Fill in each blank with one correct word

MORE SPECIES THAN EVER THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION

Scientists say counting the many different kinds of plants and animals on (13) _______________ is one way to
measure the health of our (14) _______________. Scientists use the word biodiversity to describe the (15)
_______________ of many kinds of plants, animals and other organisms. One definition of biodiversity is the
differences of life at all levels of biological (16) _______________. Biodiversity is also a way to (17)
_______________ the differences among all the organisms on earth.
Scientists say the existence of biodiversity is extremely important for human life. Plants and animals provide
much of our food, (18) _______________ and materials for industry. Biodiversity makes possible the natural
(19) _______________ of improved crops. Biodiversity helps to create a (20) ________________ for our
atmosphere and water supply. And it (21) _______________ activities through the (22) _______________ of
nature.

II. LEXICO- GRAMMAR (8 points)

Part 1: Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. Write your answers (A, B, C,
or D) in the space provided under this part.
23. The students failed to meet the necessary ________ for admission to the course.
A. fulfilments B. requirements C. qualities D. aptitudes
24. The seat belt can be altered to ________ for differences in the size of the passage.
A. permit B. adjust C. calculate D. allow
25. I didn’t feel too bad really, I only had a ________ attack of flu.
A. weak B. small C. gentle D. mild
26. There wasn’t ________ news in his letter.
A. a great many B. hardly any C. a great deal of D. a large number of
27. You’d better leave for the airport now ________ there’s a lot of traffice on the way.
A. in fact B. in time C. in order D. in case
28. He emptied the ________ of his purse on the table.
A. money B. contents C. iterms D. valuables
My father has been working as a ________ worker for ten years.
A. constructive B. construction C. constructing D. constructed
30. What do you say when you are ________ a piece of sound advice?
A. given B. as C. do D. told
31. I don’t think that green dress ________ her.
A. suits B. matches C. cheers D. agrees
32. His parents never allowed him ________.
A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. smoked
33. One ________ of their new house is that it has no garden.
A. pity B. dislike C. complaint D. disadvantage
34. The dentist told him to open his mouth ________.
A. broad B. much C. greatly D. wide
35. Mary's marriage has been arranged by her parents. She is going to marry a man ________.
A. that she hardly knows him B. which she hardly know him
C. she hardly knows D. she hardly knows him
36. At the office: – “My mother’s coming back from her vacation.”
– “________”
A. she had gone for two weeks. B. I hope the vacation was tiring.
C. it’s usually nice in June. D. I didn’t know she was away.
37. I'm in the ______ every month now. I simply can't afford to buy luxuries.
A. red B. pink C. black D. green
38. Would you like a beer? – Not while I’m ________.
A. in the act B. in order C. on duty D. under control
39. Many scientists are sure there is ________ on other planets.
A. life B. existence C. people D. creature
Your answers
 23. 29............................ 35........................
24. 30............................ 36........................
25. 31............................ 37........................
26. 32............................ 38........................
27. 33............................ 39........................
28. 34............................
Part 2: Read the text and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick () at the end of the line. If a line has a
word that should not be there, write the word at the end of the line. There are two examples at the
beginning (0 and 00).

Parents often worry about that there will be ‘something wrong’ with their 0. ........ .........
new babies. Here are two examples of things that they did go wrong, 00. ..... they.......
both, fortunately with happy endings. In 1977 a four-legged boy was 40. ___________
born at a hospital in England. He was then moved him to another 41. ___________
hospital. After six weeks, doctors carried out the rare and delicate 42. ___________
operation of removing his handicap. According to newspaper reports of 43. ___________
22 March of that year, the operation was a success well and the child 44. ___________
was doing well.
Here’s the second example. In 1982, a child was born in the United 45. ___________
States with a bullet in his brain. His 17-year-old mother had gave birth 46. ___________
to the boy more than two months prematurely after she was being shot 47. ___________
in a love-triangle quarrel. The bullet passed through her lower back and 48. ___________
through her kidney before it lodging in the brain of the unborn child. 49. ___________
The boy, Daniel, was delivered by Caesarean section several of hours 50. ___________
later. He was put on a life support system and it was two months before 51. ___________
the operating team at Broward General Hospital in Florida felt be able 52. ___________
to remove the bullet. The doctor, who was supervised the operation, 53. ___________
said the baby was born in a bad condition and he felt pretty certain he 54. ___________
would die. His recovery and survival instinct had been very quite 55. ___________
remarkable. Later reports stated that Daniel was now being a perfectly 56. ___________
normal toddler.

Part 3: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered spaces provided in the
column on the right. (0) has been done as an example.

IT’S NEVER TOO LATE TO LEARN

My attempt to teach myself Spanish has been (00. SUCCESS) so 00. unsuccessful
far and I am wondering whether I am simply (57. ABLE) to learn 57. __________________
foreign languages at my age. I am not (58. PATIENCE) and 58. __________________
neither am I (59. INTELLIGENCE), so why have I found it almost 59. __________________
(60. POSSIBLE) to learn more than just the basic of Spanish after 60. __________________
nearly six months of study? My vocabulary is (61. ADEQUATE) 61. __________________
beyond very basic expressions and my grammar is (62. SATISFY) 62. __________________
to say the least. It is not only that my Spanish is (63. CORRECT) 63. __________________
but I suspect I sound very (64. POLITE), too. Recently, I met a 64. __________________
Cuban tourist in a cafe and (65. FORTUNATE), I must have said 65. __________________
something (66. APPROPRIATE) because she looked very 66. __________________
offended and I got up and sat another table.

Part 4: Supply the correct form of the VERBS in brackets to complete the passage. Write your answers
in the space provided below the passage.
Last week I (67. walk) ________ home after playing tennis when it (68. start) ________ raining heavily, ‘Oh,
no, I (69. get) ________ soaked before I (70. reach) ________ home,’ I thought, ‘I wish I (71. remember)
________ to bring my raincoat.’ But unfortunately I (72. leave) ________ it at home. ‘How stupid of me!’ I
always (73. get) ________ to bring it with me. ‘Luckily just then a friend of mine passed in her car and offered
me a lift ‘(74. go) ________ you home?’ she asked me, ‘or (75. want) ________ you to go for a drink?’ ‘I thinhk
I’d rather you (76. take) ________ me home,’ I said.

Your answers
67................................. 72.
68................................. 73.
69................................. 74.
70................................. 75.
71................................. 76.

Part 5: Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one
which fits each gap (77-82). There is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an
example at the beginning (0).

BOYS SURVIVES SIX DAYS ON ICY MOUNTAIN

A 14-year-old snowboarder missing for six days and feared dead was found alive on Californian mountainside
after surviving blizzards and freezing temperatures, ‘Someone upstairs was looking out for him’ said Art Fortini.
0 High
The spot is 1,700 meters in the mountain H Ski area about 100 kilometres northeast of Los
...
Angeles.
77
He was airlifted to a nearby hospital where doctors reported he was in a stable condition although dehydrated.
... reunited with the boy who had been feared dead. Jeff was ‘hungry, tired and
His parents were flown in78to be
cold’ but otherwise appeared in good shape, a Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department spokesmen said.
Jeff disaapeared on the afternoon of February 7 while snowboarding with his uncle. On Friday afternoon, Mr
Fortini and Randy Katai found footprints in the snow and followed them to find the youth sitting by a stream.
‘He’s been through an ordeal. He took some ... of fall.’
79 kind
Mr Fortini said that although Jeff had no food, he could at least drink water from the stream.
80 ... Mr Katai said the young snowboarder appeared to have gone out of bounds on the ski slope and
got lost. 81 ...
At the height of the search 120 rescuers, two helicopters and two rescue dogs combed the mountain looking
for him. The search was hampered by heavy snow and wind up to 125 km/h.
Sheriff’s deputy Benita Nichols said Jeff was ‘alive and alert, although exhausted’ when he was found ‘in the
area where they have been searching for him the last few days.’ 82 ...

A. He also had some frostbite and his body temperature had fallen to about 34 degrees Celsius.
B. She said there was no word on how she had survived the ordeal.
C. Jeff Thornton had survived for six days with no food, in freezing night temperatures and daytime
blizzards in a place near Bear Gulch.
D. ‘I yelled his name and he turned round and looked at me and I knew he was alive,’ Mr Katai said.
E. Bears and wolves are sometimes seen in the area.
F. It was a very steep, rugged area and he had been unable to climb back up to the ski area.
G. But ‘how he survived the storms ... I have no answer.’
 H. Mr Fortini is one of two Sierra Madre Search and Rescue team members who found the missing boy.

Part 6: Insert A, AN, THE or Φ (zero article) where necessary. Write your answers in the numbered
spaces provided under the passage.

I did not feel good. I had (83) ________ headache and (84) ________ sore throat, and I went to (85) ________
bed at eight o’clock with some lemon and honey. When I woke up in (86) ________ morning I was so full of
(87) ________ cold that I hardly breathe. I got up and took my temperature, and upon finding it was (88)
________ hundred point four. I went straight to (89) ________ bed again. (90) ________ Father wanted to
sent for (91) ________ doctor, and I said I did not want (92) ________ doctor.

Your answers
83. 88.
84. 89.
85. 90.
86. 91.
87. 92.

Part 7: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition or adverbial particle. Write your answers in the
space provided under this part.

93. We called him ________ to ask his advice.

94. As each person arrives, check his name ________ the list.
95. Your composition was poorly organized; you must do it ________.
96. I want to point ________ several important facts to you.
97. Walter has taken ________ flying.
98. These groceries come ________ $5.
99. The idea came ________ me while I was watching TV.
100.They arrived ________ Bangkok in January.
101. The manager has consented ________ the wage increase demanded by the union.
102. Tony takes ________ his father both in looks and in character.

Your answers

93. 98.
94. 99.
95. 100..............................................
96. 101..............................................
97. 102..............................................

III. READING (3 points)

Part 1: Choose the word that best fits each of the blanks in the following passage. Circle A, B, C, or D
to indicate your answer.
Living in the country is something (103) ________ people from the city often dream about. However, in
reality, it has both advantages and (104) ________.
There are certainly many advantages to living in the country. First of all, you can enjoy (105) ________
and quiet. Moreover, people tend to be friendlier. A further advantage is that there is less (106) ________, so it
is safer for young children.
However, there are certain drawbacks to life outside the city. Firstly, because there are (107) ________
people, you are (108) ________ to have few friends. In addition, entertainment is difficult to find, (109)
________ in the evening. Furthermore, the fact that there are fewer shops and services means that it is hard to
find (110) ________
 In conclusion, it can be seen that the country is (111) ________ suitable for some people than others.
On the whole, it is often the best place for those who are retired or who have young children. In (112)
________, young people who have a career are better provided for in the city.

103. A which B who C whom D that

104. A benefit B difficulty C hardship D disadvantages
105. A peace B peaceful C silent D still
106. A cars B motors C traffic D vehicles
107. A more B fewer C less D little
108. A like B likely C likelihood D possibly
109. A early B particularly C specially D usually
110. A career B job C place D work
111. A many B more C most D much
112. A contrary B contrast C convert D conversion

Part 2: Read the following passage and complete the statements that follow by circling A, B, C, or D to
indicate your answer which you think fits best.

NICHE ENVIRONMENT
1. It has long been an accepted fact that changes in environment can have a great impact on evolution.
Changes in environment present new challenges that a species must adapt to or face extinction. Instances
illustrating this fact are numerous. Climate changes 64 million years ago led to the extinction of the dinosaurs
and th emergence of mammals. Rapid changes in the African climate led early hominids to develop larger
brains that would later characterize them as human. The introduction of antibiotics in medicine has led some
diseases to evolve so that they are more resistant to these medicines. These are just a few of the ways in
which environmental changes help drive evolution.
2. Some biologists, however, are beginning to look at the way evolution influences the environment.
Certain organizisms evolve in ways that allow them to significantly alter their environment. They create
environments which increase their chances of survival. Such created environments are called niche
environment. The most famous creators of niche environment are, of course, human beings. In the
approximately100,000 years that modern humans have existed, we have altered our environment in more
ways than all of the organisms that came before us. Other notable creators of niche environments are beavers
and earthworms. Beavers play an important role in the creation of small lakes and ponds, and earthworms are
responsible for significant chemical changes in the soil.
3. When an organism alters its environment, it also alters its own evolutionary process by removing or
at least changing the environmental pressures that it has to adapt to. For example, nearly every other animal
has a relatively heavy coat of fur to protect it from the weather. When human began changing their
environment by wearing clothes and building homes, ths became unnecessary. Furthermore, creators of niche
environments may also alter the evolutionary path of other animals that share its enviroment. This has led to
the creation of a new theory of evolution, called extended evolution. Extended evolution builds on Darwin’s
basic theory but attempts to factor in the effects of niche environments in the overall process of evolution.
113. Why does the author discuss antibiotics in paragraph 1?
A. To show how diseases can become more powerful through evolution
B. To give an example of how an organism can adapt to changes in its environment
C. To discuss how the creation of medicinecan sometimes endanger human health
D. To show that the effects of evolution are not always positive
114. According to the passage, the term niche environment can best be described as ________.
A. the process through which environmental changes help drive evolution
B. the evolution of the environment in ways that are advantageous to certain animals
C. specialized environments created by organisms to increase their chances of survival
D. the pressures that environmental changes exert on animals that fail to adapt to them.
115. The world this in the passage refers to ________.
A. humans changing their environment
B. a heavy coat of fur
C. the construction of homes
D. adapting to the weather
116. According to paragraph 3, what effect did the study of niche environments have on evolutionary science?
A. It disproved Darwin’s orgirinal theory of evolution.
B. It led to modifications to the theory of evolution.
 C. It reinforced popular beliefs about evolution.
D. It demanded a separate theory of evolution for the creators of niche environment.

Part 3: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow by circling A, B, C, or D to indicate your
answers.
MEMORIES
If human memories could be extracted from their deep and mysterious lair in the brain and then pieced
together like a jigsaw, one day alone of this century could be recreated in minute detail. November 22, 1963 is
etched into the minds of nearly every English-speaking person over 40. It was, of course, the day that
President Kennedy was shot. Linked to each individual's recollection of the main event is a detailed record of
what they were doing when they heard the news.
The fact that so many people can remember that moment demonstrates what a world-shattering one it was.
But in the long run, it may be that what it demonstrates about the workings of the human brain is more
important. After all, why should we remember what we were doing when we heard of the assassination? We
take it for granted that our memories work this way, but would it not be more logical for events of such
magnitude to obliterate the memory of whatever we were up to at the time, rather than enhance it?
Our memories are fantastically complex, but anyone who has ever used a personal computer has a
ready-made model with which to compare them. The computer model is not perfect, however. For a start, the
largest mainframe in the world cannot compete with the potential brain power of human beings. Packed into
even the thickest of human skulls are some 1,000 billion cells, or neurones, and each one can connect with
thousands of its neighbours. Each connection represents a "bit" of information and, in theory, we can carry
more bits than there are atoms in the known universe.
There are two quite distinct types of memory - short-term and long-term. Our short-term memories are those
which we hold on to for just as long as we need them. The vast majority of our everyday thoughts; sights and
impressions are registered in the short-term memory only. They take the form of patterns, or linked pathways,
created by circulating currents of electrical energy. So long as the current is buzzing around its little route, the
memory that it represents stays in the mind. But once the current dies down, the memory, too, starts to fade.
While short-term memories consist of active electrical circuits, long-term memories are quite literally etched
into our brains. It seems that if the pathways taken by a particular electrical current are well-trodden, or if the
current passing along them is strong enough, the cells along the way change, so that the route or pattern is
permanently marked.
Events which have strong meaning for us are particularly likely to be upgraded into the long term memory. Part
of the reason is probably that we go over and over these memories, keeping the pathways stimulated and the
electrical current high. It's also likely that certain chemicals come into play, too. When we are excited, very
happy, or frightened, our glands pump out chemicals such as adrenaline. One theory has it that some of these
chemicals stimulate the neurones to alter their structure and forge permanent connections with each other.
It follows, then, that a memory formed when we are "up" is more likely to stick than one registered when
we are down. Several experiments seem to bear this out- In one, a group of students was first shown an
exciting film, then given a list of words to memorise. Another group was shown a miserable film, then given the
same learning task. Next day the group who watched the happy film could remember 20% more words than
the other group.
Some people have the ability to reproduce things perfectly through what is known as an eidetic
memory. These are the people who can glance at a newspaper and retain a "snapshot" memory of it. This sort
of memory is quite different from the imprint that most of us would make. Try closing your eyes and bringing to
mind a scene you know well - the pattern of the wall-paper in your bedroom, say, and then try to describe it
perfectly. Almost certainly you will find it impossible - the fine details will seem to dissolve when you focus on
them. But people with eidetic memories really can examine the pictures in their mind's eye as if they were the
real thing.
Even the most forgetful of us can improve our memories. Mnemonics can be learned by anyone. At their
simplest they involve filing things away in a way that makes them easy to retrieve. For example, if you want to
remember a list of things, you could create an imaginary street scene in your mind's eye, then "place" the
things you need to remember in various places along the street. It helps to make the objects visual striking. If
one of the things you need to remember is, say, to take the car in for a service, you might "place" the car, with
its engine dismantled, in some thoroughly unlikely setting - hanging from a lamp-post perhaps. When you later
stroll down your "street" looking for the things on your list, the suspended car will not escape notice!

117. Why is it strange that so many people can remember what they were doing when President Kennedy
was assassinated?
A. It is difficult to remember your actions on a day a long time ago.
 B. They weren’t affected personally by the assassination.
C. It was such an important event for the world as a whole.
D. They probably were doing anything unusual that day.
118. What does the writer say about the memory in comparison with the computer?
A. Neither of them is completely reliable all the time.
B. The memory is more complicated than the computer.
C. The computer operates in a more organized way than the memory.
D. Neither of them is used to its fullest capacity all the time.
119. Events enter the long-term memory if ________
A. we think about them repeatedly.
B. we are determined to remember them.
C. they are repeated many times.
D. they happen unexpectedly.
120. What do experiments show about our memories?
A. Our ability to remember something depends on our feelings when it happens.
B. We are more likely to remember things we do than things we see.
C. People are more likely to pleasant things than unpleasant ones.
D. We tend to have better long-term memories than short-term memories.
121. The example of wallpaper is intended to illustrate that ________
A. most of us pay little attention to our surroundings.
B. eidetic memories are only useful for remembering visual things.
C. most of us cannot remember things with complete accuracy.
D. having eidetic memory is a big advantage in life.
122. The writer give an example of using mnemonics for:
A. remembering what something looks like.
B. remembering where you have to put something.
C. remembering something that you have done.
D. remembering that you have to do something.

Part 4: Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided
below the passage.

There are literally billions of animals in the world, (123) __________ insects and bugs. But we can group them
into three catagories, (124) __________ on what they eat. The three groups are (125) __________ herbivores,
carnivores and omnivores. Herbivores are animals that only eat (126) __________. Many of these animals
(127) __________ multi stomachs. Carnivores are animals that only eat (128) __________. Lions and tigers
are well-known (129) __________. Omnivores are animals that eat (130) __________ meat and plants.
(131) __________humans are omnivores, although some only eat plants. We call them (132) __________.

Your answers:
123. ………………………………….. 128. …………………………………..
124. ………………………………….. 129. …………………………………..
125. ………………………………….. 130. …………………………………..
126. ………………………………….. 131. …………………………………..
127. ………………………………….. 132. …………………………………..

IV. WRITING (6 points)

Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.

133. What a surprise to see you at this conference!

Fancy ............................................................................................................................
134. That lazy boy does almost no work.

Hardly ...........................................................................................................................
135. He remembers them using a lot of idioms in their conversation.
 He remembers a ..........................................................................................................
136. An announcement of their engagement appeared in the local paper.
Their engagement ........................................................................................................
137. It was only because I owed him a favor that I agreed to help him.
But ................................................................................................................................

Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar its possible in meaning
to the original sentence. Use the word given and other words as necessary. Do not change the form of
the given word.

138. The teachers agreed to introduce the new methods. (agreement)

.................................................................................................................................

139. That sort of behaviour was deplorable, in my opinion. (approve)

.....................................................................................................................................

140. The new lecture was unpopular with his students. (take)

.....................................................................................................................................

141. Don't run away with the idea that this job is easy. (conclusion)

....................................................................................................................................

142. Not many students attended the lecture. (poorly)

....................................................................................................................................

Part 3:
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in
1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. You should write about 150 words.
Proportion of people from each
Family types
household type living in poverty
single age person 6% (54,000)
aged couple 4% (48,000)
single, no children 19% (359,000)
couple, no children 7% (211,000)
sole parents 21% (232,000)
couple with children 12% (933,000)
all household 11% (1,837,000)
..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

Part 4:

Write about the following topic (about 250 words): ..…..………..

Happiness is considered very important in life. Nevertheless, it is very difficult
to define.
Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving
happiness?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

..…..………..…………………………………………………………………………………………