CHAPTER FOUR

CONSTRUCTION, TESTING AND RESULTS

4.0 CONSTRUCTION
Each section of this design was constructed step by step and each of
their functionality was tested appropriately to ensure that the efficiency and
reliability of the entire design is enhanced.

4.1 TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

THE PROJECT.
The following tools were used for the construction of this project
design.
1. Soldering iron and lead
2. A lead sucker
3. Digital multimeter
4. Stripping knife
5. Long nose pliers
6. Wire cutter
7. Vero board
8. Bread board
9. Razor blade.

4.2. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

1. USE OF THE BREADBOARD
Bread boarding was first done to test if the design will work,
temporary or test connections were made on this board to carry out all the
necessary tests connections and variations so as to achieve the required
results. Wires were used to interconnect components simply by inserting the
components at the appropriate holes for connection.
The precautions observed in the use of the breadboard are as follows;
1. Coloured wires are used to identify the mains and differentiate them from
the ground.
2. All the connections were checked properly before power was supplied.
3. Use of voltmeter to confirm values from the circuit components.
4. Excess or unnecessary voltage rise was checked for.
5. Connections were made when power was disconnected from source.
4.2.1COMPONENT LAYOUT AND ARRANGEMENT
In the arrangement of the components, considerations were made on
the accessibility to the power supply, the major functional components were
placed closed together, for example, the 555 timers were placed closed to
each other, and the layout of the components are placed in such a manner as
to ensure efficiency of the circuit.
4.2.2 POSITIONING AND SOLDERING OF COMPONENTS
Before positioning of the components, the surface of the vero board
was cleaned with a smooth sand paper to remove any trace of dirt and oxide
decomposition. The components were neatly soldered and the copper strips
along the vero board were neatly scraped off at pounts where it is not needed
to avoid short circuits.
4.3 OTHER PRECAUTIONS OBSERVED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION

1. Continuity test was performed on the entire circuit to ensure that no

conducting path of the circuit was bridging.
2. All the naked conductors were properly insulated especially behind
switches at the output of the transformer.
3. After power was supplied to the circuit, all ICs were felt with the finger
tip to check for any heating component.

4. 4 CASING
The electronic circuit was enclosed in a door frame made of wood, and
the door frames was made of polished wood. Below is the diagram showing
the dimensions of the door;

Fig.4.4.1. the automatic door and the electronic circuit enclosed in the door
frame.
 4.5 BILL OF QUANTITIES
The table 4.5 shows the bill of quantity of components and materials
used for the construction of the construction of the project.

NO PART NO DESCRIPTION UNIT UNITCOST TOTAL

NO (N) COST
1 LM 385 Dual Op-amp 2 100 200
2 L7806 Fixed signal diode 2 100 200
3 IN4148 Small signal diode 2 50 100
4 NE555 Timer IC 6 60 360
5 TSOP1736 PCM IR receiver 2 500 1000
module
6 CD4013 Dual D- flip flop 2 150 300
7 CD4585 Digital magnitude 1 150 150
Comparator
8 CD4090 BCD up counter 1 150 150
9 74LS47 BCD to seven segment 2 200 400
10 CD4081 Quad 2-input AND 4 100 400
gate
11 CD4011 Quad 2- input NAND 2 100 200
 gate
12 CD4071 Quad 2-input OR-gate 1 100 100
13 C1815 General purposes NPN 3 30 90
BJT
14 6V Relay 3 80 240
15 6V d.c motor 2 300 600
16 240/12,300 Step down transformer 1 200 200
mA
17 240/12, 1A Step down transformer 1 500 500
18 Infrared LEDs 2 100 250
19 Seven segment display 2 250 500
20 ½ watts resistor 24 5 120
21 Capacitors(small) 9 20 180
22 2200μF/16V Electrolytic capacitors 2 100 200
23 Door Construction 1 7000 7000
24 Power cord 1 150 150
25 AC socket 1 150 150
26 Rectifier module 2 100 200
27 Miscellaneous 2000
TOTAL=
N15, 940

4.6 TESTING
Continuity test was performed on the circuit during construction, this
was done to ensure that there was no short circuiting of components. The
supply voltage was tested and the value obtained was 180Vav ( this is the
average supply voltage from the power supply authorities). The output
voltage from the transformer was 11.5Vrms which finally became a peak
value of √2×11.5 = 16.26V
The sensitivity of the detector unit of the design was also tested and
was found to be adequate for its application. The response of the count was
also tested and found to be adequate for the design application.

4.7 RESULTS
The d.c rating of the transformer serving the electronic circuit is
300mA while that servicing the door drive is 1A.
The maximum number of counts of the design is nine and the delay
time for the design to put off power from the mains is 15 seconds