiery machines from fiber.
Fabric Stretch - The amount of stretch in fabric from the
relaxed state to the fully extended stretch.
Fabric Recovery- The ability of fabric to recover from
the fully extended state to the original flat state before
extending.
Fair Isle- Any no rdic or snowflake patterning.
False Twist Covering (Yarn) - The spandex and cover
yarn are run through the texturing spindle with heat
applied.
Fancies- Men's socks of any length bearing multicolor
designs such as stripes, herringbones, argyles and other
fashion styles.
Feeds- This term is normally u sed in conjunction with
circular knitting machines and literally means how many
yarns are fed into a machine at each revolution to knit
continuous rows of stitches.
Fiber- Natural or man-made units of matter which can be
spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods
including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting and twisting.
The essential properties for fibers to be spun into yarn
include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility,
cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important
properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity,
durability, and lu ster.
Fila ment- The finished fiber used in sheer hosiery is
called filament yarn. It is characterized by continuous
length and is extruded either as monofilament yarns, which
is composed of one single strand, or multifilament yarn
which is made up of several filaments bundled together.
Filament - The number of individual filaments that
make
Countup a thread or yarn.
Filament Socks - Sheer, dark-toned men's dress or formal
hosiery made usually of filament yarns.
Filament - A yarn compo sed of long strands of
synth
Yarn etic fibers which continue the entire length of the
yarn. The basic yarns used in ladies hosiery are all filament
yarns. To describe the size of filament yarns, the term
denier (weight-per-unit-length) is used.
Finger - A reinforcement just under the waistband
Band
of all nude pantyhose to give protection against fingernail
punctures when pulling up the pantyhose.
Finishin - Includes all sock and sheer hosiery
manufacturing
g steps ex cluding knitting and sewing. For
socks, it includes bleaching, scouring and dyeing,
boarding, pairing, ornamentation, folding and packaging.
For sheers, it includes dyeing, boarding, pairing, and
packaging.
Firm - Support pantyhose that give more support
because
Supportheavier weights (usually 70) of spandex are used.
Fishmouth - A method for closing a non-reciprocated
toe
Toein which the seam runs parallel to the bottom o f the
foot rather than across the top of the toe.
Fishnet- Knitted knee-highs, stockings or pantyh ose with
a very wide open knit resembling a fish net. Very stylish
and fashionable, but very porous providing little warmth or
protection or cosmetic covering.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Fit- It is the combination of yarn and construction that
determines the adaptability of hosiery and bodywear to the
human form. Stretch and recovery of yarns and knit
construction contribute to a garment's fit.
Five-Eighths Hose - Hosiery which reach five-eighths of
the way from the ankle to the knee. (Also called golf
socks).
Fla mmability- The test to determine if fabric will ignite
under controlled conditions.
Flat Knit- The second most widely used construction.
Sock fabric knitted on a single cylinder machine and
producing a fine, smooth surface with a jersey-like
appearance. Used for casual socks of all types, some
varieties of work socks, for children's hosiery, and in socks
where the distinction is achieved by the yarn or by
treatments such as embroidery, appliqués, or small neat
patterns.
Flat Yarn - This term is often used by knitters an d
coverers to indicate raw yarn they use. Flat yarns have no
stretch unless they are textured. They are also used as the
alternate course in many sheer spandex styles. (See Raw
Yarn)
Float Loop - The needle is not raised and the yarn which
should have been associated with the needle goes behind
the needle and appears as a float. The spandex elastic in
the waistband is floated into the garment.
Flocking- Design applied to a boot, usually soft and fuzzy
in appearance.
Footsocks- Hosiery with a top which does not extend
above the ankle bone. Also known as "footies".
Footed Sock- A sock knitted to conform to foot shape - as
contrasted with a tube sock.
Footies- Short, below the ankle bone hosiery of varying
weight and fiber content. Often called slipper socks and
have varying uses such as athletic wear, casual wear, and
come in different sizes for all age groups.
Full-Fashio - Full-fashioned stockings are knitted flat,
ned
and the two sides are united afterwards by a seam up the
back. As a result of decreasing stitches over the calf to
make the hose narrower in the ankle, small "fashion
markings" or loops are visible running parallel to either
side of the seam. The popularity of the full fashioned
stockings, at a peak immediately after World War II, has
declined since the introduction of seamless hosiery.
G
Gauge- The measurement of the distance between needles
in a knitting machine. Two- thirds of the gauge equals the
number of needles per inch. For example, on a 60 gauge
machine there are 60 needles to 1-1/2 inches.
General Athletic - Many sport athletic socks today are
designed for specific uses. A general or basic athletic sock
is multi-purposed without a specific athletic sport in mind.
Girdle - Pantyhose with a sewn-on girdle, for the
Top possible tummy control.
firmest
Glimmer - This term refers to a light reflection from the
yarn, mainly fro m a trilobal yarn which gives the glimmer
effect by reflecting the light.
Glospan- A registered trademark for spandex by Globe
Manufacturing Company. Used in hosiery for its better fit
and shape retention, comfort, and/or support.
Golf- A sock designed specifically for u se by golfers,
particularly during hot weather. Generally has cushioning
and is generally short and below the ankle bone.
Gondola - Display module with shelves or slots to hold
hosiery or other merchandise.
Gore- The center of the heel or toe pocket, created in the
knitting process, sometimes giving the appearance of a
seam.
Graduated - Th is type of support hosiery is mo re
Support
comfortable because there are no sudden changes in the
tightness of th e spandex going up and down the leg.
Graduation - The tapering of the leg from the top to the
bottom by tightening the stitches to give a proper fit at the
ankle, kn ee, thigh, and the top of the p anty.
Greige- (pronounced "gray") Greige goods are any fabric
as it comes off the knitting machine before bleaching,
scouring, or dyeing.
Gussett- A term that means crotch panel in pantyhose.
The "gussett" can be all nylon, or can be cotton/nylon. It
can be any shape from diamond to full back panel, but
always means there is an extra piece sewn in at the crotch
area.
 www.datanghosiery.com

H Many mass-merchants now use an in-line system, as

opposed to free-standing "boutique" displays.

Ingrain Yarn - Yarn that has been dyed before knitting,

requiring no further dyeing.
Half-Hose- Short hosiery of a length to cover from the
ankle halfway between the ankle and the knee, with rib
Intarsia- A geometric pattern knitted-in either with a
cuff and plain leg and foot; standard for men.
different stitch or a different color from the backgro und. In
intarsia knitting, both sides of the fabric look alike.
Han - The tactile qualities of a fabric such as softness,
d
elasticity, fineness and resilience.
Intech Process - This semi-boarded process is not
subjected to a full heat setting operation. ( See Semi-
Handle - The reaction to the sense of touch when
Boarded)
(Hand)
fabrics are grasped in hand. Many factors which give
"character" combine in the judgment as to handle.
Irregulars - Hosiery that contains minor imp erfections in
dimensions, size, color or knit but without obvious mends,
Heat Transfers - The application of a design or logo to a runs, breaks or substantial damage to yarn or fabric.
sock by transferring a design from specially printed paper
to the fabric by means of heat and pressure. A term used
interchangeably with "decals".
J
High-Bulk - Qualitative term to describe a highly-
twisted
Yarn textured yarn. A bulked yarn develops more bulk
than stretch in th e fin ished fabric. Jacquard- An intricate process fo r knittin g patterns,
designs, or textures into the sock fabric, and the method by
High - A yarn spinning process in which more twist which is produced the decorative patterns. Jacquard
Twist
is used than is needed for no rmal processing to provide equipment is necessarily slower than conventional knitting
desired aesthetic properties such as harshness, brightness, machines and the lower productivity is of course reflected
or to redu ce hairiness on the yarn surface. in the cost.

Hiking- Sock designed specifically for hiking enthusiasts.

Generally h eavy weight, with cushion or padding in the
foot or heel. Designed with wicking action to carry
K
moisture away from the foot to allow perspiration to
evaporate. Usually of longer length to be used with hiking
boots. Knee-Highs- Short hosiery that comes up to just below
the knee. They are styled with elastic tops and stay up
without the help of garters. They became very popular
Hole- Hosiery that has been ruptured by bruised, cut,
with the advent of women's slacks.
burned, or abraded fabric to cause a hole to appear that
will develop into a run.
Knee Warmers - Thigh high knitted garment generally of
heavier fabric that usually h as no knitted fo ot and extends
Huntin - Sock designed specifically for hunting.
from above the ankle or calf over the knee to
Designed
g to provide both warmth to the foot during the
approximately mid thigh.
cold weather, and wicking action to carry perspiration or
water away from the foot. Generally heav ier weight and
longer length to wear with boots. Knit-In - This type waistband is made of
Waistband
spandex and nylon and is inserted into the top of the

I garment while on the knitting machine. It is not attached

later. It is non-binding and does no t get tighter, and thus
uncomfortable, during wear.

Knit - This is the normal basic loop in knitting.

In-Line- Method of hosiery display used in mass- Loop
merchandising outlets where national brands and private
label merchandise are displayed along the same wall.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Knitting- The art of con stru cting fabric on needles, by the
interlooping of one or more yarns in several series of
connected loops hanging o n and supporting one another.
L
Lace- Ladies sheer hosiery knitted with a pattern
resembling lace and/or hosiery with lace seamed to the top
of the leg or waistband.
Laid-In- The interlacing of a spandex or rubber yarn into
a sock or pantyhose.
Lambswool- The first clip taken from a sheep up to seven
months old, which explains its soft hand.
Latch Needles - One type of needle used in hosiery
machines. The needle performs the basic act o f knitting ,
pulling o ne loop of yarn through another.
Latitude of Fit - Textured yarns and spandex yarns have
more fit latitude than monofilament ultra sheer yarns. Fit
latitude means the lower end of the size matrix and the
upper end of the size matrix can be better fit when a style
employs a yarn said to have "fit latitude".
Layered- Wearing more than one pair of socks at a time
for fashion effect or comfort.
Leg Form- Form for displaying socks or sheer hosiery.
Leg forms are weighted so that they are free standing and
can be designed to present one or a pair of socks,
stockings, pantyhose or leotards. The term, "leg form",
may also describe the form used to pull a sock or sheer
hosiery on for testing, and may designate the boarding
forms used for shaping unboarded hosiery. May also be
flat forms (e.g., NAHM forms for sizing).
Leg Warmer - Originally popular with dancers, leg
warmers have become a fashion item. Knitted from wool
or acrylics, leg warmers are long socks, often without feet,
that can reach above the knee or higher up the thigh. Bold
geometric patterns and colorful stripes are often used.
Leotard- A one-piece garment, originally worn by
dancers, that covers the torso. Today's leotards often
double as swimsuits or fashion accessories, and are
available in a variety of styles and designs.
Light - Pantyhose made with a low denier
Support in the leg, usually 40 denier or lower spandex, to
spandex
give light compression on the wearer.
Link - Type of stitch used in a patterned sock.
Jacquard
Lisle- Hosiery made of lisle yarn, which is a fine, hard-
twisted, long -staple cotton yarn with two or more ply.
Loft- A bulky, fluffy quality in yarns usually produced by
Turbo processing.
Longfold- Step in hosiery production where merchandise
is stored and prepared for final packaging.
Lycra 3D- DuPont brand for hosiery garments that
contain lycra in every course. This yields exceptional fit
and a smooth appearance.
Lycra Spandex - A registered trademark of the DuPont
Company for their spandex fiber, which is commonly used
in sheer hosiery, socks and half-hose for its stretch and
recovery properties, providing better fit and shape
retention, comfort, and/or support.
M
Mactex- A registered trademark of Unifi, Inc. for the
process of covering an elastic or non elastic core yarn with
a non elastic cover yarn by means of air pressure. This
process, also known as air covering, is an alternative to the
more costly conventional method of wrapping a yarn
around the core. In air covering the core is trapped
between the nodes of the cover yarn tac points rather than
being trapped between the wraps of a conventional
covering process.
Man-Made - A class name for various genera of
fibers
Fiber (including continuous filaments) produced from
fiber-forming substances which may be:
1)polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g.
acrylics, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polyurethane, and
polyvinyl fibers; 2)modified or transformed natural
polymers, e.g., alginic and cellulose-based fibers such as
acetates and rayons; 3)mineral, e.g., glass.
Marls- Multicolored yarns in which each component
strand is different color.
Maternity- Pantyhose constructed specifically for
expectant mothers that provides an expanded panty and
higher waistband for comfortable wear during pregnancy.
Matte- Hosiery with a dull finish; minus a shine or lustre.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Mercerized- A cotto n yarn wh ich has been treated with a
solution of caustic under conditions of caustic
concentration and temperature which effect a permanent or
irrev ersible swelling of the cellulose.
Merino- A fine grade of wool from sheep originating in
Spain.
Mesh- An open knit used primarily to achieve a hand-
knit, textured look.
Mesh - A hosiery fabric produced in a variety of tiny
Knit
patterns. Upon close inspection it loo ks like lots of fine
zig-zag lines. Actually, the knit is a variety of tiny patterns
with loops interlocked. This kind of construction helps
prevent runs, but a sn ag in a mesh stocking will generally
leave a hole. There are variations of mesh stitches, but for
the most part, because the mesh stitch isn't as sheer, it is
seldom used in the leg portion of the pantyhose. The
runguard, however, does use the mesh stitch.
Metallic Yarn- A manufactured yarn usually made of
metallic coated polyester plastic and used as an accent in
novelty socks.
Microfiber- Microfiber is a generic term used to indicate
yarns made of filament weighing less than one denier per
filament (DPF), most commonly used in creation of nylon
and polyester products.
Micro-Mesh- A seamless mesh stocking where the loops
are knotted in one direction only. Because of this the
stocking can run in one direction - from the foot up
towards the welt.
Mid-Calf/Crew - Hosiery with a top extending beyond
ankle length but not beyond the largest part of the calf.
Mock - A surface texture variation used in flat knit
Rib
so cks to simulate the look of a rib.
Mock Seams - A false seam sewn into the back of a
seamless stocking of circular knit hosiery.
Modulus of Elasticity - The determined ratio of stress
versus strain that expresses the measure of elasticity in the
hosiery fabric.
Monofilament Yarn - Yarn made of one single filament
of fiber. (See Filament)
Multi-Feed Hosiery Machinery - A machine that is
usually fed by two or more spools to knit pantyhose and
stockings.
Multifilament Yarn - Yarn made of several filaments
twisted or bundled together. (See Filamen t)
N
Natural Fibers - Cotton, wool, or silk hosiery fibers.
Neats- Solid color socks with tiny evenly-spaced patterns
such as dots or fleur-de-lis.
Needle - The total number of needles used in
Count a sock or sheer hosiery product. The higher the
knitting
needle count the closer the stitches and the finer the fabric.
Non-Reciprocated - So cks or sheer hosiery knitted with
no heel or toe pocket, e.g. tube socks.
Non- - Stockings or pantyhose with a special
interlocking
Run stitch th at prevents runs (but not holes). Also
called ru n-proof an d run-less. Special processes under
which the hosiery are manufactured are all designed to
give the stocking or pantyhose extra life.
Non-Stretch- Garment manufactured without stretch
yarns. Usually made of natural, ridged non-stretch fibers.
Product has no compression or stretch ability which
generally makes for a less satisfactory fit but is desirable
for varying reasons such as fashion or medical conditions.
Novelties - Women's non-basic styles characterized by
unusual patterning and/or coloration.
Novelty Yarns - Yarns showing unusual and fancy effects.
Nude - Pantyhose or stocking without reinforcement
Heel
in the heel area. The exact same knitting is used as in the
boot or leg of the stocking or pantyhose. Enjoys a popular
appeal thanks to the open-heeled or sling-back shoe.
Nylon- Man-made fiber introduced in 1938. It is the first
and the oldest of the true synthetics. Chemically, nylon is a
man-made polyamide fiber derived from coal, air, and
water. This fiber is famous for its strength, abrasion
resistance, dimensional stability, soft hand, elasticity, and
easy-washing and quick-drying characteristics. There are
two basic types of nylon used in hosiery. They are Type 6
and Type 6,6. Type 6 nylon is softer and has less memory
when textured than Type 6,6. Most of the yarns used in
ladies hosiery are made of Type 6,6 nylon to impart the
maximum memory to the fabric. In socks, it is used
primarily in men's dress socks, novelties, and as a
reinforcement with other fibers. Another use for nylon in
 www.datanghosiery.com
socks is the stretch filament nylon plaited with other fibers
to obtain multi-sizes.
O P
Olefin- Man-made fibers derived from polypropylene or
polyethylene.
Odor Preventive- Hosiery treated to kill bacteria which
grow under warm, moist conditions such as in shoes,
socks, or on the feet. This bacteria generally is odorless,
and the comp ounds the hosiery is treated with inh ibits
bacteria growth.
One Piece Pantyhose - Pantyhose that is knit in a
continuous operation beginning at one toe and ending at
the other, elimin atin g the seams of a conventional style.
One Size- The term applied to pantyhose or stockings that
fit most sizes from very small to large.
Opacity- Degree to which light passes through, not
transparent. When used to describe the panty of pantyhose-
in-one garments, it creates an important part of the
wearer's feeling of security when she opts to wear hosiery
without undergarments.
Opaqu - Stockings or pantyhose made of yarn which give
e
them heavier appearance, usually 40 denier or greater in
weight.
Open-End Spun - Yarn-making process in which
fibers
Yarn are twisted and wrapped around each other by the
use of a rapidly rotating rotor. The process is much faster
than ring-spinning.
Orlon Acrylic - A registered trademark of the DuPont
Company for their acrylic fiber. Used in socks for its
combination of softness, durability, rich color clarity,
comfort and easy care. Currently no longer available.
Outpost- Generic term denoting placement of a portion of
hosiery merchandise at a location removed from the
hosiery department itself. Outposts are often utilized for
specific categories of merchandise - dancewear or casual
knee-highs. When an outpost is placed in the hosiery
department, or in close proximity, it is termed an "inpo st".
Outsize- Stockings or pantyhose proportioned to
accommodate the heavier woman or the taller than average
figure. (See Queen Size )
Over-The-Calf - Men's and boy's socks that extend above
the fattest part o f the calf.
Pairing- The finishing operation in which individual
socks are inspected and made into pairs prior to folding
and packaging.
Panty/Pantyhose - A pantyhose garment that includes a
true knitted-in panty, constructed of heavier weight nylon
or cotton. Eliminates "panty lines" that can show through
clingy knits or tight pants. (See All-In-One Pantyhose )
Pantyhose - A garment that combines both panty and
stockings into a one piece waist-high garment that extends
above the crotch, but not above the waist, to the toes.
Patterned- Socks or sheers having a design knitted into
the garment or impressed on the side, front or over-all
surface. (See Textures)
Peds- A registered trademark of Americal Corporation for
a broad range of hosiery products including socks,
pantyhose, tights, knee-highs, slippers, foot covers and
shoe liners of varying weight and with multiple uses.
Pilling- When a fiber exceeds its abrasion level and the
fibers begin to break and form a small ball of fiber on the
fabric surface.
Plain - The most common knit in hosiery, similar to
aKnit
jersey or hand-knit stitch. Plain kn it gives a smooth,
sheer surface. (See Mesh)
Plaiting- A sock knitting method in which two differen t
yarns are combined by a process similar to braiding. In
plaiting, one yarn b ecomes the outside of the so ck and the
other one the inside. Nylon or polyester reinforcement is
often incorpo rated into socks by this process. Also spelled
"plating".
Plied - When strands of single yarns are combined,
Yarn
twisted together, or air entangled, resultant yarn is referred
to as "plied".
Pointelle- An open, lacy-look knit similar to crochet.
Polyester- Polyester is a man-made fiber which has
abrasion-resistance, excellent wash ability, and is fast-
drying. It is readily heat-settable and dyeable. Polyester is
used in men's and boy's dress socks, in decorative
 www.datanghosiery.com
applications such as cross-dyeing and jacquards, and as a
reinforcement.
Polypropylene- A petrochemical-based man-made fiber
usually used in socks in combination with other fibers.
Pom- A women's or girl's footsock, or footie, with a pom-
pom sewn on at the back.
Popcorn - A pattern composed of a series of
Stitch
geometrically arranged round or lozenge-sh aped raised
areas; so-named because of their resemblance to popcorn.
Pouch Heel- A simulated or "false heel" in what is
fundamentally a shaped tube sock. The heel effect is
created in boarding. Unlike the tube, a pouch heel sock
usually has a fishmouth toe.
PO (partially oriented yarns) - Nylon or polyester
texturing
Y feed yarns supplied by fiber producers to
texturers for processing (texturing). Yarn is then sold to
sh eer hosiery, so ck and h alf-hose knitters.
Pre-Boarding - After a stocking or pantyhose is knit, each
stitch and loop is permanently set in place by an operation
called "pre-boarding" or heat setting in a steam chamber.
The stocking is placed on a metal leg form called a "board"
and then given the steam treatment. Pre-boarding takes
place prior to dyeing. (See Boarding)
Press-Off- Condition arising when hosiery presses off the
machine an d fails to knit, caused by slubs or knots in yarn,
poorly wound cones, improper tension, machine in bad
mechanical condition, etc.
Printing- Method of producing patterns or designs on
hosiery by depositing colo r or other treating material and
fixing with steam, heat, or chemicals. There are many
different methods for printing.
Private Label - Merchandising hosiery products under the
name of a retail operation, as opposed to manufacturer's
brand names. Private label programs, sometimes called
private brands, can include all varieties of men's or
women's pantyhose, stockings, or socks.
Proportioned Fit - Stockings or pantyhose specially
designed to have different circumferences (foot, ankle,
calf, and thigh) and lengths for each size wearer.
Prosthetic - Hosiery designed specifically to be worn or
used with a prosthesis or artificial limb.
Pull - A thread is snagged and pulled from the
Threads
fabric causing tight stitches that rupture under strain to
make holes and runs. The greatest hazard to sheer hosiery
is a pulled thread. This accounts for approximately 80
percent of all ruined sheer hosiery products.
Q
Queen - Stockings, pantyhose, or knee-highs sized to
Size
fit the heavier woman. Queen size is usually considered an
exten sion of standard garments into a larger size. Outsize,
on the other hand, is considered a separate category of
merchandise altogether (see Outsize).
R
Rag Sock- Recycled fiber spun into useable yarn count to
create a casual look.
Raw - Filament yarn which has no stretch and is
untextured.
Yarn
Rayon- A generic term for filaments made from various
solutions of modified cellulose by pressing or drawing the
cellulose solution through an orifice and so lidifying it in
the form of a filament. Rayon has a soft hand, high
mo isture absorbency and retention, and good dyeability
and washability.
Reciprocated - In the usual knitting process, the sock is
begun at the top and knitted toward the toe. Upon reaching
the heel, the machine begins to move more slowly in a
semi-circular ("reciprocated") fashion to produce th e heel
pocket. It may be adjusted to reciprocate again at the toe to
form a toe pocket. All socks do not have reciprocated toes
and heels. For example, the basic tube styles have neither.
The "fishmouth" toe closure is non-reciprocated but may
be used on a sock with a reciprocated heel.
Reinforced- The stress areas such as the toe or panty
portion have been strengthened with yarns of heavier
denier.
Replaceable Legs - Two legged, waist high garment
designed to where the legs can be replaced. Legs are either
attached to the panty portion at the top of the stocking
below the crotch , or a single leg is kn itted with a half panty
and full waistband so that when two are put together a full
panty is created but there are two waistbands to be worn.
 www.datanghosiery.com

Ribbe - Vertical pattern of alternating ridges in socks and Scouring- A process (soap bath) that removes chemicals,
d eer hosiery. Design may be formed through differences
sh tints, impurities and foreign matter from socks during
in weight, in knit stitch or opacity. finishing.

Ring - A system of spinning using a ring and
traveler
Spinning take-up wherein the drafting of the roving and the
twisting and winding of the yarn on to the bobbin proceed
simultaneously and continuously.
Ring-Spun - Yarn prepared by drafting and twisting
together
Yarn individual fibers with the use of rings to achieve a
desired yarn size.
Seamed- Hosiery manufactured in the old full-fashioned
manner with a seam running up the back of the leg. In the
past, these garments were manufactured by cutting fabric
and sewing it together. Today these products are generally
made on a full circular knitted two bases and a fake seam
is added up the back for a particular fashion look. Some
tights are seamed on the inside of the leg but these are
generally not produced by hosiery manufacturers.

Rolldown, Rolled Cuff, Rolled - A top wh ich is
Top
turned over on itself and sewn down, often during the
knitting operation. Traditionally a women's style, but
recently emerging in men's athletic socks.
Rubbe - An extruded, natural latex thread incorporated in
r
some sock tops as an elastic.
Rubber - A filament extruded from n atural or
Filament
synthetic rubber and used at the core of some elastic
threads.
Seamless- Stockings knit in one operatio n on circular
machines (one continuous operation) so that no seaming is
required up the back. (See Full Fashioned )
Seconds- Socks with major imperfections which make
them unsuitable for sale even as irregulars. The Federal
Trade Commission defines seconds as all hosiery which is
not of first quality, does not qualify as "irregulars" and
which contains runs, obvious mends, irregularities,
substantial imperfections, or defects in material,
construction or finish.

Semi-Boarded - These garments are not subjected to a full

Run-Resistant - Stockings or pantyhose knit with micro
heat setting operation. In appearance they are slightly
mesh or tuck stitch patterns that resist runs in an upward
wrinkled and shapeless until stretched over the leg and
direction.
body. This operation is sometimes called the Intech
Process.
Runblock - Mesh stitches that act as a deterrent to runs
saround the crotch seams. These stitch es are usually used in
Service Weight - Generally considered to be a heavier
all-nude constructions.
weight garment for professional use such as nurses. Could
be interchanged with opaques and are designed to provide
Runguar - Acts as a deterrent to runs from the foot into longer wear life as compared to sheers.
the
d leg, or from the panty into the leg. It can be made of
heavier yarn, or can be a change of stitch from plain to
Seven-Eighths Hose - Socks which reach seven-eighths of
mesh.
the way from the ankle to the knee. (Also called golf hose).
Runnin - Socks designed specifically for running or
Sheer - A term often used when describing
jogging
g enthusiasts. Generally has heavier padding or
Support
support pantyhose, which are considerably more sheer than
cushioning in the heel to absorb vibrations or pounding the
the original support garments, due to improvements in
foot takes while jogging. Comes in varying heights from
yarns and manufacturing techniques.
below the ankle bone to mid-calf. Also usually provides
some wicking action to carry perspiration away from the
foot. Sheer-To-The-Waist - Pantyhose without visible panty
line or reinforcement in the panty portion. It is an all-sheer
garment from waist to toe.
Run - Stitch es that have unchained due to broken stitches.
s

S Sheers- Dress sheers are hosiery fashioned generally of

15 or 20 denier yarn - to be worn for daytime glamour.
Evening sheers are hosiery fashioned of wisp-weight
10,12, or 15 denier yarn - to be worn for special occasions.

Sandalfoot Hosiery - This is a nude toe, meaning no

heav ier yarn in the toe than is in the leg.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Shetlan - Originally a soft, warm shaggy yarn made only
d
from wool of Shetland sheep. Now often used to describe
yarns that offer Shetland characteristics.
Shrinkage - A reduction in size that takes place when a
fabric is washed and dried, or when hosiery is finished.
Silk- The filaments obtained from the cocoons of various
types of silkworms.
Silken - Category of soft, silky well-fitting
pantyhose
Sheers made from Du Pont nylon and fine denier Lycra
spandex.
Single Covered - Spandex that has been
Spandexin one direction with nylon or other yarn.
wrapped
Single Covered (Yarn) - The process of wrapping one
non-elastic filament or spun yarn around the extended
core. Single cover yarn has torque.
Sinker- The sinkers are steel elements that are located
between the needles. The sinker holds the previously
knitted fabric and prev ents the loop from rising up the
needle and interfering with the knitting action. It also helps
su pport the old loop for the needle to pull the new loop
through.
Size- Foot size; length from back of heel to tip of toe.
Skein-Relaxed- A method of applying bulk to a yarn by
the controlled application of heat. This soften s yarn texture
and hand.
Ski - Sock designed specifically to wear in a ski
boot.
Sock Has extra padding or cushioning to the front portion
of the foot or anklet where binding can rub blisters on the
foot. This extra cushioning or padding helps prevent
blisters and protects the foot. Also designed to provide
warmth in cold weather conditions.
Slipper - Casual in the house or bedtime sock that
usually
Sock has a bonded sole of rubber, leather or extra
cushioning or padding on the bottom. This sole can be
bonded, sewn or heat transferred to the knitted sock.
Sliver- A loose, soft, untwisted strand or rope of fibers
used in making yarn. In diameter about the size of a man's
thumb.
Slouch - Fashion sock with an elongated top
Sock
designed to be pushed down and worn gathered around the
ankle.
Slub - Any yarn made in an irregular diameter to
Yarns a nubby or knotted effect.
achieve
Snag- Same as pulled thread. (See Pull Threads.)
Soccer Sock- Sock designed for specific use among
soccer enthusiasts. Has a pocket or pouch knitted into the
front where shin guards can be placed for personal
protection. May also have extra cushioning or padding in
the foot portion.
Spande - A generic term denoting a man-made
x
elastomeric fiber used in place of rubber. Spandex was
develo ped by DuPont in 1959, offering the uniq ue capacity
for stretch and recovery. It can stretch to over five times its
relaxed strength and fully recover. Spandex is used in
support and light support products to provide the energy to
shape and compress the leg. Spandex yarns are often
covered with nylon yarns to protect the spandex. Spandex
is widely used in sock tops and pantyhose waistbands for
its stretch/recovery properties and "stay up" holding
power. It is increasingly used in corespun yarn and as
plaiting yarn to replace textured nylon for better size
range, improved fit, and comfort.
Spandex - A category of sheer hosiery styles. The
leg yarn
Sheers is composed of sheer nylon and single covered
light-weight spandex (20 denier or finer) to give this
hosiery good fit, sheerness, and softness. Spandex sheers
do not give a support leg, but the spandex does enhance fit
and comfort.
Spectator Socks - A casual men's or women's sports sock
designed to coordinate with ready-to-wear but not
engineered to provide optimum performance when used in
active sports. Varies in length from footsocks to over-the-
calf.
Splice- Knit-in reinforcement for areas of stress.
Particularly effective in the p anty of all nude garments.
Split Sole- The foot of a sock made from two different
materials.
Sports Specific Socks - Contain extra padding and differ
according to where the protective padding is placed - ball,
toes, instep, heel, arch, shin - how thick the padding is and
what materials they are made of.
Spun - Short lengths of fiber, of various lengths,
Yarns
are twisted together to form spun yarns. These yarns are
more bulky than continuous filaments yarns, and are thus
used in hosiery manufacturing of knee-highs and socks
where a soft, fuzzy texture is desired.
 www.datanghosiery.com
Staple- Short lengths of fiber that are spun together to
form yarn.
Stirrup- Sock specifically designed to be worn over a
sanitary sock in various athletic sporting events. Has a
knitted top but n o heel or toe portion. A knitted strap g oes
under the arch to hold the sock down and in place, and can
be manufactured with team colors, stripes or logos as part
of a uniform.
Stitch- A stitch is the basic rep eating un it of the yarn
pattern in forming a knitted fabric, consisting of the needle
loop and sinker loop.
Stocking- A knitted, close-fitting covering for the foot
and leg.
Strand- A single filament of fiber.
Stretch Hosiery - Stockings knit of processed nylon
filament yarn treated to give permanent stretchability.
Stretch stockings "change" size to fit each foot, leg length,
and volume perfectly. They are extremely desirable to the
woman whose dimensions are too heavy or too slender.
Stretch Socks - Socks which are made from stretch yarn
such as Ban-Lon, Flexcel, Fluflon, Helanca, Superloft, or
Synfoam. A stretch sock can be adapted to fit a range of
foot sizes.
Stretch Ya rns- Continuous filament yarns (e.g., nylon)
that have been textured to give them elasticity.
Super - A construction in which the fabric in the toe
has
Toeconsiderable more density than normal. The addition
of density in the forward part of the foot is so gradual that
no change in appearance is visible. The wear life achieved
is significantly improved over the normal nude toe.
Supplex - DuPont brand for cottony soft fabrics
Nylon from air jet textured 1 DPF nylon yarns.
derived
Support Hosiery- Socks or other hosiery made of nylon
or polyester with spandex or other elastic fiber added to
give support to the leg. Support hosiery has spandex in the
legs to reduce leg fatigue. The principle of support is to
provide gradu ated compression to the leg. A total support
pantyhose is one that has control in the panty portion as
well as support in the legs. Support no longer means a
heavy, surgical garment. Today, it has fashion sheerness
and color as well as durability.
Surgical- Support hosiery usually knee high or thigh high
in length, that is considered with graduated compression to
aid blood flow before, during or after surgery. Are
sometimes called therapeutic o r anti embolism hosiery.
T
Tactel Microfibers - DuPont brand for microfiber hosiery
yarns (less than 1 DPF) that delivers the ultimate in
softness.
Ta ctel Multifils- DuPont brand for 1 to 1.5 DPF yarns
that blends softness with a sheer, clear look in hosiery.
Tartan- Any traditional plaid design.
Tennis - Sock designed specifically for tennis
enthusiasts.
Sock Can be low cut, below the ankle bone or a
higher length. Generally has extra cu shioning n ear the ball
of the foot to protect the wearer during a vigorous tennis
match.
Tensile Strength - The ability of fabric or yarn to resist
breaking by tension.
Terry- A looped pile construction used inside most
athletic socks and some work socks.
Textured Yarns - Yarns modified so they have desirable
properties such as "hand" (feel), increased softness, and
greater fit latitude. (Same as stretch yarns).
Textures - A general term that includes all knitted-in
patterns. Typical textures include cable, herringbone,
basketweave, fisherman and pointelle.
Texturizing - A method of processing continuous filament
yarns using heat and twist to give them bulk, elasticity,
and/or better recoverability or "memory".
Therapeutic- Can be a sock, thigh high, or waist high
garment that is designed with graduated compression to
provide a therapeutic benefit to aid blood flow an d muscle
support in the lower torso. Most are medically regulated
garments, administered by hospitals or doctors particularly
after surgery or during long confinements to bed. Some
non-medical devices are available over the counter of a
mild support construction.
Thermal Socks - Winter-weight boot length socks favored
by skiers, skaters, or anyone who spends a great deal of
time outdoors in cold weather. They can be made of heavy
duty Orlon acrylic, wool, Thermax, silk, polypropylene, or
Hollofil yarns, or a blend of fibers.
 www.datanghosiery.com

Thigh- - Stockings that just reach the thigh and are
Highs
held up by elastomer bands.
Throwing- Term used to describe the twisting of rayon,
nylon, or silk yarns.
Tights- A heavy, opaque one-piece garment from hip to
toe worn with leotards for dance, exercise, etc. It is usually
made with 40 denier yarn and over and is sometimes made
of yarn other than nylon.
Twist- The number of turns about its axis per unit of
length of a yarn. Normally, no more twist is placed in a
yarn than is needed for strength and abrasion resistance.
(See also "High Twist")
Two - Pantyhose manufactured with two
Component
separate legs so that one can be replaced. Are often called
replaceable legs pantyhose and can be manufactured where
the legs are individually attached at the top of the stocking
below the crotch , or a full leg is kn itted with a half pan ty
and full waistband.

U
Tinted Hosiery - Hosiery dyed to fashion shades. It is
created to blend with and enhance costume and shoe
ensembles and to lend more grace and beauty to the leg.

Toelets- Knitted hosiery of various weights that is

designed to cover the toe portion of the foot only.
Designed to be worn with special types of shoes such as
clogs.
U Seams- Pantyhose that are sewn one leg blank to
another with a continuous U seam to join the legs. These
garments have no crotch sewn in.

Torque- A term used in the hosiery industry for defining Ultra Sheer - A fine denier fiber which gives the ultimate
a monofilament or multifilament yarn that has been
in sheerness. It is usually 20 denier or less and a low
textured to give residual stitch deformation in knitted filament count.
hosiery, resulting in high sheerness.
Unboarde - Hosiery not subjected to preboarding or
Trilobal Yarn- Contrary to a round cross section of yarn, boarding
d operations in its manufacture. In appearance it is
trilobal yarn is a cross section with three lobes. It reflects
wrinkled and shapeless until stretched over the leg and
light and gives the finished product a glimmer or body.
brilliance.
Unbrande - Applied to hosiery that is not marketed
Tube - Hosiery knit in the shape of a tube, usually throughout
d the country under a reco gn izable name.
on multi-feed machines. Tube socks are nonreciprocated -
Socks Usually not nationally advertised. (See Brand ).
without a knit-in heel - and are primarily used as men's and
boy's spectator athletic socks.
Utility Weight - A heavier weight ladies hosiery produ ct
generally designed for professionals such as nurses.
Tuck - A tuck loop is formed by only partially Designed to provide longer wear life than sheer garments,
raising
Loop the needle so the old loop does not clear, but rises
but provide little leg flattering characteristics. Are
su fficiently for feeding a new yarn into th e hook. The old synonymous with service weight hosiery.
loop which did not clear is the held loop and the new yarn
forms the tuck loop. When the needle is cleared on a
subsequent course, the knit loop formed is pulled through
the tuck loop in addition to the held loop. Tuck loop s are
used for runguards, in the band area, and some places in
V
the panty. The tuck loops are also used to put in sewing
marks and machine identification marks.
Ventilation - A knitting operation that allows fabrics to
breath. It is o ften utilized in pantyhose for cotton crotch
Turbo- A process in which large bundles of continuous panels or cotton soles. (See Aeration)
filament fib ers, called tow are stretched randomly, broken
and drafted into sliver form. This sliver, with high Vivana- A registered BASF trademark for a yarn used in
sh rinkage potential, is blen ded (or combined) with sliver
shiny tights and the panty of some styles to give it sheen.
having low shrinkage potential. After spinning this blend Sometimes this yarn is referred to as "Bright" nylon.
into yarn , the yarn is subjected to steam, and the resultant
strains force the low shrinkage fibers to yarn surface as
loops. This produces a yarn (and sock) with high bulk,
softness and loft.
 www.datanghosiery.com

W Worsted - Yarns produced by the worsted system of

spinn ing. Generally contain long fibers arranged in parallel
and well-distributed order.

Worsted Count - An indirect numbering system generally

Wader- Sock, of synthetic fiber, usually bonded to a used for yarns spun on the worsted system; the number of
rubber sole designed to be worn while wading in water at
560 yd. lengths of yarn per pound.
the beach, river or lake. Can be worn as extra foot
protection with swimming fins for water enthusiasts.
Wrapped - A yarn composed of one fiber as a core,
Yarn with a filament or spun yarn of another. For
wrapped
Waistband- An elastic band either knitted into or sewn example, spandex is frequently wrapped with nylon to
onto the top portion of the pantyhose, to hug the waist and
improve strength and durability.
hold the garment up.

Wales- Vertical rows of stitches in a knitted construction. Y

Walking - Cushioning in foot, reversed cushioning
in foot for red uced slide in shoe.
Sock
Yarn- A generic term for an assemblage of fibers or
Welt- A fabric knitted separately and machine-sewn to the filaments, either natural or manufactured, twisted or laid
top of the sock, or hem at the tip of a stocking knit in together to form a continuous strand suitable for use in
heavier denier yarn and folded double to give strength for producing fibers.
supporter fastening.
Yarn - A numerical designation expressing
Wicking- The capacity of a fiber to transport moisture relationship
Count of length to weight. (See also Denier)
away from itself.

Wool- Wool is the soft, curly hair of a sheep which is

sp un into yarn. The wool family includes Shetland
(Scottish) and Merino (Spanish) wool which are soft and
of h igh quality. But most woolen yarn used in socks is
made from standard grades produced in the U.S.,
Australia, and elsewhere. (Alpaca and cashmere are animal
hairs but are not properly called wool.) Wool is warm,
sturdy, and durable. It has a crisp, resilient han d and has
excellent insulating properties.

Woolen- Yarns produced by the woolen system of

spinning. Generally containing very short fibers, unevenly The Glossary is also available in Spanish . The
distributed and not parallel to each other. Spanish version can be downloaded from the
THA website, www.hosieryassociation.com .
Woolen Cut - An indirect yarn numbering system
based
Counton the number of 300 yd. lengths per pound.

Woolen Run - An indirect numbering system

generally
Count used for yarn spun on the woolen system; the
number of 1600 yd. lengths of yarn p er pound.
The Hosiery Association
Work Socks - Designed to meet the needs of people who 7421 Carmel Executive Park – Suite 200
work outdoors or in heavy industry. Th ere are many styles Charlotte, NC 28226
available including cushioned and flame-resistant socks for Phone: 704-365-0913
fisherman an d foundry workers.
Fax: 704-362-2056
hosierytha@aol.com
www.hosieryassociation.com

www.datanghosiery.com