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Upper Limbs – Bones of the Upper Limbs
Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the
girdles by which they are attached to the body
o Pectoral girdle: upper limbs
o Pelvic girdle: lower limbs
Pectoral Girdle
Consists of the scapulae and clavicles
Scapula
o Articulates with the humerus (at the glenoid cavity) and
the clavicle (at the acromion)
o Attachment site for shoulder, back and arm muscles
Clavicle
o Holds the shoulder away from the body and allows
movement of the scapula, resulting in free movement
of the arm
Upper Limb
The arm bone is the humerus
o Articulates with the scapula (head), the radius (capitulum), and the ulna (trochlea)
o Sites of muscle attachment are the greater and lesser tubercles, the deltoid tuberosity, and the epicondyles
The forearm contains the ulna and radius
o The ulna and radius articulate with each other and with the humerus and wrist bones
o The wrist ligaments attach to the styloid processes of the radius and ulna
Wrist and Hand
Eight carpal, or wrist, bones are arranged in two rows
The hand consists of five metacarpal bones
The phalanges are digital bones
o Each finger has three phalanges
o The thumb has two phalanges