Psychopharmacology

Sonia Rufa Joy L. Singson

CNU - CN 2012
 Acetophenazine 60-120 mg
Aripiprazole 10-30 mg
Chlorpromazine 25-2000 mg
Chlorprothixene 30-600 mg
Clozapine 215-900 mg
Fluphenazine 1-40 mg
Fluphenazine decanoate 5-100 mg q 1-2 wk
Haloperidol 1-100 mg
Haloperidol decanoate 12.5-200 mg q 2-4 wk
Loxapine 10-15 mg
Mesoridazine 30-400 mg
Molindone 15-200 mg
Olanzapine 5-20 mg
2.5-10 mg q d

Perphenazine 4-64 mg
Primozide 1-20 mg
Prochlorperazine 5-150 mg
Quetiapine 25-800 mg
Risperidone 0.5-16 mg
25-50 mg q 2 wks

Thioridazine 10-800 mg
Thiothixene 1-60 mg
Trifluoperazine 2-80 mg
Ziprasidone 20-160 mg
10-40 mg
DRUGS & FOODS THAT ARE CONTRAINDICATED WITH EACH OTHER

Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, SSRI, General anesthesia, SSRI,
stimulants Perocet, Percodan

Amphetamine, general
Amphetamine, general
anesthesia anesthesia, SSRI, Perocet,
Percodan

Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, asthma
medication, SSRI
Amphetamine, SSRI

Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, asthma
medication, SSRI Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, asthma medication,
stimulants, SSRI
General anesthesia,
asthma medication,
SSRI Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, asthma medication,
stimulants, SSRI, Percocet,
Percodan
General anesthesia,
asthma mebication
Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, asthma medication,
stimulants, SSRI, Hydrocodone,
Amphetamine, general Percocet, Percodan
anesthesia, asthma
medication, SSRI

SSRI
General anesthesia,
SSRI

Amphetamine, general
anesthesia, stimulants,
Amphetamine, asthma Hydrocodone, Percocet,
medication, SSRI Percodan

Amphetamine, SSRI
Percocet, Percodan

Figure above shows column 1 as the foods (pictures) and the opposite of the foods as column 2 which are the drugs that contraindicate with the food.
Why Beta Blockers are used in Psychiatry

Beta blockers are used in psychiatry because it alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and inhibits the release of
norepinephrine and epinephrine which mediates the "fight or flight" response, and also dopamine but not serotonin from
stimulated neurons. It slightly increases intraneuronal stores of catecholamines and decreases intraneuronal content of second
messengers and may thereby selectively modulate the responsiveness of hyperactive neurons that might contribute to the
manic state.

Beta blockers mainly treat anxiety by blocking the effects of two neurotransmitters, adrenaline and noradrenaline, at beta
receptors, thus giving these medications their names. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are released when a person feels anxious,
and they can be at a higher level if a person suffers from chronic anxiety. The anti-anxiety effects of beta blockers are
regulated by the peripheral, or outer, receptors instead of centrally.

However, beta blockers have no direct effect on anxiety. Instead, beta blockers act by reducing the patient's response to
anxiety, such as tremors and cardiac response. By decreasing the effects of anxiety, beta blockers diminish the patient's
thoughts that he is experiencing anxiety

Cholinergic agonists are used in psychiatry because it functions to enhance or inhibit the effects
mediated by acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter which plays a role in memory and attention and signals
muscles to become active)

These drugs are excitatory and are also inhibitory in nature. Thus, these kind of drugs are used for
manic-depressive disorder or bipolar disorder wherein there is the presence of one or more episodes of
abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes

Why Thyroid Medications are used in Psychiatry

Thyroid medications are used in psychiatry because it acts to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help
regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone), neuronal maturation and increase the body's sensitivity to
catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. Thus, these mechanisms of action of thyroid medications especially the
increase of adrenaline is also can justify that thyroid medications can also be anti-depressants.
Scientists now consider thyroid hormone one of the major “players” in brain chemistry disorders. And as with any brain
chemical disorder, until treated correctly, thyroid hormone imbalance has serious effects on the patient’s emotions and
behavior.

Beta blockers are used in psychiatry because it alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells and
inhibits the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine which mediates the "fight or flight" response, and
also dopamine but not serotonin from stimulated neurons. It slightly increases intraneuronal stores of
catecholamines and decreases intraneuronal content of second messengers and may thereby selectively
modulate the responsiveness of hyperactive neurons that might contribute to the manic state.

Beta blockers mainly treat anxiety by blocking the effects of two neurotransmitters, adrenaline and
noradrenaline, at beta receptors, thus giving these medications their names. Adrenaline and
noradrenaline are released when a person feels anxious, and they can be at a higher level if a person
suffers from chronic anxiety. The anti-anxiety effects of beta blockers are regulated by the peripheral, or
outer, receptors instead of centrally.

However, beta blockers have no direct effect on anxiety. Instead, beta blockers act by reducing the
patient's response to anxiety, such as tremors and cardiac response. By decreasing the effects of anxiety,
beta blockers diminish the patient's thoughts that he is experiencing anxiety

Psychiatric illness that impairs judgment, insight and stability places psychiatric patients at increased risk for medication
non-compliance.

Impaired cognitive function

Problems with sight, hearing, or mobility
Complicated dosing schedules
Alteration of drug regimen based on the personal judgment of the client
Unavailability of medication
 Lack of motivation
Different beliefs
Too high or too low expectations
Satisfaction with treatment
Client’s personality





sEXUAL sIDE EFFECTS OF aNTIPSYCHOTIC mEDICATIONS

- disturbances of erection and

ejaculation

- changes in libido

- priapism in men and decreased libido

- orgasmic dysfunction

- menstrual irregularities in women

- infertility