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Chronic Kidney
Disease
Acute Manifestations
and Role of Critical
Care Nurses
Sharon K. Broscious, RN, DSN, CCRN
Judith Castagnola, RN, MSN
1. Why is chronic kidney disease (CKD) a public health issue? ? 7. Which of the following best describes the function of the
a. Because of increasing incidence and the high cost of interventions endocrine system in CKD in relationship to hypocalcemia?
b. Because of increasing cost of insurance premiums and loss of insurance a. The thyroid gland increases it secretion of thyroid hormone, stimulating
c. Because of limited access to dialysis centers and limited public education of the the release of cortisol into the blood.
disease b. The thyroid gland decreases secretion of thyroid hormone, decreasing
d. Because of limited access to dialysis centers and the high cost of interventions the amount of calcium excreted.
c. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, decreasing the
2. Which of the following are 3 risk factors for end-stage renal disease amount of calcium released from the bone into the vascular system.
according to Healthy People 2010? d. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, increasing the
a. Hypertension, proteinuria, and family history amount of calcium released from the bone in the vascular system.
b. Diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and smoking
c. Obesity, smoking, and proteinuria 8. Which of the following cardiovascular changes do critical care
d. Increasing age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia nurses need to monitor during their assessment of the patient with
CKD?
3. In relationship to cardiac output, what percentage of blood is a. Peripheral edema, cardiac dysrhythmia, and electrolyte levels
f iltered through the nephrons per minute in normal homeostasis? b. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, pulmonary edema, and hypotension
a. 20% to 25% c. Dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypotension
b. 35% to 45% d. Endocarditis, hyperglycemia, and congestive heart failure
c. 45% to 50%
d. 75% to 80% 9. Which of the following are associated with renal osteodystrophy?
a. Osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa, and osteosclerosis
4. Which of the following best describes the response to decreased b. Peripheral neuropathy, osteoperiostitis, and osteophlebitis
glomerular f iltration rate? c. Osteomatosis, osteomyelitis, and dysostosis
a. Cortisol is released from the adrenal medulla, resulting in reabsorption of d. Dermatitis, desmosis, and myelolysis
sodium and water.
b. Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex, resulting in excretion of 10. As blood completes the circuit during dialysis, approximately
water, sodium, and potassium. how much blood is outside the body at any time?
c. Antidiuretic hormone is released resulting in reabsorption of water, sodium, a. 75 to 150 mL
and potassium. b. 100 to 300 mL
d. Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex, resulting in reabsorption of c. 200 to 300 mL
water and sodium. d. 250 to 400 mL
5. Which of the following best illustrates the correct anion gap equation? 11. The National Kidney Foundation recommends which type of
a. Anion gap = Na+ + (Cl- + HCO3-) access for permanent vascular access?
b. Anion gap = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-) a. Infusaport
c. Anion gap = 6.1 + log (HCO3- / [0.03 × PCO2]) b. Ash catheter
d. Anion gap = Cl- + (Na+ / HCO3-) c. Arteriovenous graft
d. Arteriovenous fistula
6. Which of the following best describes the normal excretion of
potassium by the kidneys?
a. 20 to 40 mmol daily
b. 40 to 60 mmol daily
c. 30 to 50 mmol daily
d. 80 to 100 mmol daily
Test answers: Mark only one box for your answer to each question. You may photocopy this form.
1. K a 2. K a 3. K a 4. K a 5. K a 6. K a 7. K a 8. K a 9. K a 10. K a 11. K a
Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb Kb
Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc Kc
Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd Kd
Test ID: C064 Form expires: August 1, 2008. Contact hours: 2.0 Fee: $12 Passing score: 8 correct (73%) Category: A Test writer: Todd M. Grivetti, RN, BSN, CCRN
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