Sriven C Kadiyala

Grade 8
Indus International School
Hyderabad, AP, India
srivenck@gmail.com
Born On April 30th 1997
 The Perfect World
• Disease Free Mankind.
• Perfectly born children.
The Perfect Human Being
• Optimal Functionality of human beings achieved by what
I am proposing.
• No Handicap or Sorrow ever for any being.

The World as it must be. Welcome to Utopia !

 My Project Idea
• My project is to forecast/prevent the occurrence of any disease,
say cancer, in an unborn child by tracing the genetic data of its
ancestry from the human genome project.
• I match this gene data with the data from the Cancer Genome
Anatomy Project using SAGE Bioinformatics tool and find if any
over expressed gene causing cancer in the subject exists.
• If any cancer gene, does exist, then I tailor, the Cancer causing,
say CLASP2 gene as studied in this experiment, using gene
therapy to prevent the disease in the yet to be born child.
 What is Cancer?
• Cancer is the abnormal growth of
cells within the Human Body.
• Cancer is a genetic and
environment dependant disease.
• Presently, Cancer can only be
controlled/cured after occurrence,
not predicted and prevented.
• This is a painful and debilitating
process currently.
 What is a Cell?
• The Cell is the
smallest unit of any
living organism.
• An Estimated
100Trillion exist in
the human body.
 What is DNA?
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
found in the cell, is the
chemical that makes up
genes and chromosomes.
• DNA, in the double helix
structure, is the carrier of
genetic information of the
individual. The Nucleotides of
the DNA are Adenine,
Cytosine, Thymine & Guanine
or Uracil (for RNA)
 What are Proteins?
• Proteins are a group of
chemical substances
that build and run cells.
• Proteins are made of
Amino Acids.
 What is a Gene?
• A Gene is a set of
instructions that is
made of DNA.
• Genes have specific
functions and code for
specific parts of the
body.
 What is a Chromosome?
• The thread like structure
that are made up of
Genes, DNA and
Protein.
• There are 46
chromosomes in nucleus
of the cells of the human
body.
 What is RNA?
• RNA (Ribonucleic
Acid)
• Similar to DNA but
smaller and with
only one strand
instead of two.
• RNA helps in
making Proteins.
What is the Human Genome?
• The complete set of
Genes found in any
Human Being.
• The Genome is found
in each and every cell
of the Human
Body.
• The process by which the gene uses DNA to
make Proteins and RNA.
• When a gene produces too many Proteins and
RNA, it is called gene over expression.
 The Human Genome Project
• The Human
Genome Project is
designed to trace
the Human
Evolution and study
the Gene/DNA
Structure of Homo
Sapiens
.
 The Cancer Genome
Anatomy Project
• The Cancer
Genome Anatomy
Project (CGAP) was
created to study
and analyze Cancer
causing genes.
• It provides valuable
bioinformatics
search tools for
further research.
 What is Gene Therapy?

Gene therapy is treating a disease at

the gene level by either:
1. Tailoring (Cutting out) an
unwanted gene
2. Replacing a gene
3. Inserting more inhibitory genes.
 The Experiment
• In my experiment I will be dealing with the CLASP2 gene in
the Pancreatic type of Cancer tissue.
• The CLASP2 gene is an Over Expressed gene in the
Pancreatic type of Cancer tissue.
• The gene data for CLASP2 is taken from the Cancer Genome
Anatomy Project website.
• The procedure for finding the CLASP2 gene and prove that it is
Over Expressed is given below:
• Go to the CGAP website: http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/.
• Go to "SAGE Genie."
• Click on "The SAGE Digital Gene Expression Displayer."
• Select "Two SAGE library pools" and then click on "Submit."
• On the next page, select:
• Select: "Short tags"
• List libraries by: "Tissue Type"
• For Pool A, select "Include," Tissue Type "Pancreas," Tissue histology "Normal."
• For Pool B, select "Include", Tissue Type "Pancreas", Tissue histology "Cancer."
• "Exclude Cell Lines" should be checked in Pool A and Pool B.
• Click "Submit Query."
• The next page gives you the opportunity to alter the statistical parameters for your gene search—use the default
selections (F = 2, Q = 0.1). The "Chromosome" field should be "All."
• SAGE_Pancreas_adenocarcinoma_B_96-6252 should be check-marked as Pool B.
• SAGE_Pancreas_normal_B_1 should be check-marked as Pool A.
• SAGE_Pancreas_adenocarcinoma_B_91-16113 should be check-marked as Pool B.
• In the next step, the software will identify genes that are differentially expressed in these two pools.
• You will be required to input an e-mail address where the server can send you a notice when the comparison
search is done. Once you've filled in your e-mail address, click "Submit Query" at the bottom of the page.
• The next page lists all of the genes that are differentially expressed.
• Scroll to the bottom of the list to find the genes that are over-expressed in pancreatic cancer tissue (B>A, where
B is the pool of genes from cancerous tissue and A is the pool of genes from normal tissue).
 The Results
• The results as shown indicate that Clasp2
over-expressed gene is found only in cancer
cell but not normal cell, as we predicted.
Tag (nucleotide sequence) Gene Libraries (no. of libraries tag was Tags (basic data) Tag Odds A:B Q (False
name or found) (Significance of Discovery Rate)
Accession data)

A (Normal Tissue) B ( Cancer Tissue) A (Normal Tissue) B ( Cancer Tissue)

TCCCTTCTAT CLASP2 0 2 0 3619 0 0.00E+00
 Experiment Summary
• The experiment shows us that the over-
expressed CLASP2 gene is found only in the
cancer type tissue. This shows us that the over
expressed genes are a cause for cancer.
• This helps us to go to the next step of the
project to apply gene therapy to modify
CLASP2 gene, thereby eradicating cancer.
• This mechanism needs to be generalized for
all diseases for improved health of humanity.