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Why do we need Governors?
governor
•Power sources must be controlled to be converted to
governors
useful work.
speed
basic electronic speed
•Uncontrolled prime movers, not operating at desired
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What is a Governor?
governor
governors
•A Governor is a device which controls the energy source
speed
to a prime mover to control its power for a specific
speed
basic electronic
purpose.
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Simple explanation of governing
governor
governors
the accelerator depending of driving up- or downhill.
speed
basic electronic
MAN B&W Diesel Training mechanical speed
4 © MAN B&W Diesel Aktiengesellschaft, Augsburg
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Constant Load
DESIRED SPEED
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Constant Load
governor
governors
•The speedometer senses actual speed.
speed
•The driver compares desired speed to actual speed, If
speed
basic electronic
they are the same, fuel is held steady.
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Increased Load
SPEED
LIMIT
60
Increase
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Increased Load
governor
governors
• The actual speed is less than desired speed.
• Driver increases the fuel to increase the speed, which
speedspeed
returns the actual speed to the desired speed.
basic electronic
• Before the actual speed reaches the desired speed,
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Decreased Load
speed
basic electronic
MAN B&W Diesel Training mechanical governor
governors
speed
9 © MAN B&W Diesel Aktiengesellschaft, Augsburg
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Decreased Load
governor
increases.
governors
• Actual speed is greater than desired speed.
speed
• Driver decreases fuel to decrease speed, which
speed
basic electronic
returns the actual speed to desired speed.
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Control Loop
governor
Control of the
governors
Energie
speed
Actual Speed
speed
or Load
basic electronic
MAN B&W Diesel Training mechanical
Desired Speed or
Load Reference
11 © MAN B&W Diesel Aktiengesellschaft, Augsburg
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Closing the Loop
governor
the desired speed or load.
governors
•Closed Loop Definition: When used as an automatic
speedspeed
control system for operation or process in which
basic electronic
feedback in a closed path or group of paths to
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Control Loop at a Diesel engine
Summing
point
Actuator Governor
governor
Fuel
governors
speed
Control
speed
Loop
basic electronic
MAN B&W Diesel Training mechanical
Actual
Speed or
Engine Load
Fuel Pumps
Exhaust
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Summing point
Speed Reference or
Desired Set - Point
Error
governor
Feedback
Output
governors
Other Inputs To
speed
Amplifier Output
(Load Sensor)
speed
PID To
basic electronic
(Synchronizer)
Actuator
Actual Speed
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Elements of the Control Loop
governor
• The Integrator Part
governors
speed
• The Derivative Part
speed
basic electronic
MAN B&W Diesel Training mechanical
¾ PID - Governor
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Characteristics of PID
Engine speed Load jump
speed
basic electronic speed governor
governors
• reaction of the integrator Part:
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Layout of the electronic speed governor
speed pickups
speed signal
fuel rack and pumps
speed governor
calculated
fuel setpoint
Power
speed setpoint
supply
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running 4 stroke Diesel engine
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Possible operating modes
• Speed droop
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Definition of Speed droop
Speed droop
Droop is simply a decrease of the speed
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Speed droop Curve
nominal speed
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What happens without speed droop
Generator
Isolated
Load
102,5%
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Grid parallel with speed droop
Generator
Isolated
SPEED
Load
speed setpoint
105%
102,5%
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Definition of Isochronous
ISOCHRONOUS
(ISO+CHRONOS = SAME +TIME)
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Isochronous Curve
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Layout Isochronous Load sharing
Generator A Generator B
Isolated
Load
Communication via
Load sharing lines
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Definition of Master / Slave
Master / Slave
For operation with two or more engines on one mech. load
Applications:
• Loadsharing between two ships main engines running
on one gearbox / shaft.
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Layout Master /Slave operation
Master Slave
actuator position
speed setpoint
actual: speed governor actual: positioner
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New starting procedure
Advantages :
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Very good engine start
engine needs little fuel for ignition
speed
p
am
e dr
s pe
a rt
St
Ignition
Start
Start
speed 2 Acceleration by start-air
Start
speed 1
tim e
Fuel
adm ission
D E
Start
Pos. 1
C
B C hange to
speed control
Start tim e 1
Start tim e 2
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Medium engine start
engine needs more fuel for ignition
Speed
minimum
speed
p
am
e dr
s pe
art
St
Ignition
Start
Start
speed 2 Acceleration by start-air
Start
speed 1
time
Fuel
admission
Positioned after activation of speed
Start
control limited fuel rack position
Pos.2
D E
Start
Pos.1 Change to
speed control
C
B
A
time
Start time 1
Start time 2
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Bad engine start
engine needs a lot of fuel for ignition
speed
minimum
speed
p
ram
e ed
sp
art
St
Ignition
Start
Start
speed 2 Acceleration by start-air
Start
speed 1
Fuel
admission
D E
Start
Pos.1
Change to
C speed control
B
Start time 1
Start time 2
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Speed Sensors
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Proximity Probes
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Demo Proximity Probe
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Magnetic Probes
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Demo Magnetic Probes
s s
Bracket Or Permanent
Flywheel Magnet Coil Pole
Housing Piece
mpu
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Frequency calculation
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