Report No : 07

Shop : MT (Light)
Title : Study & Observation the MT (Light) Shop.
Lathe Section

Lathe is one of the most important machines in any workshop. The initial objective of
using a lathe was to remove material from the outside of logs of wood while they were
revolving, thus producing a cylindrical shape that is uniform in diameter. Removal of
material from a piece of revolving work is still the main purpose of a lathe and it can also
be used to perform many other jobs as well.

Principal parts of a lathe machine :-

(1) Bed
(2) Headstock
(3) Tailstock
(4) Carriage
(5) Feed mechanism
(6) Thread-cutting mechanism
(7) Tool post
(8) Live centre
(9) Dead centre
(10) Spindle

The machinery operations that may be performed on a lathe: straight turning, taper
turning, facing, straight boring, taper boring, knurling, external threading, internal
threading, drilling, reaming, and undercutting.

Types of lathe machine and their advantages & disadvantages:-

Types of lathe Advantages Disadvantages
machine
1) Center lathe •All types of lathe operation can be • It requires more time to attach
performed. different cutting tools
• Not more than one cutting tool
can be attached at a time.
2) Vertical lathe •All types of lathe operation • Not more that one cutting tool
can be performed. can be attached at a time.
•Lathe operations can be
performed in a
comparatively
large work piece.
3) Capstain lathe •Drilling in several steps (maximum -
6 steps) can be performed by
attaching different sizes of drill bit in
a tool-post at a time.
•Less time is required in making a
desired shape of job.
4) Semi-Capstain - • Comparatively less no. of
lathe cutting tools can be attached
in a tool-post at a time.
Milling Machines

A milling machine is one that is designed to remove metal and other materials from a
piece of work with a revolving cutter as the work is fed against it.
Principal parts of a milling machine:-
(1) Column, (2) Knee, (3) Table, (4) Spindle, (5) Over-arm
Types of milling machine and their advantages & disadvantages:-

Types of milling Advantages Disadvantages

machine
1) Vertical milling • Vertical milling attachment is •More time is consumed ad
machine used for vertical milling different attachments are
It is used for face operations with large end mills required for face milling,
milling, profiling, die- and face mills. The spindle head profiling, die sinking and
sinking and various can be swiveled accurately to various odd shaped jobs.
odd- shaped jobs. any degree required from
angular milling.

2) Horizontal milling • Vertical machine attachment •More time is consumed ad

machine is used for horizontal milling different attachments are
It is used for face operations with large end mills required for face milling,
milling, profiling, die- and face mills. The spindle profiling, die sinking and
sinking and various head can be swiveled various odd shaped jobs.
odd- shaped jobs. accurately to any degree •Spiral –bevel gear can not be
required from angular milling. cut by horizontal milling
machine
3) Hob milling machine •All types of gear can be cut by •Only gear can be cut by hob
It is specially used for hob milling machine. milling machine.
cutting gears. Different •In case of cutting gears no
types of cutter are end attachment is required.
mill cutter, side milling
cutter, angular cutter,
double angle cutter,
convex cutter, concave
cutter and corner
rounding cutter.
Grinding Machine

A grinding machine is a machine which employs a grinding wheel for producing

cylindrical, conical, or plane surface accurately and economically, and to the proper
shape, size and finish.
Types of Grinding Machine:-
1) Cutter Grinding Machine:- A cutter grinding machine is a machine that holds the
cutter while a rotating abrasive wheel is applied to the edges for the purpose of
sharpening it. Main parts of this machine are work head, work head spindle, longitudinal
slide, wheel head, wheel head spindle and vertical slide.
2) Cylindrical Grinding Machine (External):- External grinding, as commonly thought
of, is the act of grinding the outside diameter of a piece of work while it is revolving on
its axis for the purpose of reducing it to size, and leaving a fine finish. However, external
grinders are also used to produce external cams, eccentrics and special forms on the
outside diameter of work.
Capacity: Bed size – 42 inches, Max. diameter – 10 inches, Max. length – 6 ft.
Operation: Grinding the outside diameter of a piece of work, producing external cams,
eccentrics, and special forms on the outside diameter of work.
Advantages
•After a job has been heat-treated (hardened), a good surface finish and extreme
accuracy as to size can be obtained.
•If parts can be designed so that the amount of stock to be removed is within grinding
limits, the grinding is much less costly than lathe turning.
Speed: Max. Speed -2000 r.p.m.
3) Surface Grinding Machine:- Surface grinding is the act of producing and finishing
flat surfaces by means of a grinding machine employing a revolving abrasive head.
Capacity: Max. length - 3 ft., max. width -12 inches, max. weight - 60 kg.
Specification: Magnetic table
Speed – Max. speed – 2800 r.p.m.
Limitation: Only flat jobs can be machined, the cylindrical shaped job can not be
machined by this grinding machine
4) Internal Grinding Machine:-
Internal grinding is the operation of grinding straight-cylindrical, tapered or formed holes
to accurate size.
Capacity: Max. length – 2.5 ft., max. diameter -5 inches
5) Center Grinding Machine:-
In center grinding machine headstock and tailstock are not included.
Capacity: Max. diameter - 8 inches.
Advantages: It can be used for large production.
Limitation: The job must not involve more than step.
6) Jig Boring Machine:-
Hard metal can not be cut by this machine as there is no grinding wheel in this machine.
Capacity: Max. diameter - 4 inches, max. length – 5 ft.
Specification: Boring spindle
Main parts-
End mill cutter – for cutting slot, face is flat (2, 3 & 4 slot)
Drill cutter - Face is an angle- 2, drill angle – 116
Boring output – Center punch – Central drill – boring.
Advantage: Max. accuracy can be maintained (0.0001 inch or 0.002 mm).
Limitation: Atmospheric temperature must not exceed 400C. If the temperature is
exceeded, the spindle will jump.
Speed: Max. speed 2500 r.p.m.
7) Jig Grinding Machine:-
It can be operated for hard and soft metals.
Main parts: Grinding wheel, grinding head and air compressor
Capacity: Max. diameter - 8 inches, max. length – 5 ft
Speed- 1,60,000 r.p.m
Advantage: Both hard and soft metal can be operated here as grinding wheel is provided.
Disadvantage: This machine should be kept under 400C, otherwise grinding can not be
performed.