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MAX1470
The MAX1470 is a fully integrated low-power CMOS ♦ Operates from a Single +3.0V to +3.6V Supply
superheterodyne receiver for use with amplitude-shift-
keyed (ASK) data in the 315MHz band. With few ♦ Built-In 53dB RF Image Rejection
required external components, and a low-current ♦ -115dBm Receive Sensitivity*
power-down mode, it is ideal for cost- and power-sensi-
tive applications in the automotive and consumer mar- ♦ 250µs Startup Time
kets. The chip consists of a 315MHz low-noise amplifier ♦ Low 5.5mA Operating Supply Current
(LNA), an image rejection mixer, a fully integrated
315MHz phase-lock-loop (PLL), a 10.7MHz IF limiting ♦ 1.25µA Low-Current Power-Down Mode for
amplifier stage with received-signal-strength indicator Efficient Power Cycling
(RSSI) and an ASK demodulator, and analog baseband ♦ 250MHz to 500MHz Operating Band (Image
data-recovery circuitry.
Rejection Optimized at 315MHz)
The MAX1470 is available in a 28-pin TSSOP package.
♦ Integrated PLL with On-Board Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO) and Loop Filter
Applications ♦ Selectable IF Bandwidth Through External Filter
Remote Keyless Entry ♦ Complete Receive System from RF to Digital Data
Garage Door Openers Out
Remote Controls *See Note 2, AC Electrical Characteristics.
Wireless Sensors
Wireless Computer Peripherals Ordering Information
Security Systems PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
Toys MAX1470EUI -40°C to +85°C 28 TSSOP
Video Game Controllers Typical Application Circuit appears at end of data sheet.
Medical Systems Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
Functional Diagram
LNAOUT MIXIN1 MIXIN2 MIXOUT IFIN1 IFIN2
6 8 9 12 17 18
IF
LIMITING
3 AMPS
LNAIN LNA
0°
Q
MAX1470
4
LNASRC 90° RSSI
I
14 DIVIDE
DVDD BY 64 VCO
DATA
FILTER
2,7 RDF2 RDF1
AVDD
PHASE LOOP 100kΩ 100kΩ
DETECTOR FILTER
13
DGND
CRYSTAL SHUTDOWN DATA
DRIVER SLICER
5,10 PEAK
AGND DETECTOR
1 28 27 25 20 19 26 21 22
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX1470
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical Application Circuit, VDD = +3.0V to +3.6V, no RF signal applied, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VDD = +3.3V, TA
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical Application Circuit, all RF inputs and outputs are referenced to 50Ω, VDD = +3.3V, TA = +25°C, fRFIN = 315MHz, unless oth-
erwise noted.) (Note 1)
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX1470
(Typical Application Circuit, all RF inputs and outputs are referenced to 50Ω, VDD = +3.3V, TA = +25°C, fRFIN = 315MHz, unless oth-
erwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Noise Figure NFLNA 2.0 dB
Power Gain 16 dB
MIXER
0.25 -
Input Impedance S11MIX Normalized to 50Ω
j2.4
Input-Referred 3rd-Order
IIP3MIX -18 dBm
Intercept
Output Impedance ZOUT_MIX 330 Ω
fRFIN = 315MHz, fRF_IMAGE = 293.6MHz (Note 4) 40 53
Image Rejection dB
fRFIN = 433.92MHz, fRF_IMAGE = 412.52MHz 39
Noise Figure NFMIX 16 dB
Conversion Gain 330Ω IF filter load 13 dB
INTERMEDIATE-FREQUENCY DEMODULATOR BLOCK
Input Impedance ZIN_IF 330 Ω
Operating Frequency fIF 10.7 MHz
RSSI Linearity ±1 dB
RSSI Dynamic Range 65 dB
PRFIN < -120dBm 1.2
RSSI Level V
PRFIN > -50dBm 2.0
DATA FILTER
Maximum Bandwidth BWDF 100 kHz
DATA SLICER
Comparator Bandwidth BWCMP 100 kHz
Maximum Load Capacitance CLOAD 10 pF
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Reference Frequency fREF 4.7547 MHz
Note 1: Parts are production tested at TA = +25°C; Min and Max values are guaranteed by design and characterization.
Note 2: BER = 2E-3, Manchester encoded, data rate = 4kbps, IF bandwidth = 350kHz.
Note 3: Input impedance is measured at the LNAIN pin. Note that the impedance includes the 15nH inductive degeneration con-
nected from the LNASRC.
Note 4: Guaranteed by production test.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
MAX1470
MAX1470 toc02
MAX1470 toc01
MAX1470 toc03
IF BANDWIDTH = 350kHz
5.9
2.0
TA = +85°C
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
5.7
BIT-ERROR RATE (%)
1.8
RSSI (V)
5.5
TA = +25°C 1 1.6
5.3
1.4
5.1
TA = -40°C
4.9 1.2
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY
vs. TEMPERATURE IMAGE REJECTION vs. TEMPERATURE SYSTEM GAIN vs. IF FREQUENCY
-116.0 60 60
MAX1470 toc04
MAX1470 toc06
MAX1470 toc05
40
55
SYSTEM GAIN (dB)
30
-117.0 53dB IMAGE
20 REJECTION
50
10
-117.5
LOWER SIDEBAND
0
-118.0 45 -10
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 10 20 30 40
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) IF FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX1470 toc08
LC TANK
FILTER TUNED 60 -50
TO 315MHz 6.7
IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE (Ω)
25
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
-100
REAL IMPEDANCE (Ω)
50 REAL IMPEDANCE
6.2
LNA GAIN (dB)
40 -150
20 5.7
30 -200
5.2
20 -250
15
4.7 10 -300
IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE
10 4.2 0 -350
250 275 300 325 350 375 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1 10 100
RF FREQUENCY (MHz) LO FREQUENCY (MHz) INDUCTIVE DEGENERATION (nH)
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX1470
(VDD = +3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical Application Circuit.)
MAX1470 toc10
MAX1470 toc11
3dB BANDWIDTH = 11.7MHz
0
NORMALIZED IF GAIN (dB)
50
30
-15
-20 20
1 10 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
IF FREQUENCY (MHz) RF FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX1470 toc13
0dB 315MHz
10dB/ 50MHz
div
315MHz,
-29.5dB
1GHz
50MHz 1GHz
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
Pin Description
MAX1470
Detailed Description and the LC tank network between the LNA output and
the mixer inputs.
The MAX1470 CMOS superheterodyne receiver and a
few external components provide the complete receive The off-chip inductive degeneration is achieved by con-
chain from the antenna to the digital output data. necting an inductor from LNASRC to AGND. This inductor
Depending on signal power and component selection, sets the real part of the input impedance at LNAIN, allow-
data rates as high as 100kbps can be achieved. ing for a more flexible match for low-input impedance
such as a PC board trace antenna. A nominal value for
The MAX1470 is designed to receive binary ASK data
this inductor with a 50Ω input impedance is 15nH, but is
on a 315MHz carrier. ASK modulation uses a difference
affected by PC board trace. See Typical Operating
in amplitude of the carrier to represent logic 0 and logic
Characteristics for the relationship between the induc-
1 data.
tance and input impedance.
Low-Noise Amplifier The LC tank filter connected to LNAOUT comprises L1
The LNA is a cascode amplifier with off-chip inductive and C9 (see Typical Applications Circuit). L1 and C9 val-
degeneration that achieves approximately 16dB of ues are selected to resonate at the RF input frequency of
power gain with a 2.0dB noise figure and an IIP3 of 315MHz. The resonant frequency is given by:
-18dBm. The gain and noise figure is dependent on
both the antenna matching network at the LNA input,
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
To allow the smallest possible IF bandwidth (for best
MAX1470
1 sensitivity), the tolerance of the reference must be mini-
ƒ =
mized.
2π L TOTAL × CTOTAL
Intermediate Frequency
The IF section presents a differential 330Ω load to pro-
where: vide matching for the off-chip ceramic filter. The inter-
nal five AC-coupled limiting amplifiers produce an
L TOTAL = L1+ LPARASITICS overall gain of approximately 65dB, with a bandpass-fil-
CTOTAL = C9 + CPARASITICS ter-type response centered near the 10.7MHz IF fre-
quency with a 3dB bandwidth of approximately
11.5MHz. The RSSI circuit demodulates the IF to base-
LPARASITICS and CPARASITICS include inductance and band by producing a DC output proportional to the log
capacitance of the PC board traces, package pins, of the IF signal level with a slope of approximately
mixer input impedance, LNA output impedance, etc. 15mV/dB (see Typical Operating Characteristics).
These parasitics at high frequencies cannot be ignored Applications Information
and can have a dramatic effect on the tank filter center
frequency. Lab experimentation should be done to opti- Crystal Oscillator
mize the center frequency of the tank. The XTAL oscillator in the MAX1470 is designed to pre-
sent a capacitance of approximately 3pF between
Mixer XTAL1 and XTAL2. If a crystal designed to oscillate
A unique feature of the MAX1470 is the integrated with a different load capacitance is used, the crystal is
image rejection of the mixer. This device was designed pulled away from its stated operating frequency, intro-
to eliminate the need for a costly front-end SAW filter for ducing an error in the reference frequency. Crystals
many applications. The advantage of not using a SAW designed to operate with higher differential load capac-
filter is increased sensitivity, simplified antenna match- itance always pull the reference frequency higher. For
ing, less board space, and lower cost. example, a 4.7547MHz crystal designed to operate
The mixer cell is a pair of double-balanced mixers that with a 10pF load capacitance oscillates at 4.7563MHz
perform an IQ downconversion of the 315MHz RF input with the MAX1470, causing the receiver to be tuned to
to the 10.7MHz IF with low-side injection (i.e., fLO = fRF 315.1MHz rather than 315.0MHz, an error of about
- fIF). The image rejection circuit then combines these 100kHz, or 320ppm.
signals to achieve ~50dB of image rejection over the In actuality, the oscillator pulls every crystal. The crys-
full temperature range. Low-side injection is required tal’s natural frequency is really below its specified fre-
due to the on-chip image-rejection architecture. The IF quency, but when loaded with the specified load
output is driven by a source-follower, biased to create a capacitance, the crystal is pulled and oscillates at its
driving impedance of 330Ω to interface with an off-chip specified frequency. This pulling is already accounted
330Ω ceramic IF filter. The voltage conversion gain dri- for in the specification of the load capacitance.
ving a 330Ω load is approximately 13dB. Additional pulling can be calculated if the electrical
Phase-Lock Loop parameters of the crystal are known. The frequency
The PLL block contains a phase detector, charge pulling is given by:
pump/integrated loop filter, VCO, asynchronous 64x
clock divider, and crystal oscillator. This PLL does not Cm 1 1 6
require any external components. The quadrature VCO ƒp = − × 10
2 Ccase + Cload Ccase + Cspec
is centered at the nominal LO frequency of 304.3MHz.
For an input RF frequency of 315MHz, a reference fre-
quency of 4.7547MHz is needed for a 10.7MHz IF fre- where:
quency (low-side injection is required). The relationship
between the RF, IF, and reference frequencies is given fp is the amount the crystal frequency is pulled in ppm.
by: Cm is the motional capacitance of the crystal.
fREF = (fRF - fIF) / 64 Ccase is the case capacitance.
Cspec is the specified load capacitance.
Cload is the actual load capacitance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
When the crystal is loaded as specified, i.e., Cload =
MAX1470
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
MAX1470
DATA
MAX1470 MAX1470 FILTER
DATA
FILTER
DATA
DATA SLICER
SLICER
25 20 19
DSN DSP
25 20 19 26
DSN DSP PDOUT
DATA OUT
R1 DATA OUT
C4 25kΩ
47nF 250kΩ 47nF
Figure 2. Generating Data Slicer Threshold Figure 3. Using PDOUT for Faster Startup
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
MAX1470
+3.3V Y1
4.7547MHz
C12
0.01µF
ANTENNA
(RFIN) 1 XTAL1 XTAL2 28
11 I.C. IFIN2 18
C3
1500pF
C6 R1
12 MIXOUT IFIN1 17 220pF 5kΩ
C4
13 DGND I.C. 16 0.47µF
14 DVDD I.C. 15
C1
0.01µF U1
10.7MHz
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
Pin Configuration
MAX1470
TOP VIEW
XTAL1 1 28 XTAL2
AVDD 2 27 PWRDN
LNAIN 3 26 PDOUT
LNASRC 4 25 DATAOUT
AGND 5 24 I.C.
MAX1470
LNAOUT 6 23 I.C.
AVDD 7 22 DF
MIXIN1 8 21 OPP
MIXIN2 9 20 DSN
AGND 10 19 DSP
I.C. 11 18 IFIN2
MIXOUT 12 17 IFIN1
DGND 13 16 I.C.
DVDD 14 15 I.C.
TSSOP
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
315MHz Low-Power, +3V Superheterodyne
Receiver
Package Information
MAX1470
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
TSSOP4.40mm.EPS
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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© 2002 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.