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INTRODUCTION

Consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a nation because in the absence of effective demand

that emanates from them, the economy virtually collapses. Mahatma Gandhi said, "A consumer is the most

important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us, we are on him. He is not an interruption to our

work, he is the purpose of it. We are not doing a favour to a consumer by giving him an opportunity. He is

doing us a favour by giving us opportunity to serve him. But, of late, unfortunately cheating by way of

overcharging, black marketing, misleading advertisements, etc has become the common practice of greedy

sellers and manufacturers to make unreasonable profits. In this context, it is the duty of the government to

confer some rights on consumers to safeguard their interests.

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CONSUMER EXPLOITATION

When a producer is doing selfish deeds for his/her own benefit and the decision is a purpose giving more

than mental happiness for only the producer and having adverse effects on consumer who may be illiterate or

unaware etc.

1. Illiteracy and Ignorance: Consumers in India are mostly illiterate and ignorant. They do not

understand their rights. A system is required to protect them from unscrupulous businessmen.

2. Unorganised Consumers: In India consumers are widely dispersed and are not united. They are at

the mercy of businessmen. On the other hand, producers and traders are organized and powerful.

3. Spurious Goods: There is increasing supply of duplicate products. It is very difficult for an ordinary

consumer to distinguish between a genuine product and its imitation. It is necessary to protect consumers

from such exploitation by ensuring compliance with prescribed norms of quality and safety.

4. Deceptive Advertising: Some businessmen give misleading information about quality, safety and

utility of products. Consumers are misled by false advertisement and do not know the real quality of

advertised goods. A mechanism is needed to prevent misleading advertisements.

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5. Malpractices of Businessmen: Fraudulent, unethical and monopolistic trade practices on the part of

businessmen lead to exploitation of consumers. Consumers often get defective, inferior and substandard

goods and poor service. Certain measures are required to protect the consumers against such malpractices.

6. Freedom of Enterprise: Businessmen must ensure satisfaction of consumers. In the long run, survival

and growth of business is not possible without the support and goodwill of consumers. If business does not

protect consumers' interests, Government intervention and regulatory measures will grow to curb unfair trade

practices.

7. Legitimacy for Existence: Business exists to satisfy the needs and desires of consumers. Goods are

produced with the purpose of selling them. Goods will, in the long run, sell only when they meet the needs of

consumers.

8. Trusteeship: Businessmen are trustees of the society's wealth. Therefore, they should use this wealth

for the benefit of people.

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CONSUMER RIGHTS

1. Right to Safety: The right to be protected against goods which are hazardous to life and property.

2. Right to Information: The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, purity, price and standards of

goods.

3. Right to Choose: The right to be assured access to a variety of products at competitive prices, without any

pressure to impose a sale, i.e., freedom of choice.

4. Right to be Heard: The right to be heard and assured that consumer interests will receive due

consideration at appropriate forums.

5. Right to Seek Redressal: The right to get relief against unfair trade practice or exploitation.

6. Right to Education: The right to be educated about rights of a consumer.

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PROTECTION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS

Consumer protection means safeguarding the rights and interests of consumers. It includes all

the measures aimed at protecting the rights and interests of consumers.

Consumers need protection due to the following reasons:

1. Illiteracy and Ignorance: Consumers in India are mostly illiterate and ignorant. They do not

understand their rights. A system is required to protect them from unscrupulous businessmen.

2. Unorganised Consumers: In India consumers are widely dispersed and are not united. They are at the

mercy of businessmen. On the other hand, producers and traders are organized and powerful.

3. Spurious Goods: There is increasing supply of duplicate products. It is very difficult for an ordinary

consumer to distinguish between a genuine product and its imitation. It is necessary to protect consumers

from such exploitation by ensuring compliance with prescribed norms of quality and safety.

4. Deceptive Advertising: Some businessmen give misleading information about quality, safety and

utility of products. Consumers are misled by false advertisement and do not know the real quality of

advertised goods. A mechanism is needed to prevent misleading advertisements.

7
5. Malpractices of Businessmen: Fraudulent, unethical and monopolistic trade practices on the part of

businessmen lead to exploitation of consumers. Consumers often get defective, inferior and substandard

goods and poor service. Certain measures are required to protect the consumers against such malpractices.

6. Freedom of Enterprise: Businessmen must ensure satisfaction of consumers. In the long run, survival

and growth of business is not possible without the support and goodwill of consumers. If business does not

protect consumers' interests, Government intervention and regulatory measures will grow to curb unfair trade

practices.

7. Legitimacy for Existence: Business exists to satisfy the needs and desires of consumers. Goods are

produced with the purpose of selling them. Goods will, in the long run, sell only when they meet the needs of

consumers.

8. Trusteeship: Businessmen are trustees of the society's wealth. Therefore, they should use this wealth for

the benefit of people.

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METHODS OF CONSUMER PROTECTION

There are four main methods of protecting the interests of consumers:

1. Business Self-regulation: The business community itself can help in achieving consumer protection

and satisfaction through self -discipline. Businessmen can regulate their own behaviour and actions by

adopting higher ethical standards. Trade associations and chambers of commerce can check unfair trade

practices used by some businessmen.

2. Consumer Self-help: Every consumer must be alert as self-help is the best help. He should educate

himself and know his rights. He should not allow unscrupulous businessmen to cheat him.

3. Consumers' Associations: Consumers should form voluntary associations. These associations can

educate and awaken consumers. They can take organized action and put pressure on businessmen to adopt

fair trade practices.

4. Government Regulations: The State can ensure consumer protection through legislative, executive

and judicial actions. The laws enacted by the Government must be strictly enforced by the executive.

Government of India has enacted several laws to protect the interests and rights of consumers. Some of these

laws are as follows:

• The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 which aims to regulate and control the production, supply and

distribution and prices of essential commodities.

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• The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 which aims to check adulteration in food items and

eatables.

• The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 which seeks to ensure purity and quality in drugs and cosmetics.

• The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 which aims at ensuring that consumers get the right

weight and measurement in products.

• The Household Electrical Appliances (Quality Control) Order, 1976 which seeks to ensure safety and

quality in the manufacture of electrical appliances.

• The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 which seeks to provide speedy and inexpensive redressal to the

grievances of consumers.

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THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986

The Act provides following remedies to an aggrieved consumer:

• Removal of defects in goods or deficiency in service.

• Replacement of defective goods with new goods of similar description which shall be free from any defect.

• Return of price paid by the consumer.

• Payment of compensation for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer.

• Discontinue the restrictive, or unfair trade practice, and not to repeat it.

• Withdraw the hazardous goods from being offered for sale and not to offer them for sale.

• Provide for adequate cost to the aggrieved party.

The Consumer Production Act provides for a three tier system of redressal agencies: one at district

level known as District Forum, second at state level known as 'State Commission', and third at

national level known as 'National Commission'. A complaint is to be made to the district forum of

the concerned district where the value of goods and services and compensation, if any, is up to Rs 20

lakhs, to the 'State Commission' between Rs 20 lakhs and Rs 100 lakhs, and to the National Commission
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for more than Rs 100 lakhs. Interestingly, there is provision for appeals against the orders of a particular

redessal forum by the aggrieved party before the next higher echelon and even from the findings of the

National Commission before the Supreme Court.

1 Short title, extent, commencement and application.—

(1) This Act may be called the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

(3) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification, appoint

and different dates may be appointed for different States and for different provisions of

this Act.

(4) Save as otherwise expressly provided by the Central Government by notification, this Act

shall apply to all goods and services

2. Definitions. –

(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

(a) "appropriate laboratory" means a laboratory or organization—

(i) Recognized by the Central Government;

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 (ii) recognized by a State Government, subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed

by the Central Government in this behalf; or

(iii) any such laboratory or organization established by or under any law for the time

being in force, which is maintained, financed or aided by the Central Government or

a State Government for carrying out analysis or test of any goods with a view to

determining whether such goods suffer from any defect;

(a) "Branch office" means—

(I) any establishment described as a branch by the opposite party; or

(ii) any establishment carrying on either the same or substantially the same activity

as that carried on by the head office of the establishment;

(b) "Complainant" means—

(i) a consumer; or

(ii) any voluntary consumer association registered under the Companies Act, 1956

(1of 1956) or under any other law for the time being in force; or

(iii) the Central Government or any State Government,

(iv) one or more consumers, where there are numerous consumers having the same

interest;

(v) in case of death of a consumer, his legal heir or representative; who or which

makes a complaint;

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(c) "Complaint" means any allegation in writing made by a complainant that—

(i) An unfair trade practice or a restrictive trade practice has been adopted by any trader

or service provider;

(ii) The goods bought by him or agreed to be bought by him; suffer from one or more

defects;

(iii) the services hired or availed of or agreed to be hired or availed of by him suffer

from deficiency in any respect;

(iv) a trader or service provider, as the case may be, has charged for the goods or for

the service mentioned in the complaint a price in excess of the price –

(a) fixed by or under any law for the time being in force

(b) displayed on the goods or any package containing such goods ;

(c) displayed on the price list exhibited by him by or under any law for the time being

in force;

(d) agreed between the parties;

(v) goods which will be hazardous to life and safety when used or being offered for sale to

the public,--

(A) in contravention of any standards relating to safety of such goods as required to be

complied with, by or under any law for the time being in force;

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 (B) if the trader could have known with due diligence that the goods so offered are

unsafe to the public;

(vi) services which are hazardous or likely to be hazardous to life and safety of the public

when used, are being offered by the service provider which such person could have

known with due diligence to be injurious to life and safety;”;

(d) "Consumer" means any person who—

(i) buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly

paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes

any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for

consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any

system of deferred payment when such use is made with the approval of such

person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any

commercial purpose; or

(ii) hires or avails of any services for a consideration which has been paid or

promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred

payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other than the person who

'hires or avails of the services for consideration paid or promised, or partly paid and

partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such services are

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 availed of with the approval of the first mentioned person but does not include a

person who avails of such services for any commercial purposes;

Explanation.— For the purposes of this clause, “commercial purpose” does not

include use by a person of goods bought and used by him and services availed by him

exclusively for the purposes of earning his livelihood by means of self-employment;

(e) "Consumer dispute" means a dispute where the person against whom a complaint

has been made, denies or disputes the allegations contained in the complaint.

(g) "defect" means any fault, imperfection or shortcoming in the quality, quantity, potency,

purity or standard which is required to be maintained by or under any law for the time

being in force under any contract, express or implied or as is claimed by the trader in any

manner whatsoever in relation to any goods;

(h) "deficiency" means any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in the quality,

nature and manner of performance which is required to be maintained by or under any law

for the time being in force or has been undertaken to be performed by a person in

pursuance of a contract or otherwise in relation to any service;

DISTRICT FORUM

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(i) "District Forum" means a Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum established under

clause (a) of section 9;

(j) "goods" means goods as defined in the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930);

(k) “manufacturer” means a person who—

(i) makes or manufactures any goods or part thereof; or

(ii) does not make or manufacture any goods but assembles parts thereof made or

manufactured by others; or

(iii) puts or causes to be put his own mark on any goods made or manufactured by any

other manufacturer;

(iv)

Explanation. — Where a manufacturer dispatches any goods or part thereof to any

branch office maintained by him, such branch office shall not be deemed to be the

manufacturer even though the parts so dispatched to it are assembled at such branch office

and are sold or distributed from such branch office;

(jj) "member" includes the President and a member of the National Commission or a State

Commission or a District Forum, as the case may be;

(l) "National Commission" means the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

established under clause (c) of section 9;

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(m) "notification" means a notification published in the Official Gazette;

(m)"Person" includes,—

(i) a firm whether registered or not;

(ii) a Hindu undivided family;

(iii) a co-operative society;

(v) every other association of persons whether registered under the Societies

Registration Act, 1860 (21 of 1860) or not;

(n) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made by the State Government, or as the case

may be, by the Central Government under this Act;

(nn)“regulation” means the regulations made by the National Commission under this Act;

(nnn) “restrictive trade practice” means a trade practice which tends to bring about

manipulation of price or conditions of delivery or to affect flow of supplies in the market

relating to goods or services in such a manner as to impose on the consumers unjustified

costs or restrictions and shall include—

(a) delay beyond the period agreed to by a trader in supply of such goods or in providing

the services which has led or is likely to lead to rise in the price;

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 (b) any trade practice which requires a consumer to buy, hire or avail of any goods or, as

the case may be, services as condition precedent to buying, hiring or availing of other

goods or services;

(o) "service" means service of any description which is made available to potential users and

includes, but not limited to, the provision of facilities in connection with banking,

financing insurance, transport, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, board or

lodging or both, housing construction, entertainment, amusement or the purveying of news

or other information, but does not include the rendering of any service free of charge or

under a contract of personal service;

(oo) “Spurious goods and services” mean such goods and services which are claimed to

be genuine but they are actually not so;

(p) "State Commission" means a Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission established in a

State under clause (b) of section 9;

(q) "trader" in relation to any goods means a person who sells or distributes any goods for

sale and includes the manufacturer thereof, and where such goods are sold or distributed in

package form, includes the packer thereof;

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(q) "unfair trade practice" means a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the

sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of any service, adopts any unfair

method or unfair or deceptive practice including any of the following practices, namely;—

(1) the practice of making any statement, whether orally or in writing or by visible

representation which,—

(i) falsely represents that the goods are of a particular standard, quality, quantity,

grade, composition, style or model;

(ii) falsely represents that the services are of a particular standard, quality or grade;

(iii) falsely represents any re-built, second-hand, renovated, reconditioned or old

goods as new goods;

(iv) represents that the goods or services have sponsorship, approval, performance,

characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits which such goods or services do not

have;

(v) represents that the seller or the supplier has a sponsorship or approval or affiliation

which such seller or supplier does not have;

(vi) makes a false or misleading representation concerning the need for, or the

usefulness of, any goods or services;

(vii) gives to the public any warranty or guarantee of the performance, efficacy or

length of life of a product or of any goods that is not based on an adequate or

proper test thereof;

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 Provided that where a defence is raised to the effect that such warranty or

guarantee is based on adequate or proper test, the burden of proof of such defence

shall lie on the person raising such defence;

(viii)makes to the public a representation in a form that purports to be—

(i) a warranty or guarantee of a product or of any goods or services; or

(ii) a promise to replace, maintain or repair an article or any part thereof or to

repeat or continue a service until it has achieved a specified result, if such

purported warranty or guarantee or promise is materially misleading or if there

is no reasonable prospect that such warranty, guarantee or promise will be

carried out;

(ix)materially misleads the public concerning the price at which a product or like

products or goods or services, have been or are, ordinarily sold or provided, and,

for this purpose, a representation as to price shall be deemed to refer to the price at

which the product or goods or services has or have been sold by sellers or provided

by suppliers generally in the relevant market unless it is clearly specified to be the

price at which the product has been sold or services have been provided by the

person by whom or on whose behalf the representation is made;

(x) gives false or misleading facts disparaging the goods, services or trade of another

person.

Explanation. - For the purposes of clause (1), a statement that is—

(a) expressed on an article offered or displayed for sale, or on its wrapper or

container; or

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 (b) expressed on anything attached to, inserted in, or accompanying, an article

offered or displayed for sale, or on anything on which the article is mounted for

display or sale; or

(c) contained in or on anything that is sold, sent, delivered, transmitted or in any

other manner whatsoever made available to a member of the public,

shall be deemed to be a statement made to the public by, and only by, the person

who had caused the statement to be so expressed, made or contained;

(2) permits the publication of any advertisement whether in any newspaper or otherwise,

for the sale or supply at a bargain price, of goods or services that are not intended to be

offered for sale or supply at the bargain price, or for a period that is, and in quantities that

are, reasonable, having regard to the nature of the market in which the business is carried

on, the nature and size of business, and the nature of the advertisement.

Explanation .—For the purpose of clause (2), "bargaining price" means—

(a) a price that is stated in any advertisement to be a bargain price, by reference to

an ordinary price or otherwise, or

(b) a price that a person who reads, hears or sees the advertisement, would

reasonably understand to be a bargain price having regard to the prices at which the

product advertised or like products are ordinarily sold;

(3) permits—

(a) the offering of gifts, prizes or other items with the intention of not providing

them as offered or creating impression that something is being given or offered

free of charge when it is fully or partly covered by the amount charged in the

transaction as a whole;

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 (b) the conduct of any contest, lottery, game of chance or skill, for the purpose of

promoting, directly or indirectly, the sale, use or supply of any product or any

business interest;

(3A) withholding from the participants of any scheme offering gifts, prizes or other items

free of charge, on its closure the information about final results of the scheme.

Explanation. — For the purposes of this sub-clause, the participants of a scheme shall

be deemed to have been informed of the final results of the scheme where such results are

within a reasonable time, published, prominently in the same newspapers in which the

scheme was originally advertised;

(4) permits the sale or supply of goods intended to be used, or are of a kind likely to be

used, by consumers, knowing or having reason to believe that the goods do not comply

with the standards prescribed by competent authority relating to performance,

composition, contents, design, constructions, finishing or packaging as are necessary to

prevent or reduce the risk of injury to the person using the goods;

(5) permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refuses to sell the goods or to make

them available for sale or to provide any service, if such hoarding or destruction or refusal

raises or tends to raise or is intended to raise, the cost of those or other similar goods or

services.

(6) manufacture of spurious goods or offering such goods for sale or adopts deceptive

practices in the provision of services.

(2) Any reference in this Act to any other Act or provision thereof which is not in force in any

area to which this Act applies shall be construed to have a reference to the corresponding Act

or provision thereof in force in such area.

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 CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS

THE CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCIL

1. The Central Consumer Protection Council.—(1) The Central Government shall, by notification,

establish with effect from such date as it may specify in such notification, a Council to be known as

the Central Consumer Protection Council (hereinafter referred to as the Central Council).

(2) The Central Council shall consist of the following members, namely:—

(a) the Minister in charge of the consumer affairs in the Central Government, who shall

be its Chairman, and

(b) such number of other official or non-official members representing such interests as

may be prescribed.
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2. Procedure for meetings of the Central Council.—(1) The Central Council shall meet as and when

necessary, but at least one meeting of the Council shall be held every year.

(2) The Central Council shall meet at such time and place as the Chairman may think fit and shall

observe such procedure in regard to the transaction of its business as may be prescribed.

3. Objects of the Central Council.—The objects of the Central Council shall be to promote and protect

the rights of the consumers such as,—

(a) the right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous

to life and property;

(b) the right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of

goods or services, as the case may be so as to protect the consumer against unfair trade practices;

(c) the right to be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of goods and services at

competitive prices;

(d) the right to be heard and to be assured that consumer's interests will receive due

consideration at appropriate forums;

(e) the right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or restrictive trade practices or

unscrupulous exploitation of consumers; and

(f) the right to consumer education.

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 THE STATE CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS

1 The State Consumer Protection Councils.- (1) The State Government shall, by notification,

establish with effect from such date as it may specify in such notification, a Council to be known as

the Consumer Protection Council for..................... (hereinafter referred to as the State Council).

(2) The State Council shall consist of the following members, namely:—

(a) the Minister incharge of consumer affairs in the State Government who shall be its

Chairman;

(b) such number of other official or non-official members representing such interests as

may be prescribed by the State Government.

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 (c) such number of other official or non-official members, not exceeding ten, as may be

nominated by the Central Government.

(3) The State Council shall meet as and when necessary but not less than two meetings shall be held

every year.

(4) The State Council shall meet at such time and place as the Chairman may think fit and shall

observe such procedure in regard to the transaction of its business as may be prescribed by the

State Government.

2. Objects of the State Council. — The objects of every State Council shall be to promote and protect

within the State the rights of the consumers laid down in clauses (a) to (f) of section 6.

2A. (1) The State Government shall establish for every district, by notification, a council to be known as

the District Consumer Protection Council with effect from such date as it may specify in such

notification.

(2) The District Consumer Protection Council (hereinafter referred to as the District Council) shall

consist of the following members, namely:—

(a) the Collector of the district (by whatever name called), who shall be its Chairman; and

(b) such number of other official and non-official members representing such interests as

may be prescribed by the State Government.

(3) The District Council shall meet as and when necessary but not less than two meetings shall be

held every year.

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 (4) The District Council shall meet at such time and place within the district as the Chairman may

think fit and shall observe such procedure in regard to the transaction of its business as may be

prescribed by the State Government.

The objects of every District Council shall be to promote and protect within the district the

rights of the consumers laid down in clauses (a) to (f) of section 6.

CONCLUSION

Invariably, consumers are a vulnerable lot for exploitation, more so in a developing country with the

prevalence of mass poverty and illiteracy. India too is no exception to it. Instances like overcharging, black

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marketing, adulteration, profiteering, lack of proper services in trains, telecommunication, water supply,

airlines, etc are not uncommon here. From time to time, the government has attempted to safeguard

consumer's interests through legislations and the CPA 1986 is considered as the most progressive statute for

consumer protection. Procedural simplicity and speedy and inexpensive redressal of consumer grievances as

contained in the CPA are really unique and have few parallels in the world. Implementation of the Act

reveals that interests of consumers are better protected than ever before. However, consumer awareness

through consumer education and actions by the government, consumer activists, and associations are needed

the most to make consumer protection movement a success in the country.

Consumer Related Agencies

Agencies involved in Consumer Protection

1. State Consumer Protection Council, Government of Tamil Nadu

2. Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection department
3. District Administration and District Consumer Protection Council
4. Consumer Courts
5. Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India
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 6. Other departments of State and Central Government

1. State Consumer Protection Council

State Government has allocated the responsibility of Consumer Protection to the

Ministry of Co-operation, Food and Consumer Protection headed by Secretary to
Government, Co-operation, Food and Consumer Protection Department, under the
charge of Hon’ble Minister for Food & Consumer Protection. The Ministry is
responsible for laying down policy for the functions of the Civil Supplies and Consumer
Protection Department.
A State level Consumer Protection Council, as provided for under section 7 of the
Consumer Protection Act, 1986, has been constituted under the Chairmanship of the
Honorable Minister for Food & Consumer Protection. This Committee has responsibility
to protect consumers as provided for under section 6 and 8 of the CP Act.

2. Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection department

Commissioner of Civil Supplies & Consumer Protection is assisted by one Joint
Commissioner, one Deputy Commissioner, one Assistant Commissioner. A separate
Consumer Protection Section headed by a Superintendent with 4 Assistants works in the
Office of the Commissioner, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection Department
situated at Ezhilagam Main Building, 4th Floor, Chepauk, Chennai-5.

3. District Administration and District Consumer Protection Council

At district level the District Consumer Protection Council functions as per section 8A
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 with District Collector as Chairperson. Both the
councils are having Service providing Government Departments, Public Sector
Undertakings, Voluntary Consumer Organisations, Public Representatives etc. as its
members. Regular meetings are being conducted in order to discuss and to decide on the
modalities for improved Government Services besides finding out measures for
protecting rights of consumers from unethical trade practices. District Administration
works in close co-ordination with Voluntary Consumer Associations, consumer clubs,
self help groups, etc., in achieving organizational mission and objectives.

District Supply Officer of districts other than Chennai and Deputy Commissioners of
North and South in Chennai District have been designated as District Supply and
Consumer Protection Officer and Deputy Commissioner of Civil Supplies and
Consumer Protection Officer (Chennai) respectively. They are carrying out consumer
awareness and education programmes as per the policy laid down by Government of
Tamil Nadu.

4. Consumer Courts
Most districts have a District Consumer Forum (DCF) headed by a a President. Appeal
against the orders of the the DCF lies with State Consumer Disputes Redressal
Commission (SCDRC) at Chennai. The SCDRC also has certain original jurisdiction

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based on the value of the complaint. Appeal against the orders of the SCDRC lies with
the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

5. Department of Consumer Affairs, Government of India

Department of Consumer Affairs under the Ministry of Food, Public Distribution and
Consumer Affairs lays down broad policy and works with other key central government
departments and agencies in upholding rights of consumers. Several schemes like
Consumer Club Scheme, Helpline scheme, Centre for Consumer Resources and
Empowerment (CORE), etc.., have been launched by the DCA for raising the awareness
amongst consumers. DCA also acts as a nodal agency for the Consumer Protection Act
and Consumer Courts.

6. Other departments of State and Central Government

Departments of the Central Government such as the Drug Controller General of India,
Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Bureau of Indian Standards, Stock Exchange
Bureau of India, Telecom Regulatory Authority, of India (TRAI), Competition
Commission of India (CCI), etc., also play a key role in upholding the interests of
consumers in respective sectors.
Similarly, in the State Government, there are a number of departments such as
Controller of Legal Metrology, Department of Public Health, Police department, Local
Bodies, etc., that play a major role in consumer protection the respective areas.

A detailed table of agencies that may be contacted by consumers depending on the

grievance involved has been tabulated for use by consumers,.under Contact Info.

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