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The writer, author of such masterpieces as Ideology of the Future, The Manifesto
of Islam, Fallacy of Marxism and First Principles of Education in English and
Qur’an aur ‘Ilm-e-Jadeed and Hikmat-e-Iqbal in Urdu, was arguably the most
distinguished scholar-student of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. He served as the
Director of Iqbal Academy Pakistan from 1958 till 1965. The present article,
reproduced with minor editorial changes, was a paper read by the author at the
first Pakistan Oriental Conference held at Lahore in December 1956.
The Meaning and Purpose of Islamic Research 13

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The Meaning and Purpose of Islamic Research 15

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