Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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UK Poverty
Programme
PHOTO: RACHEL MORTON/OXFAM
▲ Graffiti on Gellideg
housing estate in Wales.
1 Participation
and social inclusion
PHOTO COURTESY OF WOMEN'S DESIGN SERVICE
“
situation? What had to happen to bring about change?
working on this Interviews looked at the different needs of men and women
project I’ve done and issues around training and employment, childcare,
all sorts of things I stereotyping, low self-esteem and low expectations. Gender
analysis focused on how women and men, old and young,
haven’t done before.
”
coped differently with their different situations.
Somirun Bibi, volunteer,
Women and Regeneration project The Foundation made recommendations for change at local,
regional and national levels. They successfully applied for
European funding to carry some of these out. And they found
that the process had changed them as well.
The Women and Regeneration Project was part of the
Women’s Design Service. The project aimed to build the
capacity of women to influence the decisions and policies of
their regeneration partnership boards and develop guidance
for good practice. It focused on the involvement of specific
groups, including elderly women, disabled women, ethnic
minority women and women on low incomes. Case studies
included community consultation exercises where local
women undertook surveys of women’s perceptions and
We don’t recognise needs in regeneration. For example, one of their findings
“
was that Black and minority ethnic women experience racism
ourselves – we’re
and discrimination when using the built environment. One
so gender aware now, disabled woman noted how difficult it was to get around:
we even heckled the ‘You can only wait so long at a bus stop… after the third or fourth
stand-up comic on our bus goes past, when the driver says the ramp does not work, it’s
Christmas night out for much more tempting to turn around and go home.’
”
sexual stereotyping! The project resulted in increased skills for the women
Mark Connolly, involved – and better information for policy makers.
Gellideg Foundation Group
2 Gender mainstreaming:
building in not building on
UTTING gender at the centre of regeneration schemes
“
elsewhere more widely in the future. Mainstreaming
is a strategy that
Projects are beginning to emerge in other SIP areas that
aims to make equality
respond to the different needs of men and women. The
Healthy Living Project, while broadly constructed, has considerations a
specifically targeted men’s health issues in the Gorbals, and regular part of the
Greater Easterhouse has undertaken a review of women’s mainstream policy
services in the area.2 process. It entails
In 2000, South Yorkshire obtained European funding through building in equality
Objective 1. As such funding includes a requirement to main- rather than building it
stream gender, this became central to all regeneration projects. on to existing policies
As a result, there have been a number of initiatives including:
”
and programmes.3
● A cross-cutting themes team whose role is to embed Engendering the work of SIPS in
gender equality in all aspects of the funding process. Glasgow, Rona Fitzgerald, 2002
“
unemployed men and women’s employment.
organised. We need
● A gender manager to oversee projects and progress
a structure to broaden
on mainstreaming.
out involvement and to
● A gender champion to actively promote understanding
build a strong lobbying
among staff, partners and project applicants.
”
organisation.4
● Research on baseline information to monitor gender,
Laura Moynahan, Netherthorpe and
ethnicity and disability and monitor the gender balance Upperthorpe Community Alliance
of all programme structures.
DAVID ROSE/PANOS PICTURES
C
“
surveyed a dilapidated old shop with a brief to turn it into a
this period (2002 - snazzy new cafe/bar. They were shown how to look for damp
2003) ends with an air and defects, how to change the structure, and think about
access and building regulations. Later, they designed the
of optimism because
cafe/bar, taking everything they’d learned in the morning into
I have seen the huge account. The day ended with a visit to a Gleeson’s building
opportunities available site in Sheffield. The girls’ verdict on the day: ‘a brilliant day’;
to us as women and ‘thank you for the experience’; ‘it has made me seriously consider
construction as a job’ and ‘as a result I am going to apply for
”
as an organisation.
Isadora Aiken, South Yorkshire the architecture course at Hallam University’.6
Women’s Development Trust
“
that measures needed to be taken by the council to reduce
crime and fear of crime against women. last 25 years gone
● In 2001 members of the voluntary and statutory agencies and what have we
established a Violence Against Women Alliance (VAWA). seen for it? From
The VAWA Joint Investment Plan addresses the needs of childcare to eldercare
women, and offers a gender-sensitive approach.
the barriers remain…
● The police have specific targets to cut street crime and
We need a steam-
car crime. Locally they operate a proactive policing policy,
and are working to increase police responses to incidents
roller to move
of domestic violence. women’s issues
● The police, working in partnership with Thurrock Life Line forwards in
”
Community Call centre, established a new service aimed regeneration.10
at providing support and assistance for people suffering Pat Midgeley,
Lord Mayor of Sheffield
from domestic violence, crime and racial harassment.
● South Essex Rape and Incest Crisis Centre (RESPECT)
works with young people using drama and discussion to
raise issues such as power and control within
relationships, sexual and domestic violence, pregnancy,
and drug and alcohol misuse.
“
● Work at Oak Wood has been undertaken to improve Women (of all
visibility into the forest from the road to enhance safety ages)… are
for women users. largely invisible in
● Five street wardens had been appointed (with one more the National Strategy
waiting to take up their post). As a result of a conscious for Neighbourhood
diversity policy, these were two women and three men
”
Renewal.11
from white, Asian and Black African ethnic backgrounds. Young, urban and female,
YWCA, 2001
■ Only 30% of minority ethnic women are managers ■ Men are twice as likely as women to be sacked or
13
or professionals, compared to 40% of black men, made redundant.
even though 52% of black women have further and
■ 91% of lone parents are women: lone mothers and
higher education qualifications, compared to 28%
older single women are most likely to suffer from
of white women and 36% of black men.12
chronic or persistent poverty.14
▲ Fundraising stall held by
5 Recommendations
Cae Mawr (FOJ) community
group, Llandudno, Wales.
“
It is essential that 1. Introduce gender guidelines and requirements
the big spending in government and UK funding agencies.
priorities have 2. Make gender central to all stages of the
”
women involved.15 regeneration process.
Janet Dean, Director of Environment 3. Analyse programmes by gender, acknowledging
and Leisure, Doncaster MBC
that women and men have different needs.
4. Provide training, toolkits and checklists to enable
practitioners to do this.
5. Ensure that each project has a ‘gender champion’– a
“
Through our
key decision-maker who can make things happen and
workshops with
be held accountable.
ReGender we now know
6. Involve decision-makers at all levels in gender-
our voices can be
awareness training.
listened to... We have
7. Set targets for positive action; whether this is improving
gained confidence and employment prospects for women, ensuring that the
we are getting to know same percentage of boys and girls pass their exams,
people who make or making buses more user friendly for the elderly, those
decisions in our local with restricted mobility and those travelling with children.
community. We are
gaining respect
”
for our efforts.
Woman from
Cae Mawr (FOJ) group, Llandudno
■ Boys are losing out in education: 57% of girls but ■ In one survey, 9.6% of women and 15.0% of men
only 46% of boys gained five or more A*- C grades said they had ‘no daily contact with family and
at GCSE or grades 1/3 SCE Standard NQ.16 friends’. 11.1% of women and 16.5% of men
said they felt ‘disengaged from all activities.’18
■ Men are the victims of 57% of muggings and 82%
of stranger assaults. 81% of victims of domestic
violence are women.17
PHOTO: RACHEL MORTON/OXFAM
Information
8. Break down information, statistics, targets and monitoring
by gender. Analyse and use this information.
9. Commission more research on gender and regeneration.
10. Use a gender analysis in evaluations of
regeneration schemes.
11. Collect and disseminate examples of good practice.
Involvement
12. Involve organisations focused on gender and ethnic
minority concerns in strategy, delivery and monitoring
of regeneration projects.
“
Training women to
13. Encourage and fund networks around gender, social go to regeneration
inclusion and regeneration. meetings and panels
14. Ensure that women and men are equally represented would help to get
on decision-making bodies, which should also contain women more involved
members with disabilities and from black and ethnic
and benefit from
minority groups. There need to be more women at
national level and more men at community level. the New Deal for
Communities.
”
15. Recognise that meeting such targets will require a
Woman from ReGender
willingness to change, and to share power more equally. project in Manchester
▼ ‘Who am I’ exercise with sticky notes. Cae Mawr (FOJ) group, Llandudno, Wales.
We are involved
”
big ‘P’.19
■ In Scotland, a survey found that households with ■ Women travel about less than men and use public
a male head of household are more likely to be transport more.21
buying their homes with a mortgage or a loan, ■ In construction and plumbing, only 1% of apprentices
while female-headed households are more likely are women, 99% are men; in engineering, 6% are women,
to be renting from a social landlord and also 94% are men. Those sectors with the lowest numbers of
more likely to be dependent on state benefits.20 women are also those suffering the worst skills shortages.
PHOTO: RACHEL MORTON/OXFAM
1 Rich Mix – inclusive strategies for urban regeneration, 11 Young, urban and female: young women and city
Sue Brownill and Jane Darke, Policy Press Joseph Rowntree regeneration Rachel Alsop, Suzanne Clisby and Gary Craig,
Foundation, 1998. YWCA, 2001
2 From Re-moving the goalposts: perspectives on women and 12 Public Management journal – Black Women Into Leadership?
regeneration, Sarah Clement, WDS, 2002 www.wds.org.uk Issues of Gender Blind Race Equality Post Macpherson,
Heidi Safia Mirza www.sourceuk.net/articles/f00353.html
3 Engendering the work of SIPs in Glasgow – gender impact
assessment and its application to social inclusion in 13 Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (ONS 2000)
Scotland, report to the Glasgow Women and Social Inclusion
14 Gender and poverty in Britain, Jonathan Bradshaw, Naomi
Working Group, Rona Fitzgerald, January 2002
Finch, Peter A Kemp, Emese Matthew and Julie Williams,
4 Celebrating women’s contribution to social and economic Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, Equal
development in South Yorkshire, The Source, Meadowhall, Opportunities Commission, Spring 2003.
April 2003.
15 as 4
5 Social Town Planning, Clara Greed, Routledge, 1999.
16 Regional trends 37, Office for National Statistics.
6 http://www.shu.ac.uk/schools/sed/witbe/ 17 British Crime Survey, 2001/2
7 The Press Association, Wednesday September 17 2003. 18 as 8
8 Poverty and Social Inclusion Survey, Gordon et al, 2000 19 as 11
9 as 8 20 Scottish Household Survey, Bulletin no 5
10 as 4 21 www.dft.gov.uk
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ReGender is funded by
the Barrow Cadbury Trust and Oxfam Oxfam GB is a member of Oxfam International. Registered charity no. 202918. 2075