c

c 

m
is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South
West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to
the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western
coast. Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the
country as a whole.It was ranked the best placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission
for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National
Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators.

Panaji is the state's capital, while Vasco da Gama is the largest city. The historic city of
Margao still exhibits the cultural influence of the Portuguese, who first landed in the early
16th century as merchants, and conquered it soon thereafter. The Portuguese overseas
territory existed for about 450 years, until it was annexed by India in 1961.

Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited
by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and
fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity
hotspot.

Ô
 

The name m
came to European languages from the Portuguese, but its precise origin is
unclear. In ancient literature, Goa was known by many names such as m 

,
m 


, m 



, m 


, m

, m , and m 

.The Indian epic





refers to the area now known as Goa, as m 


or m


which
means a nation of cowherds. m 


 or m 




 were used in some ancient
Sanskrit texts, and these names were also mentioned in other sacred Hindu texts such as the



and the 




. In the latter, Goa is also known as m 


.




  is a name that the region is referred to in certain inscriptions and texts
such as the 


.In the third century BCE, Goa was known as 


, and is
mentioned by the Greek geographer Ptolemy. The Greeks referred to Goa as  
in the
13th century. Some other historical names for Goa are 

, 


, and







Dc


The Sé Cathedral at Old Goa, an example of Portuguese influence

Goa's known history stretches back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the
Mauryan Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhist monks laid
the foundation of Buddhism in Goa. Between the 2nd century BCE and the 6th century CE,
Goa was ruled by the Chutus of Karwar as feudatories of the Satavahanas of Kolhapur (2nd
century BCE to the 2nd century CE), Western Kshatrapas (around 150 CE), the Abhiras of
Western Maharashtra, Bhojas of the Yadav clans of Gujarat, and the Konkan Mauryas as
feudatories of the Kalachuris.The rule later passed on to the Chalukyas of Badami, who
controlled it between 578 to 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963.
However from 765 to 1015, the Southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa as the feudatories of
the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas. Over the next few centuries, Goa was successively ruled
by the Kadambas as the feudatories of the Chalukyas of Kalyani. They patronised Jainism in
Goa.

In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the Delhi Sultanate. However, the kingdom's grip
on the region was weak, and by 1370 they were forced to surrender it to Harihara I of the
Vijayanagara empire. The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469, when it
was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. After that dynasty crumbled, the area
fell to the hands of the Adil Shahis of Bijapur who established as their auxiliary capital the
city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa.

In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of a local ally,
Timayya, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa).

Ô D 
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Ô

Goa coastline

Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km² (1,430 sq mile). It lies between the latitudes
14°53ƍ54Ǝ N and 15°40ƍ00Ǝ N and longitudes 73°40ƍ33Ǝ E and 74°20ƍ13Ǝ E. Most of Goa is a
part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the
Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the Deccan Plateau. The highest
point is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 meters (3,827 feet). Goa has a coastline of
101 km (63 miles).

Goa's main rivers are the Mandovi, the Zuari, the Terekhol, Chapora River and the Sal. The
Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is one of the best natural harbours in
South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifelines of Goa, with their tributaries draining
69% of its geographic area. These rivers are one of the busiest rivers in India. Goa has more
than forty estuarine, eight marine and about ninety riverine islands. The total navigable length
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Goa's wildlife sanctuaries boast of more than 1512 documented species of plants, over 275
species of birds, over 48 kinds of animals and over 60 genera of reptiles.

Rice paddies are common in rural Goa.

The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the
bhirand. Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the
elevated regions. A large number of deciduous vegetation consisting of teak, sal, cashew and
mango trees are present. Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries. Goa's
forests are rich with medicinal plants.

Ô  

m 
 
 



 V13]


 m

1980 3,980

1985 6,550

1990 12,570

1995 33,190

2000 76,980

Tourism is Goa's primary industry it handles 12% of all foreign tourist arrivals in India. Goa
has two main tourist seasons winter and summer. In the winter time, tourists from abroad
(mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the splendid climate. In the summer time (which, in
Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across India come to spend the holidays.
Taj Hotels Fort Aguada Beach Resort

Commercial area in Panjim.

The land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores and mining forms the second
largest industry. Mining in Goa focuses on ores of iron, Bauxite, manganese, clays, limestone
and silica. The Marmagao Port handled 31.69 million tonnes of cargo last year, and accounts
for over 39% of India's Iron Ore exports. The leaders in the Goan Iron Ore industry include
Sesa Goa (now owned by Vedanta Resources) and Dempo. Rampant mining in areas rich in
Iron Ore and other minerals is now threatening the forest cover as well as posing a health
hazard to the local population. Mining corporations are also indulging in illegal mining in
some areas without proper permits.

Agriculture, while of shrinking importance to the economy over the past four decades, offers
part-time employment to a sizable portion of the populace. Rice is the main agricultural crop,
followed by areca, cashew and coconut. The fishing industry provides employment for about
forty thousand people, though recent official figures indicate a decline of the importance of
this sector and also a fall in catch, perhaps coupled with the fact that traditional fishing has
given way to large-scale mechanised trawling.

 


Most of Goa is well connected by roads.

Goa's sole airport, the Dabolim Airport, is both a military and civilian airport catering to
domestic and international airlines that stop en route to other Indian destinations. The airport
also handles a large number of chartered flights. Goa receives international flights from
Qatar, Dubai, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from Britain, Germany and Russia
during the charter flight tourist season. Dabolim Airport is serviced by the following carriers
± Air India, Indian Airlines, Kingfisher Airlines, Go Air, SpiceJet, Jet Airways, Qatar
Airlines,besides Charter flights from the UK, Russia, Germany operated by Thomas Cook,
Condor, Monarch Airlines etc.
Hindu-Christianity Unity Memorial at Miramar Beach.

A native of Goa is called a Goan in English,m 
 ( ) in Konkani, m 


( ) in Marathi, m  (male) or m 
(female) in Portuguese. Goa has a
population of 1.344 million residents, making it India's fourth smallest (after Sikkim,
Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). The population has a growth rate of 14.9% per decade
There are 363 people for each square kilometre of the land. Goa is the State with highest
proportion of Urban Population with 49.76% of the population living in urban areas. The
literacy rate of Goa is over 82%. The sex ratio is 960 females to 1000 males. The birth rate is
15.70 per 1,000 people in 2007.Goa also is the State with lowest proportion of Scheduled
Tribes at 0.04% in India.




m

Religion Percent
Hinduism 65%
Christianity 26%
Islam 6%
Others‚ 3%
Distribution of religions
‚Includes Sikhs (0.07%), Buddhists (0.04%), Jains (0.06%) and Others (0.24%).

According to the 2001 census out of a total population of 1,343,998. 886,551 (65%) were
Hindus, 359,568 (26%) were Christians, 92,210 (6%) were Muslims, 970 (0.07%) were
Sikhs, 649 (0.04%) were Buddhists, 820 (0.06%) were Jains and 3530 (0.24%) belonged to
other religious communities.

 Ô
The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani in the Devanagari
script the sole official language of Goa, but provides that Marathi may also be used "for all or
any of the official purposes". The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to
correspondence received in Marathi. Whilst there have been demands for according Marathi
and Konkani in Roman script co-equal status in the state, As of October 2008, Konkani
remained the sole official language. Konkani is spoken as a native language by about 61.21%
of the people in the state. Other linguistic minorities in the state as of 1991 are Marathi
(27.12%), Kannada (3.41%), Urdu (2.81%), and Hindi (2.09%).The Portuguese language,
which was used during the colonial era is less popular now.

c 

Goa Carnival is one of the main attractions of Goa.

Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity
inland. In 2004, there were more than two million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about
360,000 of whom were from abroad.

Goa has two main tourist seasons winter and summer. In the winter time, tourists from
abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the splendid climate. In the summertime
(which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across India come to spend the holidays

With the rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years and the consequential influence of
Portuguese culture, Goa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign visitor than other
parts of the country. The state of Goa is famous for its excellent beaches, churches, and
temples. The Bom Jesus Cathedral, Fort Aguada and a new wax museum on Indian history,
culture and heritage in Old Goa are other tourism destinations.

Dc
cc
Ô  ÔcD D

Goa has two World Heritage Sites the Bom Jesus Basilica and a few designated convents.
The Basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, regarded by many Catholics as
the patron saint of Goa (the patron of the Archdiocese of Goa is actually the Blessed Joseph
Vaz). Once every twelve years, the body is taken down for veneration and for public viewing.
The last such event was conducted in 2004. The Velhas Conquistas regions are also known
for its Goa-Portuguese style architecture. There are many forts in Goa such as Tiracol,
Chapora, Corjuem, Aguada, Gaspar Dias and Cabo de Rama.

In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style architecture still
stand, though in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Fontainhas in
Panaji has been declared a cultural quarter, showcasing the life, architecture and culture of
Goa. Some influences from the Portuguese era are visible in some of Goa's temples, notably
the Mangueshi Temple and the Mahalasa Temple, although after 1961, many of these were
demolished and reconstructed in the indigenous Indian style.

Ô  cÔ ÔÔ
Ô

Goa also has a few museums, the two important ones being Goa State Museum and the Naval
Aviation Museum. The Aviation museum is the only one of its kind in the whole of
India.Also, a place not well known to tourists is the Goa Science Center, which is located in
Panjim. The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) is also located in Goa at Dona Paula.

There is a Wax Museum located in Old Goa next to the Churches that is worth seeing --
probably the only one of its kind in India.

Ô
Ô 

Ô
? ?

Shanta Durga temple at Kavlem©?

The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the
Cross, Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. Western royal attire of kings and regional dances
being performed depict the unique blend of different religions and cultures of the State. The
festival of music and dance, Shigmo Mel or the Holi and Spring celebrations,signify unity in
diversity.V33] Prominent local festivals are Chavoth, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Shigmo,
Samvatsar Padvo, Dasara etc.The Goan Carnival and new year celebration is known to attract
a large number of tourists.

 Ô  c

Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, Bhajan and Kirtan. Many famous Indian Classical
singers hail from Goa, including Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai
Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar. Some traditional Goan art forms
are dekhnni, fugdi, corridinho, Mando and dulpod.

DÔ
Ô

Natak, Tiatr and Zagor are the chief forms of Goa's traditional performance arts. Other forms
are Ranmale, Dashavatari, Kalo, Goulankala, Lalit, Kala and Rathkala. Stories from the
Ramayana and the Mahabharata along with more modern social subjects are narrated with
song and dance. The drummers, keyboard artists, and guitarists are part of the show and give
the background score.
F

Rice with fish curry (§  in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Goan cuisine is famous
for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. Coconut and coconut oil are
widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar giving the food a
unique flavour. Pork dishes such as Vindaloo, Xacuti and Sorpotel are cooked for major
occasions among the Goan Catholics. An exotic Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is
a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Khatkhate
contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special Goan spices that add to the aroma.
Sannas, are variants of idli and  , ,
  are variants of dosa;are native to
Goa. A rich egg-based multi-layered sweet dish known as bebinca is a favourite at Christmas.
The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is feni; Cashew feni is made from the
fermentation of the fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy
palms.

Dc
Ô
Ô

Goan-Portuguese villa

Fontainhas is a protected area in Panjim for its old architecture. People living in the houses
can only renovate the insides ± the outside look has to be left as it is.The architecture of Goa
is a combination of Indian, Mughal and Portuguese styles. Since the Portuguese ruled for four
centuries, many churches and houses bear a striking element of the Portuguese style of
architecture. Goa was also under the Mughal rule and thus one finds monuments built in the
typical Mughal style complete with the domes.



Football is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture. Its origins in the
state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons
established the sport as part of a "Christian education". On 22 December 1959, the
 
 
 m
was formed, which continues to administer the game in the
state under the new name, Goa Football Association. Goa, along with West Bengal and
Kerala. is the locus of football in the country and is home to many football clubs in India's I-
League. The state's football powerhouses include Salgaocar, Dempo, Churchill Brothers,
Vasco Sports Club and Sporting Clube de Goa. The state's main football stadium, Fatorda (or
Nehru stadium), is located at Margao and also hosts cricket matches

Ô Ô
 
c
c

In the Parliament of India, Goa has two seats in the Lok Sabha, one representing each district,
and one seat in the Rajya Sabha.

Goa's capital is Panaji, known as Panjim in English and earlier called Pangim in Portuguese
times, and known in the local language as Ponnje is the administrative capital of Goa lying on
the left bank of the Mandovi near Panaji. Goa's legislative assembly building is located in
Porvorim ± the seat of the Goa assembly, which lies across the Mandovi River. The state's
judicial hierarchy relates to Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay, which is the capital of
Goa's neighbouring Maharashtra state), as the state comes under the Bombay High Court. A
bench of the High Court is present in Panaji. Unlike other states, which follow the British
Indian model of civil laws framed for individual religions, the Portuguese Uniform Civil
Code, based on the Napoleonic code, has been retained by the Goa government.

Goa has a unicameral legislature consisting of a forty member Legislative Assembly, headed
by a Chief Minister who wields the executive power. The present Chief Minister of Goa is
Mr. Digambar Kamat and the Leader of Opposition is Mr. Manohar Parrikar. The ruling
government consists of the party or coalition garnering the most seats in the state elections
and enjoying the support of a simple majority of the House. The governor is appointed by the
President of India.

Ôc    c
c 

Goa is served by almost all television channels available in India. Channels are received
through cable in most parts of Goa. In the interior regions, channels are received via satellite
dishes. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster, has two free terrestrial channels on
air.

Major cellular service operators include Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Vodafone
(previously Hutch), Bharti Airtel, BSNL and Idea cellular.
Local newspaper publications include the English language 
 (Goa's oldest, once a
Portuguese language paper known as 
 ), the m 

 and the 

.

Ô
c 

Goa University

According to the 2001 census, Goa has a literacy rate of 82% with 89% of males and 76% of
females being literate. Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the
government. Due to the low levels of corruption and the quality of the government schools,
private schools are less in demand, compared to the rest of the country. All schools come
under the state SSC whose syllabus is prescribed by the state Education department. There
are also a few schools run by the all-India ICSE board or NIOS board. Most students in Goa
complete their high school using English as the medium of instruction. Primary schools, on
the other hand are largely run in Konkani and marathi (in private, but government-aided
schools). As is the case in most of India, enrollment for vernacular media has seen a fall in
numbers in favour of English medium education. As per a report published in the times of
India, 84% of Goan schools run without an administrative head.

After ten years of schooling, students join a Higher Secondary school, which offers courses in
popular streams such as Science, Arts, Law and Commerce.A student may also opt for a
course in vocational studies. Additionally, many join three year diploma courses. Two years
of college is followed by a professional degree. Goa University is the sole university in the
state located in Taleigao and all Goan colleges are affiliated to it. There are four engineering
colleges and one medical college in the state. The Goa Engineering College and Goa Medical
College are run by the state whereas the other three engineering colleges are run by private
organisations.

Among the best known schools in Goa include Vidya Prabhodini at Porvorim, K.B.
Hedgewar High School, the Progress high school, Don Bosco High School, People's high
school, Mushtifund high school in panaji, A. J. De Almeida high school in ponda, Vidya
Bharati Mahila Nutan, Manovikas in Margao etc.

Among the best known colleges in Goa include G.V.M's S.N.J.A higher secondary school,
Don Bosco College, D.M's college of Arts Science and Commerce, St Xavier's College,
Carmel College, Chowgule College, Dhempe College, Damodar College, MES College, etc

?
 
c 
 



 



Goa, a coastal region of west India is blessed with most moderate climate. Goa is one of
India's most laid back, yet mundane and zestful, destinations. From miles and miles of palm
fringed beaches, to the splendors of its unique cities, towns and cobbled alleyways, Goa is
more than just beach destination.

It envelops the charm and magic of panoramic resorts, a lush green countryside, dense forests
and plenteous wildlife along with the legendary warmth and hospitality of the Goan people.

 
 Ô


 

Ô
?
Goa is all of 3,800sq. km. It¶s a miniscule state, compared
to the rest of the country. Perhaps its tiny size has as much
to do with Goa¶s rather unique flavour, as does its
colourful history. Goa tourism holds the attraction of
golden beaches and peaceful fishing villages that gives
way to colourful markets filled with smiling people, and
then to baroque churches, taverns, and shady winding
streets, dotted with red-tile-roofed white villas, canopied in
bright bougainvillea bushes. The distinct Mediterranean
flavour in Goa is a heritage of over four centuries of
Portuguese rule.

Probe the landscape a little further, and you stumble upon

cashew-nut groves, temples and quaint little villages. Goa
has a laid-back charm and a µhard to miss¶ happy aura about it. This is perhaps the first heady
feeling that lazily sneaks in only to mingle with your system, and creeps out of your mouth,
as your lips curve into a sunny smile. A good travel tip to start with ± just flow with the
rhythm of this intoxicating azure paradise.

  Ô

l? DDÔc  
Not many people know that Christianity originated in India but most of its influence is
seen in West. In India, Goa is one such place where you can easily trace the epic of
Christianity through charming churches.The word Church literal meaning is assembly
and not an edifice, but slowly there were certain changes and the term is now more
known as a building. Churches in Goa are listed in World Heritage Sites. In Goa,
some of the significant churches are
?
l? Se Cathederal?
l? Church of St. Francis Of Assisi ?
l? Chapel of St Catherine?
 Basilica of Bom Jesus

Ô 
Ôc  
The state is more known for its Churches rather than temples. Irony come from the fact that it
is considered a Christian state where as there are about 65% of Hindus inhabiting the state
compared to 30% Christians. Some of the famous temples in Goa are

Mahalaxmi Temple
Vithal Temple
Kamakshi Temple
Sri Mahadev Temple

c

cFÔc  ?
Catch a Tiger or ride an Elephant! The wildlife in Goa though not popular is worth watch.
You can call them hidden treasures of the state. There presence is overshadowed by the
popularity of monumental heritage. They are very much a part of the state and definitely in
coming years are going to give strong competions to other tourist spots. Some of the famous
wildlife sanctuary are

Catigo Wildlife Sanctuary

Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary

[Ô DÔc  
Beaches in Goa are priceless marvel of the state. Goa Beaches comes almost on top when one
has to list down tourist spots in Goa according to relative significance. Goa States is
surrounded by 75 miles of coast out of which 50 miles of it is beach. Some of the famous and
quite popular beaches of Goa are

Anjuna Beach
Baga Beach
Calanguate Beach
Candolim Beach


DÔ 
cc
cÔ
 
Ô
?
If there are beaches, water sports cannot be far behind. Man takes out pleasure in everything
and when it came to beaches, water sports gradually emerged. Some of the famous water
sports in Goa are Scuba diving, Water Skiing, Parasialing and Wind surfing.

   c
??
Spread colours of fun and gaiety! Goa Carnival gives the exact meaning to said line. It
spreads colours and fun. Held in the month of Feburary every year, Goa Carnival is
scheduled for 3 days. Street Plays, songs, dances, and unrehearsed farces are some of the
facets of this carnival.
?
 Dc
??
Christmas is held in the month of December and in Goa, the fest tends to bring forth all the
colours of the state. Christmas brings time for merry-making and exchanging gifts.

 Dc 
The state has number of markets, out of which the most famous of all is the flea market -
Anjuna Market, held on beach. Local handicrafts, brassware forms excellent souvenir which
you could collect from Goa.

  Ô
cc

Goa is one of the best tourist destination of India abd there are plenty of ways to connect Goa
to other states.
¦
Goa International Airport, which is located at Dabolim, 29 kms from Panaji is situated
on the coast of near Vasco Da Gama.


 There are number of trains which connect Goa from Mumbai, Bangalore, and other
major cities of India. The two major railway station of Goa are Margoa and Vasco Da Gama.

Road is considered to be the best connectivity. There are several tourism busses which
connects the state.

Ô
Ô
c  

Goa is a paradise for water sports lovers and has always appealed beach enthusiast and water
sports loves The long coastal stretches offers ample opportunities to indulge in all sorts of
water-sport activities and also to try on some new watery excitement. Surf the seas or float
across the skies, the options of sport enjoyment is never ending in Goa. One can never get
tired of scuba diving into the wreckage of the colonial ships. The para gliding, para sailing,
acquatics sports, water-skiing and wind surfing will be completely thrilling.


D [Ô DÔ

c  ?
?
Miramar is at a distance of 3km from Panaji. Although it is the beach that is closest to the
capital, it is not the most spectacular. But if you feel that a
beach with a name straight out of Top Gun is worth trying
out, then accommodation should not be a problem. A
range of budget hotels and a youth hostel are available
here.
?
?
  
?
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Sprinkled with palm trees and casuarina plantations, the
beach of Dona Paula in North Goa is a peaceful stretch
next to the little town and fishing village of Dona Paula. It
is also a popular picnic spot. You can take a ferry from here to Vasco da Gama. Resorts with
swimming pools and beach cottages are available in Dona Paula.

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The five-star deluxe hotel ± Cidade de Goa, stands on the lovely Vainguinim Beach. Their
USP is that their hotel is run by Goans, so they give you the complete Goan experience,
coupled with all the five star frills.

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The Sinquerim Beach in North Goa has a dramatic backdrop in the form of the 16th century
Fort Aguada. Sinquerim and Candolim beaches in North Goa are both popular with
backpackers, and tend to be a little more sober compared to the Calangute Beach. Built in
1612 by the Portuguese, the Fort Aguada is pretty much in ruins, but the view from the top of
the fort as you look down to the mouth of the Mandovi River, is simply breathtaking.

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Ever since the 60¶s, the flower children have not looked at another beach. They¶ve headed
straight for Calangute; their abode, their psychedelia, and their Mecca. God knows if they
ever found their existential-or-otherwise, µmeaning in life¶ but in their quest to do so, some of
them went too far for the local sensibilities. The result was police clampdowns, and other
drastic measures taken to control the µbunch of hippies¶ of the lost generation.

Though the beach is still pretty µactive¶ and the µOm Namah Shivai trance¶ continues to
linger; today, Calangute is a far cry from what it used to be. The shacks and palms have given
way to a rapidly-growing, package-tourist market, rows of shops, guesthouses and other
budget hotels. The tidy little fish market in town is worth a visit.

Baga formed a twin beach with Calangute, and therefore shares Calangute¶s colourful past.
Nestling close to the estuary, this beach has more character.

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Anjuna Beach in North Goa is a stretch of straight sand,

with a backdrop of feathery coconut groves. It¶s a big
favourite with backpackers and travellers staying on for a
long time. Anjuna beach took the relay from Calangute,
and became the next haven of the flower children. The
beach still has an intoxicating atmosphere and draws a
motley crowd of passover hippies, travellers, philosophers,
thinkers, babacools, rastamen and musicians. It¶s a great
place to meet?
 
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The old Portuguese Chapora Fort stands on a hill which looks down on the tiny Chapora
village, the estuary, the coconut groves and the beach. With their hidden sandy coves and
creeks, Chapora and Vagator North Goa beach are easily amongst the most beautiful beaches
in Goa. Besides the strip of the Little Vagator Beach , the North Goa beaches are quite
peaceful, as they are not yet a major hub for travellers.??
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Arambol served as the rudimentary getaway for travellers from Anjuna Beach when Anjuna
came under scrutiny of the police and the locals. Arambol North Goa Beach is a beautiful
stretch of silky sand dotted with basalt rocks, and is still comparatively uncluttered. There is a
freshwater lake and some sulphur springs, close by.


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The village of Bogmalo is 8km from Vasco da Gama. It has a pleasant beach with some nice
cafés. Bogmalo South Goa Beach also has the Park Plaza five-star hotel, which has been built
in disregard of the rule that disallows any construction till 500m of the beach.
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Not a long time ago, the spectacular beaches of Colva in
South Goa and Benaulim were sleepy fishing villages and
with practically no tourists, besides a few hippies whose
quest for life made them give up the psychedelic
pandemonium of Calangute. They erected palm shacks on
the beach and slept under the moon, pondering with Janis
Joplin, singing ³freedom¶s just another word for nothing
left to lose´.

Today, Majorda, and a part of Colva and Benaulim

beaches, have been replaced by plush hotels, restaurants,
shops and discos. But the beaches are still very beautiful, and once you get out of the main
hangout patches, you are without doubt in a tranquill, tropical Xanadu. Seafood in one of the
several beach shacks on Benaulim can be a very pleasant experience??
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5km from Benaulim, lies the up-market Varca, followed by the Cavelossim Beach in South
Goa. There are some excellent hotels here, and each resort is at some distance from the other.
A few budget hotels can also be found in the villages. The beaches are quite clean, and all in
all, a relatively peaceful getaway.

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Situated close to the estuary is the idyllic little fishing village of Betul in South Goa. The
village is spread around groves and gardens of coconut, jackfruit and banana. The jetty in
Betul is a good place to observe the hustle and bustle of Betul¶s everyday life. Colourful
boats filled with coir and fishes, and busy fisherfolk turned out in vibrant colours, make this a
truly interesting experience. Betul also has the awesome Leela Beach Resort, which has an
artificial lagoon.

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Dominated by cliffs and the Portuguese Cabo de Rama Fort is the little village of Agonda
lying on the straches of South Goa costal line. This beach here is simply gorgeous and totally
unspoilt, as it is not well connected by the local bus service. If you happen to be mobile, then
Agonda is a beach you have to soak in.

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52km from Panaji, 38km from Margao

Away from the coast, the Goan landscape breaks into the
dramatic and green foothills of the Western Ghats. These
foothills shelter the Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary; the
smallest wildlife reserve in Goa, which occupies an area of
80sq. km. The sanctuary has the sambar, gaur (Indian
bison) and wild boar, amongst others animals. Elephants
have been spotted here at times. Perhaps they come in
from across Karnataka to enjoy the sea breeze and check
out Goa. The sanctuary houses a botanical garden, a rose
garden, a small deer-park and a zoo, which was initially
established to shelter orphaned animals.

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At the confluence of the Mandovi and Mapusa Rivers lies the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary,
spread across an area of 2sq. km. in the Charoa Island. The wildlife sanctuary supports rich
mangrove forests, which are home to a host of birds, a sizeable population of flying foxes,
jackals, crocodiles, turtles and some other life forms endemic to coastal wildlife.

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It has a stretch of rich mangrove swamps, considered to be amongst the most important in
the country. Spread over a vast area, this wildlife sanctuary is home to about 20 different
species of mangroves that include the rare Kandelia candel species. The swamps support a
large variety of fish, birds, jackals, snakes, and crocodiles, to name a few.

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 60km from Panaji

Getting to the Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary is a little tedious; but if you are in the mood to be
in the middle of woods and discover the quieter side of Goa, the journey is well worth the
trouble. Catigao is Goa¶s second largest wildlife reserve. The 105sq. km. of forested land
provides shelter to a number of birds and animals. If you go with the intention of seeing some
of India¶s legendary fauna here, then you could be in for a disappointment, as spotting the
more famous wild animals is not extremely common. But the expansive forestland is a
welcome change.

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Margao is Goa¶s second largest town and a bustling commercial centre. Frequented by
travellers, this central Goan town has an old-worldly charm about it because of its old
Portuguese churches, and fine country houses decked with dark rosewood furniture. The
imposing Church of the Holy Spirit is worth a visit. The monument contains some impressive
pillars, beautiful carvings of the Apostles, and some noteworthy statues, that makes it a worth
visiting site on your Goa tour in India.The covered Old Market with its colourful atmosphere
and life should not to be missed. Some interesting old villas on Abade Fariar Road, like the
De Silva House and the Seven Shoulders, are open to visitors. This prosperous city is now
linked with the rest of the country by the Konkan railways.

   
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Close to the important industrial town of Vasco da Gama lies the main port of Goa, in
Marmagoa. The town has some industries and not very much else besides the highly
dilapidated ruins of a fort, and an ironic history, which classifies it as µthe town that never
was¶. Well, leaving the dramatics aside, Marmagoa was the site that was first chosen to be the
capital of the Portuguese Empire. This is why, in 1685, the construction of the fort started
along with the founding of a township. The Viceroy even moved to Marmagoa in 1703, but
the Maratha warriors (term used for Shivaji and other Hindus originating from Maharashtra,
who fought against foreign rulers) attacked the site repeatedly, and Old Goa was made the
capital instead. Thus Marmagoa is more or less the Fatehpur Sikri of Goa. But with the
harbour starts another lore. One can take a brake in Marmagoa and spend part of the Goa
vacations to enjoy the the port activities, the port is one of India¶s finest natural harbours. If
you have it in you to extricate yourself from the beaches, a sunset walk around the harbour
can be a pleasant change.

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 69km from Panaji
Situated in west Goa, the Mahadeva Temple in Tambdi Surla, is the state¶s only prominent
reminder of the pre-Portuguese temple architecture. Maintained by the ASI (Archeological
Survey of India), this 12th century temple boasts of some fine reliefs on the shikhara (spire)
depicting a plethora of gods and goddesses. Do not miss the impressive carved wall near the
entrance, and the chiselled monolith pillars on your travel vacations in Marmagoa.


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Old Goa, the erstwhile capital of the Portuguese, that

rivalled Lisbon in the 16th century, is now but a dilapidated
old village. But this old town is definitely a must see. The
town is almost an archeological museum with its
spectacular cathedrals (including Sé Cathedral which is
said to be the biggest church in Asia) and various other
monuments. Some buildings are rather dilapidated while
others are being maintained by the ASI (Archeological
Survey of India).

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St Catherine¶s Cathedral or Sé Cathedral,Sé Cathedral is believed to be the largest church in
Asia, it has an 80m long isle, and four chapels on either side of the church. The cathedral was
once crowned by two towers, one of which collapsed in 1776. The remaining tower still
stands tall and supports a lovely old bell. With a little imagination, it is possible to try and
picture the edifice with both the towers intact; that lends a semblance of symmetry to the
edifice. Try it. The main altar is beautifully gilded, and showcases paintings on the life of St
Catherine of Alexandria. There is an art gallery in the church and the view from the top of the
tower is not to be missed.??
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Some other churches are worth a visit as well. The µHoly Hill¶ houses the Church of our Lady
of the Rosary. Built in 1526, it is one of the oldest churches in Goa, and has some interesting
frescos with Hindu and Islamic designs. The triple-storeyed monument of the Convent of St
Monica, was believed to be one of the largest convents under the Portuguese Empire. Built in
the early 17th century, the convent has a huge courtyard with a garden in the centre. Today
the monument is a centre for theological studies. The Church of St Cajetan is yet another
beautiful church, built in 1665 by a few Italian friars. It is modelled on St Peter¶s Basilica in
Rome. This grand monument with its two belfries and a dome in the centre, stands close to
the pretty ferry wharf.

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Ponda can be described as the Hindu heart of Goa. It is

famous for the five important temples that are situated
around the town, and also has the largest mosque in Goa.
Most of these temples look relatively new as they have
been restored after being destroyed by the Portuguese.
That explains why there are no temples around the coast,
which was the prime territory of the Portuguese. Besides
the regular tourist who likes to spent his holiday vacations
in Ponda, the city is also considered as a pilgrimage center
for the devotees who come to worship and seek blessings
from the holy deities. Ponda is also an important transport
link.

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Adil Shah constructed the Safa Mosque in 1560. The architectural style of the mosque is
predominantly Goan, with the exception of the arches that indicate a distinct Bijapuri
influence (for more information on the Bijapuri Style of architecture, see Bijapur). The
mosque has a beautiful backdrop of wooded low hills that rise in the background.

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temple is built on a hilltop amidst sprawling farmlands. The temple has shrines of Parvati
(consort of Shiva ± Destroyer of the Universe) and Ganesha (the elephant-god of Prosperity
and Wisdom). A beautiful seven-storeyed deepstambha (lamp tower), typical of Goan temple
architecture, stands in the temple complex.
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The Nagesh Temple is situated 4km west of Ponda. Nagesh or the µGod of Serpents¶ refers to
Shiva (Destroyer of the Universe). The temple was built in 1413. The mandapa (an assembly
hall, generally pillared, preceding the sanctum sanatorium) has woodcarvings that narrate
stories from the Hindu epics ± Ramayana and Mahabharata. The temple compound also
houses a five-storeyed deepstambha. Not far from the Nagesh Temple, is located the
Mahalakshmi Temple, dedicated to Goddess Durga (the Goddess of War). According to the
date inscribed in Marathi on the temple, the monument could have been built in 1413.

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Set amidst tranquill forests and hills, the Shantadurga Temple lies 3km from Ponda in
Queula. Shantadurga, one of the consorts of Shiva, is a form of Durga (the Goddess of War)
and the Goddess of Peace. Legend has it that once, the Destroyer and the Preserver had a
mammoth fight that plunged the entire universe into chaos. Shantadurga stepped in as the
arbitrator and succeeded in reconciling the warring parties, thus saving the universe from
eternal doom. The temple makes a preferred holiday pilgrimage center for the devotees
thronging from far and wide. Hence she stands in the temple shrine in between Shiva and
Vishnu (Preserver of the Universe) as a symbol of peace.

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Called Panjim by the Portuguese, Panaji is the state capital

of Goa. Unlike many capital cities, Panaji has a distinct
unhurried character. It is situated on the southern banks of
the Mandovi River, which makes this town all the more
charming. Typical of a Goan town, Panaji is built around a
church facing a prominent square.

The town has some beautiful Portuguese Baroque style

buildings and enchanting old villas. The riverside,
speckled with brightly whitewashed houses with wrought
iron balconies, offers a fine view. Trudge around town in
the cobbled alleys to see quaint old taverns and cafés with
some atmosphere, and practically notourists.These are a good places to travel and meet the
local people. 


 

 
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On the border of Karnataka and Goa, the Dudhsagar Falls
drop to a spectacular 600m. Believed to be amongst the
highest falls in the country, these magnificent falls are
located in a blissful tropical jungle with crisscrossing
streams, making it an ideal destination for travel vacation
in Goa. sThe falls drop down to form a few pools, which
are absolutely delightful for a swim. Take care to ensure
that the pool you go into is relatively calm. The sure-
footed adventurers could try and climb up to the head of
the falls through bushes, boulders and water. It¶s a tough
climb which takes at least a couple of hours, but the mind-
blowing view from the top is well worth the effort.

  
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Besides other adventure sports options available in India,

the sub-continent is fast attaining world recognition, as a
perfect destination for a hang gliding, hand gliding
adventure sport in India.
India's vast and diverse geographic features offer a variety
of sites and absolute flying conditions, almost anything a
para glider pilot could wish for, flying through mighty
Himalayas, flying over the blue seas or flying over the vast
desert regions of India.


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The north India - the abode of 'the mighty Himalayas' --the biggest mountain range in the
world offers challenging conditions for hand paragliding to the flying lovers. The Himalayan
region of Ladakh and Zanskar faces rough weather where the winds are unpredictable and
sandstorms blow up within minutes, here heavy - duty gear is required with excellent skills
over flying.

Towards the lower Himalayas, the states like Himachal Pradesh and Uttranchal offers a
perfect site for hang para gliding.
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Coastal flying is possible from the cliffs of north Goa, Rantnagari and other smaller seaside
villages on the western coast. Here the calm sea breezes flows through the region, creating
magical lift bands that gives pilots a pleasure of a smooth flying.
Later in the evening as the sunsets in the horizon the wind speeds lessen down, the enthusiast
soar for hours on end and cruise comfortably into the sunset.
At the bottom of the Indian peninsular, Ooty and Kodaikanal also have ample opportunities
for this adventurous sports.

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Accommodation, food, transportation and the healthy flying conditions prompt the serious
pilots to look forward to spend a few months in the flying zones of India to improve their
flying skills and enjoy the hang para gliding sports up to its full core.

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Bungee Jumping Great Adventure Sports, is both a

spectacular attraction and an exhilarating experience for all
who participate, attracting people from a wide background
and a broad spectrum of age groups. The average age of
jumpers is between 16 and 40, but the limit is 14 to 50.
Spectators of all ages stand in awe, witnessing the many
people who just have to do it.

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Bungee Jumping Great Adventure Sports originated on the

South Pacific Island of Vanuatu with the natives
performing it as part of their manhood ritual, leaping from
bamboo towers with only wines tied to their ankles.

The world¶s first great Bungee jump, occurred on April Fools Day 1979, when four jumpers?


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Diving, Windsurfing, Yachting, Scuba Diving and
Snorkeling. Those visiting Goa will find ample
opportunity to indulge in all kinds of water sports.
However, serious water freaks should head for the
sparkling blue (and strictly preserved) waters of the
Andaman and Lakshwadeep Islands.

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The Andaman offers some excellent locations for water
adventure sports. Snorkeling; it is better to bring your own
equipment to take up the sport.
Scuba diving have ample opportunities in islands, there are
schools, offering diving courses have mushroomed all over the place. The best is easily the
Port Blair Underwater Diver Center in the South Andaman that offers an internationally
recognized PADI affiliated Open Water Diver Certificate course.

 

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Goa State Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (GSIDC) is a wholly

owned Government Company of the Government of Goa registered under the
Companies Act, 1956, with the Registrar of Companies, Panaji-Goa. The Registrar
of Companies has allotted Certificate of Incorporation
No.U75112GA2001SGC002954 (CIN) dated 20/02/2001. The Government of Goa
makes a provision in the State Budget towards Share Capital /contribution for the
company to meet its funds requirements. The capital structure of the company is

1. Authorised Capital Rs.5,00,00,000.00

2. Subscribed Capital Rs.3,10,00,660.00

 3. Paid up Capital Rs.3,10,00,060.00

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GSIDC has been floated by the Government of Goa as a Special Purpose Vehicle
(SPV) for speedy implementation of all the Infrastructural Projects, envisaged by
the Government like Roads, Bridges, Fly-Overs, Bus-Stands, Hospitals, Tourism
related Projects, etc., all over the State on the similar lines of similar Corporations
in other States. This would help in development of infrastructural facilities all over
the State of Goa. This Corporation would act as a co-ordinating agency for
implementing all the projects.

The registered office of the Company is -

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7th Floor, EDC House,

Dr. Atmaram Borkar Road,
Panaji, Goa 403 001
 91-832-6645769 - 73

"91-832-2226256


email@gsidcltd.com

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€? Construction of bridge at Khareband.

€? Design and construction of bridge over Kushavati River at Adem, Sanguem

Taluka.

€? Design & Construction of Bridge over river Uguem connecting villages Uguem
and Kalay including approach roads.

€? Design & Construction of bridge across river Zuari at Sanvordem including

approach roads.

€? Construction of bridge at Rawanfond.

€? Design and construction of Bridge over river Satrem at Satrem, Sattari Taluka.

€? Construction of Bridge across River Sal at Mungul on Margao ± Colva road.

 €? Construction of bridge across Chapora River between Pirna and Ozorim
including approaches

€? Construction of Bridge across Baga creek at Baga including approaches

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€? Upgradation and Improvement of roads leading to Beaches in Pernem Phase ± I
Chopdem - Mandrem

€? Improvement and Upgradation of the existing MDR from Dandevaddo to Chandor

via Sarzora and Guddi in Cuncolim Constituency.

€? Construction of rumbler strips (4 in no.) and traffic signboards near Goa Institute of
Management, Ribandar.

€? Strengthening and Hot Mixing of road from Sanquelim to Karnataka State Border
via Keri (Sattari Taluka) from Ch 0.00 to Ch. 26.50 Kms.

€? Improvement and Upgradation of road network at Piligao, Curti, Ponda Town and
Chodan.

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€? Construction of library building at Margao, Goa - Additional furniture item

€? Construction of Yatri Niwas at GMC Complex, Bambolim, Goa.

€? Construction of Panchayat Ghar and Market Complex at Village Panchayat Neura in

St. Andre Constituency - Phase I Land Development.

€? Development work of Government Village School Playground at Goa Velha,

Tiswadi, Goa - Phase I Land Development

€? Construction of Multipurpose Hall and office building for Village Panchayat,

Salvador do Mundo.Phase I Land development.

€? Taleigao Hall and Land Development

 €? Signages for the Community Hall at Taleigao.

€? Construction of Library Buildiing at Margao - Interior Design.

€? Construction of Library Building at Margao, Goa - Softlandscaping.

€? Construction of Community Hall in the Morlem Rehabilitation Colony in Sattari

Taluka
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€? Construction of Bus Stand at Canacona - Phase II

€? Construction of Bus Stand at Shiroda - Phase II

€? Hotmixing at Margao Bus Stand.

€? Construction of Bus Stand at Valpoi - Phase I Land Development.

€? Construction of Bus Stand at Canacona - Phase I Land Development

€? Signages work at Canacona Bus Stand

€? Landscaping works at Canacona Bus Stand

€? Construction of Bus Stand at Shiroda - Phase I Land Development

€? Construction of Bus Stand at Honda - Phase I Levelling of Plot & retaining wall.


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€? Cansaulim Sports Complex,

€? Construction of Library Block at Goa Medical College Complex, Panaji, Goa.

€? Extension of temporary jetty near Kala Academy.

€? Construction of Institute of Nursing Education Complex at Bambolim, Goa.

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€? Construction of District Hospital at Mapusa, Goa - Civil, Electrical and Plumbing
Works

€? 450 Bedded Ward Block at GMC

€? Community Health Centre at Canacona

€? Dental College Hostel, Bambolim

€? Bio Medical equipments Package - I (hospital plant) (A) Steel Operation Theatre
for District Hospital at Mapusa

€? Bio Medical equipments Package - I (hospital plant) (B) Mortuary cabinet for
District Hospital at Mapusa, Goa

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€? Construction of bridge between Tharmas to Ozari Sangaowada in Dha
Constituency

€? Construction of Bridge on Khandepar river at Codli ± Dabal, Goa.

€? Construction of single lane bridge in village Dongrim, Village Panchayat Azzos

Mandur

€? Construction of bridge at Guleli - Padeli in Sattari Taluka, Goa.

€? Design & Construction of bridge at Cumbarjua on RCC bored pile foundations

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€? Construction of Central Library Building at Patto, Panaji - Civil Works.

€? Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant at Sanquelim

 €? Construction of Ravindra Bhavan at Sanquelim, Goa ± Phase I Civil, plumbi
land development, electrical (part)

€? Restoration of old Secretariat Building to make it a Center of Art & Culture.

€? Construction of Central Library Building at Patto, Panaji, Goa - Electrical work.

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€? Supply Installation Testing & Commissioning of Bio Medical Equipment (Part I)
Ray for District Hospital at Mapusa.

€? Demolition and reconstruction of 220 bedded hospital in place of Public Hea

Cente (I. D. Hospital) at Sadar Ponda Goa.

€? Construction of building with compound wall for 30 bedded hospital at Bicholim

Civil, Plumbing & Electrical works

€? Face-lift to Tisk Usgao Hospital building including staff quarters - Civil & Plumb
work

€? Demolition and reconstruction of 220 bedded hospital in place of Public Hea

Center (I. D. Hospital) at Sadar Ponda Goa ± Fire Fighting, Fire Alarm & Pub
Address System.
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It was tears and chanting of prayers that mark the departure of a fleet of four ships from a
Portuguese harbor late in the fifteenth century, in search of a new tread route to India. Aft
a year of sailing, the sea-faring Portuguese had finally anchored their sail in this remote
location on the Indian subcontinent.
Slowly, with the increase in commercial traffic more and more Portuguese merchants and
businessmen came and set up their hold in this small beautiful coastal town-Goa, by the
Arabian Sea. This is sure that you will never forgot your Goa Tour India

Following the expansion and consolidation of Portuguese Empire ± Portuguese langua

culture and the legacy of values and ideals of Christianity has been strongly felt in
region. Goa Tourism India. Today this land of golden beaches ³Goa´ identifies itself as
³Pearl of the Orient´ and a ³Tourist Paradise´.

The arrival of the hippies in the sixties is the turning point in the history of Goa Tra
Tourism, and since then Goa continues to be India¶s premier beach resort, provid
unlimited bliss to thousands of international and domestic tourists every ye
Goa Tourism. So beautifully it blends the legacies of its Portuguese ancestors and Ind
tradition that one can only end up loving every bit of his stay in Goa. The Gothic Church
Goa Forts, colonial buildings, temples and shrines, villages and Mediterranean hamlets
reflects the colorful and unhurried lifestyle of Goa. However, the true Goan spirit is found
its endless stretches of golden sands that house some of the world¶s finest beaches. G
Tourism India. Goa Beaches India are equipped with best of facilities to make your v
more exciting

Whether you want a fun filled family holiday in the beach, midnight bonfire with a glass
Feni or beer on the sands, go shopping around by the beachside markets, enjoy some exo
cuisine, play water sports or just relaxed with only the murmur of the sea to disturb, ther
a beach destination for all kinds of beach lovers in Goa. Staying in Goa Hotels India
always an excellent experience.

Located in the Sahayadri Range in the Western Ghats with the Arabian Sea on its west, G
occupies an important place in all tourist itineraries in India.

There are six main rivers-- the Mandovi, Terekhol (Tiracol), Zuari, Chapora, Sal a
Talpona, which weave their way throughout the state forming the inland waterways. A b
ride on river Mandovi is an experience that you will never forget.

Goan cuisine combines the influences of different cultures that the place endures over
centuries. Here the sea and rivers are rich with seafood like - prawns, mackerels, sardin
crabs and lobsters, which are popular among the locals and visito

Though Goa retains the unhurried and charming attitude throughout the year, the per
between February to March is the best time to be in Goa. It is the time of Goa Festiv
when the streets come alive with full color followed by a week long festival of sing
 dancing, loud music, historical plays, lots to eat, floats and processions

Welcome to Goa ± India¶s most demanding tours and travel destination. Goa  

globally famous for its pristine beaches that provide wonderful opportunity to en
vacation in India in a delightful and memorable way. Goa tourismis primarily based on
formula i.e. sun, sand and sea. Immediately after the Portuguese left India and Goa joi
Indian union, it was opened for tourismand infrastructure was developed to cater to
needs of the international tourists. m
 
  have gained popularity very fast due to
superb beaches, wildlife parks and sanctuaries, rocking carnival, rich heritage and cultu
beauty. Tourism of this beautiful state has unparallel charm and beauty that lures tourists
only from India, but from around the globe for a memorable holidays in Goa, India.

Truly this beautiful beach destination is Tourist¶s Paradise, be it for an adventure t

honeymoon vacation, historical trip, wildlife tour or a leisure vacation with families
friends. Tourism of Goa is for one and all and so this beach destination is visited by sco
of tourists from all the nook and corner of the world. Embark on Goa toursand explore
beauty of the Gothic churches, marvelous forts, colonial buildings, heritage temples a
shrines, pristine beaches, rocking carnival, colorful fairs and festivals, etc. All these are tr
wonderful and are the golden facets of tourism of GoaIndia that are unmatched and beyo
words to describe.

Beside all,  
 
m
has highly flourished due to its rich culture and traditions. It
a wonderful past and till date its can be seen in its myriad aspects that lures tourists i
large number till date and continues. Its Gothic churches, ruined and flourishing temp
picturesque beaches, cultural festivals and its mouthwatering sea food and cuisines, all ma
 
   m
, a flourishing industry. Well every one wants to visit this amaz
holidaying destination in their lifetime, but the lucky few get the change to enjoy holid
and explore its unmatched beauty. So, book our tailor made Goa tour package and expl
the fascinating attractions and charm of this beautiful state of Goa, India in a delightful
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memorable way.
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c c  
 
 
Goa, also known as the ³Rome of the East´, is famous for tourism world-wide. Tourism is the
mainstay of the Goan economy and is the main contributor to the exchequer. Besides tourism,
mining, farming and fishing are the other important occupations of the people. Tourism
caught the imagination of the people in the world in the 1980s and Goa, due to its natural
beauty coupled with the charming Portuguese influence and culture, became a favorite
destination for hordes of tourists from all over the world. The Government of Goa has already
declared tourism as an industry with effect from 01-04-2000. The master plan for the
tourism development has already been prepared by the state and the Tourism Policy of the
state has already been framed, but all this has to be implemented properly if we want tourism
to be a success story for the state. (Tourist Statistics 2006-07, Department Of Tourism, Goa)
But the number of tourists descending upon Goa is stretching the limits of what can be
handled by the state¶s infrastructure. It is a small state, measuring around 140 km from North
to South and just 65 Kmfrom East to West. In many cases, the burden of tourism has started
creating a lot of problems for the
locals. Most tourists visit Goa primarily for beach tourism; and although Goa is famous for
many otherthings (like its old and artistic temples and churches), most of the tourists, both
Indian and foreign, comewith the dual focus of the beaches and the alcohol (which is
available cheaply in Goa). In this paper, Ipropose to examine various aspects of tourism and
examine them in the light of Goan economy and society.Tourism is a big business all over the
world, and one that is continuously growing. The modern world isfull of stress and people
search new ways to relax themselves and become refreshed and rejuvenated.

ÔFc c
c 
The definition of a tourist adopted by the UNO is as follows
³Any person visiting a country, other than that in which he usually resides, for a period of at
least 24 hours´

India has adopted the following definition to recognize a tourist

³A person who travels to a country other than that in which he has his usual residence, the
main purpose ofwhose visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within
the country visited and isstaying for a period of at least one night but not more than one year
in that country´ (Rai, L 1993)

 [ÔF
c
cc
c  

Goa, as was mentioned earlier is a small state, with a total population of 13.48 lakhs as per
the 2001 census.Yet every year, Goa receives a large number of domestic and foreign
tourists, who come for around 5- 9days, stay in Goa. India received a total of 3915324
tourists in 2005, while during the same time Goa was
visited by 336803 tourists (foreign)Goa receives the largest number of tourist from UK
followed by Russia. Besides, tourists from Germany,
Finland, France, Switzerland, USA and many other countries also visit the state. The
domestic touristcomes from all over India, as Goa is a very popular tourist¶s destination. The
table shows the number ofdomestic and foreign tourist who have visited the state from 2000
to 2006.Many of the tourists arrive in Goa directly by the charted flights and the table below
shows the number ofsuch tourists who have arrived and the number of chartered flights that
have come to Goa from variouscountries in the world. The rest of the tourists arrive at
Mumbai or Delhi and then come to Goa to visit theplace.


ÔF
c ÔÔ
 Ô
India has registered a phenomenal growth in tourism of varying types. Goa has an area of
3702 Sq. Km. oflush green mountains, blue waters and white sands, winding rivers and
picturesque villages with local flora\and fauna. It is thus capable of offering a wide variety of
entertainment for the discerning tourist and the
state has the capacity to diversify into newer fields for the future. People all over the world
are aware thatGoa has very beautiful beaches and in recent years, Goa had been actively
projected by the GoaGovernment as a destination of ³Sun, Sand and Smiles´ which was later
on changed to ³Goa - 365 Days aholiday´. But in the process, Goa¶s great cultural heritage
and other types of potential tourism have beenneglected thanks to this overemphasis on
Beach Tourism
Some of the types of tourism are as follows
1[Ô D
c As Goa has a 105 km coast line, the beaches of Goa are a very
important touristattraction. From Keri in the north to Palolem in the south, Goa has many
world famous beaches likeArambol, Colva (longest beach in Goa), Anjuna (known for its flea
market), Calangute (most popular andcrowded), Palolem and many other small lesser known
beaches where the tourists can relax, soak up thesun and feast on the local cuisine (photos of
various beaches will be shown during the presentation)

2. Ô
Ô
c It has recently become very popular in India. It involves the
exploration ofremote areas and exotic locales and engaging in various activities like trekking,
white water rafting, camelsafaris, paragliding, rock climbing etc. Goa has a very good
potential for activities like trekking,paragliding, dolphin sighting boating, and mountain
climbing. (photos on camel safari, paragliding, boatingin Goa etc will be presented )

3. c

cFÔ
c  India has a rich forest cover, where we find some very beautiful and
exoticspecies of wildlife. Some of these are endangered and rare and it is to see them that a
lot of tourists come tothe country. Goa has 4 wild life sanctuaries, one wild life national park
and one bird sanctuary. Almost 60% of the Goan area is protected area. Around 1.25 lakhs
tourist visit these sanctuaries every year. Goa hasa variety of flora and fauna which could be
used to attract tourists to these places. Goa also has twobeautiful lakes, at Mayem and
Carambolim, where migratory birds are sighted in large numbers (photos ofcrocodiles and of
cranes and other birds will be shown during the presentation. Photographs of the wildlife
sanctuaries in Goa will also be shown)

4. Ôc

c  Medical tourism is a recent phenomenon in Goa. Many world class
medicalhospitals like Apollo and Vivus have been started in Goa, which provide world class
facilities at a fractionof the corresponding cost abroad. Foreigners from many developed
countries prefer to come to Goa for avariety of treatment ranging from dental surgery,
hearing problems, knee replacements to even heartsurgery. (Photos will be shown during the
presentation). This is a market where Goa has potential forfurther development and the
government should take steps to see that this market can be sustained andincreased medical
tourism can be promoted in the future.

5c
c Ô
c  As with the rest of India, Goa too is famous for its religious
places and it is amajor reason why tourists all over the world come to these places to visit
them. The World Heritage Site atOld Goa is a major tourist attraction with a large number of
churches such as St Cajetan, Our Lady of theMount, St Francis of Assisi Church and
Convent, Basilica of Bom Jesus, Se Cathedral,Church of Our Ladyof Rosary,
theArchaeological Museum, the Christian Art Museum, the ruins of the Church
andMonasteryof St Augustine, The Chapel of St Catherine, the Viceroy¶s Arch, Chapel of St
Anthony (opposite the ruinsof the Church of St Augustine) Convent of Santa Monica.
Besides this there are many other beautifulchurches and temples all over Goa. A few
kilometers away from Old Goa, we have the famous Mangueshiand Mardol temples as well
as the Saptakoteshwar temples at Narve (photos of churches and other templeswill be shown
during the presentation ).

6. 



c  Goa is a land of rich and diverse culture and people of different
religions(Hindus, Muslims and Christians) live peacefully together in harmony and they are
famous for their owntraditions and culture. Goa is famous for the Carnival and the IFFI.
Besides, Bonderam (Divar) , Sangodd(Boat festival) and Taranga are also famous. Goa is
known for traditional cultural dances and songs(Mandos, Fugddies, Goff, Godemodni and
many others) (photographs of some cultural events will bedisplayed)

7. Dc
Ô


c India has a rich amalgamation of various architectural
styles where theinfluence of many dynasties and many cultures can be seen. Some of the
important places include Dilwaratemples at Rajasthan, Taj Mahal at Agra, Victoria terminus
and Fort Area in Mumbai, Red Fort at Delhi,etc. Goa too has an architecturally rich heritage
which could be projected by the government as touristplaces. Goa has many forts
likeChapora, Teracol and Alorna which can be used to attract the tourists.

8 
c Goa is a land of peace and tranquility. ³Susegad´ - roughly meaning
³laid-back´ -that is how the Goans are traditionally known. The hinterlands of Goa, far from
the noise of the city, areperfect for yoga and meditations. The peaceful villages, where the
occasional lowing of a cow is the onlylikely disturbance, are a perfect backdrop for such a
type of tourism. Goa has not concentrated on this atpresent, but there is a hugh potential for
this type of activity.

9. F  
c This is not presently a part of the tourist portfolio but it has a
tremendous potentialfor the future. Goa, with its lush green fields, could easily exploit this
resource in the future. Some of theways in which this could be achieved could be through the
techniques of renting trees, animals, farms totourists where they can come and spend some
time on the farm and also learn how the farm operates andhow to take care of the animals and
the trees.

10. [ 
Ô
c  Goa is crisscrossed with rivers flowing from the eastern
Sahyadri Range to thewestern Arabian Sea. From north to south, the following rivers,
Tiracol, Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, Sal andTalpona, flow windingly through villages and give
support to the local economy, either for agriculture oror fishing. Sight seeing can be done
from the water instead of the road. The inland cruises could havelanding points near the spice
gardens, churches and temples so that the tourist can see the important placestoo along with
the scenic river trip. The Alorna fort too can be an attractive attraction for backwater tourism


c [
Ô
c 





Sustainability is a characteristic of a process or state that can be maintained at a certain level
indefinitely.
Thus it is a process that takes care of ³tomorrow´ as well as ³today´, conserving resources
where necessaryto ensure continuity.Sustainable tourism thus attempts to make minimal
impact on the environment and local culture, whilehelping to generate income and
employment for locals, as well as to promote the conservation of localecosystems. It is
responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.
As tourism grows at a high rate, it tends to place a great stress on the diverse habitats and
these will bedestroyed. Indiscriminate tourism could very easily destroy, or at least
irretrievably damage, the flora andthe fauna of the state. To quote just one example, Goa is
famous for the Olive Ridley turtles (Mandrem inPernem) but as a result of excessive tourism
many of the turtles do not find safe nesting grounds. The verypromotion of ³eco holiday ´ in
the area by the hoteliers are defeating the purpose as littering the beach andovercrowding do
not allow the turtles to hatch safely.Sustainable tourism is especially important for a small
state like Goa since the influx of both Indian andforeign tourists is increasing very year. Goa
being a tiny state, the carrying capacity of the state in terms ofthe size, facilities available and
the ecological fragility should be thoroughly studied and taken intoconsideration while
allowing tourism; only then would such tourism be beneficial, in the long run, for thestate
and the people. The stake holders in sustainable tourism i.e. Community-based management,
nongovernmentalorganizations, tourists and locals all should be trained to see that the fragile
Goan ecosystemdoes not suffer as a result of excessive tourism.Tourists, who promote
sustainable tourism are aware of these dangers and seek to protect touristdestinations, and to
protect tourism as an industryThe local community has an important role to play in
sustainable tourism and will have to keep thefollowing points in mind if they wish that,
tourism continues to be the mainstay for the economy of thestate

1. [Ô
Ô The local people should be courteous to the tourists and help them to
have awonderful holiday so that they may go back to their places and send more tourists to
the state. This word ofmouth publicity will do wonders for the state tourism.

‡  
D  
DÔ
c
 Many of the tourists from foreign countries are so very
different from thelocals that the locals harass them by staring at them and following them
unnecessarily

‡  
ÔD Ô
DÔ
c
 Goa is a place where the tourists are fleeced (
transport, food, stay) andhence very often the tourism industry is faces a bad impact of this
overcharging

‡  
FÔ
c

[
 tourists in Goa, and other tourist

places face a lot ofharassment from the local venders ,especially small children
whocontinuously follow the tourists andinsist that they buy the products


Ô c Ô

c  
F
c 

c
cÔc  

1. Financial contributions.(one of the largest contributor to the exchequer)
2. Improving environmental management and planning.
3. Increasing the environmental awareness.
4. Alternate employment.

Ô
cÔc  

Negative impact of tourism occurs when the level of visitors¶ use is greater than the
environmental abilityto cope with the situation within the acceptable limits of change.
Uncontrolled tourism poses potential threats to the natural areas including

1. Depletion of resources (especially water)

2. Pressure on land and resources (to set up hotels and other facilities)
3. Land degradation (due to nature trails and other facilities to the tourists
4. Pollution ( air, water, noise)
Ô
c 
Some of the suggestions that I would like to give to improve the tourism industry and make it
moresustainable include

1. cÔcFc 
DÔ Ô F
c  the tourism industry in Goa has mainly
concentrated on beachtourism and neglected other forms of tourism to a large extent. My
suggestion is that Goa should diversifyinto other areas , like farm and yoga tourism which
have the potential for future growth and development

2.
 c c 
DÔcÔ 
DÔ


Ô
Ô The local people should be trained
in hospitality servicesand the guides should be trained to provide the necessary and the
correct information to the tourist.

3 c
c 
DÔ


 
DÔcÔF 
DÔ
c
F
ÔcÔ the prices of the goods andservices in Goa are very high, and hence many
tourists are discouraged from shopping and buying localitems. The local people too, find the
cost of living very high and very often the local people cannot affordto purchase their daily
requirements. The government should keep a control on the prices of the products so
that the local people and the tourist do not suffer.

4. c c 
DÔc F 

ÔÔÔ c


DÔ
 
for tourism,

transport is very important andin Goa we have variety of transport facilities .Motorcycle
pilots are a unique feature of Goa where a personcan travel any distance on a hired bike.
Besides we also have many tourist taxis and other buses, but therates charged for a small
distance are exorbitant. Most of the rickshaws and taxies do not charge by meter.The public
transport facility should be strengthened so that the tourists can visit the place of their choice
ata very cheap rate.

5. c c 
DÔ FÔ
ÔÔc

F Ô . Today many tourist women are

facing many problemsfrom the local people, especially as they do not maintain the hours and
come back to the hotel or guesthouses late at night. Many of the foreign women have faced
molestation and other problems in Goa.

6. c
c c  

 
DÔ[Ô DÔ . The beaches in Goa are very dangerous
for swimming dueto the changes in tides. Even after the posting of lifeguards and many
warning signs, foreign and othertourists go swimming, especially when they are drunk and
the number of the dead by drowning hasincreased tremendously. The government and the
local people should undertake steps to educate the touristsabout the dangers of swimming in
the seas. Trained lifeguards should be placed at all the major beaches,with life boats and life
belts.








c


Ô 
D
0
Dynamism in the Tourism and Hospitality industries.
2. Continuous inflow of Tourists in the country.
3. India¶s rich cultural heritage.
4. Low labour costs as against the world standards.

Ô  ÔÔ
1. Regional imbalance of hotels.
2. Capital intensive
3. Labour intensive.
4. High taxes and tariffs for every service.
5. Disparity in taxes charged by various States.
6. Lack of aggressive and effective marketing and promotional strategies.
7. Land availability is a major hurdle for any hotel project. Release of land at prime locations
isdifficult because large tracts of land in such locations come under the Government¶s
control.
8. The prohibitive cost of power in India.
9. High government duty on power tariffs


 c
cÔ
1. Influx of MNCs in the country after liberalization. This has led to a flurry of industrial
activityin the country and thus an increased demand for the hotel.
2. Declaration of the Hotel Industry as a ³High Priority Industry´.
3. Government policy of positioning hotel and other tourism related activities in the private
sector.
4. Various incentives/concessions extended by the Government.
5. Approval of the hotel by the Department of Tourism. This approval constitutes a certificate
ofsuitability of the hotel for occupancy by tourists, both foreign and domestic.
6. Higher interest subsidy for hotel projects that are set up in special areas and specified
destinations as per the Government.
7. Introduction of the Capital Subsidy scheme for the Heritage class of hotels.
8. Declaration of the hotel and tourism industry as a high priority industry for
foreigninvestment.
9. Liberalization of imports and concessional customs duty.

DÔ

1. Significant over capacity in places like Madras and Goa.
2. Dual pricing is a major deterrent (Indian and Foreign tourists).
3. The continuous change of Governments over the past years has led to a slowdown in both
foreign investment and business travel.
4. High capital costs combined with long gestation periods

5. Inadequate infrastructure development in terms of international airports, roads,

communication facilities, cost of communication etc.
?
 
c 

In conclusion, I would like to put forth the submission that tourism has an important place in
the economyof Goa, but this has to be carried out in a very systematic manner. Only when the
Government and the localpeople come together, implement the policy, which has been
framed, it in a vigorous manner, tourism willbe a boon else it will be a burden to the tiny
beautiful state of Goa.
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DÔÔ c [Ô
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