Call Forwarding Unconditional

A-side
terminal
equipment Signalling
e g by ISUP (TUP, MFCR2) C-side
terminal
equipment

Transit MSISDN Gateway FTNO Transit FTNO terminating

MSISDN
switch MSC switch exchange
local
exchange Transit Call Transit Call
Transit Call Terminating Call
Interrogation Outgoing Traffic
Outgoing Terminating Traffic
Originating Call Traffic
Outgoing Traffic
SendRoutingInfo FTNO

B-side (mobile) to
HLR C-side

MAP signalling
based on SCCP and TCAP
 IN Services
• PPS – PrePaidService
– Each PPS subscriber has an account on the SCP. By buying a voucher
the PPS subscriber can recharge this account. Each MOC of the PPS
subscriber causes a reduction of his account (depending on the
destination, time, location, ...). It is also possible to charge MTCs which
the PPS subscriber gets. This is called Online Charging. For the
operator it is not necessary to know the PPS subscriber. This means no
contract is needed.

• VPN – Virtual Private Network

– Companies can make their own VPNs. It is possible to add mobile and
fixed subscribers to the VPN. The VPN subscribers can reach each
other by dialling a short code. It is also possible to dial out of the VPN
by using a normal number. There are different access types which can
be used to reach the VPN service. The Company can define what is
allowed and what is not allowed (e.g. it is possible to define forbidden
numbers which can not be called, it is possible to say calls from a
certain number are not connected to the VPN subscribers, ...)
 Mobile Originating
IN Trigger
• IN mobile subscriber is marked in HLR for originating IN triggers
• HLR provides this info to VLR
during location update
• HLR provides this info to GMSC
during interrogation

Mobile Terminating
IN Trigger
• IN mobile subscriber is marked in HLR for terminating IN triggers
• HLR provides this info to GMSC during interrogation
 IN-call (MOC)

SCP
HPLMN

4 3 HLR
SINAP CONNECT SINAP
6 MOC IDP
CONNECT 5 1
SSP
CONNECT LUP
PSTN
VLR

2
PSTN
MOC

SCP Service Control Point

SSP Service Switching Point
 IN-call (MTC)

SCP
HPLMN

5 4 HLR
SINAP CONNECT SINAP
1 MTC IDP
incoming call
3
PSTN SSP
Interrogation

incoming call
7
6 MSC MTC
PSTN CONNECT
VLR
 MNP
1. Mobile subscriber from Operator 1 is calling mobile subscriber from
Operator1
2. Mobile subscriber from Operator 1 is calling mobile subscriber from
Operator1, but this is ported to Operator 2
3. Mobile subscriber from Operator 1 is calling mobile subscriber from
Operator2
4. Mobile subscriber from Operator 1 is calling mobile subscriber from
Operator2, but this is ported to operator 1