Electronics & Computer - UG Elective Course Syllabi

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC - 342 Course Title: VLSI Technology
2. Contact Hours: L: 3 T: 0 P: 0
3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0
4. Relative Weight: CWS 1

15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00
5. Credits: 0 3 6. Semester √
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC-242 or equivalent
8. Subject Area: DEC
9. Objective: To provide knowledge of various processes and techniques for semiconductor

fabrication.
10. Details of the Course:
Sl. Contents Contact

No. Hours
1. Crystal Growth: Czochralski and Bridgman growth, wafer preparation and 4
specifications.
2. Epitaxial Growth: Thermodynamics of vapour phase growth, selective 4
growth, MOCVD, molecular beam epitaxy technology, gas source MBE and
chemical beam epitaxy.
3. Oxidation: Deal-Grove model, linear and parabolic rate coefficients, oxide 4
characterization, types of oxidation and their kinematics, oxidation induced
stacking faults, oxidation systems.
4. Etching: Wet etching, basic regimes of plasma etching, reactive ion etching 4
and its damages, lift-off, and sputter etching.
5. Lithography: Optical, electron, X-ray and ion-beam, contact/proximity and 5
projection printers, advanced mask concepts, alignment.
6. Diffusion and Ion-Implantation: Fick’s diffusion law, atomistic model, 6
diffusion coefficient of common dopants and diffusion systems.
Scattering phenomenon, projected range, channeling and lateral projected
range, implantation damage, problems and concerns in ion-implantation
systems.
7. Metallization: Applications and choices, physical vapor deposition, 4
patterning, problem areas, multilevel metallization.
8. VLSI Process Integration: NMOS and CMOS IC technology, MOS 3
memory IC technology, bipolar IC fabrication.
9. Assembly Technique and Packaging: Package types, packaging design 4
consideration, VLSI assembly technologies.
10. Yield and Reliability: Yield loss in VLSI, yield loss modeling, reliability 4
requirements, accelerated testing, BIST.
Total 42
11. Suggested Books:
Sl. Year of
No. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Publication
/ Reprint
1. Sze, S.M., “VLSI Technology”, 4th Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill. 1999
2. Tyagi, M.S., “Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices”, John 1991
Wiley & Sons.
3. Chang, C.Y. and Sze, S.M., “ULSI Technology”, McGraw-Hill. 1996
4. Campbell, S.A., “The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic 1996
Fabrication”, 4th Ed., Oxford University Press.
5. Plummer, J.D., Deal, M.D. and Griffin, P.B., “Silicon VLSI Technology: 2000
Fundamentals, Practice and Modeling”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall.
6. Chen W.K. (ed.), “VLSI Technology”, CRC Press. 2003

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC - 382 Course Title: Artificial Intelligence
4. Relative Weight: CWS 15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC - 251
9. Objective: To acquaint the students with the theoretical and computational techniques in
Artificial Intelligence.

No. Hours
1. Fundamental Concepts: Agents, environments, general model; Problem 4
solving techniques.
2. Search Techniques: Uninformed search, heuristic search, adversarial 6
search and game trees; Solution of constraint satisfaction problems using
search.
3. Knowledge Representation: Propositional and predicate calculus, 8
semantics for predicate calculus, inference rules, unification, semantic
networks, conceptual graphs, structured representation, frames, scripts.
4. Prolog: Basic constructs, answer extraction. 4
5. Bayesian Reasoning: Bayesian networks, dynamic Bayesian networks. 4
6. Planning: State-space search, planning graphs. 4
7. Learning: Inductive learning, decision tree learning. 4
8. Advanced Topics: Role of knowledge in language understanding, stages of 8
language analysis, parsing using context free grammars, transition network
parser, Chomsky hierarchy and context sensitive grammars, rule based
expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms.
Total 42

Sl. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Year of
No. Publication
1. Russell, S. and Norvig, P., “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern 2006
Approach”, Pearson Education.
2. Rich, E. and Knight, K., “Artificial Intelligence”, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2006
3. Nilsson, N. J., “Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis”, Morgan 1998
Kaufmann.
4. Bratko, I., “Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence”, 3rd Ed., 2001
Pearson Education.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC - 384 Course Title: Digital Image Processing
5. Credits: 0 3 6. Semester: √
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To acquaint the students with the fundamental concepts of digital image
processing and its applications.

No. Hours
1. Digital Image Fundamentals: Simple image model, sampling and 3
quantization, imaging geometry, digital geometry, different types of
digital images.
2. Bilevel Image Processing: Digital distance, distance transform, 4
medial axis transform, component labeling, thinning, morphological
processing, extension to grey scale morphology.
3. Binarization and Segmentation of Grey Level Images: Histogram 5
of grey level images, optimal thresholding, multilevel thresholding;
Segmentation of grey level images, watershed algorithm for
segmenting grey level images.
4. Detection of Edges and Lines in 2D Images: First order and second 6
order edge operators, multi-scale edge detection, Canny's edge
detection algorithm, Hough transform for detecting lines and curves,
edge linking.
5. Image Enhancement: Point processing, spatial filtering, frequency 6
domain filtering, multi-spectral image enhancement, image
restoration.
6. Color Image Processing: Color representation, laws of color 6
matching, chromaticity diagram, color enhancement, color image
segmentation, color edge detection, color demosaicing.
7. Image Registration and Depth Estimation: Registration algorithms, 6
stereo imaging, computation of disparity map.
8. Image Compression: Lossy and lossless compression schemes, 6
prediction based compression schemes, vector quantization, sub-band
encoding schemes, JPEG compression standard, fractal compression
scheme, wavelet compression scheme.
Total 42

No. Publication
1. Gonzalez, R. C., Woods, R. E. and Eddins, S. L., “Digital image 2008
Processing Using MATLAB”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall.
2. Jahne, B., “Digital Image Processing”, 5th Ed., Springer. 2003
3. Pratt, W. L., “Digital Image Processing”, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons. 2001
4. Sonka, M., Hlavac, V. and Boyle, R., “Image Processing, Analysis and 1998
Machine Vision”, 3rd Ed., PWS Publishing.
NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC - 413 Course Title:
Telecommunication Switching,
Networks and Protocols
Autumn Spring Both
9 Objective: This course is designed to provide a detailed treatment of switching principles and
control of switching systems, traffic engineering and queuing models, and signaling
and transmission protocols for telecommunication networks.
10. Details of Course:

No. Hours
1. Network configurations; Transmission, switching and signaling; Circuit and 2
packet switching; Analog, digital and integrated digital networks.
2. Transmission media and impairments; 4-wire transmission: Hybrid, echo, 5
stability and crosstalk; Digital transmission and multiplexing, line coding,
framing and bit stuffing, plesiochronous digital hierarchies; SONET and
SDH: Hierarchical model, frames and justification, virtual tributaries.
3. Space and time division switching; Switching elements and switching 7
matrices; Time division time- and space-switching; Multi-stage switching,
internal blocking, distribution and mixing; Evaluation of probability of
blocking of switching networks, Lee graph; Call packing, Benes networks
and Clos networks.
4. Traffic characteristics, Erlang, random process and Markov chain modeling 11
of traffic; Birth-Death models, differential equations and steady-state
solutions, Poisson process; Modeling of arrivals, interarrival times and
service times; Grade of service, time and call congestion; Little’s theorem,
M/M/1 queue, Erlang-B and Erlang-C formulations, M/G/1 queue,
prioritized queues; Sequential hunting; Loss system with limited sources.
5. Call processing functions, signal exchange and state transition diagrams; 3
Distributed and common control; Stored programme control; Overload
control.
6. Subscriber loop signaling; PCM signaling, channel-associated and common 4
channel signaling; Signaling system No. 7: Protocol architecture, signaling
units’ format, signaling link and network level; Numbering plan and
routing; Concept of intelligent networks.
7. Overview of ISDN, transmission structure, protocol architecture, physical 4
layer, LAPD, basic call control; Overview of ATM, ATM cells, reference
model, adaptation layer, cell switching.
8. Introduction to DSL, transmission and reception in ADSL; Overview of 3
xDSL.
9. Overview of VoIP and MPLS. 3
Total 42

No. Publication
/ Reprint
1. Flood, J.E., “Telecommunication Switching, Traffic and Networks”, 2001
Pearson Education.
2. Bertsekas, D. and Gallager, R., “Data Networks”, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall 1992
of India.
3. Bellamy, J.C., “Digital Telephony”, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons 2002
4. Bear, D., “Principles of Telecommunication Traffic Engineering”, 3rd 1988
Ed., Peter Peregrinus.
5. Stallings, W., “ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and 2000
ATM”, 4th Ed., Pearson Education.
6. Olivier, H., Gurle, D. and Petit, J.P, “IP Telephony: Packet Based 2000
Multimedia Communications Systems”, Addison-Wesley Longman.
7. Black, U., “MPLS and Label Switching Networks”, Pearson 2002
Education.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 501N Course Title: Modeling and Simulation
5. Credits: 0 3 6. Semester: √
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC - 101A / EC - 101B or equivalent
9. Objective: To acquaint the students to simulation techniques of discrete event systems.

No. Hours
1. Introduction: Systems, models, discrete event simulation and 2
continuous simulation.
2. Discrete Event Simulation: Time-advance mechanisms, event modeling 6
of discrete dynamic systems, single-server single queue model, event
graphs, Monte Carlo simulation.
3. GPSS: Model structure, entities and transactions, blocks in GPSS, 6
process oriented programming, user defined functions, SNA, logic
switches, save locations, user chains, tabulation of result, programming
examples.
4. Random Number Generation: Congruence generators, long period 6
generators, statistical quality measures of generators, uniformity and
independence testing, chi-square and other hypotheses testing, runs
testing.
5. Random Variate Generation: Location, scale and shape parameters, 10
discrete and continuous probability distributions; Inverse transform
method, composition and acceptance-rejection methods, efficiency and
quality measures of generators; Selection of distribution for a random
source, fitting distributions to data, constructing empirical distributions
from data.
6. Queuing Models: Little’s theorem, analytical results for M/M/1, 6
M/M/1/N, M/M/c, M/G/1 and other queuing models.
7. Network Simulation: SimEvent tool box in MATLAB, general features 6
of network simulation packages, case study of OMNET++.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Karian, Z.A. and Dudewicz, E.J., “Modern Statistical Systems and GPSS 1999
nd
Simulation”, 2 Ed., CRC Press.
2. Banks, J., Carson, L.S., Nelson, B.L. and Nicol, D.M., “Discrete Event 2002
System Simulation”, 3rd Ed., Pearson Education.
3. Law, A.M. and Kelton, W.D., “Simulation, Modeling and Analysis”, 3rd 2003
Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill.
Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 521N Course Title: Fuzzy Control
√
5.Credits: 0 3 6. Semester:
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC- 321 or equivalent
9. Objective: To acquaint the students with the fundamentals of decision making in the absence
of precise information and methods of using this knowledge to the solution of
complex control problems.

Hours
No.
1. Knowledge based systems; Process monitoring, fault diagnosis, 3
knowledge based controllers (KBC), knowledge representations in
KBCs.
2. Crispness, vagueness, uncertainty and fuzziness; Crisp and fuzzy sets, 6
properties of fuzzy sets, operations on fuzzy sets, fuzzy relations,
operations on fuzzy relations.
3. Approximate reasoning, linguistic variables, fuzzy propositions, If- 6
Then statements, inference rules; Representation and properties of a
set of rules: Completeness, consistency, continuity.
4. Structure of a fuzzy KBC (FKBC) and fuzzification module, 8
knowledge base, inference engine, defuzzification module; Rule based
variables, contents of rules, derivation of rules, choice of membership
functions and scaling factors, composition based and individual rule
based inference, inference with a set of rules.
5. Methods of fuzzification and defuzzification, and their performance 4
evaluation, examples.
6. Non-linear fuzzy control, FKBC as nonlinear transfer element, 8
fuzzification and defuzzification, rule base representation of transfer
element, PID like FKBC and its rule base, sliding mode FKBC, and its
phase plane plots and rule base, Sugeno FKBC and its rule base.
7. Adaptive fuzzy control design and performance evaluation, various 7
approaches to design; Stability analysis of fuzzy controllers.
Total 42
Sl. Year of
Name of Authors / Books / Publishers
No. Publication
1. Driankov, D., Hellendoorn, H. and Reinfrank, M., “An Introduction 1996
to Fuzzy Control”, Narosa.
2. Kosko, B., “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems”, Prentice-Hall 2007
of India.
3. Zimmerman, H.J., “Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications”, 4th Ed., 2001
Springer.
4. Pedrycz, W. and Gomide, F., “ An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets 2005
Analysis and Design”, Prentice-Hall of India.
5. Ganesh, M., “ Introduction to Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic”, 2006
Prentice-Hall of India.
6. Alavala, C.R., “Fuzzy Logic And Neural Networks: Basic 2008
Concepts & Application ”, New Age International.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 522N Course Title: Digital Control Systems
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC - 321 or equivalent
9. Objective: To impart knowledge on the concepts of digital control, its performance, design
techniques and the methods for practical implementation.

No. Hours
1. Sampling process, hold circuits; Application and limitations of z - 3
transform, delayed and modified z-transform.
2. Review of transfer function, block diagrams and signal flow graphs; 5
Multi-rate discrete data systems.
3. State variable representation of digital systems, state diagram, analysis 8
of response between sampling points; Stability study of SISO and
MIMO systems, effect of sampling rate variations on stability.
4. Time domain, z-domain and frequency domain analysis, w-plane, 10
frequency warping and pre-warping, root locus and Bode diagram of
discrete systems, MATLAB simulation of typical cases.
5. Digital simulation, modeling with S/H circuits, numerical integration in 6
simulation.
6. Design of digital control systems, bilinear transformation, PID 10
controller, cascade compensation, pole-zero cancellation designs, pole
placement and dead-beat designs, design exercises in both frequency
and time domain; Microprocessor and microcontroller implementation
of digital control algorithms.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
nd
1. Gopal, M., “Digital Control and State Variable Methods”, 2 Ed., Tata 2003
McGraw-Hill.
2. Franklin, G.F. and Powell, J.D., “Digital Control of Dynamic Systems”, 2000
3rd Ed., Pearson Education.
3. Philips, C.L. and Nagle Jr., H.T., “Digital Control System Analysis and 2005
Design”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall.
4. Kuo, B.C., “Digital Control Systems”, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press. 2004
Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 523N Course Title: Robotics and Computer Vision
5.Credits: 0 3 6. Semester √
Autumn Spring Both

7. Pre-requisite: EC- 321 or equivalent
9. Objective: The course introduces the fundamentals of robot dynamics, its features and
performance, controller techniques, and image analysis for obstacle avoidance.

Hours
No.
1. Definition, structure and application areas of Robotics; 4
Introduction to the range of robots currently in use.
2. Direct kinematics of the robot arm, link description and its 6
connection; Frame assignment; Concept of actuator space, joint
space and Cartesian space; Inverse kinematics, algebraic solution,
geometric solution; Solvabilitly considerations and examples.
3. Manipulator dynamics, basic equations, Newton-Euler dynamic 8
formulation; Lagrange formulation of the manipulator dynamics;
Simulation.
4. Controller design, linear and non-linear control approaches, special 9
considerations like coupling, time-variation and model uncertainty;
Computed torque, variable structure and adaptive control
techniques.
5. Digital image fundamentals, digitization and 2-D parameters, types 6
of operation; Basic tools: Convolution, Fourier transforms and
statistical approaches.
6. Image analysis and processing, basic enhancement and restoration 9
techniques, unsharp masking, noise suppression, distortion
suppression, segmentation, thresholding, edge finding, binary
mathematical morphology, grey-value mathematical morphology.
Total 42

No. Publication
1. Fu, K.S., Gonzalez, R.C. and Lee, C.S.G., “Robotics: Control, 1987
Sensing, Vision and Intelligence”, McGraw-Hill.
2. Pratt, W.K., “Digital Image Processing”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & 1991
Sons.
3. Gonzalez, R.C. and Woods, R.E., “Digital Image Processing”, 3rd 2008
Ed., Prentice-Hall.
4. Klafter, R.D., Chmielewski, T.A. and Negin, M., “Robotic 2007
Engineering An Integrated Approach”, Prentice-Hall of India.
5. Schilling, R. J., “Fundamental of Robotics: Analysis and Control”, 2007
6. Sciavicco, L., “Modeling and Control of Robot Manipulators”, 2003
McGraw-Hill.
NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Electronics & Computer Engineering
1. Subject Code: EC – 535N Course Title: RF Packaging and Electromagnetic

Compatibility

Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To introduce the issues involved in the design of modern electronic systems, which
are electromagnetically compatible with other electronic systems and comply with
related government regulations.
Sl. Contents Contact Hours

No.
1. EMC Requirements for Electronic Systems: Sources of 9
EMI; Aspects of EMC; Radiated susceptibility; Conducted
susceptibility; Electrostatic discharge; Design constraints for
products; Advantages of EMC design; Transmission line per-
unit-length parameters: Wire-type structures, PCB structures;
High-speed digital interconnects and signal integrity.
2. Non-ideal Behavior of Components: Spurious effects of 9
wires, PCB, component leads, resistors, capacitors,
inductors, ferromagnetic materials, electromagnetic devices,
MMIC components, digital circuit devices, and mechanical
switches.
3. Conducted and Radiated Emissions: Measurement of 12
conducted emissions; Power supply filters; Power supply and
its placement; Conducted susceptibility; Simple emission
models for wires and PCB leads; Simple radiated
susceptibility models for wires and PCB leads.
4. Crosstalk: Three-conductor transmission lines, shielded 6
wires, twisted wires, shielding.
5. System Design for EMC: Safety ground; PCB design; 6
System configuration and design.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Paul, C.R., “Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 2006
Wiley Interscience.
2. Kaiser, K.L., “Electromagnetic Compatibility Handbook”, CRC 2004
Press.
3. Kodali, V.P., “Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility: 2001
Principles, Measurement and Technologies”, IEEE Press.

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC– 536N Course Title: Radar Systems

00
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC - 312 and EC - 334 or equivalent
9. Objective: To introduce the students to the fundamental principles and the working of different
types of radar systems for military and civilian applications.

No. Hours
1. Basic Radar Definitions: Radar equation, receiver noise, probability of 6
detection and signal-to-noise ratio, receiver bandwidth, target cross-section
and cross-section fluctuations, statistical description of RCS, antenna
coverage and gain, system losses.
2. Signal Models for Radar: Amplitude model: Range equation and its 7
distributed target forms; Clutter: Signal-to-clutter ratio, temporal and spatial
correlation of clutter; Compound models for RCS: Noise model and signal to
noise ratio; Frequency models: Doppler shift, simplified approach to Doppler
shift, stop-and-hop assumption; Spatial model: Variation with angle and
range, projections; Multi-path spectral models.
3. Types of Radar: CW, FMCW and multiple-frequency CW radars; MTI: 12
Delay line cancellers, transversal filters, low, medium, and high-prf radars,
staggered prf, multiple prf ranging, digital MTI, Doppler filter bank and its
generation, reflection of radar waves; Tracking radars: Conical scan radar,
error signal of conical-scan radar, monopulse radars, error signal of amplitude
comparison monopulse.
4. Radar Detection: Neyman-Pearson detection rule, likelihood ratio test, 6
threshold detection of radar signals, non-coherent integration of
nonfluctuating targets, Albersheim and Shnidaman equations, binary
integration.
5. Phased Array and Imaging Radars: Phased array principle and feed 11
systems, conventional and adaptive beamforming techniques; Synthetic
aperture radar (SAR): SAR fundamentals, cross-range resolution in radar,
synthetic aperture viewpoint; SAR data characteristics: Stripmap SAR
geometry, stripmap SAR data set, stripmap SAR image formation algorithm;
Introduction to polarimetric and interferometric SAR.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
nd
1. Skolnik, M.I., “Introduction to Radar Systems”, 2 Ed., McGraw-Hill. 1997
2. Schleher, D.C., “MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar”, Artech House. 1991
3. Hovanessian, S.A., “Radar System Design and Analysis”, Artech House. 1984
4. Richards, M.A., “Fundamental of Radar Signal Processing”, Tata 2005
McGraw-Hill.
5. Sullivan, R.J., “Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Concepts”, 2004
6. Mott, H., “Remote Sensing with Polarimetric Radar”, IEEE Press. 2007
7. Nathanson, F.E., “Radar Design Principles”, Scitech Publishing. 2002

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 537N Course Title: Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits
4. Relative Weightage: CWS 115 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

00
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To provide an in-depth treatment of the theory of different types of transmission line
structures and their applications for the development of integrated circuits at
microwave and millimeter wave frequencies.

No. Hours
1. Fundamental Concepts: Elements of microwave/millimeter wave 5
integrated circuits; Classification of transmission lines: Planar, quasi-
planar and 3-D structures, their basic properties, field distribution and
range of applications; Substrate materials and technology used for
fabrication.
2. Analysis of Planar Transmission Lines: Variational approach for the 12
determination of capacitance of planar structures; Transverse
transmission line techniques for multi-dielectric planar structures;
Rigorous analysis of dielectric integrated guides; Use of effective
dielectric constant in the approximate analysis of dielectric guide.
3. Metamaterials: Theory of Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) 6
transmission line metamaterials; Representation of CRLH metamaterial
by an equivalent homogeneous CRLH TL; L-C network implementation
and its physical realization.
4. Discontinuities: Analysis of discontinuities in planar and non-planar 5
transmission lines and their equivalent circuit representation.
5. Passive Circuits: Design and circuit realization of filters, couplers, 8
phase shifters, and switches using planar and non-planar transmission
lines.
6. Active Circuits: Design and circuit realization of amplifiers and 6
oscillators using planar and non-planar transmission lines.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Edwards, T.C. and Steer M.B., “Foundations for Interconnects and 2001
Microstrip Design”, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
2. Wolf, I., “Coplanar Microwave Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley & 2006
Sons.
3. Bhat, B. and Koul, S.K., “Stripline Like Transmission Lines”, John 1989
Wiley & Sons.
4. Caloz, C. and Itoh, T., “Electromagnetic Metamaterials: 2005
Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications”, Wiley-
IEEE Press.
5. Bhat, B. and Koul, S. K., “Analysis, Design and Applications of 1987
Finlines”, Artech House.
6. Koul, S.K., “Millimeter Wave and Optical Dielectric Integrated 1997
Guides and Circuits”, John Wiley & Sons.
7. Ludwig, R. and Bretchko, P., “RF Circuit Design”, Pearson 2000
Education.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 538N Course Title: Wireless Channels and UWB Radio

00
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: The objective of this course is to provide to the students a detailed understanding of
the characteristics of common wireless channels and their influence on system
performance. The students will also be exposed to the upcoming area of UWB
systems.
10. Details of Course:

No. Hours
1. Fundamental Concepts: Terrestrial links, satellite links, macrocells, 5
microcells, picocells, body-centric systems, UWB systems; Cellular concept;
Multiple-access schemes and duplexing; Review of antenna parameters; Friss
transmission formula.
2. Propagation Mechanisms: Review of reflection, refraction, and transmission 8
of electromagnetic waves on a plane boundary; Rough surface scattering;
Computation of field strength using ray optics; Wedge diffraction theory;
Ray-fixed coordinate system; Uniform theory of diffraction.
3. Basic Propagation Models: Path loss, noise modeling, free space loss, plane 2
earth loss, link budget.
4. Terrestrial Fixed Links: Path profiles, tropospheric refraction, obstruction 4
loss, multiple knife-edge diffraction, multiple edge diffraction integral,
diffraction over objects of finite size, influence of clutter.
5. Satellite Fixed Links: Effect of troposphere and ionosphere on path loss and 2
noise.
6. Mobile Communication Links: Empirical and physical models for path loss; 10
Statistical shadowing and its impact on coverage; Correlated shadowing;
Narrowband fast fading: AWGN channel and narrowband fast fading
channels, Rayleigh and Rician distributions, Doppler effect; Wideband fast
fading: Cause and effect, wideband channel model and its parameters,
frequency domain effects; Diversity techniques to overcome the effects of
multipath channel.
7. Ultra-wideband (UWB) Radio: Definition, benefits and applications of 9
UWB, properties of UWB signals and systems; Waveform generation:
Gaussian waveforms, waveform design for specific spectral masks, practical
constraints; UWB channel models: Multipath channel model, path loss model,
two-ray propagation model, measurement of channel characteristics; UWB
antennas: Challenges in UWB antenna design, radiation of UWB signals,
types of UWB antennas, beamforming for UWB signals.
8. Introduction to Body-Centric Wireless Systems. 2
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Saunders, S.R., “Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication 1999
Systems”, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Stutzman, W.L. and Thiele, H.A. “Antenna Theory and Design”, 2nd Ed., 1998
John Wiley & Sons.
3. Rappaport, T.S., “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2002
Pearson Education.
4. Ghavami, M., Michael, L.B., and Kohno, R., “Ultra Wideband Signals and 2007
Systems in Communication Engineering”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
5. Siwiak, K. and McKeown, D., “Ultra-wideband Radio Technology”, John 2004
Wiley & Sons.
6. Hall, P.S. and Hao, Y. (Eds.), “Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric 2006
Wireless Communication”, Artech House.
7. Pahlavan, K. and Levesque, A.H., "Wireless Information Networks", John 1995
Wiley & Sons.
8. Hess, G.C., "Land-mobile Radio System Engineering", Artech House. 1993

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 539N Course Title: Fibre Optic Systems

00
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC-242 and EC-331 or equivalent
9. Objective: To provide the concepts of optical fibres, sources and detectors used in optical
communication systems.

No. Hours
1. Planar Optical Waveguides: Wave propagation in planar optical 5
waveguides, ray theory, electromagnetic mode theory, phase and group
velocity, dispersion.
2. Optical Fibre Waveguides: Wave propagation in cylindrical fibres, 5
modes and mode coupling, step and graded index fibres, single-mode
fibres.
3. Transmission Characteristics of Fibres: Attenuation, material 7
absorption and scattering loss, bend loss, intra-modal and inter-modal
dispersion in step and graded fibres, overall dispersion in single and
multi-mode fibres.
4. Optical Fibre Connection: Optical fiber cables, stability of 4
characteristics, fibre alignment; Fibre splices, connectors, couplers.
5. Optical Sources: Absorption and emission of radiation, population 6
inversion and laser oscillation, p-n junction, recombination and diffusion,
stimulated emission and lasing, hetero-junctions, single-frequency
injection lasers and their characteristics, light emitting diode structures
and their characteristics.
6. Optical Detectors: Optical detection principles, p-n, p-i-n, and avalanche 3
photodiodes.
7. Optical Communication System: System description and design 5
considerations of an optical fibre communication system, noise in
detection process, power budgeting, rise time budgeting, maximum
transmission distance.
8. Optical networks: WDM concepts and principles, basic networks, 7
SONET/SDH, broadcast-and-select WDM networks, wavelength-routed
networks, nonlinear effects on network performance, performance of
WDM & EDFA systems; Solitons; Optical CDMA.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Senior, J.M., “Optical Fiber Communications”, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall 1999
of India.
2. Keiser, G., “Optical Fiber Communications,” 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill. 2000
3. Ghatak, A. and Thyagarajan, K., “Introduction to Fiber Optics”, 1999
Cambridge University Press.
4. Cheo, P.K., "Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics", 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall. 1990
5. Govar, J., "Optical Communication Systems", 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall of 1996
India.
6. Snyder, A.W. and Love, J.D., "Optical Waveguide Theory", Chapman 1983
& Hall.
Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 541N Course Title: VLSI Physical Design
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To develop understanding of state-of-the-art tools and algorithms, which address

design tasks such as floor planning, module placement and signal routing for VLSI
logic and physical level design.
Sl. No. Contents Contact

Hours
1. Introduction: Layout and design rules, materials for VLSI 2
fabrication, basic algorithmic concepts for physical design, physical
design processes and complexities.
2. Partition: Kernigham-Lin’s algorithm, Fiduccia Mattheyes algorithm, 6
Krishnamurty extension, hMETIS algorithm, multilevel partition
techniques.
3. Floor-Planning: Hierarchical design, wirelength estimation, slicing 10
and non-slicing floorplan, polar graph representation, operator
concept, Stockmeyer algorithm for floorplanning, mixed integer linear
program.
4. Placement: Design types: ASICs, SoC, microprocessor RLM; 8
Placement techniques: Simulated annealing, partition-based,
analytical, and Hall’s quadratic; Timing and congestion
considerations.
5. Routing: Detailed, global and specialized routing, channel ordering, 12
channel routing problems and constraint graphs, routing algorithms,
Yoshimura and Kuh’s method, zone scanning and net merging,
boundary terminal problem, minimum density spanning forest
problem, topological routing, cluster graph representation.
6. Sequential Logic Optimization and Cell Binding: State based 4
optimization, state minimization, algorithms; Library binding and its
algorithms, concurrent binding.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Sarrafzadeh, M. and Wong, C.K., “An Introduction to VLSI Physical 1996
Design”, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill.
2. Wolf, W., “Modern VLSI Design System on Silicon”, 2nd Ed., Pearson 2000
Education.
3. Sait, S.M. and Youssef, H., “VLSI Physical Design Automation: Theory 1999
and Practice”, World Scientific.
4. Dreschler, R., “Evolutionary Algorithms for VLSI CAD”, 3rd Ed., 2002
Springer.
5. Sherwani, N.A., “Algorithm for VLSI Physical Design Automation”, 2nd 1999
Ed., Kluwer.
6. Lim, S.K., “Practical Problems in VLSI Physical Design Automation”, 2008
Springer.

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC– 542N Course Title: Semiconductor Microwave

Devices and Applications

Autumn Spring Both

9. Objective: To introduce to the students the principles of operation of various microwave and
millimeter wave semiconductor devices and their circuit applications.
Sl. No. Contents Contact

Hours
1. Transient and ac behaviour of p-n junctions, effect of doping profile on
the capacitance of p-n junctions, noise in p-n junctions, high-frequency 8
equivalent circuit, varactor diode and its applications; Schottky effect,
Schottky barrier diode and its applications; Heterojunctions.
2. Tunneling process in p-n junction and MIS tunnel diodes, V-I 3
characteristics and device performance, backward diode.
3. Impact ionization, IMPATT and other related diodes, small-signal analysis 4
of IMPATT diodes.
4. Two-valley model of compound semiconductors, vd-E characteristics, 4
Gunn effect, modes of operation, small-signal analysis of Gunn diode,
power-frequency limit.
5. Construction and operation of microwave PIN diodes, equivalent circuit, 3
PIN diode switches, limiters and modulators.
6. High frequency limitations of BJT, microwave bipolar transistors, 7
heterojunction bipolar transistors; Operating characteristics of MISFETs
and MESFETs, short-channel effects, high electron mobility transistor.
7. Characteristics and design of microstrips, slotlines and coplanar 3
waveguides.
8. Design considerations for microwave and millimeter wave amplifiers and 7
oscillators, circuit realization, noise performance.
9. Introduction to MEMS for RF applications: micromachining techniques 3
for fabrication of micro switches, capacitors and inductors.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Liao, S.Y., “Microwave Devices and Circuits”, 4th Ed., Pearson 2002
Education.
2. Rebeiz, M.G., “R.F. MEMS: Theory, Design and Technology”, 2nd Ed., 2003
Wiley-Interscience.
3. Sze, S.M., and Ng, K.K., “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”, 3rd Ed., 2006
Wiley-Interscience.
4. Glover, I.A., Pennoek, S.R. and Shepherd P.R., “Microwave Devices, 2005
Circuits and Sub-Systems”, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
5. Golio, M., “RF and Microwave Semiconductor Devices Handbook”, 2002
CRC Press.
6. Zumbahlen, H. (ed.), “Linear Circuit Design Handbook”, Elsevier. 2008

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 543N Course Title: Optoelectronic

Materials and Devices

3
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To develop understanding of optical materials, working of optoelectronic

devices and their applications.

Sl. No. Contact
Contents Hours
1. Optical processes in semiconductors, EHP formation and 7
recombination, absorption and radiation in semiconductor, deep level
transitions, Auger recombination, luminescence and time resolved
photoluminescence, optical properties of photonic band-gap materials.
2. Junction photodiode: PIN, heterojunction and avalanche photodiode; 5
Comparisons of various photodetectors, measurement techniques for
output pulse.
3. Photovoltaic effect, V-I characteristics and spectral response of solar 6
cells, heterojunction and cascaded solar cells, Schottky barrier and
thin film solar cells, design of solar cell.
4. Modulated barrier, MS and MSM photodiodes; Wavelength selective 7
detection, coherent detection; Microcavity photodiode.
5. Dynamic effects of MOS capacitor, basic structure and frequency 5
response of charge coupled devices, buried channel charge coupled
devices.
6. Electroluminescent process, choice of light emitting diode (LED) 5
material, device configuration and efficiency; LED: Principle of
operation, LED structure, frequency response, defects, and reliability.
7. Semiconductor laser diode, Einstein relations and population 7

inversion, lasing condition and gain, junction lasers, hetrojunction
laser, multi quantum well lasers, beam quantization and modulation.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Streetman, B.G. and Banerjee, S., “Solid State Electronic Devices”, 2008
6th Ed., Prentice-Hall of India.
2. Tyagi, M.S., “Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices”, 1991
John Wiley & Sons.
3. Bhattacharya, P., “Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices”, 3rd Ed., 1998
Prentice-Hall.
4. Piprek, J., “Introduction to Physics and Simulation of Semiconductor 2003
Optoelectronic Devices”, 4th Ed., Academic Press.
5. Fakuda, M., “Optical Semiconductor Devices”, 4th Ed., John Wiley & 1998
Sons.
6. Kanu, K., “Semiconductor Devices”, Pearson Education. 1998

Computer Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 544N Course Title: Digital VLSI Circuit Design

3
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC-203 and EC-242 or equivalent
9. Objective: To provide a thorough knowledge of digital VLSI circuit design - from inverter
to memory - at various levels of abstraction.

No. Hours
1. Review: Basic MOS structure and its static behaviour; Quality metrics of a 2
digital design: Cost, functionality, robustness, power, and delay.
2. CMOS Inverter: Static CMOS inverter, switching threshold and noise margin 6
concepts and their evaluation, dynamic behaviour, power consumption and
effect of scaling on CMOS performance metrics.
3. CMOS Combinational Logic: Static CMOS design, ratioed logic, pass 7
transistor logic, dynamic logic, speed and power dissipation in dynamic logic,
cascading dynamic gates, CMOS transmission gate logic.
4. CMOS Sequential Logic: Static latches and registers, bistability principle, 7
MUX based latches, static SR flip-flops, master-slave edge-triggered register,
dynamic latches and registers, concept of pipelining, pulse registers,
nonbistable sequential circuit.
5. Timing Issues: Synchronous timing basics, classification, skew and jitter, and 7
their sources, clock distribution techniques, self-timed circuit design,
synchronisers and arbiters, clock synthesis and synchronization using PLL.
6. Design of Arithmetic Building Blocks: Adder, multiplier, shifter, and other 5
operators; Power and speed trade-off in datapath structures.
7. Memory and Array Structure: Core, ROM, RAM, peripheral circuitry,
memory reliability and yield, SRAM and DRAM design, evaluation of RNM 8
and WNM from butterfly curves, flash memory.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Rabaey, J.M., Chandrakasan, A. and Nikolic, B., “Digital Integrated 2006
Circuits: A Design Perspective”, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India.
2. Kang, S. and Leblebici, Y., “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits, 2003
Analysis and Design”, 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. Pucknell, D.A. and Eshraghian, K., “Basic VLSI Design”, 3rd Ed., 1994
4. Eshraghian, K., Pucknell, D.A. and Eshraghian, S., “Essentials of 2005
VLSI Circuit and System”, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India.
5. Hodges, D.A., Jackson, H.G. and Saleh, R.A., “Analysis and Design of 2005
Digital Integrated Circuits in Deep Submicron Technology”, 3rd Ed.,
Tata McGraw-Hill.
6. Uyemera, P.J., “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”, 4th Ed., 2003
John Wiley & Sons.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 551N Course Title: Advanced Operating Systems

5
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To provide knowledge of concepts and implementation of advanced and state of the
art operating systems

No. Hours
1. Theory and implementation aspects of distributed operating systems, 6
concept of object model for to operating system design.
2. Process synchronization in multiprocessing and multiprogramming 6
systems, analysis of multiprogramming system performance,
multiprocessor synchronization, multiprocessor scheduling.
3. Inter-process communication, remote procedure call, name services; Co- 6
ordination in large distributed systems: Time, coordination and agreement.
4. Distributed resource management, distributed file systems, virtual 5
memory and networking, applications.
5. Fundamentals of real time operating systems, real time multitasking, 7
embedded application, preemptive task scheduling, inter-task
communication and synchronization.
6. Information management in distributed systems, security, integrity and 6
concurrency problems.
7. Fault tolerance issues and solutions in operating systems, hot plugging, 6
hot swap, hot spare disk.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Tanenbaum, A. S., “Distributed Operating Systems”, Prentice-Hall. 2001
2. Nutt, G., “Operating Systems”, Addison-Wesley. 2004
3. Penumuchu, C.V., “Simple Real-Time Operating System: A Kernel 2007
Inside View”, Trafford Publishing.
4. Singhal, M and Shivaratri, N.G., “Advanced Concepts in Operating 1994
Systems”, McGraw-Hill.

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 632N Course Title: RF and Microwave MEMS

00
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: EC-331, EC-332 or equivalent, and knowledge of semiconductor

physics and devices.
9. Objective: To introduce the students to the new area of Microelectromechanical Systems

(MEMS) and their applications in RF and wireless engineering.

No. Hours
1. Introduction: RF MEMS for microwave applications, MEMS technology 6
and fabrication, mechanical modeling of MEMS devices, MEMS materials
and fabrication techniques.
2. MEMS Switches: Introduction to MEMS switches; Capacitive shunt and 12
series switches: Physical description, circuit model and electromagnetic
modeling; Techniques of MEMS switch fabrication and packaging; Design
of MEMS switches.
3. Inductors and Capacitors: Micromachined passive elements; 9
Micromachined inductors: Effect of inductor layout, reduction of stray
capacitance of planar inductors, folded inductors, variable inductors and
polymer-based inductors; MEMS Capacitors: Gap-tuning and area-tuning
capacitors, dielectric tunable capacitors.
4. RF Filters and Phase Shifters: Modeling of mechanical filters, 6
micromachined filters, surface acoustic wave filters, micromachined filters
for millimeter wave frequencies; Various types of MEMS phase shifters;
Ferroelectric phase shifters.
5. Transmission Lines and Antennas: Micromachined transmission lines, 6
losses in transmission lines, coplanar transmission lines, micromachined
waveguide components; Micromachined antennas: Micromachining
techniques to improve antenna performance, reconfigurable antennas.
6. Integration and Packaging: Role of MEMS packages, types of MEMS 3
packages, module packaging, packaging materials and reliability issues.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Varadan, V.K., Vinoy, K.J. and Jose, K.J., “RF MEMS and their 2002
Applications”, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Rebeiz, G.M., “MEMS: Theory Design and Technology”, John Wiley 1999
& Sons.
3. De Los Santos, H.J, “RF MEMS Circuit Design for Wireless 1999
Communications”, Artech House.
4. Trimmer, W., “Micromechanics & MEMS”, IEEE Press. 1996
5. Madou, M., “Fundamentals of Microfabrication”, CRC Press. 1997
6. Sze, S.M., “Semiconductor Sensors”, John Wiley & Sons. 1994
NAME OF DEPT./ CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

Engg.
1. Subject Code: EC – 652N Course Title: Parallel and Distributed Algorithms

15
Autumn Spring Both
9. Objective: To provide an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of parallel and

distributed algorithms.

No. Hours
1. Introduction to data and control parallelism. 2
2. PRAM model and its variants, EREW, ERCW, CRCW, PRAM 8
algorithms, cost optimality criterion, Brent’s theorem and its
importance.
3. Processor organizations such as mesh and hypercube, embedding of 4
problem graphs into processor graphs.
4. Parallel algorithms for matrix multiplication, merging and sorting for 8
different processor organizations such as mesh and hypercube.
5. Introduction to distributed systems, synchronous / asynchronous 8
network models, leader election problem in ring and general
networks; Type of faults, fail safe systems, Byzantine faults,
distributed consensus with link and process failures.
6. Algorithms for BFS, DFS, shortest paths and spanning trees in 6
distributed systems.
7. Asynchronous networks: Broadcast and multicast, logical time, 6
global snapshot and stable properties; Network resource
allocation.
Total 42

No. Publication/
Reprint
1. Quinn, M. J., “Parallel Computing Theory & Practice”, 1994
McGraw-Hill
2. Horowitz, E., Sahni, S. and Rajasekaran, S., “Computer 2002
Algorithms: C++”, Galgotia Publications
3. Lynch, N. A., “Distributed Algorithms”, Morgan Kaufmann. 2003
4. Miller, R. and Boxer, L., “Algorithms Sequential & Parallel: A 2005
Unified Approach” , 2nd Ed., Charles River Media.

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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

1. Subject Code: EC - 342 Course Title: VLSI Technology

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 1

7. Pre-requisite: EC-242 or equivalent

8. Subject Area: DEC

9. Objective: To provide knowledge of various processes and techniques for semiconductor

10. Details of the Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

1. Subject Code: EC - 382 Course Title: Artificial Intelligence

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

8. Subject Area: DEC

10. Details of the Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

1. Subject Code: EC - 384 Course Title: Digital Image Processing

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 0 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

8. Subject Area: DEC

10. Details of the Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

Sl. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Year of

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and

1. Subject Code: EC - 413 Course Title:

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 115 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

8. Subject Area: DEC

10. Details of Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

Sl. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Year of

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

1. Subject Code: EC – 501N Course Title: Modeling and Simulation

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 115 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

7. Pre-requisite: EC - 101A / EC - 101B or equivalent

8. Subject Area: DEC

9. Objective: To acquaint the students to simulation techniques of discrete event systems.

10. Details of the Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

Sl. Name of Authors / Books / Publishers Year of

1. Subject Code: EC – 521N Course Title: Fuzzy Control

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

7. Pre-requisite: EC- 321 or equivalent

8. Subject Area: DEC

10. Details of the Course:

Sl. Contents Contact

11. Suggested Books:

NAME OF DEPT./CENTRE: Department of Electronics and Computer

1. Subject Code: EC – 522N Course Title: Digital Control Systems

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weight: CWS 15 PRS 00 MTE 35 ETE 50 PRE 00

7. Pre-requisite: EC - 321 or equivalent

8. Subject Area: DEC