BS 1377 - 13992

Freephone 0800 374 279
http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm
DIGEST 101
Secondary and Recycled Aggregates

Uses in Road Construction
Under Existing Specifications
Foreword
The Aggregates Advisory Service (AAS) was part of a research project being undertaken by Symonds (formerly
Symonds Travers Morgan) for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions which commenced
in March 1996 and completed in December 1999. The aim of the project was to research the effectiveness of
such a Service in enhancing efficiency in the utilisation of aggregates from whatever source.
Road construction works account for approximately 1/3 of aggregates usage, the principal specification used for
these works being the Specification for Highway Works (SHW) prepared by the Highways Agency of the
Department of Transport and published by HMSO, 1998.
There is a perception that existing specifications preclude the use of secondary and recycled materials in road
construction, and that this situation is unlikely to change prior to the future publication of harmonised European
standards. This is not the case and this document describes the material specification issues associated with the
use of some granular secondary and recycled materials as aggregates in road construction works which are
currently permitted under the terms of the SHW.
The aim of the document is to assist producers of such potential road making materials understand the key
parameters which have to be satisfied by the materials. It is not a substitute for the SHW and potential suppliers
and users of such materials must satisfy themselves that the requirements of the SHW are met.
The data is presented in five sections comprising:

• Introduction
• Highways Agency guidance - on the use of Secondary Aggregates
• Material Digests - which set out the key parameters relating to road construction
• Specification Clause Availability - sets out details of those Local Highway Authorities who have
specification clauses relating specifically to the use of secondary and recycled materials
• Contact Names and Addresses - gives the contact names and addresses of the relevant departments of the
Local Highway Authorities
This document has been produced by Babtie Engineering Laboratories in association with Symonds.
Further information relating to possible successor organisations to the AAS can be obtained by calling Freephone
0800 374 279 or visiting website http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm.
December 1999
This digest is part of a series produced by the Aggregates Advisory Service to provide
information on aggregates efficiency issues.
The aim of this service, funded by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions, is to assist the Government to achieve its objective of reducing the construction
industry’s dependence on landwon primary aggregates and increasing the contribution from
secondary and recycled materials.
Further information on aggregates efficiency issues, whether relating to primary, secondary

or recycled materials, can be obtained from the Aggregates Advisory Service on Freephone
no. 0800 374 279 or visit the AAS website at http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm.
SECONDARY AND RECYCLED AGGREGATES USES IN ROAD

CONSTRUCTION UNDER EXISTING SPECIFICATIONS
(Digest 101)
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Highways Agency guidance
3. Material Digests
4. Specification Clause Availability
5. Contact Names and Addresses

1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Studies have identified that lack of knowledge of the availability of appropriate specifications can inhibit the use
of secondary aggregates and recycling processes. Approximately 1/3 of aggregates usage is for road construction.
The principal specification for Roads and Bridges in the UK is the Specification for Highway Works (SHW)
prepared by the Highways Agency of the Department of Transport and published by HMSO, 1998. A number of
Local Authorities amend this document to permit or inhibit the use of local processes or materials. Some Local
Authorities use the SHW as guidance but publish the relevant contract specifications in their own words; this
enables their documents to be self-contained. This option is frequently used for smaller highway schemes or
where the roads component of the project is only a small part of the whole.
Developers of housing or industrial estates may provide specifications in their own name but will normally have
to satisfy the requirements of the Local Authority in the area of the project.
Many other industries have requirements for aggregates in applications similar to those in the roads industry.
These include the water industry where materials for pipe bedding and surround and trench backfilling will be
ongoing needs. There will also be a requirement for granular aggregate materials in major projects such as water
supply and treatment plants.
Airfields, both military and civil, and Railtrack have requirements similar to the roads industry for runway and
taxiway applications or for track ballast and ancillary applications. General civil engineering and building works
also include similar applications, for example general granular fill and ‘hardcore’, which may be similar to the
roads industry ‘granular capping material’. The greater parts of these requirements are for structural or non-
structural concrete.
In general the greater the stresses to be placed on the material, of which the aggregate forms a part, the more
closely the Client will have specified his requirements. For low stress applications, such as fill or capping layers,
the aggregates are normally used without a binder. For higher stresses a binder, such as bitumen to form asphalt
or macadam, or Portland cement to form concrete, will be required. Occasionally other requirements e.g.
permeability may be important.
Where water is likely to be in contact with, and/ or flow through, the finished product, the Environment Agency
(EA) will be interested in the possibility of leachate contamination from the material. The extent of their interest
will be related to the amount and nature of any potential contamination of water resources, which in turn will be
related to the quantity of material and level of contamination, and to the location of the site relative to water
resources.
The EA will scrutinise very closely the chemical composition of materials to be used on sites close to fishing
rivers or water abstraction points or boreholes. Whilst some very general guidance can be given for materials
where there may be some risk, designers and specifiers will need to consult with the local offices of the EA when
a material with any soluble component within it is used. However it should not be assumed that simply because
there may be a risk of contamination, a material will be deemed unsuitable. It is very uncommon for
specifications to address these matters as they are not of primary interest to the purchasing authority.
This document describes the material specification issues associated with the use of some granular secondary and
recycled materials as aggregates in road construction works under the terms of the SHW.
For completeness and consistency the document includes a number of secondary and recycled materials whose
use as aggregates in road construction has already been well established such as certain blast furnace slags and
PFA.
The aim of the document is to assist producers of such potential road making materials understand the key
parameters which have to be satisfied by the materials. It does not seek to address all the secondary and recycled
materials that may be used in road construction, nor should it be used in place of the specification. Both potential
users and suppliers of materials must satisfy themselves that the materials used meet the requirements of the
specification.
Material suppliers need to ensure that they have all of the necessary specification documents as Bill of Quantities
alone will rarely be sufficient to define the requirements.
Highways Agency guidance
The Highways Agency has published guidance on the use of Secondary Aggregates in Volume 7 of the Design
Manual for Roads and Bridges. This is summarised in the table set out in Section 2 of this document.
It is intended that this will assist suppliers of Secondary and Recycled Aggregates to market their materials for
use on projects operated by or on behalf of the Highways Agency. The Highways Agency is responsible for the
construction and maintenance of the Motorway and Trunk Road network, Local Authorities look after the
remainder, the latter comprising about 95% of the total road mileage.
Materials Digests
The Materials Digests have been prepared to assist producers of materials to understand the key parameters to be
satisfied by the main roadmaking materials. They have been prepared using the SHW as a basis, extracting the
relevant information from the appropriate clauses. The information is supplied for the relevant materials clauses
so that when a request for a material is received e.g. SHW Material Class 6G, the requirements are available in a
simple fashion.
A survey of all Local Highway Authorities was carried out of to identify those who have experience of particular
materials. However not all Local Authorities replied to the questionnaire and the scope of this document is
therefore restricted to those who did. This does not mean that other Authorities do not permit the use of
secondary and recycled materials and, should the use of such materials be under consideration in areas not
covered by this document, the Authorities usage or knowledge of these materials will need to be established by
potential suppliers. For those who did reply, those Local Authorities who have a local variant to the SHW are
listed at the end of each Digest.
Specification Clause Availability
Information is presented in spreadsheet form about specification availability for a wide range of secondary
aggregates and recycling processes. This is given in two sections by:
• Road Pavement layer (e.g. those authorities who have Clauses pertaining to Capping Layer), and
• Material (e.g. those materials for which an Authority has a Specification Clause or uses the SHW).
Knowledge of the use of recycled materials and secondary aggregates by a Local Authority can be inferred where
they have indicated that they use the SHW unmodified or modified, or have their own clauses. Where the Local
Authority uses a separate Clause or amends the SHW this is also indicated. Amendment may be by the
publication of a separate clause usually with the letter A (Additional) or S (Substitute) after the number e.g. Cl
802A or by adding requirements in an Appendix to the main document, e.g. Appendix 7/1.
Contact Names and Addresses
Contact addresses are given for the relevant department of each Local Authority in order that potential suppliers
may contact the Local Authority to obtain more details of their requirements.
Third edition published February 1999 and revised to reflect the completion of the Trial AAS operations December 1999.
2. HIGHWAYS AGENCY GUIDANCE
Highways Agency guidance
The Highways Agency’s published guidance on the use of Secondary Aggregates is summarised below.
An alternative presentation prepared by the Highways Agency is given overleaf.
Full details can be found in Volume 7 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges.
Specification for Highway Works (SHW) Application of Secondary Aggregates HD 35 /95
Application Bulk Fill Capping Unbound Bitumen Cement Cement PQ Concrete

Sub-base Bound Bound Bound
Layers Layers Roadbase
SHW Series 600 600 800 900 1000 1000 1000
Crushed Concrete A B A C A A A
Bituminous Planings B B C A B C C
Demolition Waste B B C C B C C
Blastfurnace Slag A B A A A A A
Steel Slag C C A A B C C
Burnt Colliery Spoil A B A C B C C
Unburnt Colliery Spoil B C C C B C C
Spent Oil Shale B B A C B C C
PFA A A C C B A A
Furnace Bottom Ash B B C C B C C
China Clay Waste B B B B B B B
Slate Waste B B C C B B B
A Specific Provision
B General Provision i.e permitted subject to compliance with the requirements

of the clause but not named specifically
C Not Permitted
Haguide3.doc
Third Edition - February 1999
USE
Cement Embank Capping Unbound Cement- Pavement Bitumen-
MATERIAL bound ment and Sub-base bound Quality bound
sub-base Fill roadbase Concrete Layers
! ! ! ! ! ! !
Blast Furnace Slag
! ! ! ! ! ! !
China Clay Sand
! ! ! ! ! ! "
Crushed Concrete
! ! ! ! ! ! "
Slate Waste
! ! ! " ! ! "
Pulverised Fuel Ash
! ! ! ! " " "

Burnt Colliery Spoil
! ! ! " " " !

Reclaimed Bituminous
Material
! ! ! ! " " "

Spent Oil Shale
! ! ! " " " "

Demolition Wastes
! ! ! " " " "

Furnace Bottom Ash
! " " ! " " !

Steel Slag
! ! " " " " "

Unburnt Colliery Spoil
Current Highways Agency permitted UK application of secondary aggregates for highway works
! Permitted either specifically by name or if it complies with the requirements of the specification.
" Not permitted.
Haguide3.doc
3. MATERIALS DIGESTS
INDEX OF MATERIALS DIGESTS
SHW Ref. / Class Page ref.

(See footers)
Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase Cl 903 / 929 HDM 1/2

Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course Cl 909 DBM wc 1/2
Bitumen bound HRA Macadam Roadbase / Basecourse Cl 904 / 905 HRARB 1/2
Bitumen bound HRA Macadam Wearing Course Cl 910 / 911 HRAWC 1/2
Pre Coated Chippings Cl 915 PCC 1/2
Surface Dressings Cl 919 SDAggs 1/2
Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials Cl 1035 - 1039 CB1/2
Aggregate for Pavement Quality Construction Cl 1001.6 CAggs 1/2
Well Graded Granular Material 1A DIG_1A.DOC

Uniformly Graded Granular Material 1B DIG_1B.DOC
Coarse Granular Material 1C DIG_1C.DOC
Selected Well Graded Granular Material 6A DIG_6A.DOC
Selected Coarse Granular Material 6B DIG_6B.DOC
Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6C DIG_6C.DOC
Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6D DIG_6D.DOC
Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6E DIG_6E.DOC
Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading) 6F1 DIG_6F1.DOC
Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading) 6F2 DIG_6F2.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6F3 DIG_6F3.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6G DIG_6G.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6H DIG_6H.DOC
Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6I/6J DIG_6I6J.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6K DIG_6K.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6L DIG_6L.DOC
Selected Granular Material 6M DIG_6M.DOC
Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6N/6P DIG_6N6P.DOC
Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular 6Q DIG_6Q.DOC
Material
Granular Material Type 1 Sub-base DIG_TYP1.DOC

Granular Material Type 2 Sub-base DIG_TYP2.DOC
Granular Material Type X Sub-base DIG_TYPX.DOC
Mat_ind3.doc
Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase
SHW Class General Material Description

Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase. A well graded
Cl 903 / 929 mixture of aggregates & bitumen binders where the
aggregate skeleton forms the structure of the material.
Macadams have traditionally been specified to BS 4987 based upon
constituents. New clauses are becoming available, which permit the use of a
wider range of aggregate/sand/binder combinations provided that the specified
performance criteria are met.
Typical Use: Bituminous roadbase beneath wearing course
Wearing Course
Macadam Basecourse
Macadam Roadbase
Sub-base
Function:Flexible pavement with high resistance to permanent deformation and
excellent load spreading properties.
Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance in

Section 2.
Aggregates shall be hard and durable

Recycled materials have to meet the physical properties below.
Asphalt planings may be incorporated up to 10% without additional testing
or above this by testing binder properties
Aggregate Grading Requirements:
40mm 28mm 20mm

Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing
50mm 100
37.5mm 95 - 100 100
28mm 70- 94 90 - 100 100
20mm 71 - 95 95 - 100
14mm 56 - 76 58 - 82 65 - 85
10mm 52 - 72
6.3mm 44 - 60 44 - 60 39 - 55
3.35mm 32 - 46 32 - 46 32 - 46
300µm 7 - 21 7 - 21 7 - 21
75µm 2-9* 2-9* 2-9*
* Percentage by mass of aggregate passing the 75µm shall be 7% - 11%
for Heavy Duty Macadam mixtures.
Physical Properties for Aggregate Constituents

Property Test Method Acceptable Limits
Lower Upper
Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 :1985
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 85kN (Slag)
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 140kN (Natural)
Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 35% (Slag)
Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 30% (Natural)
Water Absorption (Slag) BS 812 Pt 2 :1995 if>4% soundness
test required.
Water Absorption (Nat) BS 812 Pt 2 :1995 if>2% soundness
test required.
Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 45% crushed rock/gravel
50% uncrushed gravel
Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase
Chemical Properties :
Soundness (Natural,Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%
Additional Considerations :
Particle Shape Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

eg rounded smooth aggregates need less binder;angular harsh
aggregate need more binder.
Binder Adhesion Acidic rocks may need adhesion agents to prevent stripping
in wet conditions.
Local Variants :
Specific variants available from:
Berkshire County Council , Essex County Council , Gwent Consultancy

Hampshire County Council , Kent County Council , Lincolnshire County
Council , Neath Port Talbot CBC , Sefton MBC , Sheffield County Council,
Wiltshire County Council.
Example variant from KCC
a) To permit higher percentage asphalt planings.

b) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.
c) Combinations of crushed rock coarse & natural sand
are not permitted. (recipe mix)
Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course

Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course.A well graded
Cl 909 mixture of aggregates & bitumen binders where the
aggregate skeleton forms the structure of the material.
Typical Use: Low stress sites.
Wearing Course Macadam

Macadam Basecourse
Macadam Roadbase
Type 1 Sub - base
Function: Flexible running surface.

Section 2.
14mm 10mm 6mm 3mm

Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing % passing
20mm 100
14mm 95 - 100 100
10mm 70 - 90 95 - 100 100
6.3mm 45 - 65 55 - 75 90 - 100 100
3.35mm 30 - 45 30 - 45 55 - 75 85 - 100
1.18mm 15 - 30 15 - 30 20 - 50
600µm 30 - 55
300µm 8 - 25
212µm 14 - 32
75µm 3-8 3-8 2 - 10 5 - 17
Prefered mixtures

Lower Upper
Agg Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 :1990
Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989
test required.
test required.
Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course
Particle Shape - Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

eg rounded smooth aggregates need less binder;angular harsh
aggregate need more binder.
Binder Adhesion - Acidic rocks may need adhesion agents to prevent stripping
in wet conditions.
Skid Resistance
Local Variants :
Example variant from KCC.
a) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.

b) Combinations of crushed rock coarse & natural sand
are not permitted. (recipe mix)
Bitumen bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse

Bitumen bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse. A gap graded material
Cl 904 / 905 comprising coarse aggregate, sand & filler bound by bitumen
binders. Structure of the material formed mainly by the cohesion
of the binder with the aggregate mortar .
Typical Use: Initial load bearing bitumen bound layer.
Wearing Course
Basecourse / upper roadbase
Lower roadbase
Sub -base
Capping Layer
Function: Roadbase is the main structural layer of pavement construction ,
and combined with basecourse must have the ability to spread the wheel load ;
underlying layers are therefore not overstressed. Durability

Section 2.
60/40 60/28 60/20

Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing
50mm 100 Preferred

37.5mm 90 - 100 100
28mm 70 - 100 90 - 100 100
20mm 45 - 75 50 - 80 90 - 100
14mm 30 - 65 30 - 65 30 - 65
2.36mm 30 - 44 30 - 44 30 - 44
600µm 10 -44 10 - 44 10 - 44
212µm 3 - 25 3 - 25 3 - 25
75µm 2-8 2-8 2-8

Lower Upper
test required.
test required.
Bitumen Bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse
Binder Adhesion - Coarse aggregate to be used is gravel, 2% by mass of

total aggregate of Portland Cement or hydrated lime shall
be added, the fine aggregate adjusted accordingly.
Binders - The use of polymer modified binders for increased stability and resistance
may permit more rounded coarse and fine aggregate to be used to achieve
the same performance
Local Variants :
Berkshire County Council , Essex County Council , Gwent Consultancy

Hampshire County Council , Kent County Council , Lincolnshire County
Council , Neath Port Talbot CBC , Sefton MBC , Sheffield County Council,
Example variant from KCC
a) To permit higher percentage asphalt planings.

b) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.
c) Gravel aggregates not permitted.
Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course

Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course. A gap graded material
Cl 910 / 911 comprising coarse aggregate,sand & filler bound by bitumen
binders.Structure of the material formed mainly by the cohesion
of the binder and adhesion with the aggregate mortar .
Typical Use: Running surface.
Wearing Course
Basecourse / upper roadbase
Lower roadbase
Sub -base
Capping Layer
Function: Wearing course is a durable, impervious, load spreading layer, which seals
the construction against the ingress of water.The addition of pre coated chippings
enhancing the basic frictional properties of the surface.

Section 2.

3/2 3/3
30/14 35/14 Preferred mixes 55/10 and 55/14 possible
Sieve Size % passing % passing
20mm 100 100 BS 594 Pt 1 :1992 Table 3 Design Type F Wearing

14mm 85 - 100 87 - 100 course
10mm 60 - 90 55 - 88 Binder content by Marshall Design
6.3mm BS 598 Pt 107 :1990
2.36mm 60 - 72 55 - 67
600µm 45 - 72 40 - 67
212µm 15 - 50 12 - 45
75µm 8.0 - 12.0 7.0 - 11.0
Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of BS 594 Part 1 .1992 Clause 2.3

Lower Upper
test required.
test required.
Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989 > than 45 for coarse agg
Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course
Binders - The use of polymer modified binders for increased stability

and resistance to deformation may permit the use of more
rounded sands and aggregates
Thickness - Increased stone content is necessary for use in thicker layers .
Cleanliness - Asphalt sands require a certain dust content to ensure adequate

stability of the asphalt
Surface Characteristics
The surface characteristics of the aggregates affect the binder

demand and the stability of the mixture ( wheel tracking rate if
specified). Smooth aggregates e.g. flint gravels may need an
adhesion agent/ polymer modified binders
Local Variants :
a) A higher percentage asphalt planings is permitted than SHW.

b) Gravel aggregates not permitted.
c) Minimum 10% fines 180 kN
Pre Coated Chippings
Cl 915 Pre Coated Chippings for application to Hot Rolled Asphalt

Bitumen coated fragments of single size material of a nominal size
Typical Use: To increase the macro & micro texture ot the running surface.
HRA Wearing Course

Basecourse/upper roadbase
Lower roadbase
Sub -base
Capping Layer
Function:To enhance the basic frictional properties of the HRA wearing course.
Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural Materials, Blast Furnace Slag and Steel Slag
20mm nominal 14mm nominal (rarely used)

Sieve Size % passing % passing
28mm 100
20mm 90 - 100 100
14mm 0 - 25 90 - 100
10mm 0-4 0 - 25
6.3mm 0-4
75µm 0-2 0-2

Upper
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 NIL
Agg Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 :1990 10 to 14 depending

upon use
Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 BS 594 Part1.1992 25
Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989 55 to 75 depending

upon use
Specified Size BS 63 Pt 1 :1987 BS 594 Part1.1992 75% minimum if texture
of 1.5 mm specified
Binder Quality BS 598 Pt 108 :1990 BS 594 Part1.1992 Sand ret 40g/kg for 20mm
50 g/kg for 14mm.Not
more than 7.5% fail sand
cover assessment.
Pre Coated Chippings
NIL
Local Variants :
(20mm nominal size chippings only)

Elongation BS 812 Pt 105.2 : 1990 Upper Limit 24% .
Flakiness 20
Minimum Specified size 80 if 1.5mm texture depth required, 75% for all other sites
10% fines acceptable range 220 - 320kN
Shape and size index 40
There is a requirement under some performance related contracts for the completed
layer to satisfy a friction reqirement after a period of time This may limit the choice of
aggregates, particularly those of higher PSV
Surface Dressing

Cl 919 Surface Dressing is a layer of single size chippings
superimposed on a film of freshly laid binder
Typical Use:
Prolonging the life of worn surfacing and giving improved skid resistance,
Surface Dressing
Binder
Existing Road Surface
Function:To provide a non skid wearing course.To seal the road surface
against ingress of water. To arrest disintegration.
Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural or Recycled Materials,

Blastfurnace Slag, Steel Slag
Aggregate Grading Requirements: BS 63 Table 2
20mm 14mm 10mm 6mm

Sieve Size %passing %passing %passing %passing
28mm 100
20mm 85 - 100 100
14mm 0 - 35 85 - 100 100
10mm 0-7 0 - 35 85 - 100 100
6.3mm 0-7 0 - 35 85 - 100
5mm 0 - 10
3.35mm 0 - 35
2.36mm 0-2 0-2 0-2 0 - 10
600µm 0-2
75µm 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1
NB. Table 3 Grading limits for lightly trafficked roads permit 2% passing 75µm.

Lower Upper
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 85kN

(Slag)
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 160kN
(Natural)
Flakiness BS 812 Pt 105.1 : 1989 25 for Main Roads
35 for Lightly
Trafficked Roads
40 for 6mm Chippings
(BS 63 Tables 2& 3)
Aggregatev Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 : 1990 Limit 10
Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 : 1989 Limits DOT advice note HD 28/92
requirement for Agg properties for New
Bituminous Surfacings.
Surface Dressing
Soundness (Natural , Slag ) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower Limit 75%
Aggregate sizes are determined in accordance with Road Note 39 to suit

hardness and surface condition of the existing surfacing
The binder must adhere to the aggregate. CEN Draft Specification for
the Vialit adhesion test may be required
The properties of the aggregate are fundamental to the performance of
the dressing. Suppliers frequently test as delivered supplies for
compliance before use
Local Variants :
Where performance Surface Dressing is specified the Contractor may

choose a wider range of aggregate types as long as the overall
performance requirements are met
Lincolnshire County Council

Neath Port Talbot CBC
Sheffield City Council
Trafford MBC
Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials

Cl 1035 - 1039 Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials
Graded aggregates bound by a cementitious paste.
Typical Use: Road pavement; for roadbases and sub bases as required
in Appendix 7/1.
Pavement ( Concrete, Bituminous, Small Element Pavers etc)

Roadbase/Cement Bound Material
Sub base/CBM 1 or 2
Capping
Function: Acts as a structural foundation for rigid and composite pavements.
Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Depending upon the Grade of CBM - Natural gravel-sand
washed or processed granular material, crushed rock, all in aggregate, blast furnace slag.
Recycled includes Crushed concrete, PFA, China Clay Sand, Slate.
Aggregates for CBM 3 and 4 shall be hard and durable

CBM 1* CBM 2 CBM 3 CBM 4 + 5

50mm 100 100 100
37.5mm 95 95 - 100 95 - 100 100
20mm 45 45 - 100 45 - 80 95 - 100
10mm 35 35 - 100
5mm 25 25 - 100 25 - 50 35 - 55
2.36mm 15 - 90
600µm 8 8 - 65 8 - 30 10 - 35
300µm 5 5 - 40
150µm 0-8# 0-8#
75µm 0 0 - 10 0-5 0-5
* CBM 1 shall be made from material which has a grading finer than the limits above
# '0 - 10 for crushed rock fines

CBM Lower Upper
Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985 Natural Aggregate ref above
Cl 1001.6 - BS 1047 Table 3 Slag
Drying Shrinkage Not applicable
Ten Percent Fines CBM 2 BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50kN (Soaked)
CBM 3 - 5 BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50kN (Dry)
Moisture Content CBM 1 - 5 BS 812 To suit requirements for strength,
surface level & finish.
Flakiness Index CBM 3 - 5 BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 50 (UNCRUSHED)
40 (CRUSHED)
Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials
Soundness (Natural, Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%

Acid Soluble Sulphate Content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 118 : 1988
Total Sulphate in mix.
Chemical contamination may be present and may be acceptable as it will be encapsulated
in the mix, reference to the Environment Agency is recommended
Shell Content ( Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 106 :1985 Limits BS 882 Table 1
Alkali Aggregate reaction can be affected by the totality of the aggregates used in the mix,
not just an individual component. Aggregates possibly subject to these controls are given
SHW 1704 Table 17/3. This is unlikely to be a problem with low cement
contents.
The surface characteristics of the aggregate, ie its roughness and angularity, can affect
the amount of cement used and water demand for workability. While not a requirement of
the SHW it is considered that this can only be assessed by trial mixes.
While not a requirement of the SHW it is considered good practice for CBM to be subject
to a site trial (of say at least 400 sq. m at least 10 days) before approval for the mix is
given.
Local Variants :
SHW permits almost any material for CBM 1 and 2 provided that it can be stabilised with
cement to give the strength requirements specified and be laid and compacted
satisfactorily.
Cumbria County Council, Gwent Consultancy, Hampshire County Council, Kent County
Council, Lancashire County Council, Nottinghamshire County Council, Scottish Office, &
Aggregate for Pavement Quality Concrete
Cl 1001.6 A Granular material obtained by processing natural materials.
Typical Use: Pavement quality concrete,Structural concrete, Special Structural

concrete,Lightweight concrete, Heavy duty flooring.
Function:Aggregates provide the skeleton of concrete structures, supporting

loads and transmitting them to the foundations. They are bound with portland cement
and / or other pozzolanic materials
Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural or Recycled

Crushed concrete , Blast furnace Slag,
PFA.
Aggregate Grading Requirements: Table 5. All-in aggregate
40mm 20mm 10mm 5mm

50mm 100
37.5mm 95 - 100 100
20mm 45 - 80 95 - 100
14mm 100
10mm 95 - 100 100
5mm 25 - 50 35 - 55 30 - 65 70 - 100
2.36mm 20 - 50 25 - 100
1.18mm 15 - 40 15 - 45
600µm 8 - 30 10 - 35 10 - 30 5 - 25
300µm 5 - 15 3 - 20
150µm 0-8# 0-8# 0-8# 0 - 15
# Increased to 10% for crushed rock sand

Lower Upper
Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985
BS 822 :1992 Tables 3,4,5 Natural Aggs
Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985
BS 1047 :1983 Table 3 Slag
Dry Shrinkage BS 812 Pt 120 : 1989 0.075%
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 100kN For conc grades 40
and higher.
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50 kN For other grades
Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 150kN Heavy Duty Flooring
Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 : 1989 Upper limit 35% except when natural aggs are
used for grades lower than 40 upper limit is
then 50%.
Aggregates for Pavement Quality Concrete

Shell Content ( Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 106 :1985
BS 882 1992 LIMITS
Single size or all in aggs finer than 10mm,coarser than 5mm upper limit 20%.
Single size or all in aggs that are coarser than 10mm upper limit 8%.
Aggregates finer than 5mm no requirement.
Acid Soluble Sulphate Content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 118 : 1988
Total Sulphate in mix.
Chloride content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 117 : 1988 Total Chloride in mix
Alkali Aggregate reaction can be affected by the totality of the aggregates

used in the mix, not just an individual component. Aggregates possibly
subject to these controls are given SHW 1704 Table 17/3. This is unlikely
to be a problem with low cement contents.
The surface characteristics of the aggregate, ie its roughness and angularity,
can affect the amount of cement used and water demand for workability.
This can only be assessed by trial mixes.
Local Variants :
Essex County Council, Neath Port Talbot CBC and Sefton MBC.
Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material

1A Well Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: GENERAL FILL
PERMITTED CONSTITUENTS
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than Class 3 .

.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials.
GRADING REQUIREMENTS
Test Method: BS1377: Part 2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Property Test Method ACCEPTABLE LIMITS
Lower Upper
10 -
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 2
moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 application specific application specific
MCV SHW Clause 632 application specific application specific
SMC of chalk SHW Clause 634 - 20%

Note: Grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_1a
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
1. Materials with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be deposited within
500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.
500mm of metallic items.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the Environment
Agency for further details.
LOCAL VARIANTS
Cumbria County Council

Kent County Council
Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council (Merseyside Districts)
Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
The Department of Transport, Specification for Highway Works (1998)
Dig_1a

1B Uniformly Graded Granular Material
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than chalk and Class 3 .
.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 2
- 10
Dig_1b
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_1b
Coarse Granular Material

1C Coarse Granular Material
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than Class 3.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials except PFA and FBA.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 2 5 -
10% fines value SHW Clause 635 50 kN -
Note: Grading and uniformity coefficient shall not apply to chalk
Dig_1c
Coarse Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None Specified
LIMITATIONS TO USE
INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MATERIALS
1. Unburnt colliery spoil is permitted for use as general fill provided compaction reduces the air content sufficiently
to prevent combustion.
2. Burnt colliery spoil is generally frost susceptible and may have a high sulphate content.
1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. . Refer to the Environment
LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_1c
Selected Well Graded Granular Material

6A Selected Well Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: BELOW WATER (DRAINAGE BLANKET)
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel, chalk and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete and well burnt colliery spoil.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 10 -
plasticity index BS 1377:Part2 Non-plastic

Note: uniformity and grading shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_6a.doc
Selected Well Graded Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None Specified
LIMITATIONS TO USE
2. No compaction required.
LOCAL VARIANTS
Kent County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6a.doc
Selected Coarse Granular Material

6B Selected Coarse Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel, crushed rock and chalk.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, blast furnace slag and well burnt colliery spoil.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non plastic
Note: Plasticity index and 10% fines value shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_6b.doc
Selected Coarse Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6b.doc
Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material

6C Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 - 10
plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non-plastic

Note: Plasticity index shall not apply to chalk
Dig_6c.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6c.doc

6D Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER BELOW PFA
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 812:Part 103 - 10
plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non-plastic
Dig_6d.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6d.doc

6E Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: FOR STABILISATION WITH CEMENT TO FORM CAPPING
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials, other than argillaceous rock.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials, other than unburnt colliery spoil.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
liquid limit BS 1377:Part2 - 45
plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 - 20
organic matter BS 1377:Part 3 - 2%
total sulfate content BS 1377:Part 3 - 1%

Note: Grading, liquid limit and plasticity index shall not apply to chalk.

Dig_6e.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6e.doc
Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)

6F1 Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)
TYPICAL USE: CAPPING
FUNCTION: Acts as structural foundation to road pavement where subgrade CBR ≤15%. Can be used as
working platform and prevents deterioration of subgrade.
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than argillaceous rock and chalk.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials other than unburnt colliery spoil,
PFA and FBA.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
optimum moisture content BS 1377:Part 4 (vib. - -
hammer)
moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc-2% optimum mc
Note: It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.
Dig_6f1.doc
Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council
Lancashire County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6f1.doc
Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)

6F2 Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)
FUNCTION: Acts as structural foundation to road pavement where subgrade CBR ≤ 15%. Can be used as
NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than argillaceous rock.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials other than unburnt colliery spoil,
PFA and FBA.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
optimum moisture content BS 1377:Part 4 (vib. - -
hammer)
moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc-2% optimum mc
10% fines value SHW Clause 635 application specific -
Note: 1. Grading shall not apply to chalk

2. It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.
Dig_6f2.doc
Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council
Lancashire County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6f2.doc
Selected Granular Material

6F3 Selected Granular Material
FUNCTION: Acts as structural foundation to road pavement where subgrade CBR ≤ 15%. Can be used as
NATURAL MATERIALS: None.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Recycled bituminous planings and granulated asphalt, excluding materials
containing tar or tar bitumen binders.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
optimum moisture content SHW Clause 613 - -
moisture content SHW Clause 613 optimum mc-2% optimum mc
bitumen content BS598: Part 102 - 10%
Note: It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.
Dig_6f3.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6f3.doc

6G Selected Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: GABION FILLING
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete.
GRADING REQUIREMENTS (SHW Clause 626)
1. The maximum size of the fill material shall not exceed two thirds of the minimum dimension of
gabion compartment or 200mm whichever is the smaller
2. The minimum size of fill shall be not less than the size of the mesh opening.
3. Grading shall be defined and tested in accordance with BS812: Part 103.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
Dig_6g.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
1. Materials with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be deposited
within 500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.
within 500mm of metallic items.
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6g.doc

6H Selected Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: DRAINAGE LAYER TO REINFORCED EARTH AND ANCHORED EARTH

STRUCTURES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
Note: Plasticity index and MCV shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_6h.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (for metallic reinforcing or anchor elements only)
Maximum Maximum Max. Water Minimum Microbial

Reinforcing Chloride Organic Soluble Minimum Redox Activity
Element pH Ion Content Content Sulfate Resistivity Potential Index
Material Content
Min. Max. % % g.l ohm.cm volts
Galvanised Steel 6 9 0.025 0.2 0.25 5000 0.43 <5
Stainless Steel 5 10 0.025 0.2 0.5 3000 0.35 <5
Note: Methods of test are given in BS1377:Part 3 and TRRL Contractor Report 54.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the
Environment Agency for further details.
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6h.doc
Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material

6I/6J Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: FILL TO REINFORCED EARTH AND ANCHORED EARTH
Note: Chalk shall not be combined with any other constituent.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
6I 10 6I -
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2
6J 5 6J 10

effective angle of friction (φ‘)
and effective cohesion (c’) SHW Clause 636 application specific -
coefficient of friction and
adhesion (fill/elements) SHW Clause 639 application specific -
Note: Grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_6i6j.doc
Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (for metallic reinforcing or anchor elements only)
Max. Max Max Water Min. Microbial

Reinforcing Chloride Organic Soluble Min. Redox Activity
Element pH Ion Content Content Sulfate Resistivity Potential Index
Material Content
Min. Max. % % g.l ohm.cm volts
Galvanised Steel 6 9 0.025 0.2 0.25 5000 0.43 <5
Stainless Steel 5 10 0.025 0.2 0.5 3000 0.35 <5
Note: Methods of test are given in BS1377:Part 3 and TRRL Contractor Report 54.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Specification for Highway Works (1998)
Dig_6i6j.doc

6K Selected Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: LOWER BEDDING FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
plasticity index BS 1377:Part2 - 6
optimum moisture content BS1377:Part4 (vib. - -

hammer)
moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%
Dig_6k.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
resistivity SHW Clause 637 2000 ohm cm -
water soluble sulfate
BS 1377:Part 3 - 0.25 grams/l
content
chloride ion content BS 812:Part 117 - 0.025%
pH value BS 1377:Part 3 6 9
sulfide and hydrogen sulfide standard textbook analysis - rapid blackening of

lead acetate paper
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6k.doc

6L Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: UPPER BEDDING FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
None specified
Dig_6l.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
content

lead acetate paper
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6l.doc

6M Selected Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: SURROUND TO CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
optimum moisture content BS1377:Part4 (vib. - -

hammer)
moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%
Dig_6m.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
water soluble sulphate
content

lead acetate paper
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6m.doc

6N/6P Selected Granular Material (Class 6N - Well Graded)
TYPICAL USE: FILL TO STRUCTURES
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock, and for
Class 6P, chalk.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 6N 10 6N -
6P 5 6P -
SMC of chalk SHW Clause 634 6P - 6P 20%
10% fines value SHW Clause 635 6N 100 kN 6N -
6P 30 kN 6P -
undrained shear parameters
SHW Clause 633 application specific -
(c and φ)
effective angle of friction (φ‘) and
effective cohesion (c’) SHW Clause 636 application specific -
permeability SHW Clause 640 application specific -
moisture content BS 1377:Part2 application specific application specific
slope stability test SHW Clause 610 application specific application specific
Note: For Class 6P grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.
Dig_6n6p.doc
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
2. Compaction requires end product density.
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6n6p.doc
Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material

6Q Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: OVERLYING FILL FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES
NATURAL MATERIALS: As Class 1A, 1B or 1C materials other than argillaceous rock.
SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials other than slag or PFA in any
proportions
AS FOR CLASS 1A, 1B OR 1C
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
As for Class 1A, 1B or 1C
Dig_6q.doc
Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
content

lead acetate paper
LIMITATIONS TO USE
LOCAL VARIANTS
None
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_6q.doc
Granular Material

Type 1 Sub-base Granular Material
TYPICAL USE: SUB-BASE
FUNCTION: Acts as a structural pavement layer to assist spreading of wheel loads. Can be used as a
working platform and a replacement for capping.
NATURAL MATERIALS: Crushed rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, crushed slag or well burnt non-plastic shale.
Note: Material may contain up to 12.5% by mass of natural sand which passes the 5mm BS sieve.
Test Method: BS812: Part 103 The material shall not be gap graded
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Lower Upper
10% fines value (soaked) BS 812: Part 111 50 kN -
soundness value BS 812: Part 121 65 -
frost heave BS 812: Part Non-frost susceptible
Notes: 1. Water absorption of coarse aggregate determined in accordance with B 812:Part 2 is also required.
2. It is implicit in the SHW that the sub-base will provide a CBR of 30% as a platform for the
construction of the road pavement.
Dig_typ1.doc
Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
1. Materials other than slag, with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be
deposited within 500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.
1. Blastfurnace slag shall comply with BS1047: 1983.
2. Steel slag may be used provided it has been weathered and complies with the requirements of BS4987: Part
1.
LOCAL VARIANTS
Kent County Council

Nottinghamshire County Council
Suffolk County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_typ1.doc
Granular Material

Type 2 Sub-base Granular Material
working platform.
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand and crushed rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, crushed slag or well burnt non-plastic shale.
Note: Test Method: BS812: Part 103 The material shall not be gap graded
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
CBR BS 1377:Part4 application specific -
optiumum moisture content BS 5835 - -
moisture content BS 1377:Part2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%
10% fines value BS 812:Part 111 50 kN -
soundness values BS 812:Part121 65 -
Notes: 1. Water absorption of coarse aggregate determined in accordance with B 812:Part 2 is also required.
2. It is implicit in the SHW that the sub-base will provide a CBR of 30% as a platform for the
construction of the road pavement.
Dig_typ2.doc
Granular Material
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. None specified.
LIMITATIONS TO USE
1. Blastfurnace slag shall comply with BS1047: 1983.

2. Steel slag may be used provided it has been weathered and complies with the requirements of BS4987: Part
1.
LOCAL VARIANTS
Kent County Council

Nottinghamshire County Council
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dig_typ2.doc
Granular Material

Type X Sub-base Granular Material
working platform.
NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand and crushed rock

SECONDARY MATERIALS: Asphalt millings, crushed slag, crushed concrete, well burnt or unburnt non-
plastic shale, processed demolition waste, other processed granular material.
Maximum size: 75mm or half the nominal depth of the layer after compaction if less.
Minimum size: Not more than 12% passing 63 micron.
Not more than a total of 2% by mass of timber, plastic, steel or other degradable material. The maximum
dimension of any such material shall not exceed 25mm.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Lower Upper
uniformity coefficient BS 1377: Part 2 10
plasticity index BS 1377: Part 2 6
10% fines (soaked) BS 812: Part III 40kN
moisture content BS 1377: Part 2 optimum mc -2% optimum mc +1%
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The material shall contain no gypsum plaster, putrescent or soluble material.
LIMITATIONS ON USE
The material has been found satisfactory for use as sub-base in public rights of way, footways, cycleways and
roads not subject to more than 10 heavy commercial vehicles per day.
It may be used without restriction as a capping layer.
Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the Environment
Agency in case of doubt.
LOCAL VARIANTS
This specification has been drawn up for Kent County Council, in discussion with the local demolition
contractors and is designated Type 3 Sub-base. Other Local Authorities may have similar clauses with
different designations to permit recycled materials to be used for particular sub-base applications. This should
be verified using the Contact list for materials issues.
Dig_typx.doc
4. SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY
Specification Clause Availability
This section tabulates the specification clause availability as identified from a survey of Local
Authorities undertaken by Babtie Engineering Laboratories.
The first sub-section summarises the numbers of Authorities using identified secondary and recycled
materials in specified road construction layers.
The second sub-section identifies those Authorities permitting the use of secondary and recycled
materials in road construction and presents how these are specified by road construction layer.
The third sub-section identifies those Authorities permitting the use of secondary and recycled materials
in road construction and presents how these are specified by material type.
The abbreviations adopted in the following tables are set out below.
Abbreviation Denotes
SHW use of unamended clause from the Specification for Highway Works (SHW)
Add use of an additional clause to SHW
App use of extra requirements contained in Appendices 6-11 of SHW
Amd amendment to standard SHW clause using Appendix 0/1
Oth use of clause not in SHW format developed by the Authority
M74 used in M74 trial for Scottish Office
Stb use of material only in stabilised capping layer
Nip no objection in principle to use
SFW SHW / denotes use of material in Footways
AFW Add / denotes use of material in Footways
Trw use as temporary surface for rights of way
Fin use of material only as fine fraction in the mix
Col use of specification / process developed by Colas
Fil use as filler
7/5 Appendix 7/5 to SHW prepared by Authority
Adv use as an additive in this application
Uns material used but no specification available
Hwc hot rolled asphalt wearing course
Gc use of clause produced by Contractor
Indxabb3.doc
INDEX OF SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY
AUTHORITIES Number of Authorities permitting the use of secondary

and recycled aggregates in road construction
LAYER Bulk Fill

Capping Layer
Sub-base
Cement Bound Road Base
Bituminous Bound Road Base
Concrete Aggregates
Surface Dressing Aggregates
MATERIAL Crushed Concrete

Bituminous Planings
Demolition Waste
Blast Furnace Slag
Steel Slag
Spent Oil Shale
Pulverised Fuel Ash
Furnace Bottom Ash
China Clay Sand
Slate Waste
Incinerator Ash
Recycling
Hot Mix off-site
Hot Mix on-site
Cold Mix off-site
Cold Mix on-site Shallow
Cold Mix on-site Deep Lime
Cold Mix on-site Deep Cement
Cold Mix on-site Deep Bitumen
Specind3.doc
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY No. of Authorities
Number of Authorities permitting the use of secondary and recycled materials in road construction

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Material
Crushed Concrete 15 17 18 4 3 1 0
Bituminous Planings 10 12 11 2 5 1 0
Demolition Waste 10 10 7 2 1 1 0
Blast Furnace Slag 7 6 10 6 8 13 11
Steel Slag 3 3 5 2 7 1 4
Burnt Colliery Spoil 10 5 3 1 1 0 0
Unburnt Colliery Spoil 8 3 0 2 0 0 0
Spent Oil Shale 1 1 2 1 1 1 0
Pulverised Fuel Ash 15 4 2 5 2 13 0
Furnace Bottom Ash 6 1 2 1 1 1 0
China Clay Sand 0 0 1 1 2 1 0
Slate Waste 3 2 2 2 2 1 0
Incinerator Ash 3 0 1 1 1 1 0
Recycling 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Hot Mix Off Site 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Hot Mix On Site 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
Cold Mix Off Site 0 0 1 2 1 0 0
Cold Mix On Site Shallow 1 2 2 3 8 0 0
Cold Mix On Site Deep Lime 2 5 3 4 5 0 0
Cold Mix On Site Deep Cement 2 5 3 4 5 0 0
Cold Mix On Site Deep Bituminous 0 1 1 0 7 0 0
No. of Authorities
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Bulk Fill
Material
Blast Furnace Slag Road Base
Unburnt Colliery Spoil Aggs
Cold Mix On Site Shallow

Steel Slag Road Base
Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Deep Bituminous
Hot Mix Off Site
China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Deep Cement
Slate Waste
Deep Lime
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire SHW SHW
Calderdale SHW
Cumbria App App
Essex SHW SHW
Glamorgan SHW SHW SHW SHW
Gwent SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester SHW SHW SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW Amd Amd App Amd SHW SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire SHW
Manchester SHW SHW
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Newcastle upon Tyne SHW SHW SHW SHW
Northumberland SHW SHW SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Perth and Kinross SHW SHW SHW

SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/
Sefton MBC App App App App App App App App App App App App
Scottish Office SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW
Wiltshire SHW SHW SHW
South Yorkshire SHW SHW SHW App App SHW SHW
See the inside front page of Section 4 for the meanings of the abbreviations used in this table.
Bulk Fill
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Capping Layer
Cold Mix On Site Deep Bituminous

Cold Mix On Site Deep Cement
Material
Cold Mix on Site Deep Lime


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Calderdale
Cumbria App App
Essex
Glamorgan SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW SHW SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent App App Amd Amd Amd SHW SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire App App SHW SHW SHW Nip SHW SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire Add Add
Manchester SHW SHW
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW
Newcastle upon Tyne SHW SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW SHW
Perth and Kinross

SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/ SHW/
Sefton MBC App Oth App App App App App
Scottish Office SHW M74 SHW SHW SHW SHW Stb SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire SHW SHW
South Yorkshire SHW SHW SHW App App
Capping Layer
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Sub - Base

Material


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire SHW
Calderdale SHW
Cumbria SHW Amd
Essex SHW
Glamorgan SHW
Gwent SHW Oth
Hampshire SHW SHW Amd
Hereford &Worcester SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent Amd Add Add Add Add SHW SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW AFW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire Add Add Add Add Add
Manchester SHW SHW
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW Oth SHW
Perth and Kinross

SHW/ SHW/
Sefton MBC App Oth App
Scottish Office SHW M74 SHW SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk Oth Oth Oth
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex SHW SFW
Wiltshire SHW SHW
South Yorkshire SHW SHW App App
Sub - Base
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Cement Bound Road Base

Material


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale SHW
Cumbria Amd
Essex Trw
Glamorgan SHW
Gwent SHW Oth Oth
Hampshire Add
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW SHW SHW Amd SHW SHW Add
Kirklees
Lancashire Nip Nip SHW Nip
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire Oth
Perth and Kinross SHW
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office SHW SHW Fin SHW Col
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex SHW SHW SHW
Wiltshire Add
South Yorkshire

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Bituminous Bound Road Base

Material


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire SHW SHW Add 7/5 7/5
Calderdale SHW SHW
Cumbria
Essex Trw Add Add Add Add
Glamorgan SHW
Gwent SHW Oth Oth
Hampshire Add
Hereford &Worcester Col
Isle of Wight
Kent Add Add Add Add Add App? Add Add Add
Kirklees
Lancashire Nip SHW SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire Add Add Add
Manchester
SHW/
Neath Port Talbot Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW SHW SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC Oth Oth Oth
Scottish Office SHW SHW Fil Col
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex SHW SHW SHW SHW
Wiltshire Add Add
South Yorkshire App SHW SHW SHW SHW

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Concrete Aggregates

Material


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex Trw Adv Adv
Glamorgan
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW SHW
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW Nip
Lincolnshire SHW SHW
Manchester
SHW/ SHW/
Neath Port Talbot Oth Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW

SHW/
Sefton MBC App
Scottish Office SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW SHW
Concrete Aggregates
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY LAYER - Surface Dressing Aggregates

Material


Bituminous Planings
Furnace Bottom Ash

Pulverised Fuel Ash
Cold Mix Off Site

Demolition Waste
Crushed Concrete
Hot Mix Off Site

China Clay Sand
Hot Mix On Site

Spent Oil Shale
Incinerator Ash
Slate Waste
Recycling
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan SHW
Gwent SHW
Hampshire Oth
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC Oth
West Sussex SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire App App

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Crushed Concrete

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW SHW SHW
Calderdale SHW SHW
Cumbria
Essex SHW
Glamorgan
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW App Amd SHW Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW App SHW Nip
Manchester SHW SHW SHW
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW SHW
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/App SHW/App
Scottish Office SHW SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire SHW SHW SHW
South Yorkshire SHW SHW SHW
Crushed Concrete
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Bituminous Planings

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW SHW
Calderdale SHW SHW
Cumbria
Essex Trw Trw Trw
Glamorgan
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW SHW
Hereford &Worcester SHW SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent App Add Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW AFW Nip
Manchester FW
Neath Port Talbot SHW
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire Uns Uns Uns
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/Oth Oth Oth
Scottish Office SHW M74 M74 SHW
Suffolk Oth
Torbay
West Sussex SFW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW SHW
Bituminous Planings
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Demolition Waste

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW Amd
Hereford &Worcester SHW SHW
Isle of Wight
Kent Add SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW App
Lincolnshire
Manchester SHW SHW SHW
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW Oth
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/App Oth
Scottish Office SHW SHW?
Suffolk Oth
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire SHW
South Yorkshire SHW SHW SHW
Demolition Waste
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Blast Furnace Slag

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria App App SHW
Essex Adv
Glamorgan SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW Oth
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent Amd Amd Add SHW Add SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW SHW Nip SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire Add Add SHW Add
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot SHW/Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW SHW SHW SHW
Perth and Kinross SHW SHW
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW SHW Oth
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire App App App SHW App
Blast Furnace Slag

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Steel Slag

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale SHW
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent Amd Amd Add SHW Add SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire Add Add Add
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW SHW SHW/Oth Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW/Hwc
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire App App App App App
Steel Slag
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Burnt Colliery Spoil

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan SHW SHW
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent App
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Newcastle upon Tyne SHW
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/App SHW/App
Scottish Office SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW SHW SHW
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Unburnt Colliery Spoil

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan SHW SHW
Gwent SHW SHW
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent Amd Amd Amd
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App
Scottish Office SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC SHW
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Spent Oil Shale

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office SHW SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Spent Oil Shale

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Pulverised Fuel Ash

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex SHW Adv
Glamorgan SHW
Gwent SHW SHW SHW
Hampshire SHW
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW SHW SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire SHW SHW
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot SHW SHW/Oth
Newcastle upon Tyne SHW
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW Oth SHW
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/App
Scottish Office SHW Stb Fin Fil SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW
Pulverised Fuel Ash

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Furnace Bottom Ash

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex SHW
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW Nip Nip
Lincolnshire Add
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland SHW
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App
Scottish Office SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Furnace Bottom Ash

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - China Clay Sand

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire Add
South Yorkshire
China Clay Sand

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Slate Waste

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria App App
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire SHW SHW SHW Add Add
South Yorkshire
Slate Waste
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Incinerator Ash

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW Nip
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Incinerator Ash
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Recycling

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire Add Add
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Recycling
SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Hot Mix Off Site

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW
Lincolnshire Add
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Hot Mix Off Site

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Hot Mix On Site

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent App?
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire SHW
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC Oth
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Hot Mix On Site

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Cold Mix off Site

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW Add
Kirklees
Lancashire
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office SHW SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire
Cold Mix off Site

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Cold Mix On Site Shallow

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire Add
Calderdale
Cumbria Amd Amd
Essex Add
Glamorgan
Gwent Oth Oth
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC SHW/App SHW/App Oth
Scottish Office
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Cold Mix On Site Deep Lime

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex Add
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW SHW
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Scottish Office SHW
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW
Cold Mix On Site Deep Lime

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Cold Mix On Site Deep Cement

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire SHW 7/5
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex Add
Glamorgan
Gwent Oth Oth Oth
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester
Isle of Wight
Kent SHW SHW SHW Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire Gc
Perth and Kinross
Scottish Office SHW Col
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW

SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY MATERIAL - Cold Mix On Site Dp Bituminous

Layer
Concrete Aggregates
Capping Layer
Sub - Base
Bulk Fill
Authority
Berkshire 7/5
Calderdale
Cumbria
Essex Add
Glamorgan
Gwent
Hampshire
Hereford &Worcester Col
Isle of Wight
Kent Add
Kirklees
Lancashire SHW SHW
Lincolnshire
Manchester
Neath Port Talbot
Newcastle upon Tyne
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Perth and Kinross
Sefton MBC
Scottish Office Col
Suffolk
Torbay
Trafford MBC
West Sussex SHW
Wiltshire
South Yorkshire SHW
Cold Mix On Site Dp Bituminous

5. CONTACT NAMES AND ADDRESSES
Contact Addresses at County Authorities for Materials Issues
Berkshire County Council Isle of Wight Council

Babtie Engineering Laboratory County Hall
3 Heron Industrial Estate Newport
Basingstoke Road Isle of Wight
Spencers Wood PO30 lUD
Reading. RG7 IPJ
Kent County Council
Calderdale MBC Babtie Engineering Laboratory
The Hets Laboratory Doubleday House
Horbury Road St Michaels Close
Osset, Wakefield. Aylesford
WF5 0BZ Kent
ME20 7BU
Citadel Chambers Kirklees MC
Citadel Row The Hets Laboratory
Carlisle Horbury Road
CA3 8SG Osset
Wakefield.
Essex County Council WF5 0BZ
Highways & Transportation
County Hall Lancashire County Council
Chelmsford. Highways Laboratory
CM1 1QH Cuerden Mill Depot
Bamber Bridge
Glamorgan Engineering Consultancy Preston
Council Offices PR5 6BS
Greyfriars Road
Cardiff. Lincolnshire County Council
CF1 3LJ Lincs Laboratory
St George's Lane
Riseholme
Gwent Consultancy Lincoln
Highways Laboratory LN2 2LQ
Hafodyrynys, Crumlin
Gwent Manchester City Council
NP1 5BE Contracts & Materials Eng
City Engineer & Surveyors Dept
Hampshire County Council Town Hall
The Castle Manchester
Winchester M60 2JT
Hampshire
SO23 8UD Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council
Earlswood Materials Laboratory
Hereford & Worcester County Council Newby House
Sir William HaIcrow & Partners Ltd Neath Abbey Business Pk,
Halcow Laboratories Neath Abbey
Malvern Road Neath
St John's SA10 7DR
Worcester
WR2 4LE
Countie3.doc
Newcastle Upon Tyne City Eng Services Trafford MBC
Civic Centre PO Box 12
Barras Bridge, Trafford Town Hall
Newcastle Upon Tyne Talbot Rd
NE1 8OJ Stretford.
Northumberland County Council West Sussex County Council

Technical Services Laboratory The Grange
Bassington Drive Tower Street
Cramlington Chichester
Northumberland West Sussex.
NE23 8AJ P019 1RH
Nottinghamshire County Council Wiltshire County Council

Materials Testing Laboratory County Hall
Willow Rd Trowbridge
Lenton Wiltshire
Nottingham BA14 8JD
NG7 2TA
Perth & Kinross Council South Yorkshire Laboratory
5 Whitefriars Crescent Station Road
Perth Ecclesfield,
PH2 0ZA Sheffield
S30 3YR
Sefton Technical Services,
Merseyside Engineers Laboratory
Materials Laboratory
Cambridge Road Depot
Cambridge Road
Seaforth.
L21 1EZ
The Scottish Office

Development Department
National Roads Directorate
Victoria Quay
Edinburgh
EH6 6QQ

Babtie Engineering Laboratory
Lodge Lane
Gt Blakenham
Ipswich
IP6 0JE
Torbay Borough Council

Borough Engineers Department
Town Hall
Torquay
Devon
TQ1 3DR
Countie3.doc

BS 1377 - 13992

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Secondary and Recycled Aggregates

The data is presented in five sections comprising:

Further information on aggregates efficiency issues, whether relating to primary, secondary

SECONDARY AND RECYCLED AGGREGATES USES IN ROAD

2. Highways Agency guidance

4. Specification Clause Availability

5. Contact Names and Addresses

Highways Agency guidance

Specification Clause Availability

Contact Names and Addresses

An alternative presentation prepared by the Highways Agency is given overleaf.

Specification for Highway Works (SHW) Application of Secondary Aggregates HD 35 /95

Application Bulk Fill Capping Unbound Bitumen Cement Cement PQ Concrete

SHW Series 600 600 800 900 1000 1000 1000

Burnt Colliery Spoil A B A C B C C

Unburnt Colliery Spoil B C C C B C C

Spent Oil Shale B B A C B C C

Furnace Bottom Ash B B C C B C C

China Clay Waste B B B B B B B

B General Provision i.e permitted subject to compliance with the requirements

! ! ! ! " " "

! ! ! " " " !

! ! ! ! " " "

! ! ! " " " "

! ! ! " " " "

! " " ! " " !

! ! " " " " "

" Not permitted.

SHW Ref. / Class Page ref.

Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase Cl 903 / 929 HDM 1/2

Well Graded Granular Material 1A DIG_1A.DOC

Granular Material Type 1 Sub-base DIG_TYP1.DOC

SHW Class General Material Description

Typical Use: Bituminous roadbase beneath wearing course

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance in

Aggregates shall be hard and durable

Aggregate Grading Requirements:

40mm 28mm 20mm

Physical Properties for Aggregate Constituents

Soundness (Natural,Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%

Particle Shape Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

Specific variants available from:

Berkshire County Council , Essex County Council , Gwent Consultancy

Example variant from KCC

a) To permit higher percentage asphalt planings.

SHW Class General Material Description

Typical Use: Low stress sites.

Wearing Course Macadam

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance in

Aggregate Grading Requirements:

14mm 10mm 6mm 3mm

Physical Properties for Aggregate Constituents

Soundness (Natural,Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%

Particle Shape - Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

Example variant from KCC.

a) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.

SHW Class General Material Description

Typical Use: Initial load bearing bitumen bound layer.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance in

Aggregates shall be hard and durable

Aggregate Grading Requirements:

60/40 60/28 60/20