Interview Questions Ans

DATASTAGE QUESTIONS
ASKED IN DIFFERENT INTERVIEWS
1. Could u tell me about the stage variables? Could u tell me, how u used it.?
Stage variables are the intermediate processing variables in the transformation stage.
They are used for holding the intermediate values in complex derivations in the
transformation stage.
2. How do u eliminate the duplicates when u initial load into the transformer ,when
the hash files are empty.?
Duplicates are removes by the use of “Reject” in the constraints of transformation stage.
Alternatively they can be eliminated by effective use of the hash files.
3.How is the order of execution done internally in the transformer with the stage
editor having multiple input links on the left hand side and multiple output links ?
Thru Link ordering page, in the transformer properties.
4.Did u write any routines ?

Yes I did , I wrote the routines to know where exactly my job was getting aborted(at
which row of my database)
6.Have u used aggregator stage?

Yes I Did, I have used it to group data and to know exactly about how my total data
behaves for certain groups ( I mean when I need to add the sum or Avg of a group of data
to know the sales and billing)
7 How do u test the job ?

Actually we have two ways of testing a job one is its Functional aspect and the other is
the technical aspect. Actually functional aspect was mainly handled by one more team
The errors and the other testing was done by me by the use of toggle-points and by
looking at the Job log.
8. Did u write any routines using BASIC programming?

Where exactly the job was aborting was tested by me by the use of Basic programming.
9. How would U track the performance statistics and enhance it?

Performance statistics can be known when we look at the job properties and select the
performance statistics option. You enhance it the following ways
1. Use of hash files for look ups ( referential and entity)

2. Use of proper hash file designs
3. Use of Link partitions and Link Collectors in case MPPs and SMPs
4. Use of IPC
5. Use of parallel extender
6. Using the buffer cashing of hash files
13. Have u written any function or shell script and what was the purpose and logic.
I have written shell scripts to concatenate two files
(Environment was UNIX and the command I used was CAT)
15.Can u explain what a Project Life Cycle is and how did u implement it in ur last
project.?
Project life cycle normally has the following stages
1. Analysis
2. Logical design of the project
3. Physical design
4. Code
5. Testing
6. Maintenance
16.What was the target database used in the last project?

Oracle
17. Do u know how to tune the Oracle or your target database especially the SQL
tuning?
Actually tuning was done by our DBA
I use to optimize the queries for the better performance, using the query analyzer
Last Interview:
1) How many source files and how many target files,
Source ---- 9
Target -----3
2) What were the formats of source files? How did u receive the source files? And
what was the frequency? Daily or weekly or quarterly?
Depending upon the project
3) How many jobs and transformations were used.

Say 80+ jobs if project is for 1 year +
Transformations a min of 200 – 300
4) What are job parameters?

This the run time options which we can give for a job
5) How do u schedule a job?

By the use of Job scheduler where in we can set the time when the job has to run
6) How will u pass the parameter to the job schedule if the job is running at night?
7) What happens if one job fails in the night?

8) How will u pass the file name as the parameter for a job?
9) How will u run data stage from Unix? What’s the command?
Dsjob – status –project name – job name
10) How did u populate the source files?
11) If there r million of records, did u use OCI? If yes then why?
Yes bcoz OCI stage is three times faster when compares to other stages
12) Why did u use SQL Loader or OCI stage and why?.
Bcoz it is faster
13) Diff. Bet. The package and procedure and advantage of using package
Package will be like a class
Procedure is a like a method of a class
14) Unix command to find a particular pattern in a file?

Grep
15) Unix command to combine two files

Cat Krishna karthik Desai
DATASTAGE
TEST1
1) Explain any five transformations used?
These are some of the transformations used by us

1. Date Transforms
2. Key Management transforms
3. We defined some local stage variable. This is also a transformation
4. Moved columns from one link to other
5. created output column derivations
2) Explain any five functions used in transforms
functions used:
1. Rand: Return a psuedo random integer between 0 and 232-1

2. IsNull: Returns true when an expression evaluates to the null value
3. KeyMgtGetNextValue: Used for generating the surrogate id
4. DateGenericToODBC: Used to convert the format compatible to ODBC date
5. MeasureTimeDaysToSeconds: Convert time in days to seconds
3)What is Snowflakes Schema. Explain with a fig?

Snowflake schema is an extension of star schema. Each dimension radiates
into one more dimension. It is slightly normalized.
Snow flaking is removing low-cardinality textual attributes from dimension tables and
placing them in Secondary Dimension tables
The following is Snow-Flaked view of Student Fact table
TERM
STUDENT DIMENSION
MATRICULATION TIME
DIMESION DIMENSION
STUDENT
STUDENT
BIODEMO FACT
DIMENSION
INSTITUTION
DIMENSION
The above diagram is Snowflaked because the Dimension tables are also connected
4) Explain the difference between OLTP data and DW data with reference to users
OLTP data is usually volatile and DW is non- volatile.
5) Inter row buffering
Inter row buffering can be selected in DataStage Administrator stage

Click on Projects
Click on Properties
Click on Tunables
And the option of inter row Buffering can be selected
6.Can we link tow active stages.
Yes we can link tow active stages

Eg: We linked Aggregator stage to the transformer stage
7) What is the waiting period in the inter-row Buffering ?

The connection between a DataStage client and the server times out after 86400 seconds
(24 hours) of inactivity. To change this we normally set it in Administrator stage ,
Projects, Properties, tunables, Inter-row buffering and change the timeout period.
This Time when the Client is connected to the server is called Waiting period in the inter-
row Buffering
8) How do you handle rejected by ODBC?
We handle rejected in ODBC by putting a constraint , this is just say “ REJECTED” for
rejected ones and check the box of reject row for the non-rejected ones.
9) What is link ordering?

The Transformer stage allows you to specify the execution order of links coming into and
going at from the stage. This is called link ordering.
Link ordering can be done in two ways. One is by going to the properties stage of the
transformer or any active stage and the other is specifying the execution order at the link
itself for both input and output order.
10) What are stage variables?
Stage variables are the variables used in the transformation stage. This variable can be
used in the transform and can be assigned a value at the run time for processing.
11) Give the reasons for selecting an alternative between fact table with more
dimensions and Fact with fewer dimensions and the Hierarchies
I prefer Fact table with more dimensions to Fact table with fewer Dimensions and the
Hierarchies. The reason for this is the Complexity involved in the approach.is it makes
the presentation to the user more complex and more intricate, less intuitive.
12) Disadvantages of High granularity
It takes more time and space for querying
13) Disadvantages of low granularity
High level details may not be present if we use low granularity
14) Advantages of high granularity

High granularity implies that the level of details is more which is obviously an advantage
for making the decisions
15) Advantages of low granularity

the time and space required for querying is reduced which makes the system more faster
16) What is Dual granularity?
You can implement a dual level of granularity by storing data at both high and low levels
of granularity, that is, at both summarized and detailed levels.
17) What does a sequencer do in job sequences?
DataStage provides a graphical Job Sequencer which allows you to specify a sequence of
server or parallel jobs to run.
18) What is the use of Job Parameters?

Job parameters are the parameters which are given to the application at the run time.
Basically job parameters are useful when we want to run the job in our absence.
19) Name two before and after Job sub-routines?
Before: ExecDOS, DsWaitForFile

AFTER: DSJobreport, ExecTCL
20) What is the percentage and the count with reference to performance statistics?
Count is the number of times the particular stage was executed

Percentage is the percentage of the time the particular process has taken till the
completion of the Job
21) How do you Differentiate between a I/O bottle neck and CPU bottleneck
If the Minimum = Average in the Performance parameters then it is CPU bound job
If the Minimum != Average in the Performance parameters then it is I/O bound job
22) How do you test a Job?
There are many ways to test a job

1. Check the log after completing for the technicality of the job
2. View data at each stage of the Job
3. give the test inputs and check for the outputs for the functionality of the job
23) Can we use a Sequential file for a look up ?
Yes we can use a Sequential file for a lookup
24) How do you propagate columns

When we right Click on an active stage we get propagate column as an option and from
then we can propagate the columns to any other link which are connected to that
particular stage.
25) Differentiate between shared and local container
A container is a group of stages and links. Containers enable you to simplify and
modularize your server job designs by replacing complex areas of the diagram with a
single container stage.
Local containers. These are created within a job and are only accessible by that job.
A local container is edited in a tabbed page of the job’s Diagram window.
Shared containers. These are created separately and are stored in the Repository in
the same way that jobs are. These are aceessible to any job. You can also use shared
containers as a way of incorporating server job functionality into parallel jobs.
There are two types of shared container:
• Server shared container. Used in server jobs (can also be used in parallel jobs).
• Parallel shared container Used in parallel jobs.
You can also include server shared containers in parallel jobs as a way of
incorporating server job functionality into a parallel stage (for example, you could
use one to make a server plug-in stage available to a parallel job).
Questions on DW
1.Tell me about Star flake schema and Snow fake Schema ,?

2.Have u done data modeling,have u involved in the design or updated the existing
design?
3.have you created the datamarts?
4.have you heard about Shared containers?
5.have u used the DS Adminstartor?
6.Could you tell me ,why the hash files are used?
7.have you worked on Parallel Extender?
8.Have u written any code for DS routines using Basic programming…?
9.Have u written SQLs ? procedures ?
10. what was the Source and target Databases used in your projects ?
11 which versions of DS u have worked on?
12. Are you familiar with SQL Server ,DB2
.Could u tell me about the stage variables, how do u use it,

They r local variables used in the transformer stage. They r used to reduce the complexity
of the expression, for reusability. They can b part of the expressions, as arguments to
functions, for defining the output columns.
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates rows?

By writing the SQL before the stage.
By using the hash file stage (automatically eliminates duplicates) In parallel Jobs,Remove
Duplicates Stage can be used to eliminate the duplicate rows.
3.What is the order of execution done internally in the transformer with the stage editor
having input links on the left hand side and output links?
Using Link Ordering
4.Did u write any routines?

yes.
To check the existence of the file.
Code :
OpenSeq Arg1 To Ans
Then
Ans = @True
End
Else
Ans = @False
End
5 If u have million records, how do u test that in unit testing ?

So Lets take 1000 records.., by limiting the no of rows for the input stage, in the job run
options ,test the data by viewing the data in that stage and run and compile the job.
Using Sample Stage.
6. how do u do oracle 4 way inner join if there r 4 Oracle input files?

Writing the SQL condition in the where clause
7.Have u written SQL Scripts?

Yes. I have used the PL/SQL Stored Procedure. Before Jobs, In ODBC stage etc..
8.have u used aggregator stage?

In summarizing the records after transformation stage.
9. How do u test the job?

Using scheduler, autosys , check in checkout
10. How wud. U tracks the performance statistics and enhances it?
JOB RUN OPTION>Tracing (Select the particular stage)– Check the performance
statistics and run the job. View Log (Performance statistics ) PCMA.
11.How will u call external function and subroutine from Data Stage?
Datastage Manager> Import > External Table Definition
12.What r shared containers and how do u use it?

Containers collections of stages and Links. It generally used to reduce the visual
complexity.
In Link Partition and link Collectors if u r using any transformation , u can keep those
stages in a container . Reuse the container.
Two types 1.Local containers 2. Shared Container
Shared Containers are reusable Stages; u can use them across the jobs or projects.
Scenario: If we have a job processing daily sales and another job processing weekly sales
which are in the same format. The processing stages that are common for both the jobs
can be put in a share container. This share container will be used the daily and the weekly
job.
13.Have u written any function or shell script and what was the purpose and logic.
Yes I have written shell scripts.
Scenario: If we have daily data, and we what to concatenate the daily files into a single
file to be fed in the weekly job, then this can be done as – write a before job routine in
shell script. This shell script will concatenate all the daily files into a single file. The shell
script will be used as a before job subroutine in the job properties.
14.Which stage in a data warehouse DataStage is used for and how do u use it?
project.???
Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, Deployment, Production Support.

ORACLE (Note: or any other database you are comfortable with)
17. Do u know how to tune the Oracle or ur target database especially the SQL tuning?
Use Indexes on tables.
Use Hints.
For Oracle, use the following utilities – TKPROF, EXPLAIN PLAN, UTILBSTAT,
UTILESTAT etc.
Use SQL TRACE.
Tune the SGA Memory and Data Dictionary Cache Memory.
Use the materialized views.
18. What versions of the entire platform used in the project?
Unix Sun Solaris
Windows NT 4.0
DataStage 7.0/6.0
Oracle 9i
SQL Server 7.0/6.5
16) How will u pass the parameter to the job sequence if the job is running at night?
The Job sequence is scheduled for the night in the DataStage Director. When
scheduling, the Datastage Director asks for the value of the job parameter to be
supplied. This value is then used when the job sequence runs at the scheduled time.

If a job in the job sequence fails, the action given in the job sequence for that job for
the failure will be taken e.g a failure notification will be sent to the system
administrator.
Reset mode
Using crontab, dsjob – p, in the job parameter the type will be selected as
PATHNAME
You can start, stop, validate, and reset jobs using the –run option.
dsjob –run
–mode
 NORMAL
 RESET
 VALIDATE
 
–param
 name=value 
–warn
 n
–rows  n
–wait  
–stop  
–jobstatus 
–userstatus
-local
20) How do u run a datastage job or sequence from Unix.?

Using dsjob –run –jobstatus –projectname –filename command
21) How will u pass the parameter to a job?

Using Job paramnets at the run time
22) How did u get the source files? And in what format?
We get source files by connecting it to the respective databases

If it is the Oracle or any database u can connect to them directly
And if it is MS access file we can use ODBC stage for it
OCI stage makes it faster to load from the database
To connect to oracle database

25) Why did u use SQL Loader or OCI stage and why.
Control file contains filename, file source, data file, and delimiter
26) How will u catch the bad rows from OCI stage?
Reject link
27) How do u schedule a job and how will it run at particular time?
Using Job Scheduler in the Job Director

Grep command will tell u abt the string we r searching for

Cat is used for combining two files in Unix
31) What r XML files? And how do u read data from XML files and what stage to be
used?
XML input stage can be used to read data from the XML files
32) Have u worked on automation of datastage jobs? If yes, then how did u do it?
points for parallel extender
1. a: brings the power of parallel processing.

b: two types of parallel processing:
b.1 pipeline parallelism (all the instances run simulteonously)
b.2 partition parallelism(used for large quantities of data)
partitioning the data into number of separate sets with each
partition being handled by separate instance ofthe job stages
2. parallel processing environoments run on two architectures:
a SMP (symmetric multiprocessing), in which some hardware

resources may be shared among processors. The processors
communicate via shared memory and have a single operating system.
b Cluster or MPP (massively parallel processing), also known as

shared-nothing, in which each processor has exclusive access to
hardware resources. MPP systems are physically housed in the
same box, whereas cluster systems can be physically dispersed.
The processors each have their own operating system, and
communicate via a high-speed network.
c so it may be harder to improve memory-limited jobs performance on

SMP,bcos they share memory
3. DataStage learns about the shape and size of the system from the
configuration file.job design need not be changed if platform is
changed.The configuration file describes available processing power
in terms of processing nodes.
You can use the configuration file to set up nodepools and resource
pools. A pool defines a group of related nodes or resources, and
when you design a DataStage job you can specify that execution be
confined to a particular pool.When you run a DataStage job,
DataStage first reads the configuration file to determine the
available system resources.You can define and edit the
configuration file using the DataStage Manager.
4. partition methods
round robin;random;same;entire;hash by field;modulus;range;db2
Same is the fastest partitioning method.
5. Inside a DataStage parallel job, data is moved around in data sets.
data sets can be landed as persistent data sets This is the most
efficient way of moving data between linked jobs. Persistent data
sets are stored in a series of files linked by a control file
6. run time column propagation:
if your job encounters extra columns that are not defined in the
meta data when it actually runs, it will adopt these extra columns
and propagate them through the rest of the job.
You can also specify the meta data for a stage in a plain text file
known as a schema file. partialschema means that you only need
define column definitions for those columns that you are
actually going to operate on.
7. If you have NLS enabled, parallel jobs support two types of
underlying character data types: strings and ustrings. String data
represents unmapped bytes, ustring data represents full Unicode
(UTF-16) data.
stages:
File sets enable you to spread data across a set of files
referenced by a single control file.
8. NLS Map Tab
If you have NLS enabled on your system, some of your stages will have an
NLS Map tab. This allows you to override the project default character set
map for this stage, and in some cases, allows you to enable per-column
mapping. When per-column mapping is enabled, you can override the
character set map for particular columns (an NLS map field appears on the
columns tab allowing you to do this).
stages supporting the NLS map tab:

• Sequential File
• File Set
• Lookup File Set
• External Source
• External Target
• DB2/UDB Enterprise (not per-column mapping)
• Oracle Enterprise (not per-column mapping)
1.Could u tell me about the stage variables, how do u use it, could u tell me, how u
used it.?
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates when u initial load into the transformer, when the
hash files are empty.?
3.how is the order of execution done internally in the transformer with the stage editor
having input links on the left hand side and output links ?
6.how do u do oracle 4 way inner join as input oracle ,transformer and output flat file ?
9.how do u test the job ?
10. How wud. U track the performance statistics and enhance it?
project.???
18. What versions of all the platform used?
Last Interview:
36) What r job parameters?
38) How will u pass the parameter to the job schedule if the job is running at night.
39) What happens if one job fails in the night.
used?
53) Have u worked on automation of datastage jobs?if yes, then how did u do it?
DATASTAGE QUESTIONS
ASKED IN DIFFERENT INTERVIEWS
1.Could u tell me about the stage variables,,how do u use it,could u tell me,how u used
it.?
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates when u initial load into the transformer,when the
having input links on the left hand side and outrput links ?
5 If u have million records,how do u test that in unit testing ?
1.Could u tell me about the stage variables, and how u used it. ?
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates when u initially load into the transformer, when the
having input links on the left hand side and output links on the right hand side?
4.Did u write any routines using BASIC programming?
5 If u have million records, how do u test that for unit testing ?
6.how do u do oracle 4 way inner join as input oracle stage, transformer and output flat
file stage ?
10. Are you available now ?
11. where are you now ?
12.what are delta transactions?,could u exaplain,how did u use it?
1.Could u tell me about the stage variables, how do u use it, could u tell me, how u used
it.?
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates when u initial load into the transformer, when the
having input links on the left hand side and output links ?
10. How wud. U track the performance statistics and enhance it?
project.???
18. What versions of all the platform used?
Last Interview:
59) How will u pass the parameter to the job schedule if the job is running at night.
60) What happens if one job fails in the night.
used?
Have u worked on automation of datastage jobs?if yes, then how did Krishna
u do it? karthik Desai
DATASTAGE
TEST1
1) Explain any five transformations used?
These are some of the transformations used by us

6. Date Transforms
7. Key Management transforms
8. We defined some local stage variable. This is also a transformation
9. Moved columns from one link to other
10. created output column derivations
2) Explain any five functions used in transforms
functions used:
6. Rand: Return a psuedo random integer between 0 and 232-1

7. IsNull: Returns true when an expression evaluates to the null value
8. KeyMgtGetNextValue: Used for generating the surrogate id
9. DateGenericToODBC: Used to convert the format compatible to ODBC date
10. MeasureTimeDaysToSeconds: Convert time in days to seconds
3)What is Snowflakes Schema. Explain with a fig?
Snowflake schema is an extension of start schema. Each dimension radiates

into one more dimension. It is slightly normalized.
Snow flaking is removing low-cardinality textual attributes from dimension tables and
placing them in Secondary Dimension tables
The following is Snow-Flaked view of Student Fact table
TERM
STUDENT DIMENSION
MATRICULATION TIME
DIMESION DIMENSION
STUDENT STUDENT
BIODEMO FACT
DIMENSION
INSTITUTION
DIMENSION
The above diagram is Snowflaked because the Dimension tables are also connected
4) Explain the difference between OLTP data and DW data with reference to users
OLTP data is usually volatile and DW is non- volatile.
5) Inter row buffering
Inter row buffering can be selected in DataStage Administrator stage

Click on Projects
Click on Properties
Click on Tunables
And the option of inter row Buffering can be selected
6.Can we link tow active stages.
Yes we can link tow active stages

Eg: We linked Aggregator stage to the transformer stage
7) What is the waiting period in the inter-row Buffering ?
The connection between a DataStage client and the server times out after 86400 seconds
(24 hours) of inactivity. To change this we normally set it in Administrator stage ,
Projects, Properties, tunables, Inter-row buffering and change the timeout period.
This Time when the Client is connected to the server is called Waiting period in the inter-
row Buffering
8) How do you handle rejected by ODBC?
We handle rejected in ODBC by putting a constraint , this is just say “ REJECTED” for
rejected ones and check the box of reject row for the non-rejected ones.
9) What is link ordering?

The Transformer stage allows you to specify the execution order of links coming into and
going at from the stage. This is called link ordering.
Link ordering can be done in two ways. One is by going to the properties stage of the
transformer or any active stage and the other is specifying the execution order at the link
itself for both input and output order.
10) What are stage variables?
Stage variables are the variables used in the transformation stage. This variable can be
used in the transform and can be assigned a value at the run time for processing.
11) Give the reasons for selecting an alternative between fact table with more
dimensions and Fact with fewer dimensions and the Hierarchies
I prefer Fact table with more dimensions to Fact table with fewer Dimensions and the
Hierarchies. The reason for this is the Complexity involved in the approach.is it makes
the presentation to the user more complex and more intricate, less intuitive.
12) Disadvantages of High granularity
It takes more time and space for querying
13) Disadvantages of low granularity
High level details may not be present if we use low granularity
14) advantages of high granularity

High granularity implies that the level of details is more which is obviously an advantage
for making the decisions
15)advantages of low granularity
the time and space required for querying is reduced which makes the system more faster
16) What is Dual granularity?
You can implement a dual level of granularity by storing data at both high and low levels
of granularity, that is, at both summarized and detailed levels.
17) What does a sequencer do in job sequences?
DataStage provides a graphical Job Sequencer which allows you to specify a sequence of
server or parallel jobs to run.
18) What is the use of Job Parameters?

Job parameters are the parameters which are given to the application at the run time.
Basically job parameters are useful when we want to run the job in our absence.
19) Name two before and after Job sub-routines?
Before: ExecDOS, DsWaitForFile

AFTER: DSJobreport, ExecTCL
20) What is the percentage and the count with reference to performance statistics?
Count is the number of times the particular stage was executed

Percentage is the percentage of the time the particular process has taken till the
completion of the Job
21) How do you Differentiate between a I/O bottle neck and CPU bottleneck
If the Minimum = Average in the Performance parameters then it is CPU bound job
If the Minimum != Average in the Performance parameters then it is I/O bound job
22) How do you test a Job?
There are many ways to test a job

4. Check the log after completing for the technicality of the job
5. View data at each stage of the Job
6. give the test inputs and check for the outputs for the functionality of the job
23) Can we use a Sequential file for a look up ?
Yes we can use a Sequential file for a lookup
24) How do you propagate columns
When we right Click on an active stage we get propagate column as an option and from
then we can propagate the columns to any other link which are connected to that
particular stage.
25) Differentiate between shared and local container
A container is a group of stages and links. Containers enable you to simplify and
modularize your server job designs by replacing complex areas of the diagram with a
single container stage.
Local containers. These are created within a job and are only accessible by that job.
A local container is edited in a tabbed page of the job’s Diagram window.
Shared containers. These are created separately and are stored in the Repository in
the same way that jobs are. These are aceessible to any job. You can also use shared
containers as a way of incorporating server job functionality into parallel jobs.
There are two types of shared container:
• Server shared container. Used in server jobs (can also be used in parallel jobs).
• Parallel shared container Used in parallel jobs.
You can also include server shared containers in parallel jobs as a way of
incorporating server job functionality into a parallel stage (for example, you could
use one to make a server plug-in stage available to a parallel job).
Questions on DW
1.Tell me about Star flake schema and Snow fake Schema ,?

2.Have u done data modeling,have u involved in the design or updated the existing
design?
3.have you created the datamarts?
4.have you heard about Shared containers?
5.have u used the DS Adminstartor?
6.Could you tell me ,why the hash files are used?
7.have you worked on Parallel Extender?
8.Have u written any code for DS routines using Basic programming…?
9.Have u written SQLs ? procedures ?
10. what was the Source and target Databases used in your projects ?
11 which versions of DS u have worked on?
12. Are you familiar with SQL Server ,DB2
.Could u tell me about the stage variables, how do u use it,

They r local variables used in the transformer stage. They r used to reduce the complexity
of the expression, for reusability. They can b part of the expressions, as arguments to
functions, for defining the output columns.
2.How do u eliminate the duplicates rows?

By writing the SQL before the stage.
By using the hash file stage (automatically eliminates duplicates) In parallel Jobs,Remove
Duplicates Stage can be used to eliminate the duplicate rows.
3.What is the order of execution done internally in the transformer with the stage editor
having input links on the left hand side and output links?
Using Link Ordering
4.Did u write any routines?

yes.
To check the existence of the file.
Code :
OpenSeq Arg1 To Ans
Then
Ans = @True
End
Else
Ans = @False
End

So Lets take 1000 records.., by limiting the no of rows for the input stage, in the job run
options ,test the data by viewing the data in that stage and run and compile the job.
Usinf Sample Stage.
6.how do u do oracle 4 way inner join if there r 4 Oracle input files?

Writing the SQL condition in the where clause

Yes. I have used the PL/SQL Stored Procedure. Before Jobs, In ODBC stage etc..

In summarizing the records after transformation stage.
9. How do u test the job?

Using scheduler, autosys , check in checkout
10. How wud. U tracks the performance statistics and enhances it?
JOB RUN OPTION>Tracing (Select the particular stage)– Check the performance
statistics and run the job. View Log (Performance statistics ) PCMA.
Datastage Manager> Import > External Table Definition

Containers collections of stages and Links. It generally used to reduce the visual
complexity.
In Link Partition and link Collectors if u r using any transformation , u can keep those
stages in a container . Reuse the container.
Two types 1.Local containers 2. Shared Container
Shared Containers are reusable Stages; u can use them across the jobs or projects.
Scenario: If we have a job processing daily sales and another job processing weekly sales
which are in the same format. The processing stages that are common for both the jobs
can be put in a share container. This share container will be used the daily and the weekly
job.
Yes I have written shell scripts.
Scenario: If we have daily data, and we what to concatenate the daily files into a single
file to be fed in the weekly job, then this can be done as – write a before job routine in
shell script. This shell script will concatenate all the daily files into a single file. The shell
script will be used as a before job subroutine in the job properties.
project.???
Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, Deployment, Production Support.

ORACLE (Note: or any other database you are comfortable with)
Use Indexes on tables.
Use Hints.
For Oracle, use the following utilities – TKPROF, EXPLAIN PLAN, UTILBSTAT,
UTILESTAT etc.
Use SQL TRACE.
Tune the SGA Memory and Data Dictionary Cache Memory.
Use the materialized views.
18. What versions of the entire platform used in the project?

Unix Sun Solaris
Windows NT 4.0
DataStage 7.0/6.0
Oracle 9i
SQL Server 7.0/6.5
Last Interview with American Re:

74) How many source files and how many target files?
76) How many jobs and transformations were used.?

Job parameters are the values for the parameters defined which are supplied for a job
at run time.

A DataStage job is scheduled in DataStage Director.
Can be done using crontab, shell scripting
79) How will u pass the parameter to the job sequence if the job is running at night?
The Job sequence is scheduled for the night in the DataStage Director. When
scheduling, the Datastage Director asks for the value of the job parameter to be
supplied. This value is then used when the job sequence runs at the scheduled time.

If a job in the job sequence fails, the action given in the job sequence for that job for
the failure will be taken e.g a failure notification will be sent to the system
administrator.
Reset mode
Using crontab, dsjob – p, in the job parameter the type will be selected as
PATHNAME
You can start, stop, validate, and reset jobs using the –run option.
dsjob –run
[ –mode [ NORMAL | RESET | VALIDATE ]]
[ –param name=value ]
[ –warn n ]
[ –rows n ]
[ –wait ]
[ –stop ]
[ –jobstatus]
[–userstatus]
[-local]
83) How do u run a datastage job or sequence from Unix.?
Using dsjob –run –jobstatus –projectname –filename command

Using Job paramnets at the rum time
We get source files by connecting it to the respective databases

If it is the Oracle or any database u can connect to them directly
And if it is MS access file we can use ODBC stage for it
OCI stage makes it faster to load from the database
To connect to oracle database

88) Why did u use SQL Loader or OCI stage and why.
Control file contains filename, file source, data file, and delimiter
Reject link
Using Job Scheduler in the Job Director

Grep command will tell u abt the string we r searching for

Cat is used for combining two files in Unix
used?
XML input stage can be used to read data from the XML files
95) Have u worked on automation of datastage jobs? If yes, then how did u do it?
1. What is the difficulty you faced with the most un-cooperative user and how did
you resolve it?
a. One user was very unwilling to discuss the requirements and kept putting
off meetings, saying that he was too busy.
b. I explained to him that his knowledge and input is very important to the
success of the project, and arranged to meet him after working hours to
discuss the requirements. He was more cooperative after that.
2. How do you go about gathering requirements?

a. First I would meet with the department managers to identify the processes
within the department, the workflows within each process, and the roles /
role players with each workflow. I would also gather details on how each
department feeds/collects information to/from other departments.
b. Then I would arrange meetings with the key (more experienced) role
players within the departments to fill out the requirement details with the
help of questions (what/how/why) and Use Cases
3. Tell me about yourself.
a. Well __________, I have a Masters in Computer Science. I have over ten
years experience as a Business Analyst, with 8 years financial experience.
I am an expert at requirements gathering, analysis and documenting the
requirements, and I have excellent inter-personal skills.
4. Why should we hire you?

a. Well ___________, my skills and experience are an excellent fit for the
requirements. I have successfully completed projects doing requirements
gathering and documenting requirements; and with my excellent inter-
personal skills, I will be a valuable asset to your company.
5. What is the most difficult situation you faced, and how did you resolve it?
a. In my last project, the users were taking a long time to start user
acceptance testing, because the department was extremely busy. I spoke to
the manager and suggested that he could allow one key user to spend 1 to
2 hours each day testing with my supervision. He made the necessary
arrangements, and we were able to get the first round of testing going,
identifying defects and addressing them.
b. In the last project it was discovered that the Fund System that indirectly
interfaced to the Bond System, was not handling the results of the sale
transactions correctly. I reviewed the processing requirements for the Fund
System with the senior developer, and I wrote a detailed specification of
the interface process, discussed and handed over to the senior developer
for the Fund System, and generated test data from the Bond System. The
specs were used to modify the Fund System process, tested and
implemented successfully.
c. In the last week of the project, it was discovered that some accounting
entries were not being archived correctly for some transactions. We
investigated the full extent of the problem, and wrote scripts to update the
previous transactions and modified the stored procedures to correctly
update new transactions. It took us three nights working late to thoroughly
test and then implement the solution.
1. 1.How can you load orchestrate environment to your current directory?
By setting the environmental variable AP_ORCHHOME
2. What are orchadmin dump command options

PASS
3. What dsrecords do in orchestrate
Describe the Dataset description
4. How can you delete a dataset in orchestrate ? and what happens if I use only
delete and dataset name. As a standard we donot delete a Dataset
5. how can you copy a data set
Using the copy stage
6. how to describe a schema of a dataset in orchestrate?
Thru te schema files; for mostly the description of column, we can have partial
schema def also
7. what's the difference between truncate and delete in orchestrate?
Truncate and delete are the DB functions. A truncated table can be broughtback thru
DBA operations, while deleted one can never be restored
8. what is orchadmin check
to check statistics and metadata orchadmin diskinfo -p node pool
9. what is orchadmin describe -f filename
to check the statistics of a file
10. How can we generate error code and how can u find it?
By the transformer functions and written in to LOG files also
11. What kind of errors we found in running orchestrate?
Database related, OS related, Data type mismatch
12. Explain briefly what a surrogate key is?

13. Surrogate Key is a Primary Key for a Dimension table. Most importance of using it is it is
independent of underlying database. i.e Surrogate Key is not affected by the changes
going on with a database.
14. Why is egrep, fgrep, grep used in UNIX?
Egrep –search for particular pattern in file
Fgrep --- searches for input files
Grep: --- looks for the string in the files
15. What is the difference between a inner log and an outer log?
16. What is the difference between Star schema and Snowflake?
Star Schema - Simple & Much Faster.

i. Demoralized form.
Snowflake Schema - Complex with more Granularity.
1. More normalized form.
17. Explain briefly Partitioning Methods in Orchestrate.
Round robin, random, entire, same
18. Explain briefly the server components and client components in Data Stage?
Client Components
1.DataStage Designer
2.DataStage Director
3.DataStage Manager
4.DataStage Administrator
Server Components
1.Repository
2.DataStage Server
3.DataStage Package Installer

19. How do you change a file's permission in Unix?
chmod
20. How large were the tables?
85 columns about 20 million rows
21. As far as SQL/advanced SQL,
Extensive knowledge
22. Have you done project plans or scopes for project plans? Explain
No
23. What has been your role in SW development?
Designing jobs, importing tables, testing ,debugging, performance tuning and (Q) I have
a server job that is trying to build a HF for lookup purposes. It seems to slow down immensely
as it progresses. The source file has approx. 1.2 mil records in it. I am using the type 30
dynamic hash file and the records being returned are 3 fields, 2 keys and the lookup value.
The job starts out very fast but after 400k records it begins to slow and progressively slows to
less than 700 records per sec. Any suggestions?
---Up the minimum modulus from 1. What you're probably seeing is the resize by doubling
effect degrade performance. Checkout this post as well:
--Dynamic hashed files don't resize by doubling, they resize by adding one group (logically -
probably about eight group buffers at a time physically). This actually gives you more pain, as
you're taking the hit of restructuring every N records loaded, where N is the number of
records per group.
if you create the hashed file with its minimum modulus set to approximately what you'll need
at the end, you take the hit of allocating this disk space up front, so that the load should
proceed more quickly and at non-diminishing rate.
Do you use write caching? This, too, can help load performance.
Another possibility, if your hashed file is large, is to use a static hashed file. This is one where
the disk space is necessarily pre-allocated, and you get more control over the size of groups
and the hashing algorithm used. Empirical evidence suggests that these perform slightly better
than the equivalent dynamic hashed file for larger sizes; the downsize is that they require
more calculation and more maintenance.
--Thanks for your input. I do not consider this hash file to be very large, around 65 Mb, approx
1.2 mil. records. I will try to use the write caching, right now, it takes around 30 minutes of
wall clock time to build this.
 How to delete or clear the hashfile from the command line?
The command used to delete a hashed file depends on the command that was used to
create the hashed file, and whether a SETFILE command has been issued since.
The command to clear the contents of a hashed file is CLEAR.FILE if issued from within the
DataStage environment, or clearfile from the operating system. You can also use SQL
within the DataStage environment (DELETE FROM hashedfile;) or the TCL command
DELETE with an active Select List.
Can i increase the limit of hash file size cause after 2 GB my job get hanged and i couldn't
procure desired result .
I am giving a separate space to it specific for my application.
 in general you can using the HFC unsupported utility get the syntax to manually create
the file.
you can't get it using the regular create option in the hash stage.
If the hashed file already exists, and is not corrupted, you can use the resize utility to switch it
to 64-bit addressing.
Use the following commands at the TCL prompt or in the Administrator client command
window.
Use SETFILE to create a VOC pointer to the hashed file.

Code:
SETFILE pathname hashedfile OVERWRITING
The OVERWRITING keyword is optional.
Code:
RESIZE hashedfile * * * 64BIT
You will get a message indicating that the date/time stamp in the file header has been
modified. This message is terminated by an exclamation point (!) but really is just an
informative message. Don't worry about it.
Enough space for a second copy of the hashed file is required for this operation. If this does
not exist where the project or the hashed file reside, add a USING clause referring to a
directory where there is plenty of space (that is, at least as much as the hashed file currently
occupies).
Code:
RESIZE hashedfile * * * 64BIT USING pathname
If the hashed file already exists, and is not corrupted, you can use the resize utility to switch it to
64-bit addressing.
Use the following commands at the TCL prompt or in the Administrator client command window.
Use SETFILE to create a VOC pointer to the hashed file.

Code:
SETFILE pathname hashedfile OVERWRITING
The OVERWRITING keyword is optional.
Code:
RESIZE hashedfile * * * 64BIT
You will get a message indicating that the date/time stamp in the file header has been modified.
This message is terminated by an exclamation point (!) but really is just an informative message.
Don't worry about it.
Enough space for a second copy of the hashed file is required for this operation. If this does not
exist where the project or the hashed file reside, add a USING clause referring to a directory where
there is plenty of space (that is, at least as much as the hashed file currently occupies).
Code:
RESIZE hashedfile * * * 64BIT USING pathname
Hi! Ray
There is two entities created when i run my job for creating an hash file > 2 GB
1. D_H_CUST_SUM_ID - Directory
2. H_CUST_SUM_ID - File
now when i executed yur given code

SETFILE /u50/PRODDSS/data2/ffamily/Hashfile H_CUST_SUM_ID OVERWRITING
The command gives some warning.
Secondly when i execute
RESIZE H_CUST_SUM_ID* * * 64BIT
The command gives an error as
RESIZE : Invalid file name,sizing parameter, or option on command line .
Ascential has released 7.5 but I haven't been able to find anything about it on their web site,
devnet or e.services. Did find an article on dw-institute with a paragraph on new features, it
will be interesting to see the new job sequencer and the performance visualisation and
monitoring services:
Quote:
New features in the Suite include the addition of Mobile Services for RTI, through the
incorporation of RTI Mobile Director, which enables the remote administration of
DataStage from pocket PCs. Elsewhere, Ascential is touting new RTI clustering support for
Oracle, DB2, and SQLServer databases. Enhancements include improved reporting across
the Enterprise Integration Suite, a new job sequencer, real-time job validation, and
performance visualization and monitoring interfaces. Ascential has also updated the Suite’s
support for the HIPAA and EDIFACT standards to assist with compliance-related projects.
Finally, the Ascential Enterprise Integration Suite 7.5 has been certified for Oracle 10g,
Teradata V2R5.1, and SAP. Ascential will also make available a new packaged application
connectivity kit for SAP XI with the revamped Suite.
 Mobile Director progam has been created so we can work from airports, hotels, lunch
breaks, between nines on the golf course. It will require Pocket PC 2000 OS, Pocket PC
2002 OS, or Windows Mobile for Pocket PC 2003 or higher; Microsoft .NET Compact
Framework 1.0 SP2; and RTI 7.5
I am doing a lookup, the lookup conbines 3 keys. So how do I define the contraints?
 What are your requirements? Do you only want to pass input rows that have valid
matches in all three lookup tables? Or something else? If all three, you could do
something like:
Code:
Not(Isnull(lu1.KeyField)) and Not(IsNull(lu2.Keyfield)) and

Not(IsNull(lu3.Keyfield))
 There is a useful feature in the constraint screen where you can check the "reject" flag
on a constraint and it automatically gets all rows that do not go down any other
outputs. So instead of putting NOT(ISNULL.. down one constraint and ISNULL... down
the second constraint you can just turn on the reject flag of that second constraint.
 The only caveat to that is to understand that these would no longer be 'silent' rejects.
With that check box marked, any rows that go down that link will be logged into the
job's log with a warning and a total rejected records count. Sometimes that's a good
thing and sometimes that can be a bad thing.
As long as you understand that and the fact that output link ordering is very important
when using 'true' reject rows, then you'll be fine.
Does anyone know of a way to modify the character used as a delimiter on the fly for a
Sequential File Stage?
We are receiving over 80 files, but some are delimited by pipes, others by commas. We'd
like to be able to use the same stage to process both file types.
Yes, that is correct. 80 files have the same metadata, only difference is the delimeter.
 Sorry that your first post generates this as an answer, but... no, can't be done.
Do all of your 80 files have the same metadata and the only difference is the
delimiter? Seems like at best case you'd need 2 jobs to do the processing, at worst
case - 80.
 Alas, all you can do is make copies of the job design. As Craig said, the sequential file
delimiter character is not able to be a job parameter. Indeed, none of the properties
on the Format tab can be job parameters.
 Another option might be to explore creating a perl, awk or nawk prejob filter that will
convert your file delimiter to a predefined delimiter for your job.
If you choose the "Stage uses filter" checkbox then you can perform some sort of pre-
processing and read directly from stdout. I've done this with other things, but not
changing delimiters and I can't see that it would be much of problem to do.
Then you could have one job to process all different types of file delimiters as long as
the files match for metadata and the predefined delimiter is not in the data of any of
the files you will be processing.
I have 1 input file and 2 hash lookups. I want to direct records that have a 0 for account
number into my reject file and the rest go to the next transformer. Rows are being written
to the reject file and the next transformer, ie it puts them into both locations. For
example, my log will indicate:
125179 rows read from inRecs
125177 rows read from CC_lkup
125179 rows read from cal_day_lkup
125177 rows written to outRecs
17537 rows written to badStg
I only want to process good records. I am using a constraint right now to avoid warning
messages being issued. I use 2 stage variables and check to see if either = 0, if so, they
go to badStg. Any thoughts?
 Use a constraint expression on each output link.
For good rows, col1 <> 0 And col2 <> 0.

For the rejects link, col1 = 0 Or col2 = 0.
I need to have 3 or more source files joined on a 20 byte key giving one target file with
information from all 3. I found on the parallel side a function called join, reading in up to
60+ files and outputing up to 60+ files. On the Server side, which I have to use, I can
only fid a function called Merge. The Merge only reads in 2 source files.
Does anyone know of a different function, or data merger I can use on the Server that will
allow me to join 3 or more files to create one target?
 How about your Operating System? UNIX can 'merge' files based on keys, from what I
recall. You may be able to do something before job to get it ready for loading, perhaps
even using the 'Filter' capability of the Sequential File stage instead of in a before job
routine.
At worst case, use the Merge stage... twice.
 If the keys are unique, another option would be to load the files into hash files and do
the joins through a lookup.
 Alas this can't be done in server jobs. The Merge stage reads two text files; it does not
have the ability to be driven by two streams. That's just the way it's written.
The hashed file approach is likely to be the best if the keys are unique.
There are options in the UNIX sort command for merging multiple files. Read the man
page on sort .
You might, otherwise, use ODBC driver for text files, and perform an SQL join.
Performance will be horrible , particularly if the files are large.
 Alas this can't be done in server jobs. The Merge stage reads two text files; it does not
have the ability to be driven by two streams. That's just the way it's written.
Sure you can... it's just that it takes two jobs.
 Good catch. It can't be done in a single server job using Merge stage.
Some time ago someone showed how to generate a single output row from a server job
Transformer stage without having any input link. If someone's got this in their Favorites, or
knows the technique, can you please post it here?
 start your job with a transformer, put a Stage Variable (must even if not used) put the
constraint on @OUTROWNUM = 1 for 1 row.
put anything in the derivation and take it any where
I use this when ever I need to send a user defined sql to any server, especially to
invoke the switch between staging and prod tables.
How to insert parameters automatically for the jobs, in sequncer. Here I dont want to
enter parameters manually, it should happen automatically.
So do i have to design a job with that stores parameters in file ?
 The sequence itself is a job and has parameters. Fill these in in the usual way, in the
Parameters grid.
Then, when you're loading parameters in a Job Activity, choose Insert Parameter to
select the sequence's parameter reference.
There is no "select all" for this functionality. If you can make a business case, log an
enhancement request with Ascential.
 It is a pain having to put the job parameters into sequence job stages each time, they
really do need an automap or automatch button as frequently the sequence job
parameters have the same name as the server jobs being called. One short cut is to
upgrade to version 7.x and use the cut and paste. That way you set up the job
parameters for just one server job and you can endlessly copy and paste that stage
and change the job name leaving job paramters intact.
 Check out Parameter Manager for DataStage. This gives you the ability to store global
parameters and bulk load them into jobs and sequences when and where you will.
 I wrote a routine that retrieves a parameter value from a file given the filename and
parameter name. I add a routine stage to the Job Sequence job for each parameter
that needs to be retrieved and set the parameter in the Job Activity stage to the return
value of the appropriate routine stage. It's a little bulky to have a bunch of routine
stages at the beginning of each sequencer job, but it seems to work well enough.
Here is another situation. I have created a Hashfile lookup in one of my mappings.
In the source master query, the following are the columns:
OLDCOLA, OLDCOLB, OLDCOLC, NEWCOLA, NEWCOLB, NEWCOLC, I was able to manage

the OLD AND NEW VALUES BY APPLYING TRIGGERS AT THE DATABASE LEVEL
OLDCOLA AND NEWCOLA are the KEYS.
THE HASHFILE IS JOINED WITH THE SOURCE MASTER QUERY TO LOAD THE CODE VALUE
FROM HASH FILE LOOKUP INTO MASTER TARGET TABLE.
NOW, FOR LOADING THE HISTORY TABLE I AM USING THE OLDCOLA, OLDCOLB AND
OLDCOLC VALUES TO POPULATE HISTORY RECORDS.
QUESTION ?
CAN I USE THE SAME HASFILE AND JOIN THE SOURCE NEWCOLA, OLDCOLA to get the
CODE VALUE for OLD AND NEW.
I know it can be done if I have multiple instances of same hash file. But, is it possible to
apply coditions in one hashfile and get old and new CODE VALUES.
 You can probably do what you want. What is in the hashed file(s), and which column is
the key column? What information do you want to return from the hashed file?
Without knowing these things it is impossible to give you an answer.
Using a hashed file on a reference input link is almost the same as using any stage
type, except that the only possible "join" is an equi-join on the hashed file key. If that
key is not found, DataStage sets the value on every column to NULL (so it behaves
like a left outer join; you can constraint the output of the Transformer stage so that
keys found and keys not found can be directed to different output links, or discarded,
thereby mimicking an inner join).
1. Could you explain Cardinality and Optionality

2. How do you resolve many-to-many relationships? What is the middle entity
called?
3. Please explain referential integrity.
4. Say you are using Erwin and you open up an entity and select one attribute to edit
it, tell me what are five things you would enter on that screen?
5. Please explain super-types and sub-types.
6. How would you go about doing reverse-engineering of a system to understand the
business?
7. Tell me of an instance where you were involved in a project where the business
was re-inventing itself, and how did you go about it?
• Do you know XML?
• Do you know programming languages
• .
•
• How do you reject rows?
• Have you made output tables
How did you handle errors. I used Debugger and tracer. Fixed
administration.
o Can the reject link output be connected to transformer?
We can give the reject link to transformer
o Can u turn inter-row process buffering for SMP or MPP?
o What is the stage, which is not in parallel?
Hash stage (link partitioner, link collector)
o Is transformer stage active or passive?
Active
o Can server jobs be run on parallel?
o How do u automate jobs from remote i.e when u want to run the jobs during night
time.
Using crontab u can automate the scheduling of jobs
o How do u give unix commands from datastage.

Using the command: dsjob – run (look for DS development tool kit in server
manual)
1. Which of the following statements is true about implicit cursors?

1. Implicit cursors are used for SQL statements that are not named.
2. Developers should use implicit cursors with great care.
3. Implicit cursors are used in cursor for loops to handle data processing.
4. Implicit cursors are no longer a feature in Oracle.
2. Which of the following is not a feature of a cursor FOR loop?
1. Record type declaration.
2. Opening and parsing of SQL statements.
3. Fetches records from cursor.
4. Requires exit condition to be defined.
3. A developer would like to use referential datatype declaration on a variable.
The variable name is EMPLOYEE_LASTNAME, and the corresponding
table and column is EMPLOYEE, and LNAME, respectively. How would the
developer define this variable using referential datatypes?
1. Use employee.lname%type.
2. Use employee.lname%rowtype.
3. Look up datatype for EMPLOYEE column on LASTNAME table and use
that.
4. Declare it to be type LONG.
4. Which three of the following are implicit cursor attributes?
1. %found
2. %too_many_rows
3. %notfound
4. %rowcount
5. %rowtype
5. If left out, which of the following would cause an infinite loop to occur in a
simple loop?
1. LOOP
2. END LOOP
3. IF-THEN
4. EXIT
6. Which line in the following statement will produce an error?
1. cursor action_cursor is
2. select name, rate, action
3. into action_record
4. from action_table;
5. There are no errors in this statement.
7. The command used to open a CURSOR FOR loop is
1. open
2. fetch
3. parse
4. None, cursor for loops handle cursor opening implicitly.
8. What happens when rows are found using a FETCH statement
1. It causes the cursor to close
2. It causes the cursor to open
3. It loads the current row values into variables
4. It creates the variables to hold the current row values
9. Read the following code:
10. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE find_cpt
11. (v_movie_id {Argument Mode} NUMBER,
v_cost_per_ticket {argument mode} NUMBER)
12. IS
13. BEGIN
14. IF v_cost_per_ticket > 8.5 THEN
15. SELECT cost_per_ticket
16. INTO v_cost_per_ticket
17. FROM gross_receipt
18. WHERE movie_id = v_movie_id;
19. END IF;
20. END;
Which mode should be used for V_COST_PER_TICKET?
1. IN
2. OUT
3. RETURN
4. IN OUT
22. CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_show_gross
23. {trigger information}
24. BEGIN
25. {additional code}
26. END;
The trigger code should only execute when the column, COST_PER_TICKET, is
greater than $3. Which trigger information will you add?
1. WHEN (new.cost_per_ticket > 3.75)

2. WHEN (:new.cost_per_ticket > 3.75
3. WHERE (new.cost_per_ticket > 3.75)
4. WHERE (:new.cost_per_ticket > 3.75)
27. What is the maximum number of handlers processed before the PL/SQL
block is exited when an exception occurs?
1. Only one
2. All that apply
3. All referenced
4. None
28. For which trigger timing can you reference the NEW and OLD qualifiers?
1. Statement and Row
2. Statement only
3. Row only
4. Oracle Forms trigger
30. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_budget(v_studio_id
IN NUMBER)
RETURN number IS
v_yearly_budget NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT yearly_budget
INTO v_yearly_budget
FROM studio
WHERE id = v_studio_id;
RETURN v_yearly_budget;
END;
Which set of statements will successfully invoke this function within

SQL*Plus?
1. VARIABLE g_yearly_budget NUMBER

EXECUTE g_yearly_budget := GET_BUDGET(11);
EXECUTE :g_yearly_budget := GET_BUDGET(11);
3. VARIABLE :g_yearly_budget NUMBER
EXECUTE :g_yearly_budget := GET_BUDGET(11);
:g_yearly_budget := GET_BUDGET(11);
31. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_theater
32. (v_name IN VARCHAR v_theater_id IN NUMBER) IS
33. BEGIN
34. UPDATE theater
35. SET name = v_name
36. WHERE id = v_theater_id;
37. END update_theater;
38. When invoking this procedure, you encounter the error:
ORA-000: Unique constraint(SCOTT.THEATER_NAME_UK)

violated.
How should you modify the function to handle this error?
1. An user defined exception must be declared and associated with the error
code and handled in the EXCEPTION section.
2. Handle the error in EXCEPTION section by referencing the error code
directly.
3. Handle the error in the EXCEPTION section by referencing the
UNIQUE_ERROR predefined exception.
4. Check for success by checking the value of SQL%FOUND immediately
after the UPDATE statement.
40. CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE calculate_budget IS
41. v_budget studio.yearly_budget%TYPE;
42. BEGIN
43. v_budget := get_budget(11);
44. IF v_budget < 30000
45. THEN
46. set_budget(11,30000000);
47. END IF;
48. END;
You are about to add an argument to CALCULATE_BUDGET. What effect

will this have?
1. The GET_BUDGET function will be marked invalid and must be

recompiled before the next execution.
2. The SET_BUDGET function will be marked invalid and must be
recompiled before the next execution.
3. Only the CALCULATE_BUDGET procedure needs to be recompiled.
4. All three procedures are marked invalid and must be recompiled.
49. Which procedure can be used to create a customized error message?
1. RAISE_ERROR
2. SQLERRM
3. RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
4. RAISE_SERVER_ERROR
50. The CHECK_THEATER trigger of the THEATER table has been disabled.
Which command can you issue to enable this trigger?
1. ALTER TRIGGER check_theater ENABLE;
2. ENABLE TRIGGER check_theater;
3. ALTER TABLE check_theater ENABLE check_theater;
4. ENABLE check_theater;
51. Examine this database trigger
52. CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER
prevent_gross_modification
53. {additional trigger information}
54. BEGIN
55. IF TO_CHAR(sysdate, DY) = MON
56. THEN
57. RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,Gross
receipts cannot be deleted on Monday);
58. END IF;
59. END;
This trigger must fire before each DELETE of the GROSS_RECEIPT table.
It should fire only once for the entire DELETE statement. What additional
information must you add?
1. BEFORE DELETE ON gross_receipt

2. AFTER DELETE ON gross_receipt
3. BEFORE (gross_receipt DELETE)
4. FOR EACH ROW DELETED FROM gross_receipt
60. Examine this function:
61. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION set_budget
62. (v_studio_id IN NUMBER, v_new_budget IN NUMBER) IS
63. BEGIN
64. UPDATE studio
65. SET yearly_budget =
v_new_budget
WHERE id = v_studio_id;
IF SQL%FOUND THEN
RETURN TRUEl;
ELSE
RETURN FALSE;
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
Which code must be added to successfully compile this function?
1. Add RETURN right before the IS keyword.

2. Add RETURN number right before the IS keyword.
3. Add RETURN boolean right after the IS keyword.
4. Add RETURN boolean right before the IS keyword.
66. Under which circumstance must you recompile the package body after
recompiling the package specification?
1. Altering the argument list of one of the package constructs
2. Any change made to one of the package constructs
3. Any SQL statement change made to one of the package constructs
4. Removing a local variable from the DECLARE section of one of the
package constructs
67. Procedure and Functions are explicitly executed. This is different from a
database trigger. When is a database trigger executed?
1. When the transaction is committed
2. During the data manipulation statement
3. When an Oracle supplied package references the trigger
4. During a data manipulation statement and when the transaction is
committed
68. Which Oracle supplied package can you use to output values and messages
from database triggers, stored procedures and functions within SQL*Plus?
1. DBMS_DISPLAY
2. DBMS_OUTPUT
3. DBMS_LIST
4. DBMS_DESCRIBE
69. What occurs if a procedure or function terminates with failure without being
handled?
1. Any DML statements issued by the construct are still pending and can be
committed or rolled back.
2. Any DML statements issued by the construct are committed
3. Unless a GOTO statement is used to continue processing within the
BEGIN section, the construct terminates.
4. The construct rolls back any DML statements issued and returns the
unhandled exception to the calling environment.
70. Examine this code
71. BEGIN
72. theater_pck.v_total_seats_sold_overall :=
theater_pck.get_total_for_year;
73. END;
For this code to be successful, what must be true?
1. Both the V_TOTAL_SEATS_SOLD_OVERALL variable and the

GET_TOTAL_FOR_YEAR function must exist only in the body of the
THEATER_PCK package.
2. Only the GET_TOTAL_FOR_YEAR variable must exist in the
specification of the THEATER_PCK package.
3. Only the V_TOTAL_SEATS_SOLD_OVERALL variable must exist in
the specification of the THEATER_PCK package.
4. Both the V_TOTAL_SEATS_SOLD_OVERALL variable and the
GET_TOTAL_FOR_YEAR function must exist in the specification of the
THEATER_PCK package.
74. A stored function must return a value based on conditions that are
determined at runtime. Therefore, the SELECT statement cannot be hard-
coded and must be created dynamically when the function is executed.
Which Oracle supplied package will enable this feature?
1. DBMS_DDL
2. DBMS_DML
3. DBMS_SYN
4. DBMS_SQL
1. 1.1
2.2
3.1
4.(1,3,4)
5.2
6.3
7.4
8.2
9.2
10.(3,4)
11.1
12.4
13.1
14.1
15.3
16.3
17.1
18.(1,4)
19.4
20.3
21.4
22.2
23.4
24.3
25.4
SQL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Which of the following statements contains an error?

1. SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empid = 493945;
2. SELECT empid FROM emp WHERE empid= 493945;
3. SELECT empid FROM emp;
4. SELECT empid WHERE empid = 56949 AND lastname = ‘SMITH’;
2. Which of the following correctly describes how to specify a column alias?
1. Place the alias at the beginning of the statement to describe the table.
2. Place the alias after each column, separated by white space, to describe the
column.
3. Place the alias after each column, separated by a comma, to describe the
column.
4. Place the alias at the end of the statement to describe the table.
3. The NVL function
1. Assists in the distribution of output across multiple columns.
2. Allows the user to specify alternate output for non-null column values.
3. Allows the user to specify alternate output for null column values.
4. Nullifies the value of the column output.
4. Output from a table called PLAYS with two columns, PLAY_NAME and
AUTHOR, is shown below. Which of the following SQL statements produced
it?
PLAY_TABLE
————————————-
“Midsummer Night’s Dream", SHAKESPEARE
“Waiting For Godot", BECKETT
“The Glass Menagerie", WILLIAMS
1. SELECT play_name || author FROM plays;

2. SELECT play_name, author FROM plays;
3. SELECT play_name||’, ‘ || author FROM plays;
4. SELECT play_name||’, ‘ || author PLAY_TABLE FROM plays;
5. Issuing the DEFINE_EDITOR="emacs” will produce which outcome?
1. The emacs editor will become the SQL*Plus default text editor.
2. The emacs editor will start running immediately.
3. The emacs editor will no longer be used by SQL*Plus as the default text
editor.
4. The emacs editor will be deleted from the system.
6. The user issues the following statement. What will be displayed if the EMPID
selected is 60494?
SELECT DECODE(empid,38475, “Terminated",60494, “LOA",

“ACTIVE")
FROM emp;
1. 60494
2. LOA
3. Terminated
4. ACTIVE
7. SELECT (TO_CHAR(NVL(SQRT(59483), “INVALID")) FROM DUAL is a
valid SQL statement.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
8. The appropriate table to use when performing arithmetic calculations on
values defined within the SELECT statement (not pulled from a table
column) is
1. EMP
2. The table containing the column values
3. DUAL
4. An Oracle-defined table
9. Which of the following is not a group function?
1. avg( )
2. sqrt( )
3. sum( )
4. max( )
10. Once defined, how long will a variable remain so in SQL*Plus?
1. Until the database is shut down
2. Until the instance is shut down
3. Until the statement completes
4. Until the session completes
11. The default character for specifying runtime variables in SELECT
statements is
1. Ampersand
2. Ellipses
3. Quotation marks
4. Asterisk
12. A user is setting up a join operation between tables EMP and DEPT. There
are some employees in the EMP table that the user wants returned by the
query, but the employees are not assigned to departments yet. Which
SELECT statement is most appropriate for this user?
1. select e.empid, d.head from emp e, dept d;
2. select e.empid, d.head from emp e, dept d where e.dept# = d.dept#;
3. select e.empid, d.head from emp e, dept d where e.dept# = d.dept# (+);
4. select e.empid, d.head from emp e, dept d where e.dept# (+) = d.dept#;
13. Developer ANJU executes the following statement: CREATE TABLE
animals AS SELECT * from MASTER.ANIMALS; What is the effect of this
statement?
1. A table named ANIMALS will be created in the MASTER schema with
the same data as the ANIMALS table owned by ANJU.
2. A table named ANJU will be created in the ANIMALS schema with the
same data as the ANIMALS table owned by MASTER.
3. A table named ANIMALS will be created in the ANJU schema with the
same data as the ANIMALS table owned by MASTER.
4. A table named MASTER will be created in the ANIMALS schema with
the same data as the ANJU table owned by ANIMALS.
14. User JANKO would like to insert a row into the EMPLOYEE table, which
has three columns: EMPID, LASTNAME, and SALARY. The user would
like to enter data for EMPID 59694, LASTNAME Harris, but no salary.
Which statement would work best?
1. INSERT INTO employee VALUES (59694,’HARRIS’, NULL);
2. INSERT INTO employee VALUES (59694,’HARRIS’);
3. INSERT INTO employee (EMPID, LASTNAME, SALARY) VALUES
(59694,’HARRIS’);
4. INSERT INTO employee (SELECT 59694 FROM ‘HARRIS’);
15. Which three of the following are valid database datatypes in Oracle? (Choose
three.)
1. CHAR
2. VARCHAR2
3. BOOLEAN
4. NUMBER
16. Omitting the WHERE clause from a DELETE statement has which of the
following effects?
1. The delete statement will fail because there are no records to delete.
2. The delete statement will prompt the user to enter criteria for the deletion
3. The delete statement will fail because of syntax error.
4. The delete statement will remove all records from the table.
17. Creating a foreign-key constraint between columns of two tables defined
with two different datatypes will produce an error.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
18. Dropping a table has which of the following effects on a nonunique index
created for the table?
1. No effect.
2. The index will be dropped.
3. The index will be rendered invalid.
4. The index will contain NULL values.
19. To increase the number of nullable columns for a table,
1. Use the alter table statement.
2. Ensure that all column values are NULL for all rows.
3. First increase the size of adjacent column datatypes, then add the column.
4. Add the column, populate the column, then add the NOT NULL
constraint.
20. Which line of the following statement will produce an error?
1. CREATE TABLE goods
2. (good_no NUMBER,
3. good_name VARCHAR2 check(good_name in (SELECT name FROM
avail_goods)),
4. CONSTRAINT pk_goods_01
5. PRIMARY KEY (goodno));
21. MAXVALUE is a valid parameter for sequence creation.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
22. Which of the following lines in the SELECT statement below contain an
error?
1. SELECT DECODE(empid, 58385, “INACTIVE", “ACTIVE") empid
2. FROM emp
3. WHERE SUBSTR(lastname,1,1) > TO_NUMBER(’S')
4. AND empid > 02000
5. ORDER BY empid DESC, lastname ASC;
23. Which function below can best be categorized as similar in function to an IF-
THEN-ELSE statement?
1. SQRT
2. DECODE
3. NEW_TIME
4. ROWIDTOCHAR
24. Which two of the following orders are used in ORDER BY clauses? (choose
two)
1. ABS
2. ASC
3. DESC
4. DISC
25. You query the database with this command
SELECT name
FROM employee
WHERE name LIKE ‘_a%’;
Which names are displayed?
1. Names starting with “a”

2. Names starting with “aR
3. or “A”
4. Names containing “aR
5. as second character
6. Names containing “aR
7. as any letter except the first
Database admin interview questions Database
1. What is a major difference between SQL Server 6.5 and 7.0 platform wise?
SQL Server 6.5 runs only on Windows NT Server. SQL Server 7.0 runs on
Windows NT Server, workstation and Windows 95/98.
2. Is SQL Server implemented as a service or an application? It is implemented

as a service on Windows NT server and workstation and as an application on
Windows 95/98.
3. What is the difference in Login Security Modes between v6.5 and 7.0? 7.0
doesn’t have Standard Mode, only Windows NT Integrated mode and Mixed
mode that consists of both Windows NT Integrated and SQL Server
authentication modes.
4. What is a traditional Network Library for SQL Servers? Named Pipes.
5. What is a default TCP/IP socket assigned for SQL Server? 1433
6. If you encounter this kind of an error message, what you need to look into to
solve this problem?
[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][Named Pipes]Specified

SQL Server not found.
1. Check if MS SQL Server service is running on the computer you are

trying to log into
2. Check on Client Configuration utility. Client and Server have to in sync.
7. What is new philosophy for database devises for SQL Server 7.0? There are
no devises anymore in SQL Server 7.0. It is file system now.
8. When you create a database how is it stored? It is stored in two separate files:
one file contains the data, system tables, other database objects, the other file
stores the transaction log.
9. Let’s assume you have data that resides on SQL Server 6.5. You have to
move it SQL Server 7.0. How are you going to do it? You have to use transfer
command.
10. Do you know how to configure DB2 side of the application? Set up an
application ID, create RACF group with tables attached to this group, attach the
ID to this RACF group.
11. What kind of LAN types do you know? Ethernet networks and token ring
networks.
12. What is the difference between them? With Ethernet, any devices on the
network can send data in a packet to any location on the network at any time.
With Token Ring, data is transmitted in ‘tokens’ from computer to computer in a
ring or star configuration. Token ring speed is 4/16 Mbit/sec , Ethernet - 10/100
Mbit/sec.
13. What protocol both networks use? TCP/IP. Transmission Control Protocol,
Internet Protocol.
14. How many bits IP Address consist of?An IP Address is a 32-bit number.
15. How many layers of TCP/IP protocol combined of? Five. (Application,
Transport, Internet, Data link, Physical).
16. How do you define testing of network layers? Reviewing with your developers
to identify the layers of the Network layered architecture, your Web client and
Web server application interact with. Determine the hardware and software
configuration dependencies for the application under test.
17. How do you test proper TCP/IP configuration Windows machine? Windows
NT: IPCONFIG/ALL, Windows 95: WINIPCFG, Ping or ping ip.add.re.ss
Oracle Interview Questions and Answers : SQL

1. To see current user name
Sql> show user;
2. Change SQL prompt name

SQL> set sqlprompt “Manimara > “
Manimara >
Manimara >
3. Switch to DOS prompt

SQL> host
4. How do I eliminate the duplicate rows ?

SQL> delete from table_name where rowid not in (select max(rowid) from table group
by duplicate_values_field_name);
or
SQL> delete duplicate_values_field_name dv from table_name ta where rowid <(select
min(rowid) from table_name tb where ta.dv=tb.dv);
Example.
Table Emp
Empno Ename
101 Scott
102 Jiyo
103 Millor
104 Jiyo
105 Smith
delete ename from emp a where rowid < ( select min(rowid) from emp b where a.ename
= b.ename);
The output like,
Empno Ename
101 Scott
102 Millor
103 Jiyo
104 Smith
5. How do I display row number with records?

To achive this use rownum pseudocolumn with query, like SQL> SQL> select rownum,
ename from emp;
Output:
1 Scott
2 Millor
3 Jiyo
4 Smith
6. Display the records between two range

select rownum, empno, ename from emp where rowid in
(select rowid from emp where rownum <=&upto
minus
select rowid from emp where rownum<&Start);
Enter value for upto: 10
Enter value for Start: 7
ROWNUM EMPNO ENAME

--------- --------- ----------
1 7782 CLARK
2 7788 SCOTT
3 7839 KING
4 7844 TURNER
7. I know the nvl function only allows the same data type(ie. number or char or
date Nvl(comm, 0)), if commission is null then the text “Not Applicable” want to
display, instead of blank space. How do I write the query?
SQL> select nvl(to_char(comm.),'NA') from emp;
Output :
NVL(TO_CHAR(COMM),'NA')
-----------------------
NA
300
500
NA
1400
NA
NA
8. Oracle cursor : Implicit & Explicit cursors

Oracle uses work areas called private SQL areas to create SQL statements.
PL/SQL construct to identify each and every work are used, is called as Cursor.
For SQL queries returning a single row, PL/SQL declares all implicit cursors.
For queries that returning more than one row, the cursor needs to be explicitly declared.
9. Explicit Cursor attributes

There are four cursor attributes used in Oracle
cursor_name%Found, cursor_name%NOTFOUND, cursor_name%ROWCOUNT,
cursor_name%ISOPEN
10. Implicit Cursor attributes

Same as explicit cursor but prefixed by the word SQL
SQL%Found, SQL%NOTFOUND, SQL%ROWCOUNT, SQL%ISOPEN
Tips : 1. Here SQL%ISOPEN is false, because oracle automatically closed the implicit
cursor after executing SQL statements.
: 2. All are Boolean attributes.
11. Find out nth highest salary from emp table

SELECT DISTINCT (a.sal) FROM EMP A WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT
(DISTINCT (b.sal)) FROM EMP B WHERE a.sal<=b.sal);
Enter value for n: 2

SAL
---------
3700
12. To view installed Oracle version information

SQL> select banner from v$version;
13. Display the number value in Words

SQL> select sal, (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'jsp'))
from emp;
the output like,
SAL (TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(SAL,'J'),'JSP'))
--------- -----------------------------------------------------
800 eight hundred
1600 one thousand six hundred
1250 one thousand two hundred fifty
If you want to add some text like,
Rs. Three Thousand only.
SQL> select sal "Salary ",
(' Rs. '|| (to_char(to_date(sal,'j'), 'Jsp'))|| ' only.'))
"Sal in Words" from emp
/
Salary Sal in Words
------- ------------------------------------------------------
800 Rs. Eight Hundred only.
1600 Rs. One Thousand Six Hundred only.
1250 Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only.
14. Display Odd/ Even number of records

Odd number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,1) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp);
1
3
5
Even number of records:
select * from emp where (rowid,0) in (select rowid, mod(rownum,2) from emp)
2
4
6
15. Which date function returns number value?

months_between
16. Any three PL/SQL Exceptions?

Too_many_rows, No_Data_Found, Value_Error, Zero_Error, Others
17. What are PL/SQL Cursor Exceptions?

Cursor_Already_Open, Invalid_Cursor
18. Other way to replace query result null value with a text
SQL> Set NULL ‘N/A’
to reset SQL> Set NULL ‘’
19. What are the more common pseudo-columns?

SYSDATE, USER , UID, CURVAL, NEXTVAL, ROWID, ROWNUM
20. What is the output of SIGN function?
1 for positive value,
0 for Zero,
-1 for Negative value.
21. What is the maximum number of triggers, can apply to a single table?
12 triggers.
Database Questions
1. What are the different types of joins?

2. Explain normalization with examples.
3. What cursor type do you use to retrieve multiple recordsets?
4. Diffrence between a "where" clause and a "having" clause
5. What is the difference between "procedure" and "function"?
6. How will you copy the structure of a table without copying the data?
7. How to find out the database name from SQL*PLUS command prompt?
8. Tadeoffs with having indexes
9. Talk about "Exception Handling" in PL/SQL?
10. What is the diference between "NULL in C" and "NULL in Oracle?"
11. What is Pro*C? What is OCI?
12. Give some examples of Analytical functions.
13. What is the difference between "translate" and "replace"?
14. What is DYNAMIC SQL method 4?
15. How to remove duplicate records from a table?
16. What is the use of ANALYZing the tables?
17. How to run SQL script from a Unix Shell?
18. What is a "transaction"? Why are they necessary?
19. Explain Normalizationa dn Denormalization with examples.
20. When do you get contraint violtaion? What are the types of constraints?
21. How to convert RAW datatype into TEXT?
22. Difference - Primary Key and Aggregate Key
23. How functional dependency is related to database table design?
24. What is a "trigger"?
25. Why can a "group by" or "order by" clause be expensive to process?
26. What are "HINTS"? What is "index covering" of a query?
27. What is a VIEW? How to get script for a view?
28. What are the Large object types suported by Oracle?
29. What is SQL*Loader?
30. Difference between "VARCHAR" and "VARCHAR2" datatypes.
31. What is the difference among "dropping a table", "truncating a table" and
"deleting all records" from a table.
32. Difference between "ORACLE" and "MICROSOFT ACCESS" databases.
33. How to create a database link ?
1. How do you list the files in an UNIX directory while also showing hidden
files? ls -ltra
2. How do you execute a UNIX command in the background? Use the “&".
3. What UNIX command will control the default file permissions when files are
created? umask
4. Explain the read, write, and execute permissions on a UNIX directory. Read
allows you to see and list the directory contents. Write allows you to create, edit
and delete files and subdirectories in the directory. Execute gives you the
permissions to run programs or shells from the directory.
5. What is the difference between a soft link and a hard link? A symbolic (soft)
linked file and the targeted file can be located on the same or different file system
while for a hard link they must be located on the same file system.
6. Give the command to display space usage on the UNIX file system. df -lk
7. Explain iostat, vmstat and netstat. iostat reports on terminal, disk and tape I/O
activity. vmstat reports on virtual memory statistics for processes, disk, tape and
CPU activity. netstat reports on the contents of network data structures.
8. How would you change all occurrences of a value using VI? %s/(old value)/
(new value)/g
9. Give two UNIX kernel parameters that effect an Oracle install. SHMMAX &
SHMMNI
10. Briefly, how do you install Oracle software on UNIX? Basically, set up disks,
kernel parameters, and run orainst.
Shell
-----
[1] How do I find out the names of files in a tar file called
"arch1.tar"?
[2] Say I have a directory tree under '.' and I want to look for the names of text files called
'*log' containing 'ORA-00054'. How could I do that?
[3] What's going on here?
$ ssh -n cyclops 'more /var/local/mail-list/*'
[4] What command would you use to display which user owns the current directory?
Technical Questions asked of UNIX Admins.
• Some questions will have more than one answer.

•
•
• Some questions are written to reveal something about
• the admin's style and are purposely vague.
•
•
• Because of the question wording it's possible for someone
• to respond correctly, but not with the answer I sought.
•
•
• Therefore this list is intended as a guide, not as a standard.
• (please don't email me for the answers... ;) john
•
=======================================================================
==
1) what editor do you use? (hint: a wrong answer here will heavily
influence the interview... what is on ALL Unix systems? ;)
2) what shell do you use? (hint: a wrong answer here will affect your
chances)
3) what is the best shell for root?
4) why is that the best shell for root?
5) list the operating systems you are familiar with and the versions.
6) how do you backup your system?
7) what commercial tools have you used for backup and archive?
8) what UID does root have across an NFS mount by default?
9) what file contains the mounted file systems in Solaris?
10) what file contains the mounted file systems in HP-UX?
11) what command identifies the NIS server you are bound to?
12) what is the name of the administrative tool for Sun?

13) what is the name of the administrative tool for HP?
14) what is the name of the administrative tool for IBM?
15) if you are going to modify CDE files, which directory should you
edit:
/usr/dt... or /etc/dt... ?
16) what differs between the NIS entry in the /etc/passwd file btwn HP
and Sun?
17) in Solaris 2.5 what is the name of the file with the NFS exported
files?
18) in Solaris 2.6 what is the name of the file with the NFS exported
files?
19) identify some differences btwn CDE in Solaris 2.6 and Solaris 2.7?
20) How can you tell what is attached to the SCSI chain on a Sun system?
21) How can you tell what is attached to the SCSI chain on an HP system?
22) What command will tell you have much memory a system has in Solaris?
23) What command will tell you have much memory a system has in HP-UX?
24) Where are system messages logged in Solaris?

25) Where are system messages logged in HP-UX?
26) How would you "break" an NFS mount on a system that has users on it?
27) Explain how you could stop and start a process without rebooting?
28) What command will tell you how long a system has been running?
29) What is LVM?

30) what is an HFS?
31) what is fsck?
32) what is Jxfs or Vxfs?
33) how do you get a Sun system to single user mode?

34) how do you get an HP system to single user mode?
35) What files control basic hostname and network information on a Sun?
(hint: 3)
36) What files control basic hostname and network information on an HP?
(hint: 2)
37) What command will provide status of your filesystems on a Sun?

38) What command will provide status of your filesystems on a HP?
39) What command will provide status of your filesystems on a Linux
system?
40) What file do you edit to permit non-console login of root on a

Solaris system?
41) What file (with path) contains the information that appears when you
right click on the background of a CDE login?
42) What command, with path, launches OpenWindows on a SunOs 4.1.3
system?
43) What command provides information on the health and performance of
NFS?
44) What command provides information on your network connection?
45) What are some of the tags in HTML that do not require a closing
tag?
46) What command can you use to find the path to an application?
47) What option can you use with FTP to automatically transfer using
wildcards?
48) What character(s) show up in an ascii file created in MSDos or
Windoze
when FTP'd in Binary mode?
49) What does the ioscan command do?
50) What does the lanscan command do?
51) What command in Solaris shows disk partitions?
52) What are the tar commands to display the contents of an archive?
53) What directory are programs like perl and netscape installed in?
54) What is the recommended ratio of swap to memory for X-windows?
55) What command tells you who is logged into a file system?
56) What is the command to shutdown and halt a Sun system?

57) What is the command to shutdown and halt an HP system?
58) How do you mount a filesystem?
59) What command can you use to identify a hostname or ip address?
60) What character is used to launch an application and run it in the

background?
61) What command lists the current running jobs?
62) How do you kill a running job?
63) Where are startup scripts for an HP-UX 10.20 system?

64) Where are startup scripts for a Solaris 2.6 system?
65) What command is used to display NIS host information for an IP

address?
Technical - UNIX
1. How do you list the files in an UNIX directory while also showing
hidden files?
2. How do you execute a UNIX command in the background?
3. What UNIX command will control the default file permissions when
files are created?
4. Explain the read, write, and execute permissions on a UNIX directory.
5. What is the difference between a soft link and a hard link?
6. Give the command to display space usage on the UNIX file system.
7. Explain iostat, vmstat and netstat.
8. How would you change all occurrences of a value using VI?
9. Give two UNIX kernel parameters that effect an Oracle install
10. Briefly, how do you install Oracle software on UNIX.

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DATASTAGE QUESTIONS

ASKED IN DIFFERENT INTERVIEWS

4.Did u write any routines ?

6.Have u used aggregator stage?

7 How do u test the job ?

8. Did u write any routines using BASIC programming?

9. How would U track the performance statistics and enhance it?

1. Use of hash files for look ups ( referential and entity)

16.What was the target database used in the last project?

3) How many jobs and transformations were used.

4) What are job parameters?

5) How do u schedule a job?

7) What happens if one job fails in the night?

10) How did u populate the source files?

14) Unix command to find a particular pattern in a file?

15) Unix command to combine two files

1) Explain any five transformations used?

These are some of the transformations used by us

2) Explain any five functions used in transforms

1. Rand: Return a psuedo random integer between 0 and 232-1

3)What is Snowflakes Schema. Explain with a fig?

The following is Snow-Flaked view of Student Fact table

OLTP data is usually volatile and DW is non- volatile.

5) Inter row buffering

Inter row buffering can be selected in DataStage Administrator stage

6.Can we link tow active stages.

Yes we can link tow active stages

7) What is the waiting period in the inter-row Buffering ?

8) How do you handle rejected by ODBC?

9) What is link ordering?

10) What are stage variables?

12) Disadvantages of High granularity

It takes more time and space for querying

13) Disadvantages of low granularity

High level details may not be present if we use low granularity

14) Advantages of high granularity

15) Advantages of low granularity

16) What is Dual granularity?

17) What does a sequencer do in job sequences?

18) What is the use of Job Parameters?

19) Name two before and after Job sub-routines?

Before: ExecDOS, DsWaitForFile

Count is the number of times the particular stage was executed

22) How do you test a Job?

There are many ways to test a job

23) Can we use a Sequential file for a look up ?

Yes we can use a Sequential file for a lookup

24) How do you propagate columns

25) Differentiate between shared and local container

There are two types of shared container:

1.Tell me about Star flake schema and Snow fake Schema ,?

.Could u tell me about the stage variables, how do u use it,

2.How do u eliminate the duplicates rows?

Using Link Ordering

4.Did u write any routines?

5 If u have million records, how do u test that in unit testing ?

6. how do u do oracle 4 way inner join if there r 4 Oracle input files?

7.Have u written SQL Scripts?

8.have u used aggregator stage?

9. How do u test the job?

12.What r shared containers and how do u use it?

16.What was the target database used in the last project?