ie £853 e a opten I-30 bey fe (0,0); ginh Ae (1,0) | al t he Filzy4) Ye Fela) Fe hapi+ flop] mr Vectou fill (Wiha, Pate ae) . a eewwuw ware) ' 3 * Eno. ae Sr JES5 : : r s 8 9 x E.so Coueder , Ge tes! / fr(aiy a ( a) ee Wf ce Winding, Number, We = Yor $94. ae We decent Range under smooth deformation + dy How te uo find pour side He toed ewwe 'c', ee + For one feed point inside C, s We= +1 Pe ed. pcinls, We = Binet ‘< > Austogy to te weatdues % compler conbnun Culiurfeow > Swom = &M, Re ie sedan ke ty Velodty wetter, GF = yo faskor goatSh Mure ino aingulanityy , teal aden of femade oiek Seelns f Maeneattal Gee Q wep (F (2) Nfoajao) Topetogisal Strusbune of Slows = | + fy Feh@pith@pj.—e y\ x Foom QM, tine Lagr = VF ee? Suigadanity, ia ulated, to He plate - Crasente of inde oils 10m pine Hitt to siagulanty + Vosbicity, (Sugar Momentum statts) Fe =P Fs — Garant ver probally density -Ba SN | Singularity ab "= 0 - ea Noes ba. az -0 ec BK = ony (when Bane 12 tungularity) B)-dk A be yro it Yow ie uo cingulanily - gyal ange or verbicily of Ue’ tystin goby) bon %1 4 =0 7 SingubanictyNotow Salary) = try) <0 7 Aieed point — tingubanity bude, We mead 4: ak + mtoyy ihe Comptech « 9 ie ee 20 Sanmenic owilbator , uy wee 1 E(x) no x eee P=\yr~ xt hen &—40, Yaw oho ze nel? Phase Sr mY = LUZ ao Ny Zh in aualytic but Due hae dingubanitey - Now, veodty 1 oe ~ WE. 4 Ody ok 220% | + Now for , a W = Sig (deetty) 74 Has ge y i a How , Fe Fprify = arty = 10° VOtuding Number) ble +4fee Me is ) (ease) | 1° Fi rifs = yrte (Preniard* 6 4") = x= 4 y= gle) fey -_ fj OF dio K Nowlin Oviletor Roblems :- © y{2x)=—g{x) © 40 90 Mm x0 @ Pew) = a (ver) Ms Z+ w't=0 . ae © FF pangs tk 6 + sue=0 ed © . AL ama —§ +84 =o a1 81 i ie&% sue mex, 2) © Aatume & ls wong antl Slant ust , %yw%-0 —@ O Can hove aclutiou oF He Fonme , Kle)= eolt) + E Hk) + E* Ret) + —® Ge ® uO; (Be + er ete +.) + wr (m+ emt ends...) = Ch(w+ems+e*arr-- -) (Fow miegticly , aurea Se hme) + €*hi(%) xm + 0c”) Ranchi af % only) ho + wrt =O Ry tury = hla) This cation veduses to A + W aye $(t) —> thew a foxed eacillaton 25/09/8014 Z+wene h(x, a) Rewue Neh) (for sengiesty) | H+ whe= Eh) —O@ Amume 2) = tole) + Exlt) + 2mrtyre OC) —O Pt @ & O; ‘ Got W*% =0 —(SHO) eet, emFy 4 ey Ieroten) = Cb) (ctike «toad onan toblin)— OE ( bea tie : ance = Flt) Loni : Solis ED ae be sullen an ZW = MHhw + Bee E - Vs Poa ucepes Sclution cf We Lomegonseus part MU = Ag crane : oh lS 5 ! : Shee Wot) Tate AMEN Sit anes atime aS * mo

tusonane «(basically %pct)-diverges) du His ue, we Cam take =) _-- ewww wwe & [b)= FUE) Cos wok 4 Or We can boweider A we - Then, 4 KO)= A cos wok + B in Web + Fees Ot - Oy weYe AL t-0, x0)=-0 FF (ee bb — coset) 4 og ow - LL + wWo® Hee . tie solution docs net diveye (Op fom) (as 2-9) Yolen A > we (use L- Hospi! Rule) , ee .., a Rm FL ek use ea 20 = Ft sin wot 2We Roca omc (C7) i at Aw Fou nel, T= Fit gin wet AT we eae Coo (wot +8) + J nla coe (nfweb 5d) + wh) Cra i) coe 1 ad Dh. «ata WADE ber (oot +6) AT We eK ao’a tubty = Winey ei é enn WH? * W(t0 + 2709 J2019 Z + wir = eh(e, a) ha Lorene Ca Ho= Aes Wor4s) wa ‘ “9 AC) =Gge hn (AD Cos (nwet +6) ) + hi(A)+ etn (Wet +) + C cos (wot +5) TFL Cpr) wet 4 %+Ut+Oxr=0 eee tog. - ox eth ode term : %+B-0 UNF orden + m= - 0% = -A coe (46) > Glb)= —Nyt Sin (+ +6) Z= Aces (L4s)- AL on 4%) Now exact olubion voorld be , ewe wees! ACH= A cos (i4et4$) & = A cos (b45) Hef, t din (L48) » AMM Wo 5 © > vey amall = Xo= A tos (+ +5) aH (due te We rerouant Pastcally Ct is coven leans ee xxi > Funan O(C OYE be meg bigthe Acos ((1+e,)4 +6) € te Bal) (Bub eb & eral 6 a a. Mapemmm Pentushelion le enme al ¢ Hs wola- @ hia, a) » P tlgsincided 000 w Wehner Cae rts. wh Kom Red Cy Oe ® D Fregusnny ox SS Doiaare « bistheds Ascii” Punk fen porherbain tang Eph { Fajosn( dew te? AM te Hegpency | Comectan to abaon the cingelrily (Prespeniey ener malialion) Livue +ewie cm ~G. Aseuming Hoe ane igo cee dee ae : Referee peut? [ew] «Tne aaging Reccaling Hime » bet ' eet ae ose napid past. Bri p Feieeedione — tion: . Ten, Aupidly Te me ' & dent (& +i)z— ch : C3 i Now iis dime scale can be gepauted into various thine scalee Starting wil To , T= €To Thee" MwA sloua hime doles ese podatlle te Me aya 7 tc jut Lite a goraineter - But tafack , thane cam Heals — skousr deque . faster degree ck ‘ he uprltten as % (ToT, Tt)SY Cowmiter a damped otcitlalon — Hane ane 2 bine scale K+ Ut 42-0 © cacttdory tine — Ton 2% [wo © danping iat ~ Thy ~!f9 Seat, we cat any the low A con (usp 4 6) — 4 Wo damping + A ta coudtank damping > A decreas esol ine Sms Gastealdy A All be a funcbibw ch Than - da a smaller Dine sale , A cau he condank 5 fuk im 2 Merge te ale A Aapeacs ew ie te Nes, or =¢h (fs, +1) 2-2 Jar 2 (ah aT on (3 fee) 4 Se Teh+et oy ih Ee ft lar) oly aT? z Ze a Teo Nous i SCT, Te Ta) SCD TI. Tn) + Cae (ToT, Tr) - pale pet fo aea\ au aT en mae aHh(a, % ~h(set ene exe 4) f #202) seu a ee +m) +0(e*) as ‘OTe oN at “Wes = h (xe, 990) +0(€) aS OTe € oda > i 2 i Ca H1)% =0—O: gea(wit. tr) A ai oun = pf 1 2 4 GP 2A +m = hae, O20 = M+ of rs ae moh fe) RRO ay hy 7 (BTN NCTE) = hee, 220 mate _, bb are he aT. of en amuet be , M Ro= Aces (To +o) 2 & phase Factor ate functions of otter time Seales th) cs (To + h(n, h))ne $wetx = h(a. x) Te Wet T- et a= 6" Cae 3° Oo oie (= A W)i Gert --) = hlxo,an) — 292 © OTe aTo IT OT) Solukton of O »- Me (Tey In A(T.- Tr) coe ( + 4(T---T)) Now consider @ , RS =h(%0 , 2x2 )— 2 Sao P10 Bt OT Nous (we, owe) will be a function af sin ( Yk wl OTe h(ae 1 Cleans Foupios avnios (20 oe) tau be expanded of Fousior t Rise > oy cos (n(Te+)) +h iu (n(Te +9) + n=) he\ 22 (Rea (To-+da))ro ; i } % RNS= F at coe (nT +40) +3. Go ct (n(cToe§) + al Fs ag (A E+) ee = a9 DA ena) +A Cos (+4) OR tc . ® fecks le a forced oillator preblew - Grom tle scuutin of ©, ue dow kucw shal ACB. tr) k BOW. - te) ae woe only Raowe thal ib ie independaxt + Te “Wwe Rave Ue fecedou to gt Wd of Be wesonaut Foam Ve ( ) Gm (Tre) ye ( Cos (Tob) i \ XN fo} Oo Siu. Gi 4+229M-0 ——@ oT a} toe: Xj + 2426-0 __@ 5 ay, yp we tar Beno Mow A Xb i clependentMT ae B eke COHN CHO) + FZ By en OC +o) ri) Crt +t) np Lente) ey Ceomanter + (ite)x od Exact scldtdn ear (b= A cos (fi4e & +5) = A cos ((145)t +6) = Nos, 2 +e2—-€% Eq foray (2 +1) m= — Acs (+4) ~2 Pee a aT, oT Hee, aj--A» $0 K ajo fa itt fico Vv i Thex , aA -0 yy A i independent of To & Ti - qi A=A(%,1 ) a +2A 96-0 on 7 -A+2Aa-0 == 'p ante a 7 b= Wty whe t= b(R.-) T= ACH IT 140 (T+ OT, +H od) = wah RL cau be Haken te he coutarts j we ek co((1 + Ely) + +4) —— 9) (nee ee, This is muck better how Layton erpansion areunl 4 Cl et mw be barge wollen bd Lange) . “ Fremyency alii given By A dlowly wasujurg hase aloo H+ Cnxt+x+ ev=0 ~> Dutting - Oxcillator - tyne (Me +e) © Fehte, x) Tune scales :- het TW et L= %o(Te,T) + EM (T/T) + O(e*) e et el tl) -0 > [z= Acti eas ( + AC) Ce e8%CT)\, +1) 4 = he, ough) 29% oreaty a Rus > Forcing Tou Lio + x8) — 2 Oxo eye : a lo yaleet OO, vaste ein (T+ O(n) @ — ALT) x (To + b(n) +2 [Acti cot (Te + BUT) Bb. ‘ON we Stu(T+4(1) tie onTdeuthy tie egouant forcing teams — gin (To+h) & cos (te +b) Dewant Uat We cootficiale of Lhe sedouance trams become sen => BHAT) +2 2A) =O —®@ ra PAECT) + 2 ACTIVE O —® ‘ oni Sele © fnot — ove eames Sn), A a No Scitisn: ACT) hoe” L Condtant (didepeudeut of To & Ti. Th geucrad , fo can cleperd on Te, Buk uw dew't cowsrdar this cose ) tO» “ar Aodb = 4, wn ‘on 8 7 abet) = aac) om =a, are" uti Bg Ae & > ab - 9,428 d= 3, a2 -O™) +h 5 wom. voy eee When €-70, ww alerld recovn ch=o 5 basically Ti-0iejeari Re= A(T) cas (To + bCT)) = — et: = ee ca (Te + ba + aad WU ey) or MH coe (44a + BAe (1-2o**D) ou Ev, % = Ace Now, (22, +1) m1 = =A ewe (ate +4)) ote ir 7 A = —H coe (3(+4)) fh Gap = RCm) cos (3CTe+4)) 82. x H(t) + A(t)eliojeora_ Bisaate Map ze F(x) LS Moy — Hn c Fay = Xn +o 4(an) fo. h Consul ae gpollem sible adodivem: poriodic -potentiol Vine $0 cos wh Teo wo “k+ufiaco AGM Ho cob 106 + Palgy. sn UE ase ok ‘ PR = Pe coe wk — eet Re ee a ee 8 WE Magy GWE = ee Pw mw etrwe Coe We p Yor Symes 1, tnanstornsion ) ae" En = ZT)» Py = RCT) ees Pot zee cos wT Pr,F, wm , 0 = Fla) Tanyas Re & Me ate ks he = a= ax, : | i Ba ax ™ a avelt , “ pe deed pot 2 ! be Scan) = 2"aaa trted 7 . Blaby oy Send sinks | Tam 4 Udy ‘ eral THAteae Tay = Ae) = Fe + ws) . = Rep + Fe) nt 0 (uty ¢ a Fee o> une Has (Ue ie vomg gmail) & [Pa | 7+ + Un Bouse 9 2 ie Udlale \Fcer| Ceo & unthile F(-Ya= K-20) ™ } a | emits os the | e Sr aicancl 7 PHI-y | ad yeast | mer e Wttin 1 oye = < file) flac) COP t Al 4tee ec | Phi Bower bound > 9-20 <5 (4-1)? <6 re qn DK < 14Ve (im Pee ea Beastie fet oy yg wah E 97-23 70 (hile ae (4-3) (Cet) 70 > yuk: = Abewaye tous “i 3 SHG > 3 <4<3- 449 “ Wis %) te 2 cyde wit be stable ° et |ory donge ‘pour Gand the sbuccture) —_ 383 | P66 ; Br epcle (wenuy- dedicate) Biuncabion Diagram on = Hol a pile tok bigurcation . a 4ork bidure $¢ a es Ate 2°» we get like a 4 cce ee 1 a A uycle —> § cycle attr « dncseass a Ndble Oh - N-3 wm» 2 euch Melt 4 cycle %3= 3.644 > B gele ME S-b6HH > 16 cycle Ro = 38-5699 > Conwenges i 2” eyde « & fon maximum he é., 4 (& Koop F(z) te o-1) use ever go to a=: Hite no => chaos - = = al a a a a 8 ’ Tha is wlba Audtranittenay >bi Be am, Maa hy, He become Langer and lar , 5 comerges o> $= 4-669 _, FergenBaum contend $ > memliy same for at PF Me ie Me vitiad point whee cyte atarks 22 jrolia | MG Y Xo M9 tp —> a> —5 Bq y Ho + 8x0 —> x! 5 2,! >. ep ai | “) 351 Qe, it Deviation > |xe-ad] ~ ome AL 70 => Chaos Lyapunow exponent FO (0) = $ (FC 4¢ -. #(m)))--) e ro eS = = = re = 5 5 r iMm ~ $(x0) 2mm = £(F ay) apie) (x) a “Oe = #1(#"(20)) FIFO ¢m0) ) - Fas) “Oto Ben = Pleo) F"\Canes) «fae OX Put this iw Ap 3 Ave bain hoo ne) Yn Zz ku | Fey] AL=0 &-ve S no excpouential copasabicn of tuizocho > re dhact Air 23.67, we have a change chastic alirator . % / F@)=20% , 0 cwclp oe j = 280-2), panes rie = eect. | Fi)=2n & —an AL= te 24 dohag chaos for te oatisad value af We l/p © Heh | wee Ka = tn (1- xn) cenen ath? Ons) = 4 sin? On coe’ Oy eh 20, &= no use Oe no Qn pn hatha Giak (7 2 hols (sot in Auytlabus) oon ner S eee Fm Re Fix) =0 => suporatadle 4ized pouub Fax = #(2n) B= P(e) —+ Fined posit feb Whe x" + Un + thn = Fla) + F(a") um + Uy PR) ud, ae ReeAG pe for. - mets. he -o(t-4) $= Ka-y-az 5 ©) Kb + pamadnetenn nell ig i t= ay4-bz Bi Stymimetay + Cry 12) — (-ery,2) Fe tle perambas oo 10 Deity. 2 free ponandion Futed poids > (28, 4/2) = (0,00) Btasitity Le w+Sxle) yey + 8ye) ZZ + $2) Eayahion Jor te fluctnablow :- Res St = -o (G2—Sy) Sys aSx by ay \ 3 = ez | Bz(t) = E S2o ay 2 compournt in atable FaNe2,M = [mo - Reon (Oro) (144) — Ao 2 0 aAt] (4 A Hor ene) <0 Aa © -Utep s (a9 ae * Fou 274-7 Th xy pene. Me ical point usd he saddle Buk attrardive ey dinection Bacically , uretabte Nowra {od pois es KL" g*_ 22 =0 2 (a -1-2 =0 ato = my oR ebleaiee + Hea] Fro (ba-n Abe, 4-1) > symimnery i maintainedPRH= V+ (be oH V4 b (eta) + 2bo(x-l) =O SE Av, Ao Ay tue Wee root > PO] C4-AN) (= Az (A= As) = —\d2d\s= 2bela-l) = Ads = -2be(a-1) nse considon Phe case of K 74 only bro 70 - <=> Atleret one Hoot is -ve & otter five are comytox congugate Te tune uk Wak otter fis nooks are comple conyoqate ye Me = XxiP pane 0 From numerical ealeulabion » sme fuk ied fA \on cay , LO; which enews Me obabilly of the LyADlion can Bioce spaats foecome sinetalte 7 nal ce 0. + Riplaip becomes Hopt bifureation occuas ab eG ue Spa s0) cndhical oink (4 < aby) Meaean, Nye > purely Lnaginary ie Plig)=0 > -ig? Bb + DE 4 ib lot P+ 2bo =o Both weal Ke Gnaginany poe kecome 30% bate) -f7=0 Bebe Hl) =2b-(A-i) | > Saving Adece , = SSE REE YE& {11/2019 Lowents Equations & = (2-4) - a XL =F ime Xu) i -7 yoviet d= AK. Bat Volume geuorsted by Me Lia evetiulton of crea A , t= fF dk = SG ay= -e—\-b <9 ~ Volune conduction Lappent => Flare choos nok giuour ofintely os font ie ee Comeder a fundion a, HYD = YO Wyre Ip (Z-Ro 4 - akt yh ae-ao)z Put % 12 Rom Lorerts eapabions —o a(e-y) + y (Kt-y —22) + (2-K- 3) (ay-bz) " = (ote gr blz %-Y20") + Hp at a ) Oxf of ollepesi When (iy iz) ie outside , < ws ) e e 074 cached + Flow ia bourded After Sa © wo ealle Fp om bint ugde - @ Flow will be Bounded © RUBLE NVobime phase Pe sx apace brajectories will be Conbiactug. > Woks A \ Wo -intoscetion of oT PAM Nat Tea ater oe TED aeee fount, analgeat the time aenice of C) , wale ae P wo Zn ane the poids when 2-0 Grew 7m, Cam we predict Zy 7 fesemblee the tent map Querttying Chass Lyapanor Saponeh aw ehe Y= tyapunoy Exponent TE W700 = chaos - KX = FR) ~ % Aekeuine awe As 1M Mor Ciqon value of A ~ Vu =bi lo, 04 ( max W) epte Xt Vint: cyde | feriodi onbth + Vy Plt a My = 4 ( oxi) 4 ( Bue OX) (0) = 2x) aXe) = OFO4--- Xn) xj (0) pit > 7 Cori) te = = BS OFL(CR) OXelt) Te OX PHO) es sunueuuuuud vuwwvaevad I IIIIII III) Tite OF \. fii 27g — MD Mod 28 S| da TRO iiae Note: epapunew export depeile ou Ue inttisd condition ~ Eraontle avenge o Le 4hojacia 4 Caramelice Orcittation %+ wWhx=0 (+7) =) WE) cam be Wo coo Ob on We (1 +e ce Ab) Consider a. pulse . W)= Wo(\te) ant <44 (2nsiy = Wo(I-€) , - (aay <4€ (ant 21, | t Wy cane ennn OSHS SSSSIISSISSSoul sctubion + 5 ure Per™ a0) path, ometing eth ete be nih i wes xT) = { c@ WHT), Sin WET). Ww. rueew wet Oo WET, Zz 1 ak ott Bar = FO vie Fo =u(nt Sar)rie HM wd 74 2 dot Fe dy dL Jor Hamittonian- saps ge piteninns (oti aD). . Aaa b= Te ty Cae or EA Teaa NShen \Th\ <2 5 ‘utlen \Ta\ 72 Ne eter 7 netalte: seclubiow 4 =te = — [We Y We) Siw eT Sm WT ee RCO eeepc t Zz e|\j y Blamittonian Oxnamie + Andegenbitthy wo claws 7 ‘iy Manigestation of chee Ww -ayantun. systens ? Wy Gemidasicad method (1-10) \VW = On | OP; R= — a 24 Dyrawizal voniatle — (4, qu: Ps i) Lanonical uaneformation = (fe 4) — (Pi, a) PER (pA + Pus % qn.) Q=Wlu-- > awe put) Rein) Mamillca's oysatiou sould be prvscarad & = oh OP; R~ -a a@ i See 4 = ahS= fe de > jer -W(pip)) de - 20° esti : pay Wi qnde = PAQ- HN (Paey ede