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AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE
AX-2
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The A132L automatic transaxle described in this AX section is a 3-speed automatic transaxle
with a lock-up mechanism developed exclusively for use with transversely-mounted engines.
AX-3
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - DESCRIPTION
OPERATION
OPERATION
- --Operating
Shift lever
Gear position
position
Parking
Reverse
Neutral
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
1st
* 2nd
*Down-shift in L position, 2nd gear only-no up-shift.
AX-5
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - OPERATION
1. FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS
Component Function
Forward Clutch Connects input shaft and front planetary ring gear.
Direct Clutch Connects input shaft and front & rear planetary sun gear.
Prevents front & rear planetary sun gear from turning either clockwise or
2nd Coast Brake counterclockwise.
Prevents outer race of F1 from turning either clockwise or counterclockwise thus
2nd Brake preventing the front & rear planetary sun gear from turning counterclockwise.
1st & Reverse Brake Prevents rear planetary carrier from turning either clockwise or counterclockwise.
When B2 is operating, this clutch prevents the front & rear planetary sun gear
No. 1 One-Way Clutch from turning counterclockwise.
No. 2 One-Way Clutch Prevents rear planetary carrier from turning counterclockwise.
These gears change the route through which driving force is transmitted in
Planetary Gears accordance with the operation of each clutch and brake in order to increase or
reduce the input and output speed.
AX-6
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - OPERATION
Power from the engine transmitted to the input shaft via the torque converter clutch is then
transmitted to the planetary gears by the operation of the clutch.
By the operation of the brake and one-way clutch, either the planetary carrier or the planetary
sun gear are immobilized, altering the speed of revolution of the planetary gear unit.
Shift change is carried out by altering the combination of clutch and brake operation.
Each clutch and brake operates by hydraulic pressure; gear position is decided according to the
throttle opening angle and vehicle speed, and shift change occurs automatically.
The conditions of operation for each gear position are shown in the following illustrations:
AX-7
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - OPERATION
PREPARATION
SST(SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS)
09043-38100 Hexagon 10 mm Wrench Oil pan drain plug
09201-6001 1 Valve Guide Bushing Remover & Speedometer driven gear oil seal
Replacer
(09351-32130) Handle
EQUIPMENT
Straight edge Check torque converter clutch
installation.
Dial indicator or dial indicator with magnetic base Measure inside diameter or
piston stroke.
Torque wrench
Voltmeter
Ammeter(A)
Ohmmeter
LUBRICANT
Item Capacity Classification
Automatic transaxle fluid ATF DEXRON® II
w/o Differential oil
Dry fill 5.5 liter (5.8 US qts, 4.8 Imp. qts)
Drain and refill 2.5 liter (2.6 US qts, 2.2 Imp. qts)
Differential oil 1.4 liter (1.1 US qts, 0.9 Imp. qts) ATF DEXRON® II
w/ Automatic transaxle
TROUBLESHOOTING
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Troubles occurring with the automatic transaxle can be caused by either the engine or the
transaxle itself. These 2 areas should be distinctly before proceeding with troubleshooting.
2. Troubleshooting should begin with the simplest operation, working up in order of difficulty,
but first determine whether the trouble lies within the engine or transaxle.
3. Proceed with the inspection as follows:
PRELIMINARY CHECK
1. CHECK FLUID LEVEL
HINT: The vehicle must have been driven so that the
engine and transaxle are at normal operating temper-
ature.
Fluid temperature: 70-80C (158-176F)
(a) Park the vehicle on a level surface, set the parking
brake.
(b) With the engine idling, shift the selector into each
gear from P position to L position and return to P
position.
(c) Pull out the transaxle dipstick and wipe it clean.
(d) Push it back fully into the tube.
(e) Pull it out and check that the fluid level is in the HOT
range.
If the level is at the low side of the hot range, add fluid.
Fluid type:
ATF DEXRON® II
NOTICE: Do not overfill.
STALL TEST
The object of this test is to check the overall performance of the transaxle and engine by
measuring the maximum engine speeds in D and R positions.
NOTICE:
• Perform the test at normal operating fluid temperature 50-80°C (122-176°F).
• Do not continuously run this test longer than 5 seconds.
MEASURE STALL SPEED
(a) Chock the front and rear wheels.
(b) Mount an engine tachometer.
(c) Fully apply the parking brake.
(d) Keep your left foot pressed firmly on the brake pedal.
(e) Start the engine.
(f) Shift into the D position. Step all the way down on the accelerator pedal with your right foot.
Quickly read the highest engine RPM at this time.
Stall speed:
2,400±200 rpm
(g) Perform the same test in the R position.
EVALUATION
(a) If the engine speed is the same for both positions but lower than specified value:
• Engine output may be insufficient
• Stator one-way clutch is not operating properly
(b) If the stall speed at the D position is higher than specified:
• Line pressure too low
• Forward clutch slipping
• One-way clutch No.2 not operating properly
(c) If the stall speed at the R position is higher than specified:
• line pressure too low
• Direct clutch slipping
• First and reverse brake slipping
(d) If the stall speed in the R and D positions is higher than specified:
• Line pressure too low
• Improper fluid level
AX-15
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
HYDRAULIC TEST
1. MEASURE LINE PRESSURE
(a) Warm up the transaxle fluid.
(b) Remove the transaxle case test plug and mount the oil pressure gauge (SST).
SST 09922-00094
NOTICE: Perform the test at normal operating fluid temperature 50-80C (122-176F).
(c) Fully apply the parking brake and chock the 4 wheels.
(d) Start the engine and check the idle speed.
(e) Shift into the D position, step down strongly on the brake pedal with your left foot and while
manipulating the accelerator pedal with the right foot, measure the line pressure at the engine
speeds specified in the table.
(f) In the same manner, perform the test in the R position.
Line pressure D position kPa (kgf/cm2, psi) R position kPa (kgf/cm2, psi)
Idling 363-422 (3.7-4.3, 53-61) 530-706 (5.4-7.2, 77-102)
Stall 902-1,049 (9.2-10.7,131 -152) 1,412 -1,648 (14.4 -16.8, 205 - 239)
(g) If the measured pressures are not up to specified values, recheck the throttle cable adjustment
(See page AX-12 ) and retest.
AX-17
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
EVALUATION
(a) If the measured values at all positions are higher than specified:
• Throttle cable out of adjustment
• Throttle valve defective
• Regulator valve defective
(b) If the measured values at all positions are lower than specified:
• Throttle cable out of adjustment
• Throttle valve defective
• Regulator valve defective
• Oil pump defective
(c) If pressure is low in the D position only:
• D position circuit fluid leakage
• Forward clutch defective
(d) If pressure is low in the R position only:
• R position circuit fluid leakage
• First and reverse brake defective
• Direct clutch defective
AX-18
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
Puerto Rico
Count drive gear Vehicle speed (Reference) Governor pressure
27 km/h 49-127 kPa
1,000 rpm (17 mph) (0.5-1.3 kgf/cm2, 7-19 psi)
ROAD TEST
NOTICE: Perform this test at normal fluid temperature,
50-80 °C (122-176°F).
1. D POSITION TEST
Shift into D position and while driving with the accel-
erator pedal held constant at the throttle valve full
open, check on the following points:
(a) Check to see that the 1 -2 and 2-3 up-shifts take
place and also that the shift points conform to those
shown in the automatic shift schedule.
(See page AX-24 )
EVALUATION
If there is no 1-2 up-shift:
• Governor valve is defective
• 1-2 shift valve stuck
If there is no 2-3 up-shift:
• 2-3 shift valve stuck
If the shift point is defective:
• Throttle cable out-of adjustment
• Throttle valve. 1-2 shift valve, 2-3 shift valve,
etc. defective
(b) In the same manner, check the shock and the slip at 1
-2 and 2-3 up-shifts.
EVALUATION
If the shock is severe:
• Line pressure is too high
• Accumulator is defective
• Check ball is defective
(f) While running about 60 km/h (37 mph) in the 3rd gear
of D position, release your foot from the accelerator
pedal and shift into L position. Then check to see if
the 2 - 1 down - shift point conform to those in-
dicated in the automatic shift schedule.
(See page AX-24 )
3. 2 POSITION TEST
(a) While running in 2 position, 2nd gear, release the
accelerator pedal and check the engine braking effect.
EVALUATION
If there is no engine braking effect:
• Second coast brake is defective
AX-22
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
4. L POSITION TEST
(a) While running in L position, check to see that there is
no up-shift to 2nd gear.
5. R POSITION TEST
Shift into R position and, while running at full throttle,
check the slipping.
AX-23
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
6. P POSITION TEST
Stop the vehicle on a gradient (more than 9%) and,
after shifting into P position, release the parking
brake. Then check to see that the parking lock pawl
prevents the vehicle from moving.
AX-24
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - TROUBLESHOOTING
Puerto Rico
Shift position Shifting point Vehicle speed km/h (mph)
Throttle valve fully opened 1→2 47-59 (29-37)
2→3 90-100 (56-62)
3→2 84-99 (52-62)
2→1 34-41 (21 -25)
D position Throttle valve fully closed Lock-up ON 70-77 (43-48)
Lock-up OFF 66-72 (41 -45)
AX-34
AX-41
See page
C1 accumulator
B2 accumulator
Governer valve
1-2 Shift valve
2-3 Shift valve
Throttle valve
Manual valve
Symptom
1st → 2nd
No-up shift
2nd → 3rd
3rd → 2nd
No-down shift
2nd → 1st
“N”→ “R”
“N”→ “D”
“N”→ “L”
1st → 2nd
(”D” position)
Harsh
engagement 1st → 2nd
(”2” position)
2nd → 3rd
3rd → 2nd
AX-26
: Refer to ’94 A131L, A132L Automatic Transaxle Repair Manual.
No kick-down
Poor acceleration
No lock-up
No engine braking
Slip
Suspect Area
Symptom
See page
2nd (”2” position)
1st
3rd
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE
Torque converter clutch AX-41
Forward clutch (C1)
-
Direct clutch (C2)
TROUBLESHOOTING
N No. 2 one-way clutch (F2)
1st and reverse brake (B3)
Second brake (B2)
No. 1 one-way clutch (F1)
Pressure relief valve
Oil strainer AX-27
Second coast brake (B1)
1-2 Shift valve
2-3 Shift valve
Lock-up relay
Lock-up signal valve
AX-27
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - VALVE BODY
VALVE BODY
VALVE BODY REMOVAL
1. CLEAN TRANSAXLE EXTERIOR
To help prevent contamination, clean the exterior of
the transaxle.
2. DRAIN TRANSAXLE FLUID
Using a heagon wrench, remove the drain plug and
drain the fluid into suitable container.
(c) Finger tighten all the bolts first. Then tighten them
with a torque wrench.
Torque: 10 N-m (100 kgf-cm, 7 ft-lbf)
THROTTLE CABLE
THROTTLE CABLE REMOVAL
1. DISCONNECT THROTTLE CABLE FROM ENGINE
Disconnect the cable from the throttle linkage.
GOVERNOR VALVE
GOVERNOR VALVE REMOVAL
1. REMOVE TRANSAXLE DUST COVER
2. DISCONNECT LH DRIVE SHAFT
(See page SA-22 )
TRANSAXLE REMOVAL
CAUTION: Work must be started after 90 seconds from
the time the ignition switch is turned to the ’LOCK’ position
and the negative (-) terminal cable is disconnected from
the battery.
1. REMOVE BATTERY
2. REMOVE AIR DUCT
3. REMOVE THROTTLE CABLE FROM ENGINE
TRANSAXLE INSTALLATION
1. INSTALL TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH IN TRA-
NSAXLE
If the torque converter clutch has been drained and
washed, refill with new ATF.
Fluid type:
ATF DEXRON® II
WIRING DIAGRAM
AX-47
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE - SHIFT LOCK SYSTEM
SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS
SERVICE DATA
Governor Pressure (Vehicle speed reference)
Counter drive gear Except Puerto Rico
1,000 rpm 30 km/h (19 mph) 49-127 kPa 0.5-1.3 kgf/cm2 7-19 psi
1,800 rpm 54 km/h (34 mph) 147-226 kPa 1.5-2.3 kgf/cm2 21-33 psi
3,500 rpm 105 km/h (65 mph) 412-490 kPa 4.2-5.0 kgf/cm2 60-71 psi
Counter drive gear Puerto Rico
1,000 rpm 27 km/h (17 mph) 49-127 kPa 0.5-1.3 kgf/cm2 7-19 psi
1,800 rpm 49 km/h (31 mph) 147-226 kPa 1.5 - 2.3 kgf/cm2 21 -33 psi
3,500 rpm 96 km/h (60 mph) 412 -490kPa 4.2 - 5.0 kgf/cm2 60-71 psi
SHIFT POINT
Except Puerto Rico
Shift position Shifting point Vehicle speed km/h (mph)
Throttle valve fully opened 1→2 51 -64 (32-40)
2→3 98-1 11 (61- 69)
3→2 92-107 (57-66)
D position 2→1 37-45 (23-28)
Throttle valve fully closed Lock-up ON 77-84 (48-52)
Lock -up OFF 72-79 (45-49)
Puerto Rico
Shift position Shifting point Vehicle speed km/h (mph)
Throttle valve fully opened 1→2 47-59 (29-37)
2→3 90-100 (56-62)
3→2 84-99 (52-62)
D position 2→1 34-41 (21 -25)
Throttle valve fully closed Lock -up ON 70-77 (43-48)
Lock -up OFF 66-72 (41 -45)
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Part tightened N-m kgf-cm ft-lbf
Engine rear mounting bracket x Engine 590
Engine rear mounting bracket x Body 740
LH engine mounting 440
Transaxle x Engine 12 mm bolt 64 650 47
10 mm bolt 34 350 25