Prem EY (ea! bao Craw Loe er) IONIC EQUILIBRIA BY DR.SUNETRA CHAUDHARI Sunetra Choudhary's screen4G ull 25.1K/s @--- Ce ve) fan Looe » Tostudy the ionic equilibria it is necessary to study electrolytes. Electrolytes are substances which when dissolved in water .break up in to ions. It is called as Ionization or dissociation. All those substances which dissociates almost completely are known as strong electrolytes. They may be strong acids like HCI.HNO,.HCIO, Strong base like NaOH. KOH, Ba(OH)2 Or Salts NaCL.KCLCaCl2 ete. Sunetra Choudhary's screen09:45 Coon | q) FYBSC CHEM ~ oes Breakout Soto » The substances which dissociates to a small extent » (1-10%) in solution are called weak electrolytes They are weak acids like unionized molecules and tons. Thus for weak electrolytes the ions produced on dissociation are in equilibrium with un dissociated molecules in solution, which is referred to as Ionic equilibrium of Ionization:a:- It is defined as the fraction of weak electrolyte that slales into its ions when an equilibrium is ns Ce elt) elem ile(-r0} El ela tel rn} Telia= 1) 2) It is given by the symbol ‘a’ Number of moles or amount of weak electrolyte dissociated Total number of moles or Initial concentration Degree of dissociation depends upon Nature of solute —Strong electrolyte dissociate s completely, the degree of dissociation 1s unity. For weak electrolyte which dissociate slightly the degree of dissociation 1s much les than |.(a << 1) Nature of solvent:- The degree of dissociation of an electrolyte insolvent increase. Water 1s universal solvent.4G ul 29.2K/s © @--- BV eo Concentration of solution’ Degree of dissociation ses with dilution of the solution of electrolyte ture of solution: As temperature increases the degree of dissociation increase Presence of other ions: Degree of ionization is affected by presence of ions common to the weak electrolyte. e.g. In presence of CH;COONa the dissociation of weak acid CH,COOH is decrease or suppressed due to common ion effect (CH;COO- 1ons)4G ull25.1K/s©@-- 10:15AM ny eae [yA VUO Cee ye ia tO) Consider weak electrolyte BA which dissociates as BA=Bt+A" (4) Applying law of mass action The rate of forward reaction « [BA] =. BA] Similarly the rate of backward reaction « [B'][A™ =k [B*][A] At equilibrium rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction Hence, k[BA] = k’ [B a: Where K is called as ionization or dissociation constant Sunetra Choudhary's screen4G ul 23.4K/s © ++ ew) La eo) » Let for the equation (2), initial concentration of the reactant 1s ‘c” and ‘a? the degree of dissociation, then the equilibrium concentration wou. BA = B+ 4 Initial conen. 2 0 0 Eqm. conen. (1-aje ac ac Substituting the above values in eqn. (2), we get ac: ac » (l-aye ae 1-a For very very dilute solutions a<<<1, therefore, 1- a =1 K KFem Pk) (Oman tel V Rs ea 522 FY LCZ Tisha left a) FYBSCCHEMY _—[ Leave IONIC PRODUCT Po yhsss Water is the most commonly used solvent and it is amphoteric in nature. The dissociation of w i 2 rey nted as- action to equation (1) we get _ [x Jou-] tito] place to a verv v small ssociated water molecules [H,O] product of K[H,O] can be replaced by new constant Kw = K[H,0]=[H" Jou -] uid The constant Kw ts termed as ionic product of water. rn ae Unmute Start Video c far 1atfel| 9-10) 63 More