Madhya Pradesh is the India’s largest state.

The word Madhya Pradesh literally means central

province. Geographically, Madhya Pradesh is the heart of India. Madhya Pradesh is the
southernmost state of the landlocked states in India. The size of the state is so large that the time
is 40 minutes ahead of the local time zone in Ramanujgang, a town on the eastern border of the
State and Jabhua, on the western border. Inspite of its central position it has all the
characteristics of a marginal territory. The western region has been part of the north-south
corridor of population movement for over 4,000 years. Some of the major towns in Madhya
Pradesh are Gwalior, Bhopal, Indore and Jabalpur. Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh.
Most of the people speak Hindi or some dialect of Hindi.

The climate of Madhya Pradesh is very hot and dry in summers and pleasant in winters. So, the
best time to visit Madhya Pradesh is from September to March.

Madhya Pradesh has been a shatter belt between the northern and southern core regions of
India’s cultural development. Thus, despite its central position in South Asia it has never been the
home of the Indian empire. The state of Madhya Pradesh has been the home of some of India’s
earliest settlements. Several remains of prehistoric cultures, rock paintings and stone artifacts
were found here. The magnificent paintings and other archaeological discoveries made in rock
shelters and caves at Bhimbetka, illustrate the continuity of settlement from before the Acheulian
period to the recent historical past. The written history of Madhya Pradesh goes back to the
Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century B.C., who built a great Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi. One of the
earliest states that existed in Madhya Pradesh was Avanti of which Ujjain was capital, a part of
the 3rd to 4th century BC Mauryan Empire. From the 2nd century BC to the 16th century AD,
various dynasties ruled part or most of the state. Some of these dynasties were the Sunga
dynasty, from 73 to 185 BC in Eastern Malwa; the Andhras (Satavahanas) from 1st Century BC
to 3rd century AD and the Ksaptrapas and the Nagas, from 2nd to 4th centuries AD. The Guptas
ruled the region to the north of the Narmada, from 4th to 5th century AD and the Hunas (Huns)
struggled to seize control of Malwa during this period while in the 7th century it became part of
Harsha’s North Indian empire. In the 10th century, various dynasties controlled different parts of
the region like the Kalachuris ruled the Narmada Valley, the Paramaras ruled the south-west
Madhya Pradesh, the Kachwahas controlled around Gwalior and the Chandelas at Khajuraho.
The Paramars are often remembered for some of their great rulers and real patrons of arts like
Raja Bhoj who gave his name to Bhopal. Between 950 and 1050 AD, the Chandelas ruled the
north-eastern parts of Madhya Pradesh and gave India its famous temples of Khajuraho-a place
which remained hidden from the world for a few centuries. Later the Tomaras took Gwalior.
Gwalior was conquered by the Muslims in the 11th century. The Delhi Sultanate incorporated
Hindu domains in 1231 and the Khalji dynasty took Malwa. Akbar annexed this into his empire in
the mid 16th century. The Scindia and Holkar dynasties of Marathas established independent rule
at Gwalior and Indore. In 1817-18, territories known as the ‘Saugor-Nerbudda’ were ceded to the
British. To the north and west, the Central India Agency was formed in 1854 and comprised of
Malwa, Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. Other districts were added in 1860 and the region came
to be known as the Central Provinces. Berar was added in 1903. On independence, the Central
Provinces and Berar became Madhya Pradesh. The Central India Agency was first divided into
Madhya Bharat (Middle India) and Vindhya Pradesh (Vindhya Provinces) and then added to
Madhya Pradesh..

Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the former British Central Provinces and Berar and
the princely states of Makrai and Chhattisgarh, with Nagpur as the capital of the state. The new
states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were formed out of the Central India
Agency. In 1956, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into
Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur,
was ceded to Bombay state.Jabalpur was selected to be the capital but due to some political
pressure Bhopal, a tehsil of Sehore District was made the capital just at the last moment. Thus,
Bhopal became the new capital of the state. Madhya Pradesh, in its present form, came into
existence on 1 November 2000, following its bifurcation to create a new state of Chhattisgarh.
The undivided Madhya Pradesh was founded on 1 November 1956. Madhya Pradesh, because
of its central location in India, has remained a crucible of historical currents from North, South,
East and West.

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