Stem cell ResearchShould it continue ?

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Stem cell ResearchShould it continue ? By Lori Thompson Gateway Technical Institute

What is a stem cell? :

What is a stem cell? A cell found in most organisms Can regenerate for long periods thru cell division Can develop into cells with
specific functions

Stem Cells :
Stem Cells Unique “No other cell in human body has the ability to renew itself or change into different cells”(MFMER, 2009).

Legend of Prometheus symbol for Regeneration :

Legend of Prometheus symbol for Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy :

Stem Cell Therapy Replacing diseased ,non-functioning, or injured cells with stem cell lines Similar to organ transplants “Once
stem cell line is created, no matter how it is derived, it is immortal”(NIH,2009). Once stem cell line is made grown indefinitely,
frozen

Two Main Types :

T Two Main Types photo courtesy of http://www.innovations-report.com Photo courtesy of http://www.grg.orge/im

Where do stem cells come from? :

Where do stem cells come from? Are currently only type of stem cells being used in humans to treat disease Found in adult, child
tissue, umbilical cords Some can be “reprogrammed”(Wi Cell, n.d.). Most are difficult to find, hard to culture, and rare Advances
made in collecting and “harvesting”(NIH, 2009) Adult Stem Cells

Adult stem cell research Currently… :

Adult stem cell research Currently… Bone Marrow (40 years) Lymphoma, leukemia, blood disorders (help immune system after
chemo.) In the future potential to aid in Heart Disease Blood Disorders Spinal Cord Injuries Kidney cancer Diabetes

Human Embryonic Stem Cells :

Human Embryonic Stem Cells HES cells come from the human embryo,4-5 days old come from infertility clinics. photo courtesy of
http://www.voanews.com/burmese/images/Retreiving_embryonic_stemce.jpg

Human Embryonic Stem Cells :

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Easy to culture Reproduce indefinitely First opportunity to study at young stage Can become over
200 types of tissue Might become tumor cell(unknown) First clinical study in humans in Jan. 2009 Geron Still in clinical trials

Human Embryonic Stem Cells :

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Donated with written consent Donated by patients being treated for infertility These frozen embryos
would otherwise be discarded Currently “400,000 IVF frozen embryos in U.S. Of these 2.8% will be discarded” ( Windslow, 2006).

Umbilical Cord :
Umbilical Cord This type of adult stem cell research uses umbilical cords and placentas Donated by patients “At delivery, cord
blood is collected, stored, and frozen” Doesn’t hurt mother or baby Over 150 units of cord blood frozen and ready(Roy-
Bornstein,2009).

Umbilical :
Umbilical First Cord Blood was in 1988 Over “6,000 transplantations worldwide” Transplantation occurs faster, since no donor
involved Works well in children, not in adults weighing more than 110 pounds Number of cells in cord blood 1/10 of cells adult
bone marrow Successful in cancer, blood disorders, and in immune deficiencies (Roy-Bornstein, MD, 2009).

Statistics :
Statistics Within the next year:”130,000 people Worldwide will suffer spinal cord injuries. Of these 90% will endure partial
paralysis”(Underwood, 2009). Knowing the statement above and that there are many more diseases that can be aided by stem
cell research, how can we say no.

In Madison, WI :
In Madison, WI Dr. James Thomson led group developed 1st HES stem cell lines Currently 30 research teams of 80 scientists UW
Madison World Leader in HES $750 m annual research WI Cell hosts NSCB, 21 HES Stem cell lines for distribution “shipped cells
to 800 researchers in 32 countries and 42 states”(Wi Cell,n.d.).

:
New Guidelines for HES cell research July 2009 1) only be used from “in vitro fertilization” 2)donated by informed individuals
consented voluntary and written 3)can be no financial payments made for 4) NIH remains separate from privately funded 5) NIH
will establish working group of scientists and ethicists to review existing cell lines, determine funding, post online registry” (Jadin,
2009). President Obama revoked Bush’s restrictions and funding ban that limited scientists “to 21 out the 700 stem cell lines

What are ethical implications? :

What are ethical implications? Some believe that at the moment of conception life begins Embryos aren’t created for sole purpose
of research, using surplus Before researching …… shouldn’t just be funding for embryonic After researching and reading facts…..
believe should continue embryonic, adult, and umbilical cord

2008 Growing nerve cells :

2008 Growing nerve cells

In the future… :
In the future… May learn how diseases and conditions develop Hope to develop cells into new tissue or organs for transplants, or
to study effects of new drugs Hope to find other means of utilizing stem cells “may lead to therapies used to treat many of
diseases afflicting 128 million Americans” (Jadin, 2009).

Bibliography :
Bibliography Wi Cell Research Institute ( n. d.) Stem Cells questions and answers. Retrieved 10/28/2009 from
http://www.wicell.org Sumanas, Inc.(2009). Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Retrieved 10/28/2009 from http://www.
Sumanasinc.com National Institute of Health(2009).What are similarities and differences between Embryonic and adult stem cell?
Retrieved 10/27/2009 from http://National Institutes of Health/stem cells. nih.gov/info/basics. National Institute of Health(2009). In
Stem Cell Information. Retrieved 11/18/2009 from http://stemcells.nih.gov./info/health Mayo Clinic staff.(2009). Stem cells: What
are they and what do they do? Retrieved 10/1,2009 from http://www.mayoclinic.com Underwood, Anne(2009). Newsweek (Atlantic
Edition) 8/3/2009 Vol.154 Issue 5, p48-50. Retrieved 11/2009 from Ebsco host Database.

:
Jadin, Jenna(2009). Stem cells: Growth and Development… Retrieved from Bioscience 00063658 Oct.2009, Vol.59, Issue 9.
Retrieved from Ebsco host. Database. Roy-Bornstein, C.(2009). Cord Blood Banking. Pediatrics for Parents, 25(5/6), 11.
Retrieved from Master FILE Premier database. Windslow, Therese(2006.)Regenerative Medicine 2006. Retrieved 10/1/2009)
from http://National Institute of Health. Growing Nerve Cells. Science Central 2008. Retrieved on Nov.6,2009 from
http://www.youtube.com Bibliography

2007 Skin cells alternative to embryonic :

2007 Skin cells alternative to embryonic