A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ON PERFORMANCE OF MUTUAL

FUND WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO RELIANCE MUTUAL
FUNDS”

(In partial fulfillment for the award of degree of)

Master of Business Administration
OF
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Mrs. Preeti Gupta Rashmi Singh
Asst. Professor MBA – IV Sem

SUBODH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT&CAREER

STUDIES, JAIPUR
(2009-2010)
 STUDENT DECLARATION

I, Rashmi Singh hereby that I have completed the project report entitled “customer
perception on performance of mutual fund with special reference to reliance mutual
funds” from R.M.F Jaipur.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of masters of business
administrative of RTU, Kota is my original work and not submitted for the reward of any
degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar title and it will not be used elsewhere.

I further declare that the information presented in this project is true and original to the best
of my knowledge.

Date: Rashmi Singh

Place: Jaipur (MBA IV Sem)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am indeed very happy to acknowledge the numerous personalities involved in lending

their help to make my project a successful one.

Firstly, I would like to thank Reliance Mutual Fund for providing me the opportunity to work
on this project.

I would like to thank my corporate guide Mr. H. S. Chauhan and all other staff of Reliance
Money for helping me in learning the lessons of professional management. His able
guidance and valuable inputs have helped me a lot in successfully completing this project.

I express my sincere gratitude to my institute guide Mrs. Preeti Gupta who took a lot of
personal interest in supervising this project and guiding me. She has been a great source of
inspiration in the task of completion of this project work. Her profound advice, timely
guidance has been of immense value to me.

I express my thanks to all the members of Reliance Mutual Fund, who gave me full
fledged support throughout my project. I express my gratitude to all those people, who have
directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of this project

Rashmi Singh
MBA IV Sem
 PREFACE

Recently from the past few years, the financial service sector industry has shown a rapid
rising trend. With the advent and augmentation of several privately sponsored higher return
financial products viz. unit linked life insurance, mutual funds, post office etc. Are turning
the investors towards themselves than to the schemes of investing in security markets. In
the present economic scenario, the investor has wide options available that are safe and
give reasonable return too. This has been major factor in popularity of mutual funds, ULIPs,
Securities, Post Office deposits, NSC etc.

Reliance Mutual Fund is one of the largest market players in India’s Mutual Fund Industry’s.
Right from its launch it has made an impression in market and become successful only in
10 Years. Indeed, Mutual Fund is growing and accepting in present scenario since people
is realizing risk coverage but also as a potential investment opportunity. This project is an
effort to study of the “customer perception on performance of mutual fund with special
reference to reliance mutual funds” like real state, equity, fixed deposit in the market as
well as to study its financial performance in the financial market.
 CONTENTS

COVER PAGE
STUDENT DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PREFACE

Page No.

1. INDUSTRY PROFILE 1

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION 44

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 68
3.1. TITLE OF THE STUDY 68
3.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 68
3.3. TYPE OF RESEARCH 69
3.4. SAMPLE SIZE AND METHOD OF SELECTING SAMPLE 70
3.5. SCOPE OF STUDY 72
3.6. LIMITATION OF STUDY 73

4. FACTS AND FINDINGS 74

5. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 76
6. SWOT ANALYSIS 94
7. CONCLUSIONS 96
8. RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS 97
9. APPENDIX 100
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 105
CHAPTER 1 - INDUSTRY PROFILE

1.1 OVERVIEW OF MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

1.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO MUTUAL FUNDS

Mutual fund is a trust that pools money from a group of investors (sharing common financial
goals) and invest the money thus collected into asset classes that match the stated
investment objectives of the scheme. Since the stated investment objectives of a mutual
fund scheme generally form the basis for an investor's decision to contribute money to the
pool, a mutual fund can not deviate from its stated objectives at any point of time.

Every Mutual Fund is managed by a fund manager, who using his investment management
skills and necessary research works ensures much better return than what an investor can
manage on his own. The capital appreciation and other incomes earned from these
investments are passed on to the investors (also known as unit holders) in proportion of the
number of units they own.

1
When an investor subscribes for the units of a mutual fund, he becomes part owner of the
assets of the fund in the same proportion as his contribution amount put up with the corpus
(the total amount of the fund). Mutual Fund investor is also known as mutual fund
shareholder or a unit holder. Any change in the value of the investments made into capital
market instruments (such as shares, debentures etc) is reflected in the Net Asset Value
(NAV) of the scheme. NAV is defined as the market value of the Mutual Funds scheme's
assets net of its liabilities. NAV of a scheme is calculated by dividing the market value of
scheme's assets by the total number of units issued to the investors.

Structure of a Mutual Fund

2
TYPES OF MUTUAL FUNDS

There are many types of mutual funds available to the investor. However, these different types of
funds can be grouped into certain classifications for better understanding.

3
WORKING OF MUTUAL FUNDS

4
1.1.2 HISTORY OF INDIAN MUTUAL FUND

The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at
the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual
funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases

First Phase – 1964-87

Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by
the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control
of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and the Industrial
Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in
place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988
UTI had Rs.6,700 crores of assets under management.

Second Phase – 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds)

1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector
banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of
India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987
followed by Can bank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89),
Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund
(Oct 92). LIC established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund
in December 1990.

5
At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47,004
crores.

Third Phase – 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds)

With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund
industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year
in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds,
except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now
merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July
1993.

The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive and
revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI
(Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996.

The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds
setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and
acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of
Rs. 1,21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44,541 crores of assets under
management was way ahead of other mutual funds.

Fourth Phase – since February 2003

In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated
into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with
assets under management of Rs.29,835 crores as at the end of January 2003, representing
broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured return and certain other schemes. The
Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an administrator and under
the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the purview of the
Mutual Fund Regulations.

The second is the UTI Mutual Fund, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered
with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the
erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76,000 crores of assets under
management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual
Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different private sector
funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.
6
The graph indicates the growth of assets over the years.

GROWTH IN ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT

1.1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS

Wide variety of Mutual Fund Schemes exists to cater to the needs such as financial
position, risk tolerance and return expectations etc. thus mutual funds has Variety of

7
flavors, Being a collection of many stocks, an investors can go for picking a mutual fund
might be easy. There are over hundreds of mutual funds scheme to choose from. It is
easier to think of mutual funds in categories, mentioned below.

BY STRUCTURE

⇒ Open-end fund:

The term mutual fund is the common name for what is classified as an open-end
investment company by the SEC. Being open-ended means that, at the end of every
day, the fund issues new shares to investors and buys back shares from investors
wishing to leave the fund.

Mutual funds must be structured as corporations or trusts, such as business trusts, and
any corporation or trust will be classified by the SEC as an investment company if it
issues securities and primarily invests in non-government securities. An investment
company will be classified by the SEC as an open-end investment company if they do
not issue undivided interests in specified securities (the defining characteristic of unit
investment trusts or UITs) and if they issue redeemable securities. Registered
investment companies that are not UITs or open-end investment companies are closed-
end funds. Neither UITs nor closed-end funds are mutual funds (as that term is used in
the US).

8
⇒ Close-ended Fund/ Scheme:

A close-ended fund or scheme has a stipulated maturity period e.g. 5-7 years. The fund
is open for subscription only during a specified period at the time of launch of the
scheme. Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and
thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where
the units are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended
funds give an option of selling back the units to the mutual fund through periodic
repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI Regulations stipulate that at least one of the
two exit routes is provided to the investor i.e. either repurchase facility or through listing
on stock exchanges. These mutual funds schemes disclose NAV generally on weekly
basis

⇒ Interval Schemes:

Interval Schemes are that scheme, which combines the features of open-ended and
close-ended schemes. The units may be traded on the stock exchange or may be open
for sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV related prices.

9
The risk return trade-off indicates that if investor is willing to take higher risk then
correspondingly he can expect higher returns and vise versa if he pertains to lower risk
instruments, which would be satisfied by lower returns. For example, if an investors opt
for bank FD, which provide moderate return with minimal risk. But as he moves ahead to
invest in capital protected funds and the profit-bonds that give out more return which is
slightly higher as compared to the bank deposits but the risk involved also increases in
the same proportion.

Thus investors choose mutual funds as their primary means of investing, as Mutual
funds provide professional management, diversification, convenience and liquidity. That
doesn’t mean mutual fund investments risk free. This is because the money that is
pooled in are not invested only in debts funds which are less riskier but are also
invested in the stock markets which involves a higher risk but can expect higher returns.
Hedge fund involves a very high risk since it is mostly traded in the derivatives market
which is considered very volatile.
10
BY NATURE

⇒ Equity (Stock or Income) Funds:

Funds that invest in stocks represent the largest category of mutual funds. Generally,
the investment objective of this class of funds is long-term capital growth with some
income. There are, however, many different types of equity funds because there are
many different types of equities. A great way to understand the universe of equity funds
is to use a style box, an example of which is below.

The idea is to classify funds based on both the size of the companies invested in and
the investment style of the manager. The term value refers to a style of investing that
looks for high quality companies that are out of favor with the market. These companies
are characterized by low P/E and price-to-book ratios and high dividend yields. The
opposite of value is growth, which refers to companies that have had (and are expected
to continue to have) strong growth in earnings, sales and cash flow. A compromise
between value and growth is blend, which simply refers to companies that are neither
value nor growth stocks and are classified as being somewhere in the middle.

⇒ Debt funds:

The objective of these Funds is to invest in debt papers. Government authorities, private
companies, banks and financial institutions are some of the major issuers of debt
papers. By investing in debt instruments, these funds ensure low risk and provide stable
income to the investors. Debt funds are further classified as:

⇒ Gilt Funds:

11
Invest their corpus in securities issued by Government, popularly known as Government
of India debt papers. These Funds carry zero Default risk but are associated with
Interest Rate risk. These schemes are safer as they invest in papers backed by
Government.

⇒ Income Funds:

Invest a major portion into various debt instruments such as bonds, corporate
debentures and Government securities.

⇒ MIPs:

Invests maximum of their total corpus in debt instruments while they take minimum
exposure in equities. It gets benefit of both equity and debt market. These scheme ranks
slightly high on the risk-return matrix when compared with other debt schemes.

⇒ Short Term Plans (STPs):

Meant for investment horizon for three to six months. These funds primarily invest in
short term papers like Certificate of Deposits (CDs) and Commercial Papers (CPs).
Some portion of the corpus is also invested in corporate debentures.

⇒ Liquid Funds:

Also known as Money Market Schemes, These funds provides easy liquidity and
preservation of capital. These schemes invest in short-term instruments like Treasury
Bills, inter-bank call money market, CPs and CDs. These funds are meant for short-term
cash management of corporate houses and are meant for an investment horizon of
1day to 3 months. These schemes rank low on risk-return matrix and are considered to
be the safest amongst all categories of mutual funds.

⇒ Balanced funds:

As the name suggest they, are a mix of both equity and debt funds. They invest in both
equities and fixed income securities, which are in line with pre-defined investment
objective of the scheme. These schemes aim to provide investors with the best of both
the worlds. Equity part provides growth and the debt part provides stability in returns.
12
 Further the mutual funds can be broadly classified on the basis of investment
parameter viz.
Each category of funds is backed by an investment philosophy, which is pre-defined in
the objectives of the fund. The investor can align his own investment needs with the
funds objective and invest accordingly.

BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

⇒ Growth Schemes:

Growth Schemes are also known as equity schemes. The aim of these schemes is to
provide capital appreciation over medium to long term. These schemes normally invest
a major part of their fund in equities and are willing to bear short-term decline in value
for possible future appreciation.

⇒ Income Schemes:

Income Schemes are also known as debt schemes. The aim of these schemes is to
provide regular and steady income to investors. These schemes generally invest in fixed
income securities such as bonds and corporate debentures. Capital appreciation in such
schemes may be limited.

⇒ Balanced Schemes:

Balanced Schemes aim to provide both growth and income by periodically distributing a
part of the income and capital gains they earn. These schemes invest in both shares
and fixed income securities, in the proportion indicated in their offer documents
(normally 50:50).

⇒ Money Market Schemes:

Money Market Schemes aim to provide easy liquidity, preservation of capital and
moderate income. These schemes generally invest in safer, short-term instruments,
such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank call
money.

OTHER SCHEMES

13
 ⇒ Tax Saving Schemes:

Tax-saving schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under tax laws prescribed from
time to time. Under Sec.88 of the Income Tax Act, contributions made to any Equity
Linked Savings Scheme (ELSS) are eligible for rebate.

⇒ Index Schemes:

Index schemes attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index such as the
BSE Sensex or the NSE 50. The portfolio of these schemes will consist of only those
stocks that constitute the index. The percentage of each stock to the total holding will be
identical to the stocks index weight age. And hence, the returns from such schemes
would be more or less equivalent to those of the Index.

⇒ Sector Specific Schemes

These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or
industries as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast
Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds
are dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these
funds may give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds.
Investors need to keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must
exit at an appropriate time.

1.1.4 ADVANTAGES OF INVESTING IN MUTUAL FUNDS

The advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund extending PMS to the small

investors are as under:

14
 Professional Management-
The investor avails of the services of experienced and skilled professionals who are
backed by a dedicated investment research team, which analyses the performance
and prospects of companies and selects suitable investments to achieve the
objectives of the scheme.

 Diversification-
Mutual Funds invest in a number of companies across a broad cross-section of
industries and sectors. This diversification reduces the risk because seldom do all
stocks decline at the same time and in the same proportion. You achieve this
diversification through a Mutual Fund with far less money than you can do on your
own.

 Convenient Administration –
Investing in a Mutual Fund reduces paperwork and helps you avoid many problems
such as bad deliveries, delayed payments and unnecessary follow up with brokers
and companies. Mutual Funds save your time and make investing easy and
convenient.

 Return Potential Over a medium to long-term –

Mutual Funds have the potential to provide a higher return as they invest in a
diversified basket of selected securities.

 Low Costs - Mutual Funds are a relatively less expensive way to invest compared to
directly investing in the capital markets because the benefits of scale in brokerage,
custodial and other fees translate into lower costs for investors.

 Liquidity-
In open-ended schemes, you can get your money back promptly at net asset value
related prices from the Mutual Fund itself. With close-ended schemes, you can sell
your units on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price or avail of the facility of

15
 direct repurchase at NAV related prices which some close-ended and interval
schemes offer you periodically.

 Transparency-
You get regular information on the value of your investment in addition to disclosure
on the specific investments made by your scheme, the proportion invested in each
class of assets and the fund manager's investment strategy and outlook.

 Flexibility-
Through features such as regular investment plans, regular withdrawal plans and
dividend reinvestment plans, you can systematically invest or withdraw funds
according to your needs and convenience.

 Choice of Schemes-
Mutual Funds offers a family of schemes to suit your varying needs over a lifetime.

 Well Regulated-
All Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI and they function within the provisions of
strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors. The operations of
Mutual Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI.

1.1.5 DISADVANTAGES IN INVESTING IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Professional Management: Some funds doesn’t perform in neither the market, as their
management is not dynamic enough to explore the available opportunity in the market, thus
many investors debate over whether or not the so-called professionals are any better than
mutual fund or investor himself, for picking up stocks.

Costs: The biggest source of AMC income is generally from the entry & exit load which
they charge from investors, at the time of purchase. The mutual fund industries are thus
charging extra cost under layers of jargon.

16
Dilution: Because funds have small holdings across different companies, high returns from
a few investments often don't make much difference on the overall return. Dilution is also
the result of a successful fund getting too big. When money pours into funds that have had
strong success, the manager often has trouble finding a good investment for all the new
money.

Taxes: when making decisions about your money, fund managers don't consider your
personal tax situation. For example, when a fund manager sells a security, a capital-gain
tax is triggered, which affects how profitable the individual is from the sale. It might have
been more advantageous for the individual to defer the capital gains liability.

1.2 MAJOR MUTUAL FUNDS COMPANIES IN INDIA

The concept of mutual funds in India dates back to the year 1963. The era between 1963
and 1987 marked the existence of only one mutual fund company in India with Rs. 67bn
assets under management (AUM), by the end of its monopoly era, the Unit Trust of India
(UTI). By the end of the 80s decade, few other mutual fund companies in India took their
position in mutual fund market.

The new entries of mutual fund companies in India were SBI Mutual Fund, Can bank
Mutual Fund, Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund, Indian Bank Mutual Fund.

17
The succeeding decade showed a new horizon in Indian mutual fund industry. By the end
of 1993, the total AUM of the industry was Rs. 470.04 bn. The private sector funds started
penetrating the fund families. In the same year the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into
existence with re-registering all mutual funds except UTI. The regulations were further given
a revised shape in 1996.Kothari Pioneer was the first private sector mutual fund company in
India which has now merged with Franklin Templeton. Just after ten years with private
sector player’s penetration, the total assets rose up to Rs. 1218.05 bn. Today there are 33
mutual fund companies in India.

1.2.1 ABN AMRO Mutual Fund

ABN AMRO Mutual Fund was setup on April 15, 2004 with ABN AMRO Trustee (India) Pvt.
Ltd. as the Trustee Company. The AMC, ABN AMRO Asset Management (India) Ltd. was
incorporated on November 4, 2003. Deutsche Bank A G is the custodian of ABN AMRO
Mutual Fund.

1.2.2 Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund

Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund is the joint venture of Aditya Birla Group and Sun Life Financial.
Sun Life Financial is a global organization evolved in 1871 and is being represented in
Canada, the US, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia and Bermuda apart from India. Birla Sun
Life Mutual Fund follows a conservative long-term approach to investment. Recently it
crossed AUM of Rs. 10,000 crores.

1.2.3 HDFC Mutual Fund

HDFC Mutual Fund was setup on June 30, 2000 with two sponsors namely Housing
Development Finance Corporation Limited and Standard Life Investments Limited.

1.2.4 HSBC Mutual Fund

HSBC Mutual Fund was setup on May 27, 2002 with HSBC Securities and Capital Markets
(India) Private Limited as the sponsor. Board of Trustees, HSBC Mutual Fund acts as the
Trustee Company of HSBC Mutual Fund.

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1.2.5 ING Vysya Mutual Fund

ING Vysya Mutual Fund was setup on February 11, 1999 with the same named Trustee
Company. It is a joint venture of Vysya and ING. The AMC, ING Investment Management
(India) Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated on April 6, 1998.

1.2.6 Prudential ICICI Mutual Fund

The mutual fund of ICICI is a joint venture with Prudential Plc. of America, one of the largest
life insurance companies in the US of A. Prudential ICICI Mutual Fund was setup on 13th of
October, 1993 with two sponsors, Prudential Plc. and ICICI Ltd. The Trustee Company
formed is Prudential ICICI Trust Ltd. and the AMC is Prudential ICICI Asset Management
Company Limited incorporated on 22nd of June, 1993.

1.2.7 State Bank of India Mutual Fund

State Bank of India Mutual Fund is the first Bank sponsored Mutual Fund to launch offshore
fund, the India Magnum Fund with a corpus of Rs. 225 cr. approximately. Today it is the
largest Bank sponsored Mutual Fund in India. They have already launched 35 Schemes out
of which 15 have already yielded handsome returns to investors. State Bank of India Mutual
Fund has more than Rs. 5,500 Crores as AUM. Now it has an investor base of over 8 Lakhs
spread over 18 schemes.

1.2.8 Tata Mutual Fund

Tata Mutual Fund (TMF) is a Trust under the Indian Trust Act, 1882. The sponsors for Tata
Mutual Fund are Tata Sons Ltd., and Tata Investment Corporation Ltd. The investment
manager is Tata Asset Management Limited and its Tata Trustee Company Pvt. Limited.
Tata Asset Management Limited's is one of the fastest in the country with more than Rs.
7,703 crores (as on April 30, 2005) of AUM.

1.2.9 Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund

Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company (KMAMC) is a subsidiary of KMBL. It is

presently having more than 1, 99,818 investors in its various schemes. KMAMC started its
operations in December 1998. Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund offers schemes catering to
investors with varying risk - return profiles. It was the first company to launch dedicated gilt
scheme investing only in government securities.

19
1.2.10 Unit Trust of India Mutual Fund

UTI Asset Management Company Private Limited, established in Jan 14, 2003, manages
the UTI Mutual Fund with the support of UTI Trustee Company Private Limited. UTI Asset
Management Company presently manages a corpus of over Rs.20000 Crore. The sponsors
of UTI Mutual Fund are Bank of Baroda (BOB), Punjab National Bank (PNB), State Bank of
India (SBI), and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The schemes of UTI Mutual Fund
are Liquid Funds, Income Funds, Asset Management Funds, Index Funds, Equity Funds
and Balance Funds.

1.2.11 Reliance Mutual Fund

Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) was established as trust under Indian Trusts Act, 1882. The
sponsor of RMF is Reliance Capital Limited and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited is the
Trustee. It was registered on June 30, 1995 as Reliance Capital Mutual Fund which was
changed on March 11, 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was formed for launching of various
schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to contribute to the capital
market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified
securities.

1.2.12 Standard Chartered Mutual Fund

Standard Chartered Mutual Fund was set up on March 13, 2000 sponsored by Standard
Chartered Bank. The Trustee is Standard Chartered Trustee Company Pvt. Ltd. Standard
Chartered Asset Management Company Pvt. Ltd. is the AMC which was incorporated with
SEBI on December 20, 1999.

1.2.13 Franklin Templeton India Mutual Fund

The group, Franklin Templeton Investments is a California (USA) based company with a
global AUM of US$ 409.2 bn (as of April 30, 2005). It is one of the largest financial services
groups in the world. Investors can buy or sell the Mutual Fund through their financial
advisor or mail or through their website. They have Open end Diversified Equity schemes,
Open end Sector Equity schemes, Open end Hybrid schemes, Open end Tax Saving
schemes, Open end Income and Liquid schemes, closed end Income schemes and Open
end Fund of Funds schemes to offer.

1.2.14 Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund India

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Morgan Stanley is a worldwide financial services company and its leading in the market in
securities, investment management and credit services. Morgan Stanley Investment
Management (MISM) was established in the year 1975. It provides customized asset
management services and products to governments, corporations, pension funds and non-
profit organizations. Its services are also extended to high net worth individuals and retail
investors. In India it is known as Morgan Stanley Investment Management Private Limited
(MSIM India) and its AMC is Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund (MSMF). This is the first close
end diversified equity scheme serving the needs of Indian retail investors focusing on a
long-term capital appreciation.

1.2.15 LIC Mutual Fund

Life Insurance Corporation of India set up LIC Mutual Fund on 19th June 1989. It
contributed Rs. 2 Crores towards the corpus of the Fund. LIC Mutual Fund was constituted
as a Trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trust Act, 1882. . The Company
started its business on 29th April 1994. The Trustees of LIC Mutual Fund have appointed
Jeevan Bima Sahayog Asset Management Company Ltd as the Investment Managers for
LIC Mutual Fund.

1.3 MUTUAL FUNDS ?

1.3.1 WHY SHOULD INVESTORS INVEST IN MUTUAL FUNDS ?

An investors avails of the services of experienced and skilled professionals who are backed
by a dedicated investment research team that analyses the performance and prospects of
companies and selects suitable investments to achieve the objectives of the scheme.

 Mutual funds invest in a number of across a broad cross section of industries and
sectors. This diversification reduces the risk because seldom all the stock’s decline
at the same time and same proportion.

21
  Investing in mutual funds reduces paper work and helps an investor avoid many
problems such as bad deliveries, delayed payment and unnecessary follow up with
brokers and companies. Mutual funds save your time and make investing easy and
convenient.

 Over a medium to long term, mutual funds have the potential to provide a higher
return as they invest in a diversified basket of selected securities.

 Mutual funds are relatively less expensive way to invest compared to directly
investing in capital markets because the benefits of scale in brokerage, custodial and
other fees are translated into lower costs for investors.

 In open ended schemes , investors can get their money back at net assets value
related price .an investor can sell the units on a stock exchange at the prevailing
market price or avail of the fielding of direct repurchase at NAV related prices which
some close ended and interval schemes offer an investor periodically.

 Investors get regular information on the value of investment in disclosure on the

specific investments made by the investor’s schemes.

 Investors can invest or withdraw funds according to their needs and convenience.

 All mutual funds are registered with SEBI and they function within the provisions of
strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors.

EFFICIENCY OF MUTUAL FUNDS

The efficiency of mutual funds should be judged by the following factors. The test of
efficiency or a good mutual fund shall compromise of evaluation of a mutual fund on:

 Stability: - whether a mutual fund is stable or not so far as its schemes are
concerned.

 Liquidity: - whether the schemes offer liquidity by way of their listing on stock
exchange.

22
  Growth: - whether the mutual funds offer increase in net asset value, consistent
growth in dividend and capital appreciation.

 Credibility: - previous track record of issuer.

 Returns: - assured or otherwise.

 Management approach: - risk –taking, portfolio, diversification, return

maximization, bonus etc.

1.3.2 HOW DO WE CHOOSE THE MUTUAL FUNDS

 Draw down your investment objective. There are various schemes suitable for
different needs. For example retirement plan, capital growth etc. Also get clear about
your time frame for investment and returns. Equity funds are not advisable for short
term because of their long term nature. You can consider money market and floating
rate funds for short term gains. This equals asking - What kind of mutual fund is right
for me?

 Once you have decided on a plan or a couple of them, collect as much information
as possible on them from different sources offering them. Funds' prospectus and
advisors may help you in this.

 Pick out companies consistently performing above average. Mutual funds industry
indices are helpful in comparing different funds as well as different plans offered by
them. Some of the industry standard fund indices are Nassau 100, Russel 2000,
S&P fund index and DSI index with the latter rating the Socially Responsible Funds
only. Also best mutual funds draw good results despite market volatility.

 Get a clear picture of fees & associated cost, taxes (for non-tax free funds) for all
your short listed funds and how they affect your returns. Best mutual funds have
lower cost out go.

 Best mutual funds maximize returns and minimize risks. A number called as Sharpe
Ratio explains whether a fund is risk free based on its expected returns compared
against a risk free money market fund.

23
  Some funds have the advantage of low minimum initial investments. You can start
investing even with $250 a month. This is advisable for building asset bases over a
long period with small regular investments.

1.3.3 THINGS KEPT IN MIND BEFORE INVESTING

PROSPECTUS

By law, you should receive a prospectus from the fund company before you invest in it.
Many investors ignore the prospectus, but this is a must read. The mutual fund's objectives
are displayed in the prospectus. It tells you the goals of the fund and how it intends to
achieve them. You will also find information about the fund's past performance and fees.

Mutual Fund Families

Mutual Fund Glossary

Mutual Fund Fees

The fees are displayed in the prospectus as well as on many mutual fund research sites.
Try to buy funds with low expense ratios and certainly avoid 12b-fees. I have yet to hear a
valid argument on why you should ever buy a loaded fund. A loaded fund is a fund that
carries front-end loads, back-end loads or deferred loads. These loads are basically sales
charges. There are plenty of no-load funds to meet your objectives.

GROWTH IN MUTUAL FUNDS SECTOR

“Mutual funds are shuddering at the prospect of an economic recovery. But they have
enough time to consolidate their client base.”

The Smart Investor Team

Normally a recovery means good news for all, consumers, manufacturers and service
providers. But hold on. Mutual funds aren't very enthusiastic, though. Why? Because, the
biggest investors in the domestic mutual fund industry today are large corporate and banks.

These investors have put in more than 50 per cent of total assets of the industry. And, a
24
recovery means that corporate may pull out their money to invest in their core activities.
Similarly, a revival in credit demand on the back of a recovery means that banks may need
to pull out their investments from mutual funds to meet the demand.

That's perhaps why mutual funds are pulling such long faces at the prospect of a recovery.
What if the economy recovers and corporate go on a spending spree? Capacity
expansions, merger and acquisition activity and better credit demand would require
corporate and banks to encash their existing investments to plough back in their core
business.

Obviously, there is a strong possibility of large scale redemptions. While fund companies
see this issue as a matter of concern, they are optimistic about guarding their current
assets. Says Ved Prakash Chaturvedi, chief executive officer, Tata TDW Mutual Fund,
"Despite an economic recovery, the fund industry should be able to retain and in fact, grow
its assets."

Is an economic recovery underway? The outlook on the economy is pretty much positive
and economists are predicting a wide-ranging recovery led by an increase in domestic
consumer demand.

According to the latest data released by the Central Statistical Organization (CSO), the
Indian economy grew 4.3 per cent in 2008-09. With the manufacturing and services sectors
growing at 6.0 per cent and 7.1 per cent respectively, the poor performance of the
agriculture sector dragged down the overall growth. Growth in the agricultural sector
declined 3.2 per cent last fiscal. The growth in manufacturing industry was led by buoyant
exports and a boost to construction activity.

This year, again, the manufacturing sector is expected to grow at a faster clip. The overall
manufacturing outsourcing story should mean more business for Indian manufacturing
companies too.

Construction is again going to be a key driver. So sectors like steel and cement have
already seen a quantum jump in demand and many loss-making companies such as Ispat,
Essar, and the Jindal group have turned profitable. Similarly, many other sectors such as
consumer durables and textiles are seeing demand-led growth. Many of these corporate

25
houses are thus focusing on the longer-term targets. Some sectors like steel are already
talking of capacity expansion and green field projects. Others like cement have been seeing
consolidation. However, as Sanjeev Bafna, senior vice-president.

Corporate finance, Grasim Industries says "It will take 1-2 years for the Indian industry to
start committing funds into expansions."

But whenever it happens, will corporate queue up for redemptions? And secondly, will
banks and financial institutions, which have invested their surplus funds in mutual funds on
the back of poor credit off take in the last couple of years, divert their money into lending?

The latter, of course, is a definite possibility. Last year, lending behemoth IDBI was among
the biggest investors in mutual funds. Others such as ICICI bank and HDFC also figured in
the list of biggest investors.

While Reliance Industries was one of the largest investors in mutual funds, mutual fund
sources say that some of the other big investors are from the banking industry. For
instance, both IDBI and SIDBI are said to have a considerable exposure in rolling over
surplus funds in mutual funds. Other big players in the sector include the Finolex Group,
ICICI Bank, Bank of India, Central bank and LIC Housing Finance.

Clearly, a lot depends on the outlook for the economy. Any revival will result in an increase
in credit off take and thus, funds will have to be redirected from the market to industry. But
the probability of that happening in the near-term is bleak: there is a huge amount of
liquidity in the banking sector, and further rate cuts will only add to it.

But corporate money pulling out may not be that big a threat. Here is why. Companies
typically park their surplus cash in treasury instruments (liquid fund schemes). And, they
deploy money considered surplus in a slightly longer horizon into medium term funds.
Industry experts feel that the economic recovery will have no impact on the flows into liquid
funds.

As a matter of fact, improved cash flow for corporate will only increases the popularity of
liquid funds. Even more, they say that today financially healthy corporate will find it less
prudent to pull out money from investments like mutual funds to fund expansions because
borrowed funds are so cheap.

Also, capital expenditure is never lumped together but is spread over a period of time and
26
prudence requires a judicious mix of debt and equity depending on the project size, horizon
of returns, gestation period etc. Hence there will not be any sudden withdrawal of funds
from the market. Such expenditure is planned in advance and as result, a company cannot
take the risk of a sudden withdrawal of its investment.

Opportunity cost of money

To get a feel of this, look at the opportunity cost of money. Currently, companies have
witnessed around a 500-600 basis points reduction in interest costs on long-term debt from
about 16 per cent-plus in 1998-99 to about 10 per cent now, and even lesser for top rated
corporate, which can raise money at around 5.5-6.0 per cent per annum. As a result, it is
much more attractive to fund investments by taking on additional debt while continuing to
earning a higher return from deploying internal cash into market instruments such as mutual
funds.

Arbitrage between debt vs. funds

But the main reason that the companies prefer raising debt is two-fold. Firstly, debt is
available at historically low costs and secondly, tax considerations favor debt. These
include a tax benefit on the interest costs, a dividend distribution tax on dividend income
and capital gains tax on long-term capital gains. As a result, while effective cost of debt is
less than 4 per cent, the effective tax-adjusted return on mutual fund investment is around
5-6 per cent.

Grasim's Bafna says "the biggest factor that will determine an outflow of funds is the any
change in the tax status of dividends and capital gains tax on long-term capital gains".
Currently, dividends from mutual funds are tax-free in the hands of the investors except for
a dividend distribution tax of 12.81 per cent. Long-term capital gains are taxed at 10.25 per
cent with indexation benefits, and at 20.5 per cent without indexation benefits.

The banking sector, with the considerable amount of liquidity in the system, has also been a
significant investor in mutual funds.

For instance, as on March 31, 2003, HDFC had investments of around Rs 1500 crore in
liquid funds. According to Mr. Ravi Kumar, Regional

27
Head - Global Markets, Stanchart Grindlays "The corporate sector accounts for a
reasonable chunk of the investments in mutual funds. While there may be some withdrawal
of funds, an increase in economic activity will also increase the surplus funds. Therefore,
over a period of time, the cash surpluses will find their way back into the market"

NEW FUND OFFER

In the last one-year we have seen surge in the number of Equity IPOs & Mutual Fund NFOs
launched. This is because there is a significant jump in profits of small & medium sized
companies & so many loss-making companies have been restructured and now making
profits. These companies are looking for expansion & to support their future plans these
companies are looking at IPO option. This has created good opportunity to invest in the
new companies, which are growing at fast rate. New Mutual Fund schemes launched also
got the more options to invest collected money in various old as well as new companies.
This year so many Mutual Fund NFOs have collected money in excess of Rs1000Cr &
some of them had even crossed Rs2000Cr mark. Some of the existing schemes with
highest AUMs are looking small if we look at these collections by MF NFOs.

Collection of Mutual Fund NFOs launched in 2005

Scheme NFO Collection (Rs Cr)

SBI Magnum Multi Cap Fund 2102

Franklin India Flexi Cap Fund 1950

Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund 1761

Fidelity Equity Fund 1495

Prudential ICICI Infrastructure Fund 1418

HDFC Premier Multi - Cap Fund 1328

Standard Chartered Classic Equity Fund 1043

28
Floating a NFO at the right time when markets are in correction phase & investing the
collected money on correction is proved as very successful strategy in the last one year.
This is evident as newly launched Mutual Fund NFOs have outperformed various indices &
able to generate good returns. The below table indicates good performance given by MF
NFOs. Therefore It’s a good idea to invest in NFO’s which could create wealth for investors
like you.

Current Scenario of Mutual Fund

India is at the first stage of a revolution that has already peaked in the U.S. the U.S. boasts
if an asset base that are much higher than its deposits. In India, mutual fund assets are not
even 10% of the bank deposits, but this trend is beginning to change. Recent figures
indicate that in the first quarter of the current fiscal year mutual fund asset went up by 115%
whereas bank deposit rose up only 17%. This is forcing a large number of banks to adopt
the concept of narrow banking wherein the deposits are kept in Gilts and some other
assets. This improves liquidity and reduces risk. The basic fact lies that banks cannot be
ignored and they will not completely. Their role closes down as intermediaries cannot be
ignored. It is just mutual Funds are going to change the way banks do business in the
future.

COMPARISONS OF MUTUAL FUND WITH OTHER DEPOSITS

BANKS V/S MUTUAL FUNDS

Banks v/s Mutual Funds

BANKS MUTUAL FUNDS

Returns Low Better

Administrative High Low

exp.

Risk Low Moderate

29
Investment Less More
options

Network High Penetration Low put improving

Liquidity At a cost Better

Quality of assets Not Transparent Transparent

Interest Min. bal. between 10th & 30th of Everyday

calculation every month

Guarantee Max. Rs. 1Lakh on deposit None

SHARES V/S MUTUAL FUNDS

SHARES MUTUAL FUNDS

Know-how is needed Superficial know. Is sufficient
High cost involved Low Cost
Time needed one can sleep over
Professional Management.

Insurance Vs Mutual Funds

Both these instruments are designed to serve different purposes and are not comparable. A
unit-linked plan from an insurance company is an insurance policy designed to pay a lump
sum on maturity or on death if earlier. Premium paid under these plans is eligible for tax
deduction under Section 88 of the Income Tax Act. On the other hand, mutual funds are
investment avenues to participate in the growth of financial markets and do not provide any
tax deduction (except ELSS and pension funds).

For a unit-linked insurance plan, providing life cover is the most important function; returns
are just an added benefit, which gets magnified, given the tax rebates. Though unit-linked
plans offer transparency in returns in terms of net asset value and flexibility in investment
options in debt, equity or mixes of both, these advantages remain secondary, whereas for a
mutual fund, the main objective is to provide returns.

Moreover, unit-linked plans are not as liquid as mutual funds. There is a lock-in of three
years. Even if one redeems after three years, you would be at a loss because of higher

30
initial administrative charges. For example, the upfront charges for the first two premium
amounts are as high as 20-27 per cent. Then there is an annual management fee of 0.8-
1.25 per cent and a flat fee of Rs 15-20 per month. Finally, there is a deduction for risk
cover. This goes towards contribution to the sum assured or the life insurance cover, which
is based on mortality rates as calculated by actuaries. Though mutual funds too have entry
and exit loads (maximum 2 per cent) and expenses (maximum 2.5 per cent), these costs
are lower than unit-linked plans.

1.3.4 RISK INVOLVED IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Mutual fund investments are subject to market risks. Please read the offer document
carefully before investing. There is no assurance or guarantee that all the objectives of the
fund will be achieved. Past performance of the Sponsors/ Mutual fund/ Schemes/ Asset
Management Company is not necessarily indicative of future results. The name of the fund/
scheme does not, in any manner, indicate either the quality of the fund, its future prospects
or returns".

It may be interpreted that under

there is greater amount of risk involved in the subject matter; even if the disclaimer
statement(s) are not too lengthier. In fact, these disclaimers, directly or indirectly, give a
clear message that investors should be informed, take adequate care and beware of the
inherent risks before investing in the mutual fund. Now the issue is what those Risks are?

⇒ Investor Psychology Risk:

31
The investor psychology is such that most of the investors, be it Mutual Fund Investors
or Direct Capital Market Investors, behave like reactionaries. E.g. they enter the market
when the share prices starts rising and they get panicky & exit as soon as share prices
starts falling. Therefore, whether it is shares of company or mutual fund unit investors,
investors resort to selling their investments when market starts looking down. Because
of this, there will be more than normal demand on Mutual Fund manager to redeem the
units. To honour the redemption demands of the exiting unit holders during the worst
market times, Mutual Funds are forced to sell more stocks at the prevailing low prices.
As a result of this, along with the redeeming unit holders, all the other unit holders who
have invested in the fund suffer. This means, irrespective of one being a long-term buy
and hold investor or not, he suffers because of investing in Mutual Fund.

⇒ Cost Risks:

Mutual Funds charge huge fees that they can get away with and that too in the most
confusing manner possible. The fund managers never intend to make their costs clear
to their clients. It would not be painful for the investors to pay for the expenses and costs
of the funds when they derive satisfactory returns. But, the irony is that investors have to
pay for the sales charges, annual fees and many other expenses irrespective of how the
fund has performed.

⇒ Prediction Risks:

Nobody can predict the capital market perfectly and can always find good investments.
Similarly, the fund manager's predictions of future actions and outcomes are, of
necessity, subject to error.

⇒ Risk of Redemption Restrictions:

Whether informed in writing or not, normally the liquidity of schemes investments may
be restricted by the trading volumes settlement period and transfer procedures.

⇒ Management Change Risks:

It is not uncommon for a Mutual Fund to have changes in its management. The change
in the funds management may affect the achievement of the objectives of the fund. The
fund company may, for various reasons, replace a fund manager or may be the fund

32
manager himself may resign from his job for any reason. This change will be significant
since the fund manager controls the fund investments.

⇒ Judgment Risks:

Investors may not know more than the fund manager about the investment strategy and
whatever judgment the investor makes will not be fool proof.

⇒ Risks of Blind Diversification:

It may happen that a fund is heavily committed to a particular area of the economy at
any given time. This is called blind diversification risk and any investor would like to
invest in Mutual Fund that concentrate in asset classes that he himself has not invested
at his own.

⇒ Risks of changes in the Regulatory Norms:

Mutual Funds are constantly regulated by SEBI and investors are subject to risk of the
changes in the norms for the Mutual Funds.

Besides the above risks, Mutual Funds will also have the common risks that any
investment has. In fact, risk is present in every decision made with regard to the
investments in capital markets. Following is the list of some common risks involved
while investing in the capital markets and particularly in the mutual funds:

 Country Risk: This risk arises from the possibility that political events such as war,
national elections etc. and financial problems such as rising inflation or natural
disasters such as an earthquake, a poor harvest etc. will weaken a country's
economy and cause investments in that country to decline.

 Credit Risk: This is a risk that arises from the possibility that a bond issuer will fail to
repay interest and principal in a timely manner. This risk is also called as default risk.

 Currency Risk: This risk arises from the possibility that returns could be reduced for
Indians investing in foreign securities because of a rise in the value of the Indian
rupee against dollar, euro or yen etc. This is also known as Exchange Rate Risk.

33
  Manager Risk : This risk arises from the possibility that an actively managed mutual
fund's investment adviser will fail to execute the fund's investment strategy
effectively, resulting in the failure of the sated objectives.

 Market Risk: This risk arises from the possibility that stock fund or bond fund prices
overall will decline over short or even extended periods.

⇒ Risk Hierarchy of Different Mutual Funds

Thus, different mutual fund schemes are exposed to different levels of risk and investors
should know the level of risks associated with these schemes before investing. The
graphical representation hereunder provides a clearer picture of the relationship
between mutual funds and levels of risk associated with these funds:

1.3.5 SOME IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MUTUAL FUND

NET PRESENT VALUE

Net Asset Value (NAV) is the actual value of one unit of a given scheme on any given
business day. The NAV reflects the liquidation value of the fund's investments on that

34
particular day after accounting for all expenses. It is calculated by deducting all liabilities
(except unit capital) of the fund from the realizable value of all assets and dividing it by
number of units outstanding.

 Sale Price: - Is the price you pay when you invest in a scheme. Also called Offer
Price. It may include a sales load.

 Repurchase Price: - Is the price at which units under open-ended schemes are
repurchased by the Mutual Fund. Such prices are NAV related.

 Redemption Price: - Is the price at which close-ended schemes redeem their units
on maturity. Such prices are NAV related.

 Sales Load: - Is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units. Also called,
‘Front-end’ load. Schemes that do not charge a load are called ‘No Load’ schemes.

 Repurchase or ‘Back-end’ Load: - Is a charge collected by a scheme when it buys

back the units from the unit holders.

1.4 GLOBAL SCENARIO IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Some basic facts:-

35
 The money market mutual fund segment has a total corpus of $ 1.48 trillion in the
U.S. against a corpus of $ 100 million in India.

Out of the top 10 mutual funds worldwide, eight are bank- sponsored. Only Fidelity
and Capital are non-bank mutual funds in this group.

In the U.S. the total number of schemes is higher than that of the listed companies
while in India we have just 277 schemes

Internationally, mutual funds are allowed to go short. In India fund managers do not
have such leeway.

In the U.S. about 9.7 million households will manage their assets on-line by the year
2003, such a facility is not yet of avail in India.

On- line trading is a great idea to reduce management expenses from the current 2
% of total assets to about 0.75 % of the total assets.

72% of the core customer base of mutual funds in the top 50-broking firms in the
U.S. is expected to trade on-line by 2003.

(Source: The Financial Express September,)

The money market mutual fund segment has a total corpus of $ 1.48 trillion in the U.S.
against a corpus of $ 100 million in India. Out of the top 10 mutual funds worldwide, eight
are bank- sponsored. Only Fidelity and Capital are non-bank mutual funds in this group.

In the U.S. the total number of schemes is higher than that of the listed companies while in
India we have just 277 schemes Internationally, mutual funds are allowed to go short. In
India fund managers do not have such leeway. In the U.S. about 9.7 million households will
manage their assets on-line by the year 2003, such a facility is not yet of avail in India.

On- line trading is a great idea to reduce management expenses from the current 2 % of
total assets to about 0.75 % of the total assets. Internationally, on- line investing continues
its meteoric rise. Many have debated about the success of e- commerce and its
breakthroughs, but it is true that this aspect of technology could and will change the way
financial sectors function. However, mutual funds cannot be left far behind. They have
realized the potential of the Internet and are equipping themselves to perform better. In fact

36
in advanced countries like the U.S.A, mutual funds buy- sell transactions have already
begun on the net, while in India the Net is used as a source of Information.

Such changes could facilitate easy access, lower intermediation costs and better services
for all. A research agency that specializes in internet technology estimates that over the
next four years Mutual Fund Assets traded on- line will grow ten folds from $ 128 billion to $
1,227 billion; whereas equity assets traded on-line will increase during the period from $
246 billion to $ 1,561 billion. This will increase the share of mutual funds from 34% to 40%
during the period. Such increases in volumes are expected to bring about large changes in
the way Mutual Funds conduct their business.

“Here are some of the basic changes that have taken place since the advent of the
Net”

Lower Costs: Distribution of funds will fall in the online trading regime by 2003. Mutual
funds could bring down their administrative costs to 0.75% if trading is done on- line. As per
SEBI regulations, bond funds can charge a maximum of 2.25% and equity funds can
charge 2.5% as administrative fees. Therefore if the administrative costs are low, the
benefits are passed down and hence Mutual Funds are able to attract mire investors and
increase their asset base.

Better advice: Mutual funds could provide better advice to their investors through the Net
rather than through the traditional investment routes where there is an additional channel to
deal with the Brokers. Direct dealing with the fund could help the investor with their financial
planning.

In India, brokers could get more Net savvy than investors and could help the investors with
the knowledge through get from the Net.

New investors would prefer online: Mutual funds can target investors who are young
individuals and who are Net savvy, since servicing them would be easier on the Net.

India has around 1.6 million net users who are prime target for these funds and this could
just be the beginning. The Internet users are going to increase dramatically and mutual
funds are going to be the best beneficiary. With smaller administrative costs more funds
would be mobilized .A fund manager must be ready to tackle the volatility and will have to
maintain sufficient amount of investments which are high liquidity and low yielding
investments to honor redemption.
37
In the U.S. most mutual funds concentrate only on financial funds like equity and debt.
Some like real estate funds and commodity funds also take an exposure to physical assets.
The latter type of funds are preferred by corporate who want to hedge their exposure to the
commodities they deal with.

In U.S.A. apart from bullion funds there are copper funds, precious metal funds and real
estate funds (investing in real estate and other related assets as well.).In India, the Canada
based Dundee mutual fund is planning to launch gold and a real estate fund before the
year-end.

In developed countries like the U.S.A there are funds to satisfy everybody’s requirement,
but in India only the tip of the iceberg has been explored. In the near future India too will
concentrate on financial as well as physical funds

1.5
ORGANIZATION OF A MUTUAL FUND

38
1.5.1 SEBI

The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority for all the mutual
funds sponsored by the public/private sector banks, financial institutions, private sector
companies, non- banking finance companies and foreign institutional investors. SEBI has
laid down the rules and regulations regarding the obligations of the entities involves in a
mutual fund, its establishment and launch of different schemes, investments and valuation,
financial reporting, conduct and operations of mutual funds.

1.5.2 SPONSOR

Sponsor is the person who acting alone or in combination with another body corporate
establishes a mutual fund. The sponsor establishes the mutual fund and registers the same
with SEBI. Sponsor appoints the Trustees, custodians and the AMC with prior approval of
SEBI and in accordance with SEBI Regulations. Sponsor must have a 5-year track record
of business interest in the financial markets. Sponsor must have been profit making in at
least 3 of the above 5 years. Sponsor must contribute at least 40% of the net worth of the
Investment Managed and meet the eligibility criteria prescribed under the Securities and
Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996.The Sponsor is not responsible
or liable for any loss or shortfall resulting from the operation of the Schemes beyond the
initial contribution made by it towards setting up of the Mutual Fund.

39
1.5.3 TRUST

The Mutual Fund is constituted as a trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian
Trusts Act, 1882 by the Sponsor. The trust deed is registered under the Indian Registration
Act, 1908.

1.5.4 TRUSTEE

Trustee is usually a company (corporate body) or a Board of Trustees (body of individuals).

The main responsibility of the Trustee is to safeguard the interest of the unit holders and
inter alia ensure that the AMC functions in the interest of investors and in accordance with
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996, the
provisions of the Trust Deed and the Offer Documents of the respective Schemes. At least
2/3rd directors of the Trustee are independent directors who are not associated with the
Sponsor in any manner.

1.5.5 ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY (AMC)

The AMC is appointed by the Trustee as the Investment Manager of the Mutual Fund. The
AMC is required to be approved by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to
act as an asset management company of the Mutual Fund. At least 50% of the directors of
the AMC are independent directors who are not associated with the Sponsor in any
manner. The AMC must have a net worth of at least 10 crore at all times.

1.5.6 REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT

The AMC if so authorized by the Trust Deed appoints the Registrar and Transfer Agent to
the Mutual Fund. The Registrar processes the application form, redemption requests and
dispatches account statements to the unit holders. The Registrar and Transfer agent also
handles communications with investors and updates investor records.

1.5.7 CUSTODIAN

A custodian is an agent, bank, trust company, or other organization which holds and
safeguards an individual's, mutual fund's, or investment company's assets for them.

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR INTERMEDIARIES OF MUTUAL FUNDS:

 Take necessary steps to ensure that the clients’ interest is protected.

40
 Adhere to SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations and guidelines related to selling,
distribution and advertising practices. Be fully conversant with the key provisions of
the offer document as well as the operational requirements of various schemes.

 Provide full and latest information of schemes to investors in the form of offer
documents, performance reports, fact sheets, portfolio disclosures and brochures,
and recommend schemes appropriate for the client’s situation and needs.

 Highlight risk factors of each scheme, avoid misrepresentation and exaggeration,

and urge investors to go through offer documents/key information memorandum
before deciding to make investments.

 Disclose all material information related to the schemes/plans while canvassing for
business.

 Abstain from indicating or assuring returns in any type of scheme, unless the offer
document is explicit in this regard.

 Maintain necessary infrastructure to support the AMCs in maintaining high service

standards to investors, and ensure that critical operations such as forwarding forms
and cheques to AMCs/registrars and dispatch of statement of account and
redemption cheques to investors are done within the time frame prescribed in the
offer document and SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations.

 Avoid colluding with clients in faulty business practices such as bouncing cheques,
wrong claiming of dividend/redemption cheques, etc.

 Avoid commission driven malpractices such as:

o Recommending inappropriate products solely because the intermediary is

getting higher commissions there from.

o Encouraging over transacting and churning of mutual fund investments to

earn higher commissions, even if they mean higher transaction costs and tax
for investors.

 Avoid making negative statements about any AMC or scheme and ensure that
comparisons if any are made with similar and comparable products.

41
  Ensure that all investor related statutory communications (such as changes in
fundamental attributes, exit/entry load, exit options, and other material aspects) are
sent to investors reliably and on time.

1.6 MUTUAL FUNDS AND BUDGET 2009-2010

1.6.1 FIXED INCOME MARKETS TO BENEFIT

42
MEASURES:-

 Revenue deficit target reduced to 1% in FY10 from 1.4% in FY09; fiscal deficit target
reduced to 2.5% in FY10 from 3.1% in FY09

 Gross borrowings lower at Rs.1.45 trillion in FY10 from Rs.1.56 trillion in FY09; net
borrowing also lower at Rs.1.01 trillion from Rs.1.11 trillion in FY09

 Measures announced to develop bond, currency and derivatives markets that will
include launching exchange-traded currency and interest rate futures and developing
a transparent credit derivatives market with appropriate safeguards.

 Measures announced to enhance tradability of domestic convertible bonds by putting

in place a mechanism that will enable investors to separate embedded equity options
from convertible bonds and trade them separately.

 Measures announced to encourage development of a market-based system for

classifying financial instruments based on their complexity and implicit risks.

 Proposal announced to exempt from TDS, corporate debt instruments issued in

demat form and listed on recognized stock exchanges.

IMPACT:-

 Decision of expanding the corporate debt market will help in increased focus towards
bond funds and in a scenario where interest rates are not expected to be adverse in
the medium term, this would further assist in increasing the popularity of bond funds
which have not been doing well in the last few years.

 Development of the derivatives markets can in turn enhance the development of the
structured products market.

1.6.2 EASING IN INCOME TAX SLABS

MEASURES:-

43
Threshold limit of Income Tax exemption for individuals raised as follows -
Up to Rs.150,000 – NIL
Rs.150,001 to Rs.300,000 - 10%
Rs.300,001 to Rs.500,000 - 20%
Rs.500,001 and above - 30%

IMPACT:-

This is expected to increase the disposable income in the hands of the individuals to some
extent which could translate into increased retail investments in mutual funds.

1.6.3 INCREASE IN SHORT TERM CAPITAL GAINS TAX

MEASURES:-

Short Term Capital Gains Tax raised from 10% to 15%

IMPACT:-

 Since long term capital gains tax has been left unchanged, this hike in short-term
capital gains tax could encourage long-term investments which augur well to the
development of the concept of "long terms" in the Indian Mutual Fund industry, which
is conspicuous by its absence but which is coveted by the fund industry given the
greater flexibility that this provides in fund management.

 At the same time since the short term capital gains tax is still lower than the income
tax slabs of typical capital market investors, it is not expected to cause too many
investors to turn away from mutual funds.

 The fact that the dividend distribution tax structure has not changed would mean that
dividend reinvestment plans in liquid schemes will continue to be popular and also
the liquid plus category will continue to attract inflows as the tax rates there would
continue to be lower than the liquid category.

1.7 MARKET TRENDS

44
Alone UTI with just one scheme in 1964 now competes with as many as 400 odd products
and 34 players in the market. Now with increasing competition and losing market share, UTI
no longer remains a formidable force to reckon with.

Last six years have been the most turbulent as well as exiting ones for the industry. New
players have come in, while others have decided to close shop by either selling off or
merging with others. Product innovation is now passed with the game shifting to
performance delivery in fund management as well as service. Those directly associated
with the fund management industry like distributors, registrars and transfer agents, and
even the regulator have become more mature and responsible.

The industry is also having a profound impact on financial market. UTI has once been a
dominant player on the bourses as well as the debt market, but now, new generations of
private funds, has gained substantial mass, and are flexing their muscles. Fund managers
by their selection criteria for stocks have forced corporate governance on the industry. By
rewarding honest and transparent management with higher valuations, a system of risk
reward has been created where the corporate sector is more transparent than before.

Funds have shifted their focus to the recession free sector like pharmaceutical, FMCG and
technology sector, funds performances are improving. Funds collection, which averaged at
less than Rs 100 bn per annum over five-year period spanning 1993-1998 doubled to Rs
210 bn in 1998-1999. In the financial year ending march2000 was mobilization was above
Rs 300 bn. Total collections for the financial year march 2000 was around Rs 450 bn.

What is particularly noteworthy is that bulk of the mobilization has been by the private
sector mutual funds rather than public sector mutual funds. Indeed private MFs saw a net
inflow of Rs 7819.43 crores during the first nine months of the year as against a net inflow
of Rs 604.40 crores in case of public sector funds.

Mutual funds are now also competing with commercial banks in race for retail investor’s
savings and corporate float money. The power shift towards mutual funds has become
obvious. The coming few years will show that the traditional saving avenues are losing out
in the current scenario. Many investors are realizing that investments in saving account are
good as locking up their deposits in a closet. The fund mobilization trends by mutual funds
in the current year indicate that money is going to mutual funds in a big way.

CHAPTER 2 - INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION

45
Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been established as a trust under the Indian Trusts Act,
1882 with Reliance Capital Limited (RCL), as the Settlor/Sponsor.

FOUNDER

Dhirubhai H. Ambani

Founder Chairman,
Reliance Industries Limited, India
December 28, 1932 - July 6, 2002

Major Group Companies: Reliance Industries Limited, India's largest private sector
company.

Birthplace: Chorwad, village in Saurashtra (Gujarat), India

Father's Name: Hirachand Govardhandas Ambani
Mother's Name: Jamunaben Hirachand Ambani

INTRODUCTION

46
About Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd:
Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited (RCAM), a company registered under the
Companies Act, 1956 was appointed to act as the Investment Manager of Reliance Mutual
Fund.

Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance

Capital Limited, the sponsor. The entire paid-up capital (100%) of Reliance Capital Asset
Management Limited is held by Reliance Capital Limited. Reliance Capital Asset
Management Limited was approved as the Asset Management Company for the Mutual
Fund by SEBI vide their letter no IIMARP/1264/95 dated June 30, 1995. The Mutual Fund
has entered into an Investment Management Agreement (IMA) with RCAM dated May 12,
1995 and was amended on August 12, 1997 in line with SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations,
1996. Pursuant to this IMA, RCAM is authorized to act as Investment Manager of Reliance
Mutual Fund. The net worth of the Asset Management Company including preference
shares as on March 31, 2005 is Rs.30.13 crores.

RCAM has been registered as a portfolio manager vides SEBI Registration No.
INP000000423 and renewed effective 1st August 2003. RCAM has commenced these
activities. It has been ensured that key personnel of the AMC, the systems, back office,
bank and securities accounts are segregated activity wise and there exists systems to
prohibit access to inside information of various activities. As per SEBI Regulations, it will
further ensure that AMC meets the capital adequacy requirements, if any, separately for
each such activity.

47
RCAM has been appointed as the Investment Manager of "Reliance India Power Fund", a
Venture Capital Fund registered with SEBI vide Registration no.IN/VCF/05-06/062 dated
June 16, 2005 but this activity is yet to commence.

2.1 INTRODUCTION - RELIANCE CAPITAL

Reliance Capital has interests in asset management and mutual funds; life and general
insurance; private equity and proprietary investments; stock broking; depository services;
distribution of financial products; consumer finance; and other activities in financial services.

Reliance Mutual Fund is India's biggest Mutual Fund. Reliance Life Insurance is one of
India's fastest growing life insurance company and among the top four private sector
insurers. Reliance General Insurance is one of India's fastest growing general insurance
company and among the top 3three private sector insurers. Reliance Money is one of the
leading retail brokerage houses and distributors of financial products in India with over 3
million customers. Reliance Consumer finance has a loan book of over Rs. 8,600 crore at
the end of March 2010.

Reliance Capital has a net worth of Rs. 7,491 crore (US$ 1.5 billion) and total assets of Rs.
24,260 crore (US$ 4.8 billion) as of March 31, 2010

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Reliance Capital Limited has maintained the highest standards of corporate governance
principles and best practices by adopting the “Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group –
Corporate Governance Policies and Code of Conduct” as followed by all constituents in the
group. These Policies and Code prescribe a set of systems, processes and principles
conforming to the international standards and are reviewed periodically to ensure their
continuing relevance, effectiveness and responsiveness to the needs of local and global
investors and all other stakeholders.

Reliance Capital’s philosophy on Corporate Governance envisages the attainment of the

highest levels of transparency, accountability and equity, in all facets of its operations and
in all interactions with its stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, the government,

48
lenders and the society. The Company believes that all its operations and actions must
serve the underlying goal of enhancing long-term shareholder value. In our commitment to
practice sound governance principles, we are guided by the following core principles:

• Transparency
To maintain the highest standards of transparency in all aspects of our interactions
and dealings.

• Disclosures
To undertake timely dissemination of all price sensitive information and matters of
interest to our stakeholders.

• Empowerment and Accountability

To demonstrate the highest levels of personal accountability and to ensure that
employees consistently pursue excellence in everything they do.

• Compliances
To comply with all the laws and regulations applicable to the company.

• Ethical conduct
To conduct the affairs of the company in an ethical manner.

2.2 COMMITTES

 Audit Committees: - The Audit Committee comprises of four non-executive

Directors, viz, Shri Rajendra P. Chitale, Shri Amitabh Jhunjhunwala, Shri C. P. Jain
and Shri P. N. Ghatalia. Shri Rajendra P. Chitale, an Independent non-executive
Director, is the Chairman of the Committee. All the members of Audit Committee
have good knowledge of finance, accounts and company law. The Chairman of the
committee is an eminent chartered accountant and has accounting and related
financial management expertise. The committee held four meetings during the year.
The audit committee also advises the management on the areas where internal audit
can be improved. The minutes of the meetings of the audit committee are placed
before the board. The Company Secretary, Shri V. R. Mohan acts as the Secretary
to the Committee.

 Shareholders’ / investors’ grievances committees: - The shareholders’/investors’

grievances committee of the Board currently comprises Shri Amitabh Jhunjhunwala
49
 and Shri Rajendra P. Chitale. The company has appointed M/s. Karvy
Computershare Pvt. Ltd. to act as Registrar and Share Transfer Agent of the
company. The committee also monitors redressal of investors’ grievances.
Particulars of investors’ grievances received and redressed are furnished in the
investor information section of this report.

 Nomination / Remuneration Committees: - The Nomination / Remuneration

Committee of the Company comprises of Shri Rajendra P. Chitale, Non-Executive
Independent Director as Chairman, and Shri Amitabh Jhunjhunwala and Shri C. P.
Jain, Non-Executive Directors, as its members. The Company Secretary of the
Company is the Secretary of the Committee.

The terms of reference of the Remuneration Committee, interalia, consist of

reviewing the overall compensation policy and structure, service agreements and
other employment conditions for the members of the board.

 Risk Management Committees: - The Risk Management Committee would oversee

the establishment and operation of the risk management system, including reviewing
the adequacy of risk management practices for the material risks, such as credit,
market, liquidity, legal compliance regulatory and operational risks, on a regular
basis.
Depending on the scale, nature and complexity of its business, the Board or the Risk
Management Committee should establish a separate risk management function
responsible for monitoring and managing the risks that the Financial Institution faces.
The organisation and responsibilities of the risk management function should be
documented.

 Asset Liability Management Committees (ALCO):- The Company would constitute an

ALCO Committee of the senior management executives of the company. The
committee would manage the Asset Liability Gap and interest rate structures to
address liquidity and interest rate risks.

The ALCO would maintain records of all its meetings, in particular records of
discussions on key deliberations and decisions taken.
Company shall put in place necessary ALM strategy guidelines and charter of ALCO

50
 indicating the requirements including roles and responsibilities. Various support
groups as may be necessary be formed to supplement the ALCO functions.

 POLICIES

o Code of Conduct
o Code of Conduct For Directors And Senior Management
o Guidelines for NBFCs –
o Policy on interest rates
o Guidelines for demand/ call loan
o Guidelines on corporate governance
o Guidelines on exposure norms
o Guidelines on fair practice
o Guidelines on investment policy
o Norms on ‘Know Your Client’ (KYC)
o Policy for purchasing and sale of non- performing financial assets

51
2.3 COMPANY SRTUCTURE

52
2.4 RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk Management philosophy is to adopt an independent holistic approach to manage

uncertainties from all quarters that is “enterprise-wide risk management”.

Three critical elements on which the enterprise risk management framework is build;
creating a clear direct line of sight from risk management to investor’s value; implementing
a process to protect investor’s value; and building the organizational capability to ensure
strategic risk management.

This ensures that risk management complements business objectives and strategies. The
function assists in structuring technology, processes and assets in an advantageous
manner, and the architecture so formed, is capable of tackling disruptions in the operational
universe. It ensures that business development at all times is within parameters and
regulations.

2.5 ABOUT RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND

Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) is one of India’s leading Mutual Funds, with Average Assets
Under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 88,388 Crs (AAUM for 30th Apr 09 ) and an investor
base of over 71.53 Lacs. Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance - Anil Dhirubhai
Ambani Group, is one of the fastest growing mutual funds in the country. RMF offers
investors a well-rounded portfolio of products to meet varying investor requirements and
has presence in 118 cities across the country. Reliance Mutual Fund schemes are
managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited., a subsidiary of Reliance Capital
Limited, which holds 93.37% of the paid-up capital of RCAM, the balance paid up capital
being held by minority shareholders. Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been established as
a trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 with Reliance Capital Limited (RCL), as the
Settler/Sponsor and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited (RCTCL), as the Trustee.

RMF has been registered with the Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide
registration number MF/022/95/1 dated June 30, 1995. The name of Reliance Capital
Mutual Fund has been changed to Reliance Mutual Fund effective 11th. March 2004 vide
SEBI's letter no. IMD/PSP/4958/2004 date 11th. March 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was
formed to launch various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to

53
contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make
investments in diversified securities.

The main objectives of the Trust are:

 To carry on the activity of a Mutual Fund as may be permitted at law and formulate and
devise various collective Schemes of savings and investments for people in India and
abroad and also ensure liquidity of investments for the Unit holders.

 To deploy Funds thus raised so as to help the Unit holders earn reasonable returns on
their savings and

 To take such steps as may be necessary from time to time to realize the effects without
any limitation.

VISION STATEMENT

To be a globally respected wealth creator with an emphasis on customer care and a culture
of good corporate governance

MISSION STATEMENT

To create and nurture a world-class, high performance environment aimed at delighting our
customers

SPONSORS

"Reliance Mutual Fund schemes are managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management
Limited., a subsidiary of Reliance Capital Limited, which holds 93.37% of the paid-up capital
of RCAM, the balance paid up capital being held by minority shareholders.", the sponsor.
Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) has been sponsored by Reliance Capital Ltd (RCL). The
promoter of RCL is AAA Enterprises Private Limited. Reliance Capital Limited is a Non
Banking Finance Company.

Reliance Capital has interests in asset management and mutual funds, life and non-life
insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other activities in
the financial services sector. The net worth of RCL is Rs. 6086 crore as on March 31, 2008.
Given below is a summary of RCL’s financials:

54
 • Reliance Capital Ltd. has contributed Rupees One Lac as the initial contribution to
the corpus for the setting up of the Mutual Fund. Reliance Capital Ltd. is responsible
for discharging its functions and responsibilities towards the Fund in accordance with
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Regulations.

• The Sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss resulting from the operation of
the Scheme beyond the contribution of an amount of Rupees one Lac made by them
towards the initial corpus for setting up the Fund and such other accretions and
additions to the corpus.

CUSTODIAN

Deutsche Bank, AG
The Trustee has appointed Deutsche Bank, AG located at Kodak House, Ground Floor, 222
Dr. D.N.Road, Mumbai-400 001, as the Custodian of the securities that are bought and sold
under the Scheme. A Custody Agreement has been entered with Deutsche Bank in
accordance with SEBI Regulations. The Custodian is approved by SEBI under registration
no. IN/CUS/003 to act as Custodian for the Fund. Deutsche Bank AG, the Custodian shall,
inter alias:

• Provide post-trading and custodial services to the Mutual Fund.

• Keep Securities and other instruments belonging to the Scheme in safe custody.

• Ensure smooth inflow/outflow of securities and such other instruments as and when
necessary, in the best interests of the unit holders.

• Ensure that the benefits due to the holdings of the Mutual Fund are recovered and

• Be responsible for loss of or damage to the securities due to negligence on its part
on the part of its approved agents.

55
REGISTRAR

Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited has appointed M/s. Karvy Computershare
Pvt. Limited to act as the Registrar and Transfer Agent to the Schemes of Reliance Mutual
Fund. M/s. Karvy Computer share Pvt. Limited (KCL) having their office at Karvy Plaza .21,
Road No. 4, Street No.1, Adjacent to Rainbow Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 500
034, is a Registrar and Transfer Agent registered with SEBI under registration no.
INR000000221.
Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd. and the Trustee have satisfied themselves, after
undertaking appropriate due diligence measures, that they can provide the services
required and have adequate facilities, including systems facilities and back up, to do so.
The Trustee has also laid down broad parameters for supervision of the Registrar. As
Registrar to the Schemes, KCL will accept and process investor's applications, handle
communications with investors, perform data entry services, dispatch Account Statements
and also perform such other functions as agreed, on an ongoing basis.

The Registrar is responsible for carrying out diligently the functions of a Registrar and
Transfer Agent and will be paid fees as set out in the agreement entered into with it and as
per any modification made thereof from time to time.

2.6 COMPANY SCHEMES

2.6.1 EQUITY/GROWTH SCHEMES:

The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term.
Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have
comparatively high risks. These schemes provide different options to the investors like
dividend option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an option
depending on their preferences. The investors must indicate the option in the application
form. The mutual funds also allow the investors to change the options at a later date.
Growth schemes are good for investors having a long-term outlook seeking appreciation
over a period of time.

56
Reliance Natural Resources Fund:

(An Open Ended Equity Scheme) The primary investment objective of the scheme is to
seek to generate capital appreciation & provide long-term growth opportunities by investing
in companies principally engaged in the discovery, development, production, or distribution
of natural resources and the secondary objective is to generate consistent returns by
investing in debt and money market securities.

Reliance Equity Fund:

(An open-ended diversified Equity Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the
scheme is to seek to generate capital appreciation & provide long-term growth opportunities
by investing in a portfolio constituted of equity & equity related securities of top 100
companies by market capitalization & of companies which are available in the derivatives
segment from time to time and the secondary objective is to generate consistent returns by
investing in debt and money market securities.

Reliance Tax Saver (ELSS) Fund:

(An Open-ended Equity Linked Savings Scheme.) The primary objective of the scheme is to
generate long-term capital appreciation from a portfolio that is invested predominantly in
equity and equity related instruments.

Reliance Equity Opportunities Fund:

(An Open-Ended Diversified Equity Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the
scheme is to seek to generate capital appreciation & provide long-term growth opportunities
by investing in a portfolio constituted of equity securities & equity related securities and the
secondary objective is to generate consistent returns by investing in debt and money
market securities.

Reliance Vision Fund:

(An Open-ended Equity Growth Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the Scheme
is to achieve long term growth of capital by investment in equity and equity related
securities through a research based investment approach.

57
Reliance Growth Fund:

(An Open-ended Equity Growth Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the Scheme
is to achieve long term growth of capital by investment in equity and equity related
securities through a research based investment approach.

Reliance NRI Equity Fund:

(An open-ended Diversified Equity Scheme.) The Primary investment objective of the
scheme is to generate optimal returns by investing in equity or equity related instruments
primarily drawn from the Companies in the BSE 200 Index.

Reliance Regular Savings Fund:

(An Open-ended Scheme.) Equity Option : The primary investment objective of this option
is to seek capital appreciation and/or to generate consistent returns by actively investing in
Equity &Equity-related Securities.
Balanced Option : The primary investment objective of this option is to generate consistent
returns and appreciation of capital by investing in mix of securities comprising of equity,
equity related instruments & fixed income instruments.

Reliance Long Term Equity Fund:

(An close-ended Diversified Equity Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the
scheme is to seek to generate long term capital appreciation & provide long-term growth
opportunities by investing in a portfolio constituted of equity & equity related securities and
Derivatives and the secondary objective is to generate consistent returns by investing in
debt and money market securities.

Reliance Equity Advantage Fund:

(An open-ended Diversified Equity Scheme.) The primary investment objective of the
scheme is to seek to generate capital appreciation & provide long-term growth opportunities
by investing in a portfolio predominantly of equity & equity related instruments with
investments generally in S & P CNX Nifty stocks and the secondary objective is to generate
consistent returns by investing in debt and money market securities

58
2.6.2 DEBT/INCOME SCHEMES

The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such
schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures,
Government securities and money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared
to equity schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations in equity markets.
However, opportunities of capital appreciation are also limited in such funds. The NAVs of
such funds are affected because of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest
rates fall, NAVs of such funds are likely to increase in the short run and vice versa.
However, long term investors may not bother about these fluctuations.

Reliance Monthly Income Plan:

(An Open Ended Fund. Monthly Income is not assured & is subject to the availability of
distributable surplus ) The Primary investment objective of the Scheme is to generate
regular income in order to make regular dividend payments to unit holders and the
secondary objective is growth of capital.

Reliance Gilt Securities Fund - Short Term Gilt Plan & Long Term Gilt Plan:

Open-ended Government Securities Scheme) the primary objective of the Scheme is to

generate optimal credit risk-free returns by investing in a portfolio of securities issued and
guaranteed by the central Government and State Government.

Reliance Income Fund:

(An Open-ended Income Scheme) The primary objective of the scheme is to generate
optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk. This income may be complemented
by capital appreciation of the portfolio. Accordingly, investments shall predominantly be
made in Debt & Money market Instruments.

Reliance Medium Term Fund:

(An Open End Income Scheme with no assured returns.) The primary investment objective
of the Scheme is to generate regular income in order to make regular dividend payments to
unit holders and the secondary objective is growth of capital.

59
Reliance Short Term Fund:

(An Open End Income Scheme) The primary investment objective of the scheme is to
generate stable returns for investors with a short investment horizon by investing in Fixed
Income Securities of short term maturity.

Reliance Liquid Fund:

(Open-ended Liquid Scheme). The primary investment objective of the Scheme is to

generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and high liquidity.
Accordingly, investments shall predominantly be made in Debt and Money Market
Instruments.

Reliance Floating Rate Fund:

(An Open End Liquid Scheme) The primary objective of the scheme is to generate regular
income through investment in a portfolio comprising substantially of Floating Rate Debt
Securities (including floating rate securitized debt and Money Market Instruments and Fixed
Rate Debt Instruments swapped for floating rate returns). The scheme shall also invest in
Fixed rate debt Securities (including fixed rate securitized debt, Money Market Instruments
and Floating Rate Debt Instruments swapped for fixed returns

Reliance NRI Income Fund :

(An Open-ended Income scheme) The primary investment objective of the Scheme is to
generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risks. This income may be
complimented by capital appreciation of the portfolio. Accordingly, investments shall
predominantly be made in debt Instruments.

Reliance Liquidity Fund:

(An Open - ended Liquid Scheme) The investment objective of the Scheme is to generate
optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and high liquidity. Accordingly,
investments shall predominantly be made in Debt and Money Market Instruments.

60
Reliance Interval Fund:

(A Debt Oriented Interval Scheme) The primary investment objective of the scheme is to
seek to generate regular returns and growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio

Reliance Liquid plus Fund:

(An Open-ended Income Scheme.) The investment objective of the Scheme is to generate
optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk and liquidity by investing in debt
securities and money market securities.

2.6.3 SECTOR SPECIFIC SCHEMES

These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or
industries as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving
Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are
dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may
give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to
keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an
appropriate time. They may also seek advice of an expert.

Sector Funds are specialty funds that invest in stocks falling into a certain sector of the
economy. Here the portfolio is dispersed or spread across the stocks in that particular
sector. This type of scheme is ideal for investors who have already made up their mind to
confine risk and return to a particular sector.

Reliance Banking Fund:

Reliance Mutual Fund has an Open-Ended Banking Sector Scheme which has the primary
investment objective to generate continuous returns by actively investing in equity / equity
related or fixed income securities of banks.

61
Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund:

Reliance Diversified Power Sector Scheme is an Open-ended Power Sector Scheme.

The primary investment objective of the Scheme is to seek to generate consistent returns
by actively investing in equity / equity related or fixed income securities of Power and other
associated companies.

Reliance Media & Entertainment Fund:

Reliance Media & Entertainment Fund is an Open-ended Media & Entertainment sector
scheme. The primary investment objective of the Scheme is to generate consistent returns
by investing in equity / equity related or fixed income securities of media & entertainment
and other associated companies.

COMPANY SERVICE PROVIDERS:

Registrar to the schemes of Reliance Capital Asset Management: Karvy Computer

share Pvt. Ltd

Custodians to the schemes of Reliance Capital Asset Management:

Deutsche Bank AG

62
Bankers to the Schemes of Reliance Capital Asset Management:

• HDFC Bank Limited

• ABN Amro Bank

• ICICI Bank Limited

• Citibank N. A.

• Deutsche Bank AG

• Standard Chartered Bank

• UTI Bank

• IDBI Bank

• HSBC Bank

• Ing Vysya Bank

• Kotak Mahindra Bank

• Yes Bank

• American Express Bank - only for online investors

63
2.7 WHY RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND?

 Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the –Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group(R-ADAG) is one of
the fastest growing mutual fund company in the country.

 Reliance mutual fund offer investors a well –rounded portfolio of products to meet
varying investor requirements.

 Reliance mutual fund has a presence over 80 cities across the country.

 Reliance mutual fund investor base of over 2 million and manages assets over
Rs.88388 crore as on 30 April 2009,(source:www.amfiindia.com)

 A fund from Reliance mutual fund, an AMC with a established track record of consistent
return.

 Investor –friendly personal and technological support.

 Strong and consistent fund management team.

64
2.8 RISK VS REWARD

Having understood the basics of mutual funds the next step is to build a successful
investment portfolio. Before you can begin to build a portfolio, one should understand some
other elements of mutual fund investing and how they can affect the potential value of your
investments over the years. The first thing that has to be kept in mind is that when you
invest in mutual funds, there is no guarantee that you will end up with more money when
you withdraw your investment than what you started out with. That is the potential of loss is
always there. The loss of value in your investment is what is considered risk in investing.

Even so, the opportunity for investment growth that is possible through investments in
mutual funds far exceeds that concern for most investors. Here’s why.

At the cornerstone of investing is the basic principal that the greater the risk you take, the
greater the potential reward. Or stated in another way, you get what you pay for and you
get paid a higher return only when you're willing to accept more volatility.

Risk then, refers to the volatility -- the up and down activity in the markets and individual
issues that occurs constantly over time. This volatility can be caused by a number of factors
-- interest rate changes, inflation or general economic conditions. It is this variability,
uncertainty and potential for loss, that causes investors to worry. We all fear the possibility
that a stock we invest in will fall substantially. But it is this very volatility that is the exact
reason that you can expect to earn a higher long-term return from these investments than
from a savings account.

Different types of mutual funds have different levels of volatility or potential price change,
and those with the greater chance of losing value are also the funds that can produce the
greater returns for you over time. So risk has two sides: it causes the value of your
investments to fluctuate, but it is precisely the reason you can expect to earn higher returns.

You might find it helpful to remember that all financial investments will fluctuate. There are
very few perfectly safe havens and those simply don't pay enough to beat inflation over the
long run.

65
Types of risks:

All investments involve some form of risk. Consider these common types of risk and
evaluate them against potential rewards when you select an investment.

Market Risk:

At times the prices or yields of all the securities in a particular market rise or fall due to
broad outside influences. When this happens, the stock prices of both an outstanding,
highly profitable company and a fledgling corporation may be affected. This change in price
is due to "market risk". Also known as systematic risk.

Inflation Risk:

Sometimes referred to as "loss of purchasing power." Whenever inflation rises forward

faster than the earnings on your investment, you run the risk that you'll actually be able to
buy less, not more. Inflation risk also occurs when prices rise faster than your returns.

66
Credit Risk:

In short, how stable is the company or entity to which you lend your money when you
invest? How certain are you that it will be able to pay the interest you are promised, or
repay your principal when the investment matures?

Interest Rate Risk:

Changing interest rates affect both equities and bonds in many ways. Investors are
reminded that "predicting" which way rates will go is rarely successful. A diversified portfolio
can help in offsetting these changes.

Exchange risk:

A number of companies generate revenues in foreign currencies and may have

investments or expenses also denominated in foreign currencies. Changes in exchange
rates may, therefore, have a positive or negative impact on companies which in turn would
have an effect on the investment of the fund.

Investment Risks:

The sectoral fund schemes, investments will be predominantly in equities of select

companies in the particular sectors. Accordingly, the NAV of the schemes are linked to the
equity performance of such companies and may be more volatile than a more diversified
portfolio of equities.

Changes in the Government Policy:

Changes in Government policy especially in regard to the tax benefits may impact the
business prospects of the companies leading to an impact on the investments made by the
fund

Effect of loss of key professionals and inability to adapt business to the rapid technological
change.

An industries' key asset is often the personnel who run the business i.e. intellectual
properties of the key employees of the respective companies. Given the ever-changing
complexion of few industries and the high obsolescence levels, availability of qualified,
trained and motivated personnel is very critical for the success of industries in few sectors.

67
It is, therefore, necessary to attract key personnel and also to retain them to meet the
changing environment and challenges the sector offers. Failure or inability to attract/retain
such qualified key personnel may impact the prospects of the companies in the particular
sector in which the fund invests.

68
2.9 AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENT

 Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) is one of India’s leading Mutual Funds, with Assets
Under Management (AUM) of Rs. 88,388 crore (AUM as on 30th Apr 2009) and an
investor base of over 71.53 Lacs.

 Investor base of over 3.38 million as on March 31, 2007

 Rapid growth in Assets Under Management (AUM), 87.7% growth in AUM year on
year. AUM of over Rs.46,306 crore ($10.62 billion) as on March 30, 2007 from Rs.
24,669 crore ($5.53 billion) as on March 31, 2006.

 Accelerated growth in investor base – 66.89% growth in investor base year on year.
Over 3.38 million investors as on March 31, 2007

 Reliance Mutual Fund has over 10 years of extensive market experience, over 26
schemes combined with a strong performance track record.

 Reliance Equity Fund NFO (6th Feb -7th March 2006), the largest ever collection of
Rs.5,759 crore ($1.29 billion) in the history of the Indian Mutual Fund industry.

 Footprint in over 100 cities in India

 Wide network of 130 collection points

 Wide portfolio of 26 well-rounded products to meet varying investor requirements.

 Reliance Mutual Fund is amongst the few mutual funds in the industry to offer
Subscription, Redemption and Switch through Online Transactions.

 Lipper Fund Award India 2007

 Lipper Fund Award Gulf 2007 :

 CNBC TV18 - CRISIL Mutual Fund of the Year Awards 2006

ICRA Mutual Funds Awards 2007

69
CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 TITLE OF THE STUDY

To understand the perception and behavior of investors and potential investors this study
has been conducted. In addition, attitude of investors towards Reliance Mutual Fund has
also been considered. So, research has been carried on the title “customer perception on
performance of mutual fund with special refrence to reliance mutual funds”.

Need of the study

The need of the study arises because of the reason that a trainee must
understand the company, its achievements and tasks, products and services and also to
collect information about its competitors.

But the major focus was on making a customer profile for Reliance Mutual Fund and study
the position of Reliance Mutual Fund in the market as well as among its competitors. In
addition, investors were to be made aware about various products and services offered
by Reliance Mutual Fund and checking the satisfaction level of present customers

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Mutual fund industry today, with about 34 players and more than five hundred schemes, is
one of the most preferred investment avenues in India. However with a plethora of schemes
to choose from, the retail investors faces problem in selecting funds. Factors such as
investment strategy and management style are qualitative, but the funds records are
important indicator too. For any economy to grow it is necessary that savings of the masses
are converted into investments. Mutual fund is one of the tools which allow amateur person
to invest because the funds are managed by experienced fund managers. It has been
predicted that if the investment becomes 77% of income in various avenues then only we
would be able to maintain our GDP growth rate of 8-10%.

70
Here the objective of our study is to compare various reliance mutual funds schemes with
the other AMC .To make the report more detailed the report also contains an extensive
details on schemes from other fund houses like HDFC, Kotak, Birla,Tata, UTI,DWS ,etc.

The present study has been undertaken with the object of examining, analyzing and
inferring the performance of the mutual funds, which addresses the following issues:

 To understand what type of mutual fund is most preferred by the existing customer
because performance of these funds is the criteria for customer selection.
 Which mutual fund is the best in its category?
 To understand the best way to attract customer investing in mutual fund by
understanding the factors responsible for making a mutual fund successful.
 To find out the reasons behind not investing in mutual fund and to find out the most
important attributes so as to keep the existing customer & to attract new customers.
 To understand which factors govern their choice of investment?
 To check the potentiality and scope of Reliance Mutual Fund?

3.3 TYPE OF RESEARCH

 EXPLORATORY:

Exploratory research is a type of research conducted because a problem has not

been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best research
design, data collection method and selection of subjects Exploratory research often
relies on secondary research such as reviewing available literature and/or data, or
qualitative approaches such as informal discussions with consumers, employees,
management or competitors, and more formal approaches through in-depth
interviews, focus groups, projective methods, case studies or pilot studies.

 DESCRIPTIVE:

Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and

characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive
research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how... The description
is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations.

71
Types of Data:

 PRIMARY: Primary data was obtained through questionnaires filled by people and
through direct communication with respondents in the form of Interview.

 SECONDARY: The secondary sources of data were taken from the various
websites, books, journals reports, articles etc. This mainly provided information
about the mutual fund industry in India.

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND METHOD OF SELECTING SAMPLE

Universe: - Jaipur

Population: - Infinite

SOURCES OF DATA:

There are two main source of collecting data. One is primary and the other is secondary
data.

 PRIMARY DATA :

• Open ended interaction with clients.

• Discussions with managers ,heads.

• Also interacting with other intermediaries.

 SECONDARY DATA:

72
 • The fact sheets of the Assets Managements Companies.

• The websites of the Assets Managements Companies.

• The total AUM and NAV were sourced from the website of the Association of
Mutual Funds of India.

• Much information has been taken out by the magazines, books and mutual funds
workbook.

3.4.1 SAMPLING PLAN:

 Sample unit :- The sampling units are various areas of Jaipur which have
been approached to collect data from different people

 Sampling method:- Sampling method used in this research is simple random

sampling which is also known as probability sampling. Under this sampling design
every item of universe has an equal chance of inclusion in sample. It is say to a
lottery method.

 Sample size:- The size of the sample was restricted to 100, as to just get a quick
analysis

3.4.2 CONTACT METHOD

Personal interview is used as a method of contacting people.

It is a market research technique for gathering information through face-to-face Contact

with individuals. Personal interviews take place in a variety of settings-in Homes, at
shopping malls, in a business office. This type of research is relatively costly, because it
requires a staff of interviewers, but it provides the best opportunity to obtain
information through probing for clearer explanations. It is the best technique to use early on
in the research process when the researcher is not yet sure which questions need
to be asked, because new and better questions can come out of the dialogue

3.4.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

73
Research Instrument used in this research was Questionnaire.

A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for eliciting information. It is one of the most
common instruments used for primary data collection.

The questionnaire can be administered in various ways. It can be administered by means of

a personal interviewer as well as by the telephone, Mail. Here, the questionnaire was
administered by a personal interview.

3.4.4 TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

For the proper analysis of data, Quantitative Technique such as percentage

method was used. In addition, Microsoft excel was also used for preparing charts for
deducing inferences.

3.5 SCOPE OF STUDY

The project undertake aims at finding out the perception of people about
investment pattern and to analyses how does a common person perceives
Reliance Mutual Fund as an investment alternative.

By finding the perception of people and the factors affecting these

perceptions, the significance for the study is then to try and identify ways to
attract the non investing community of the potential investors towards the
different investment avenue.

Significance of the Project Report:-

 It helps investors to invest its money in right avenue.

 It helps to analysis the investors perception about Reliance Mutual Fund .

 It provide guidance to investors investing in Reliance Mutual Fund.

 By this project investors come to know about different beneficiary mutual

fund.

74
  It help to analyze that in which age most of the investors invest their money
for better returns in future.

 It helps to publicize Reliance Mutual Fund Products and services.

3.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY

As every aspect of life has its own limitations the same goes with researches. The few
limitations attached to this research are: -

 As time and tide waits for none so is the case with this research. A much more
detailed analysis could be done had there been more time spent for data
collection. Due to lack of Time data from the all the places could not be collected.

 Management of all the activities from one place limited the research with in it self
as appropriate data, which was required, was not available.

 Giving Instruction through telecommunications has caused a communication gap

due to which the cream of data has not been available.

75
CHAPTER 4 - FACTS AND FINDINGS

FINDINGS

The findings for the above research are as follows:-

 It was found that majority of the investors i.e.40% are from the age group of 25-
40. This is the group of middle age people who deserve to invest for their future
financial needs.

 Out of 100 people being surveyed to know the awareness and perception among
people about mutual funds, I found that 14% knew about mutual funds who
mostly invest in these funds while 86% where not at all aware about the product
and its investments

 Some People were less interested in knowing about the product.

 They have the impression that these funds are not safe, as the money is locked
in for a particular period, which is known as the lock in period.

 Mutual funds, in a country like India is in its growth stage and it would take some
time to enter into the maturity stage.

 People investing into mutual funds basically invest at the financial year-end.

 They invest into these funds mostly for tax saving purposes other than
investment or return purposes.
76
 Total number of 100 responses were more concerned about the secure future
(59%) and capital gains(21%), and after that they considered tax benefits(14%)
and regular return(6%) as their main investment objectives.

 The company image acts as the determining factor for their investment with
44%.the second most important factor was fund performance (21%) and
economic scenario (19%).

 Total numbers of 100 responses were more concerned about the saving for the
future was the foremost important criteria for investment in the minds of investors
(51%), while 23%respondents said that they considered the returns before
making investment decisions.

 Out of 100 people 66% of investor preferred to have banks savings as one of the
investment avenue. While 12% of the investor said that they would certainly like
to have post office schemes as one of their preferred investment avenue.

 My findings demonstrate that 41% of investors prefer to invest in growth

schemes,18% of investor in ELSS schemes.

77
CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Knowing the awareness and perception of the customers is very important in any industry.
This provides insight into the customer behavior and his expectation from the industry
players. a proper understanding of the awareness and perception would definitely benefit
the players. This survey attempt to know the mutual fund investor better. It examines some
interesting choices of the retail investor including the reasons behind investing in mutual
funds and the risk tolerance levels of the investors. The investor knowledge about the
mutual funds and what according to him are the best mutual funds is also analyzed. This
Jaipur city survey was conducted to know the retail investor awareness and perception
about mutual funds. It is hoped that this survey in Jaipur city would go a long way in
benefiting for reliance mutual fund.

I. AN OVERVIEW:

This section shows a simple overview of respondents like their age, gender, income profile,
saving habits and qualification

(a) Age-profile:

Table No. I(a) showing age profile of respondents:

S. No Age No .of Percentage

respondents
1. 20-25 19 19%
2. 25-40 40 40%
3. 40-55 21 21%
78
 4. 55-60 15 15%
5. 60-Above 5 5%
Total 100 100%

Age-profile
60-Above 20-25
5% 19%
55-60
15% 20-25
25-40
40-55
40-55 55-60
21% 25-40 60-Above
40%

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey I found the maximum number of respondents belongs to the age group of 25-
40 years, followed by 40-55 years of age category.

(b) Gender-wise:

Table No. I(b) showing gender wise profile of respondents:

S. No Gender No. of respondents Percentage

1. Male 92 92%
2. Female 8 8%
Total 100 100%

Gender-wise overview

Female
8%

Male
Female

79
Male
92%
INTERPRETATION:

Table No.I(b) represents the gender ratio of the respondents in this survey.92%of the
covered respondents were male and remaining 8% were female

(c)Income Profile:

Table No. I(c) showing income wise profile of respondents:

S. No Income No. of Percentage

respondents
1. Less then 1.0 34 17%
Lakh
2. 1.0-2.0 Lakh 38 38%
3. 2.0-3.0 Lakh 30 30%
4. 3.0-5.0 Lakh 6 6%
5. More then 5.0 4 4%
Lakh
6. No response 5 5%
Total 100 100%

Income Profile

40% 38%
35% 30% Less then 1.0 Lakh
30%
1.0-2.0 Lakh
25%
17% 2.0-3.0 Lakh
20%
3.0-5.0 Lakh
15%
More then 5.0 Lakh
10% 6% 5%
4% No response
5%
0%
No. of respondents

80
INTERPRETATION:

In this survey I found the break up of the respondents. Around 38%of the respondents have
an income between of Rs.1.0-2.0 Lakhs per annum and 30% of respondents in between
2.0-3.0 Lakhs .it display the income profile of respondents.

(d) Saving Habits:

Table No. I(d) showing saving habits profile of respondents:

S. No Savings No. of Percentage

respondents
1. Up to Rs. 2000 31 31%
2. Rs.2001-5000 33 33%
3. Rs.5001-10000 16 16%
4. Rs.10001-20000 3 3%
5. Above Rs.20001 1 1%
6. No Response 16 16%
Total 100 100%

Saving Habits of respondents

Rs.10001-
20000
No response
3%
16% up to Rs.2000
aboveRs.20001 31% up to Rs.2000
1% Rs. 2001-5000
Rs.5001-10000
Rs.10001-20000
aboveRs.20001
No response
Rs.5001-10000 Rs. 2001-5000
16% 33%

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey around 33% of the respondents reported to have a saving in the range of
Rs.2001-5000 per month .only 1% of the respondents reported having in higher bracket i.e
more then 20001 per month.

81
(e)Qualification :

Table No. I(e) showing Qualification profile of respondents:

S.No Qualification No. of Percentage

respondents
1. Undergraduates 6 6%
2. Graduates 39 39%
3. Postgraduates 40 40%
4. Others 1 1%
5. No response 14 14%
Total 100 100%

39% 40%

40% Undergraduates
Graduates
30% 14%
Postgraduates
6%
Others
20%
No response
10% 1%
0%
No. of respondents

INTERPRETATION :

The surveyed group are well educated group with 40%being post graduates and 39%being
graduates. around 6% of the samples collected were undergraduates.

II. KNOWLEDGE OF MUTUAL FUNDS:

In the survey ,I attempted to understand from the investors their knowledge of Mutual fund.

(a)Knowledge of Mutual Fund:

Table No. II(a) showing knowledge of mutual fund of respondents:

82
 S.n No Knowledge of No. of Percentage
Mutual Funds respondents
1. Very good 4 4
2. Good 9 9
3. Average 19 19
4. Poor 64 64
5. No response 4 4
Total 100 100%

Knowledge of Mutual Fund

Poor
Average
64%
19%
Very good
Good
Other Average
68% Poor
No response
Good
9%
No response
Very good 4%
4%

INTERPRETATION :

In this survey it was found that 64% of the respondents don’t’ know or their knowledge is
very poor about Mutual funds. they ,while 4% respondents rated their understanding as
very good about Mutual funds. it shows knowledge of Mutual funds are very low..

(b) Knowledge related to share market:

Table No. II(b) showing knowledge related to share market of respondents:

S. No Knowledge related No. of Percentage

to share market respondents
1. Yes 32 32%
2. No 64 64%
83
 3. Can’t say 4 4%
Total 100 100%

Knowledge related to share market:

Can't say
4%
Yes
32%

Yes
No
Can't say
No
64%

INTERPRETATION:

It was found that 64% of the respondents don’t know that the Mutual fund is related to share
market. They also don’t know that Mutual funds returns are affected by the fluctuation in
share market.

(c) Preference of various mutual funds of different peoples:

Table No. II(c) showing if in the near future if you ever plan to invest in your money in any
of the mutual fund company, which would be your choice?

Options Responses Responses in %

ABN AMRO 17 17
HDFC 19 19
Reliance 11 11
ICICI 18 18
SBI 27 27
Any other 8 8

84
 Preference of Various Mutual Funds

8% 17% ABN AMRO

HDFC
27%
Reliance
19% ICICI
SBI
18% 11%
Others

INTERPRETATION:

Total number of 100 responses were generated for this question and multiple response
were sought for the various investment objectives. the analysis brings out the fact that
investor were more concerned about the SBI mutual fund (27%) and HDFC (19%) as main
investment companies.

III. INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE/DECISIONS:

This section of survey was aimed at understanding the main reason behind the investment
decision made by an individual. I tried to catch the factor that contributes to making of an
investment portfolio off an individual.

(a)Investment objective:

S. No Investment No. of Percentage

objective respondents
1. Capital Gain 21 21%
2. Generate Regular 6 6%
return
3. Secure Future 59 59%
4. Tax benefits 14 14%
Total 100 100%

85
 Investment Objective of Investor

capital gain
tax benefits 21%
14%
generate capital gain
reguar return generate reguar return
6% secure future
secure future tax benefits
59%

INTERPRETATION :

Total number of 100 responses were generated for this question and multiple response
were sought for the various investment objectives. the analysis brings out the fact that
investor were more concerned about the secure future(59%) and capital gains(21%), and
after that they considered tax benefits(14%) and regular return(6%) as their main
investment objectives.

(b)Decision affecting Factors:

S. No Decision affecting No. of Percentage

Factors respondents
1. Economic 19 19%
scenario
2. Company image 44 44%
3. Fund performance 21 21%
4. Fund manager 2 2%
image
5. Tax incentive 14 14%
Total 100 100%

86
 DECISION AFFECTING FACTORS

50 44
40
Economic scenario
30 Company image
19 21
Fund performance
20 14
Fund manager image
10 2 Tax incentive

0
No. of Respondents

INTERPRETATION :

There are certain overall factors that tend to affect the investment decision decision of the
investor, such as economic scenario. I tried to know the respondents opinion on these
macro factors that further tend to affect their investment decisions.
This survey showed that company image acts as the determining factor for their
investment with 44%.the second most important factor was fund performance(21%) and
economic scenario(19%).

(c)Information sources regarding Mutual Funds:

S. No Information sources No. of Percentage

respondents
1. Print media 29 29%
2. Electronic media 21 21%
3. Friends/Relative 6 6%
4. Financial advisors 19 19%
5. Personal analysis 4 4%
6. Agents 21 21%
Total 100 100%

87
 Information sources regarding Mutual Funds

Print media
21% 29% Electronic media
4% Friends/Relative
Financial advisors
19% Personal analysis
6% 21%
Agents

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey I asked from the respondents about the kind of media that affect their
investment decision.29% of the respondents said that the print media is the major
influencer in making their investment decisions, electronic media(21%) and agents(21%)
were the second major influencer in investment decision making.

(d)Priority of reason for investment:

S. No Priority for No. of Percentage

investment respondents
1. Saving for future 51 51%
2. Tax incentive 14 14%
3. Returns 23 23%
4. Future outlook 7 7%
5. Brand value 2 2%
6. Risk factors 3 3%
Total 100 100%

88
 Priority of reason for investment
Brand value
2%
Risk factors
Future outlook 3%
7% Saving for future
51% Saving for future
Returns Tax incentive
23% Returns
Future outlook
Brand value

Tax incentive
Risk factors
14%

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey I found that saving for the future was the foremost important criteria for
investment in the minds of investors (51%),while 23%respondents said that they considered
the returns before making investment decisions.

(e) Preferred fund structure:

Structure of the fund No of investors preferred

Open – ended fund 64

Close – ended fund 24

Interval funds 12

Total 100

89
 Noof investorspreferred

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
T
tleA
x
is

30
20
10
0
Open – Close – Interval Total
ended ended funds
fund fund
No of investors preferred 64 24 12 100

INTERPRETATION:

It is observed that 64 out of 100 that are 64% of investors are interested to invest their
money in open ended funds the reason can be attributed to its convenience to enter and
exit at any time. 24% investors preferred to invest in close ended funds because they are
long term investors as well as they want some tax benefits. And the remaining 12%
investors replied that they don’t mind to invest in any funds including interval funds

IV. RISK-RETURN PROFILE:

In my study I also tried to understand the risk and return matrix of an individual investor. this
was done in order to obtain information on the relationship between the kind of funds an
individual investor opts to invest in and the relative expectation he has on the return front.

(a)Investment Avenues:

Investment Avenues No. of respondents Percentage

S. No
1. Post office schemes 12 12%

90
 2. Insurance 4 4%
3. Banks 66 66%
4. Share market 3 3%
5. Mutual funds 7 7%
6. Govt. securities 8 8%
Total 100 100%

Investment Avenues
Insurance
Mutual funds Govt. Post office 4%
7% securities schemes
8% 12% Post office schemes
Insurance
Banks
Share market Share market
3%
Mutual funds
Govt. securities

Banks
66%

INTERPRETATION:

The risk return matrix of an individual is the key factor in framing his investment portfolio. I
asked the respondents to select the investment avenues they would prefer to keep their
investment portfolio. 66% of investor preferred to have banks savings as one of the
investment avenue., while 12% of the investor said that they would certainly would like to
have post office schemes as one of their preferred investment avenue.

(b)Return expectation from Mutual funds:

S. No Return No. of Percentage

expectation from respondents
Mutual funds
1. 5%-10% 5 5%
2. 11%-15% 24 24%
3. 16%-20% 31 31%
4. More then 20% 16 16%
5. Can’t say 24 24%
Total 100 100%

91
 Return expectation from Mutual funds

16% -20%
31% Other Can’t say
40% 24%
5%-10%

11%-15%

16%-20%

More then 20%

11% -15% Can’t say

24% 5% -10% More then 20%
5% 16%

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey when I came to return expected, I found that 31% of the investor are
expecting a return in range of 16%-20%, while 24%of the investor are expecting 11%-15%
rate of return but 24% of investor can’t said about return expectation.

(c) Investment pattern preferred in Mutual fund by investor:

S. No Investment No. of Percentage

pattern preferred respondents
in Mutual fund
1. Growth schemes 41 41%

2. Balanced 11 11%
schemes
3. ELSS 18 18%
4. Sector specific 6 6%
schemes
5. Liquid schemes 7 7%
6. Can’t say 17 17%
Total 100 100%

92
 Investment pattern preferred in Mutual fund by investor

50%
Growth schemes
41%
40% Balanced schemes

30% ELSS

Sector specific
20% 18% 17% schemes
Liquid schemes
11%
10% 6% 7% Can’t say

0%
No. of respondents

INTERPRETATION:

The type of schemes selected for investment depends largely on the risk return matrix of an
individual and the time horizon of his investment.
My findings demonstrate that 41% of investors prefer to invest in growth schemes, 18% of
investor in ELSS schemes.

(d) Return in diversified schemes in Mutual fund:

S. No Return in No. of Percentage

diversified respondents
schemes in
Mutual fund
1. Yes 23 23%
2. No 77 77%
Total 100 100%

93
 Return in diversified schemes in Mutual fund

Yes
Yes
23%

No No
77%

INTERPRETATION:

In this survey I tried to know the knowledge of investors about the return on diversified
schemes .I found that 77%of surveyed people don’t know that the return on diversified
mutual fund schemes is more then other schemes. so, it shows that vary lake of awareness
about mutual funds.

(e) Sources of product information:

S. No Sources of No. of Percentage

product respondents
information
1. Company 39 39%
brochures
2. Company 3 3%
websites
3. Investment 14 14%
advisor
4. Newspaper 37 37%
5. Friends and 7 7%

94
 relatives
Total 100 100%

Sources of product information

40% 39%
37%
35%
30%
Company brochures
25% Company websites
20% Investment advisor
15% 14% Newspaper
10% Friends and relatives
7%
5% 3%
0%
No. of respondents

INTERPRETATION:

This chart represents the different sources of product information, through which investor
generally tend to know regarding the mutual fund’s new schemes and products.39% of the
respondents said that they receive the product information from the company brochures
and 37% respondents said that they get it from newspaper.

CHAPTER 6 - SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUNDS

STRENGTHS

 Large numbers of potential customers as base.

 Government support by way of tax concessions for MF investors.

 Sophisticated capital market.

 Volatility of bank interest rate.

 Vital source of capital information.

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  Scope of accessing market information.

 Offer liquidity to investors at ant time.

 The size of the market is very large.

WEAKNESS

 Poor participation of retail investors.

 There is very high degree of discomfort along with uncertainty.

 Lack of focus.

 Leadership vacuum.

 Under performance.

 Inability to scale up.

 Unclear value proportion.

 Overemphasis on funds under management.

 Poor service conditions.

 Distribution network is confined only to metro cities.

 Increasing NPA in the portfolio.

OPPORTUNITIES

 Huge untapped market in semi urban and rural areas.

 High level of savings habit among the people.

 Liberalized business environment.

 Using online mode of trading system.

 Linkage of ATMs for cash withdrawal is ongoing.

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  Consolidation in the industry is in progress.

 Investment opportunities abound in the international market.

 Failures of non bank financial company operations.

THREATS

 Increasing competition among the players.

 High level of volatility in the stock market.

 NAVs are highly sensitive to internal and market factors.

 Possibility of more stringent regulations by SEBI,AMFI etc in future.

CHAPTER 7 - CONCLUSIONS

A mutual fund is the ideal investment vehicle for today’s complex and modern financial
scenario. Markets for equity shares, bonds and other fixes income instruments, real estate,
derivatives and other assets have become mature and information driven. Today each and
every person is fully aware of every kind of investment proposal. Everybody wants to invest
money, which entitled of low risk, high returns and easy redemption. In my opinion before
investing in mutual funds, one should be fully aware of each and everything

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The end of millennium marks 44 years of existence of mutual funds in this country. The ride
through these 44 years is not been smooth .Investors opinion is still divided .while some are
for the mutual funds others are against it.

Mutual Funds (MF) have become one of the most attractive ways for the average person to
invest his money. It is said that Bank investment is the first priority of people to invest their
savings and the second place is for investment in Mutual Funds and other avenues. A
Mutual Fund pools resources from thousands of investors and then diversifies its
investment into many different holdings such as stocks, bonds, or Government securities in
order to provide high relative safety and returns. . Also generate leads of the prospective
investors in Mutual Funds for the Asset Management Company (AMC)

There are many improvements pending in the field and it has to happen as soon as
possible so as to call the MF industry as an Organized and well-developed sector.

CHAPTER 8 - RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS

The key to the success of the Mutual fund industry is the perceived confidence of the
investors in the organization in total. And this is to take into account both the historical
quality of the product in terms of return as well as the way accounts are perceived to be
managed in terms of concern along with the technical ability for savings mobilization and
customer servicing. The major recommendations which are based on the observations that
were made while working with Reliance are as follows.

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 • The marketing strategy which they follow should be segment wise. They should not
waste their time on reaching students, who are unaware of investing and have
insufficient cash supply.

• In times of growing macroeconomic concerns like inflation and the RBI measures to
curb it and to regulate the liquidity, one should be careful before investing in debt
funds as their yield fluctuates in such situation.

• Buy that portfolio which is doing very well in the market because that fund has the
chance of increment.

• It’s good to pick funds which have the higher Beta and Sharpe ratio that justifies the
additional risk taken by those funds in terms of better return.

• An investor with a long term investment horizon may select funds with value style of
investing as they are expected to give good returns when market realizes the
potential of their portfolios stocks.

• While investing in sect oral funds, the sector specific risk should be analysed along
with the returns from the sector.

• The past return should be viewed to get the record performance of the funds.

• The expense ratio should be preferably low and should be checked and compared
with returns.

• In India less than 5% of an individual savings is invested in mutual fund, therefore it

is advisable to make more effort to communicate the benefits, investment pattern
and reward associated to it.

• The advisors should be given proper training so that they can easily influence the
clients and also the motivation power should be given to them.

• Lock in period for the scheme should be minimized so that the investors can
liquidate their money whenever they want.

• There should be no entry and exit load for the schemes.

8.1 FOR ENHANCING SALES ACTIVITIES

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The first and foremost resource needed for enhancing he sales activities is the Human
Power, that is, to recruit some business development executives to assist the sales
activities of particular franchisees. The recommendation should pass through proper
channel to the business associate.

8.2 FOR CUSTOMERS’ SATISFACTION

When I had a chance to meet the existing customers, I came to know that they are not
happy with the internet assistance provided by the Reliance mutual funds.

8.3 CREATING AWARENESS REGARDING BENEFITS OF INVESTMENTS

The most vital problem spotted is of ignorance. Investors should be made aware of the
benefits. Nobody will invest until and unless he is fully convinced. Investors should be made
to realize that ignorance is no longer bliss and what they are losing by not investing.

So the advisors should try to change their mindsets. The advisors should target for more
and more young investors. Young investors as well as persons at the height of their career
would like to go for advisors due to lack of expertise and time.

8.4 PRODUCT SPECIALIZATION

Reliance is having too many financial products right from mutual fund to General Insurance
and not all the salespeople are familiar with each and every product so the work force
should be segregated each group dealing in a specific product and the sales target should
be given likewise.

8.5 SUGGESTION BOXES

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There should be provision of complain suggestion boxes at each branch so that the
problems of customers can be dealt with. This can be an effective system for showing
hospitality towards customers

8.6 CUSTOMER EDUCATION

The customer should be educated about the stock market to overcome his fear of
uncertainty in these markets and must be assured of expert advice in case of market
fluctuations. The customer should also be educated about the benefits of investment in
stock markets over other investment schemes.

CHAPTER 9 - APPENDIX
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Average Assets Under Management as of March 2010.

The Average Assets Under Management (AAUM) of Mutual Fund Industry has registered a
fall of 4.37 per cent for March 2010, after recording a rise of 2.64 per cent in February
2010.The fall during the month is seen as a result of banks and corporate pulling out money
to pay their respective advance taxes. According to the data, the AAUM of 38 fund houses
stood at Rs 7,47,524.58 crore in March 2010 compared with Rs 7,81,711.52 crore in Feb
2010. Of the 38 mutual funds, 23 registered fall in the AAUM in March 2010 compared with
February 2010 while 14 mutual funds saw a rise in AAUM. There were only 2 fund houses
which had seen an increase of above Rs 1000 crore in AAUM in March i.e. DSP Black
Rock Mutual Fund and SBI Mutual Fund. DSP Black Rock Mutual Fund and SBI Mutual
Fund saw a highest inflow of Rs 1,557.25 and Rs 1,344.81 crores respectively, while on the
other side, highest outflow were seen in HDFC Mutual Fund (Rs 6364.56 crores) followed
by Kotak Mutual Fund (Rs 5678.35 crores), Reliance Mutual Fund (Rs 5340.70 crores) and
LIC Mutual Fund (4158.37 crores).

Among the top five fund houses based on AAUM, Reliance Mutual Fund and HDFC Mutual
Fund and Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund faced decline while the other two fund houses
witnessed increase. Reliance Mutual Fund continues to dominate top fund house in AAUM
in March with Rs 1,10,412.71 crores, though it had dipped 4.6 per cent (Rs 5340.70 crores).
UTI Mutual Fund and ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund have gained by 0.6 and 1.1 per cent

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respectively. Being the new entrant to the market, Peerless Mutual Fund stood as the out
performer with 149.9 per cent growth as against February 2010. Other top performers were
Edelweiss Mutual Fund and DSP Blackrock Mutual Fund.

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am currently engaged in a study on “Customer Perception On Mutual Funds”.

In this connection I request you to read the following items carefully & answer them .The
answers you give will be held confidential & used purely for academic purposes.

Indicate your response by tick marking when applicable.

1.) Name:-

2.) Sex:-  Male  Female

3.) Age:-  Below 30  31 – 40 years

 41 – 50 years  above 50 years.

Academic Qualification (Last Qualification):-

Q1. Do you know about the Mutual Funds?

(a) Very good (b) Good
(c)Average (d) Poor
(e)No response

Q2. What are your objective /motive behind investment?

(a)Capital gain (b) Generate regular
(c)Secure future (d) Tax benefits

Q3. Where do you generally invest/save?

(a)Post office schemes
(b)Insurance
(c)Banks
(d)Share market
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(e)Mutual funds
(f)Govt. securities
Q4. How do you prioritize the reason for investment?
[Rank from 1-5, 1 being highest priority]

Saving for future __________

Tax incentives __________
Returns __________
Future outlook __________
Brand value __________
Risk factor __________

Q5. How did you come to know about mutual fund?

(a)Print media
(b)Electronic media
(c)Friend/relative
(d)Financial advisor/C.A
(c)Personal analysis
(f)Agents

Q6. What factors affect your decision for investment in Mutual Fund?
(a)Economic scenario
(b)Company image
(c)Fund performance
(d)Fund manager image
(e)Tax incentive

Q7. How much return you expect from Mutual Fund?

(a)5%-10%
(b)11% -15%
(c)16%-20%
(d)more than 20%
(e)can’t say
Q8. What kind of investment pattern you prefer in Mutual Fund?
(a)Growth schemes
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(b)Balanced schemes
(c)ELSS
(d)Sector specific schemes
(e)Income schemes
(f)Liquid schemes

Q9. What are the sources of information gathering for you regarding mutual fund?
(a)Company brochures
(b)Company websites
(c)Investment advisor
(d)Newspaper
(e)Friends and relatives

Q10. Are you aware that by investing in diversified investment avenues the average rate of
return would considerable go up?
(a)Yes
(b)No

Q11. Do you know that mutual fund is related to share market?

(a)Yes
(b)No
(c)Can’t say

Q12. For which company’s mutual fund or Banks mutual fund you are interested
(a) ABN AMRO
(b) HDFC
(c) Reliance mutual fund
(d) SBI Mutual fund
(e) ICICI
(f) Others

Q13. By structure in which type of schemes did you invested?

(a) Open - Ended Schemes

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(b) Close - Ended Schemes
(e) Interval Schemes

Thanks you very much for your kind co-operation & for taking time to complete this
questionnaire.

CHAPTER 10 – BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BOOKS REFERRED

• C R Kothari, “Research Methodology”,1st edition, New Age International Publishers,

ISBN: 978-81-224-1522-3

• Malhotra, Naresh "Marketing Research and Applied Orientation" IV Ed., 2005,

Pearson

• Agarwal, J.D. "Security Analysis & Portfolio Management: A Review, Finance India,
Vol. II No. 1, March 1989.

• AMFI –Mutual Fund Testing Programme for Distributors & Employees of Mutual
Funds in India.

• Fact Sheets of various Mutual Funds

• Economic Times

WEBSITES:

www.mutualfundindia.com

www.mutualfund.com

www.moneycontrol.com

www.saharaindiapariwar.net

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