Work assignment 1

Neuroscience glossary:

20 words + definition

Hand in Wednesday 25 August 2010

Werkopdrag 1

Neurowetenskap woord gallery:

20 woorde + definisie

Handig in Woensdag 25 Augustus 2010
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 GLOSSARY
Examples of commonly used terms and their meaning in
neuroscience = definition .

Aphasia. Impairment of communication by language in any form;

Aphasia.
expressive aphasia - inability to speak or write; receptive aphasia -
inability to understand spoken or written language.

Dementia.. Loss of intellectual function.
Dementia

Long--term memory.
Long memory. Recall of learned responses or material having
a duration of minutes to years.

Membrane potential.
potential. The electrical potential that exists across the
cell membrane as a result of inhomogeneous ion distributions

Nerve cell.
cell. A cell specialized for excitability and conductivity, syn
syn..
Neuron.

Paralysis.. Loss of function in a part of the body due to lesion of the
Paralysis
neural or muscular mechanisms controlling it.

Synapse.. The site at which neurons make functional contact.
Synapse

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Lecture 1
Identify all of the bones of the cranium and face.

Identify all bones that contribute to the orbit and nasal cavity.

Describe the functions of the skull.

Identify the bony components of the spine.

Identify the key parts of a typical vertebrae.

Discuss the major functions of the spine. 4

The Skull describes the skeleton of the
head and face. It is a portion of the
axial skeleton.

The axial skeleton consists of the

cranium, all the osseous elements of
the vertebral column, the ribs, and the
sternum.

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The skull can be divided into two
regions, the cranial bones
(neurocranium) and the facial bones
(viscerocranium).
The neurocranium is that portion
associated with the central nervous
system.
The viscerocranium is that portion
associated with the bones that form
the face.

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 Sutures

The immovable joints of the skull
1. Lambdoid suture
2. Coronal suture
3. Sagittal suture
4. Squamous suture

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The cranial bones is composed of
eight bones:

occipital (1),
parietal (2),
temporal (2),
frontal (1),
sphenoid (1),
ethmoid (1).

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9
Frontal bone

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 Frontal bone
frontal sinuses (visible in sectioned skull)

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 Frontal bone
supraorbital foramen
supraorbital margin

Flat part of the

Frontal bone

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 Parietal bone
forms walls of skull (parietal means wall)

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Occipital bone

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Occipital bone
External view

occipital condyles (aritculate with C1)

foramen magnum (Latin: big hole)

external occipital protuberance (head

resting bump)

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Occipital bone
Internal view

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Temporal bone

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squamous portion

petrous portion
(houses tympanic
cavity with the 3
ossicles and the
inner ear structures)

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external auditory
canal

mastoid process
mastoiditis

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zygomatic process

styloid process

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Sinusitis

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Mastoiditis

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 Sphenoid
giant bat/butterfly shaped, part of floor of cranium
hidden by more superficial bones

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 Sphenoid

superior orbital fissure (for bloodvessels and nerves)

sella turcica (resembles turkish saddle)
optic canal and optic groove (or chiasmatic groove)

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Sphenoid

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Sphenoid

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 Ethmoid
(irregular shape, very light and porous)
crista galli
cribriform plate with lots of olfactory foramina

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Ethmoid

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perpendicular plate (part of nasal
septum)

nasal conchae 30
 Pg. 10

Ant
Middle
Post

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 Pg. 10

Optic canal – CN II

Superior orbital fissure –

CN III, IV, V (Ophthalmic nerve), VI
CN I

CN V (Maxillary
nerve)

Entrance carotid artery

CN V (Mandibular nerve)

CN IX, X, XI
Middle meningeal
artery

CN VII and VIII

CN XII

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The facial bones consists of
fourteen bones:
nasal (2),
lacrimal (2),
inferior nasal conchae (2),
palatine (2),
vomer (1),
zygomatic (2),
maxillae (2),
mandible (1).

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The Orbital Complex

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 Left Frontal View of Skull

1. Frontal bone
2. Nasal bone
3. Lacrimal bone
4. Maxillary bone
5. Zygomatic bone
6. Temporal bone
Medial Lateral 7. Parietal bone
8. Greater wing of
sphenoid bone
9. Zygomatic process
of temporal bone
10. Lesser wing of
sphenoid bone
11. Ethmoid bone
12. Palatine bone
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 Review: The skull

Paired Cranial Bones:
Paired Facial Bones:

Parietals
Lacrimals

Temporals
Nasals

Unpaired Cranial
Zygomatics
Bones:
Maxillae

Frontal
Palatines

Occipital
Inferior Nasal Conchae

Sphenoid
Unpaired Facial Bones:

Ethmoid
Vomer

Mandible

[Hyoid

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Assign
Pg. 5

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Assign.
Pg. 6
The Orbital Complex

Supraorbital nasolacrimal
notch canal

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Portions of 7 cranial and facial bones

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