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addressing
THEORY :
Netid Hostid
Class A 1 3
Class B 2 2
Class C 3 1
Class D Multicast address Multicast address
Class E Reserved for future Reserved for future
use use
SUBNETTING:
In subnetting, a network is divided into several smaller sub
networks(subnets) with each sub network having its own sub network address.
Subnetting increases the length of netid & decreases length of
hosted. When a network is subnetted, the first address in the subnet is the identifier
of subnet & is used by the router to route packets designed for that sub network
and uses the procedure : ANDing the given address with the subnet mask. We can
calculate the subnetid for each subnetwork as
nsub= n + log2S
Where n is the length of netid, nsub is length of each subnetid and S is
the no. of subnets which must be a power of 2.
EXAMPLE:
Following figure shows a network using class B address before
subnetting. We have just one network with almost 2^16 hosts. The whole network
is connected, through one single connection to one of the routers in the internet.
Note that we have shown /16 to show the length of the netid.
SWITC
H
To other To
other
network network
Following figure shows the same network after subnetting. The whole network is still
connected to the Internet through same router. However the network has used a
private router to divide the network into four subnetworks. Each subnetwork can
now have almost 2^14 hosts. Note that /16 and /18 show the length of the netid
and subnetid.
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
141.14.255.254
Subnet 3
Subnet 4
Networ
k 141.14.0.0/16
Internet router
SUPERNETTING:
In supernetting, several networks are combined to create a
supernetwork. A supernet mask is reverse of a subnet mask. A supernet mask for
class C has less 1’s than the default mask.
In supernetting, the no. of class C addresses that can be
combined to make a supernet needs to be a power of 2, which means that an
organization needing 7 blocks should be granted atleast 8 blocks(address wasting).
Another problem is , it really complicated the routing of packets
in the Internet.
The length of supernetid can be found by
nsuper=n- log2C
where n super is length of supernetid in bits, C is the no. of class C
blocks that are combined.
EXAMPLE:
Following figure shows the difference between a subnet mask and a
supernet mask. A subnet mask that divides a block into eight subblocks has three
more 1s (2^3= 8) than the default mask; a supernet mask that combines eight
blocks into one superblock has three less 1s than the default mask.