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1 I C TBA 810 _ 1
2 I C CXA 1619 BS _ 1
3 Power connector _ 1
4 Transformer 6v-0-6v,200mA 1
5 Speaker 7 ohm 1
6 FM tunning control 1
variable Gang capacitor 22PF
7 Volume control 10 KA 1
8 Diode IN 4007 1
150 Kohm 1
100 Kohm 1
100 ohm,2.2ohm,56ohm Each 1
11 Capacitors 1000 micro farad /12V 1
22PF 1
33 PF 1
3.3NF 1
BACKGROUND TO FM RECEIVER
DESIGN
An a.m. receiver relies upon the original carrier signal (station
frequency) having been amplitude modulated. This means the original amplitude
(strength) varies at an audio rate. Looking at figure 1 we can see an unmodulated
carrier signal as it might be seen on an oscillo
scope.
perhaps the a.m. carrier signal repeats each cycle from point (a) to
point (b) in figure 2 below at the rate of 810,000 times a second, this represents
a frequency of 810 Khz and would be in the a.m. radio band.
Figure 2. one complete cycle of signal If the signal were varied at 101,700,000
cycles per second then it would be 101.7 Mhz and located in the f.m. radio
band.
Now if the signal of figure 1 is amplitude modulated it looks like the signal in
figure 3 below.
RF AMPLIfIER SECTION:
It is used in front end of the FM receiver.they select desired the
signal frommany modulated signals and amplify them to the required level.It is
used for very important to reduce the noise figure.It is also important to match the
input impedance of the receiver to that of the antenna.FM receivers are designed to
operate VHF and UHF range.
FREQUENCY CHANGER:
It has two sections .i.e mixer and local oscillator.Frequency
changer is also called detector circuit.By the principle of heterodyne ,input to the
mixer and local oscillator output is mixed and the mixer produces the difference
frequencies which is called as “Intermediate Frequency”(IF).Therefore an FM
receiver employing double frequency conversion is also called as triple detection
receiver.It avoids the tracking problem.
IF AMPLIFIER SECTION:
LIMITER:
The amplified IF signals at the output of the second IF amplifier are
passed through a limiter stage before being passed on to the discriminator.The
purpose of a limiter stage is to provide constant amplitude IF signal with the same
frequency deviation as produced by the modulating signal at the input of
discriminator so that ,the amplitude variations in FM due to external and internal
noises do not reach the receiver output.
DE-EMPHASIS CIRCUIT:
DISCRIMINATOR OR DETECTOR:
AF and POWERAMPLIFIER:
The output of the detector is passed to an audio
amplifier to amplify the detected baseband signal to the required level.Then
amplified output is given to the speaker.
An oscillator is an FM detector:
FM STATIONS:
FM RADIO :
Supply volt=6.0v
Minimum current=10mA
Maximum current=100mA
1 Ground
2 Ground
3-Fm Disc Phase shift circuit connected to ceramic Discriminator
4-NF Negative Feedback
5-vol cont Connect Variable Resistor to electronic
Volume Control
6-AM Osc AM Local Oscillator Circuit
7-AFC AFC Variable Capacitor
8-FM OSC FM Local OSC Circuit
9-Reg Out Regulator Output-1.25v
10-FM RF Connect FM RF Tuning coil
11-AM RF IN AM RF Input
12-NC NO Contact
13-FM RF IN FM RF Input
14-FE GND Ground
15-FM/AM FE Out IF Output pin Of FM &AM connect IF Filter
16-FM/AM Band Select FM and AM Band Selection. During GND it
becomes AM&FM when it Opens
17-AM IF IN Input Of IF AM Pin
18-FM IF IN Input Of IF FM pin
19-NC NO Cantact
20-Meter For Tunning Indicator
21-IF Gnd Ground
22,23-AFC/AGC During AM it Determines the time constant
24-DET Out Detection Output
25-AF IN Power Amplifier
26-Ripple Filter Ripple Filter
27-VCC Power Supply Connection
28-AF Out Power amplifier Gnd
29,30-Gnd Ground
CONSTRUCTION :
CIRCUIT OPERATION:
ADVANTAGES:
1.FM is immune to noise signals and is able to reproduce all the AF frequencies.
2.Stability is very high.
3.sensitivity is also high
4. IC CXA 1619 BS Operates In both AM/FM Reception.
5.Easy to Design.
6. Bandwidth is Uniform.
7. Selectivity of the receiver is high.
APPLICATIONS:
The Radio was used in weather forecasting,entertainment,education and for
military purposes.
CONCLUSION:
Thus the FM receiver was constructed using the IC CXA 1619BS and
TBA 810 and it receives the station signals successfully.
References: