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Running Head: PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT

DOES PERSONALITY INFLUENCE

PREFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SURROUNDINGS?

{ Name Hidden }

AP Psychology
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PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Abstract

Preference for one environment over another should be influenced by personality, though

little research exists in this field. In this study, correlations between personality traits according to

the Myers-Briggs Typology Index and preferred environment is explored. 46 participants, the

average being a midwestern high-schooled female aged 16, 17, or 18, took a personality test

according to the MBTI, and answered a questionnaire with queries regarding preferences on

focused (work) and relaxed (party) environments, seasons, and colors. The degrees of personality

results were weighed against the degrees of social/interactivity of the environments to compile

scatterplots for correlation. Negative correlations exist between increasing extroverted, perceiving,

feeling personality tendencies, and preference for increasingly solitary or less interactive work and

party environments. Additionally, preferences regarding season and color were weighed against

personality, and correlations were discovered in this area as well. This study reveals the correlation

between personality and preferred environment. Its results are conclusive enough to draw attention

to the lack of research in the subject, while some areas remain inconclusive enough to necessitate

further study of the possible correlations.

.
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Does Personality Influence Preferences for Environment and Surroundings?

Personality is by far one of the most-researched subjects in the field of psychology.

Personality-associated theories, studies, and disorders relate to most public "psychological" media

and discussion; from childhood we learn to categorize ourselves as introverted or extroverted,

overachievers, free thinkers, strong-willed, etc. Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of

analytical psychology, wrote his Psychological Types (1921) on his own theory, that all people can

be classified according to three criteria: Extroversion/Introversion defines a person's source and

direction of energy expression; Sensing/Intuition defines the method of information perception; and

Thinking/Feeling defines the way this information is processed.

In the 1940s and 50s, Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers built on

Jung's ideas to add a fourth criterion, Judging/Perceiving, which defines how a person implements

the processed information. (MBTI Basics, 2011). They designed a psychometric questionnaire to

measure a person's psychological preferences relating to these criteria--the Myers-Briggs Typology

Indicator, or MBTI. This typology test categorizes people as E or I, S or N, F or T, and P or J. The

possible resulting combinations offer sixteen personality types, e.g. ISTJ or ENTP.

Personality relates to how a person responds to stimuli, resulting in a branch of study known

as environmental psychology. According to V. George Matthew, Ph.D (2001), "Environment

influences behavior at different levels.... The personality make-up of people...is shaped by the

nature and type of environment in which they live." Traditionally, this field emphasizes how the

physical environment affects human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Environment and Behavior,

a journal dedicated to the subject, houses articles on subjects such as links between courthouse

architecture and likelihood of conviction (Maass, 2000) and the success of various gambling

environments (Finlay, 2006). However, only a fraction of studies and research collections relate the

variances in the environment's effects to the variances in personality of those experiencing the
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environments. Even less information focuses on personality's influence on preference for an

environment, rather than the environment's effects on the personality. This study was designed to

explore this area of possibility.

For this study, it was predicted that correlations exist between personality and preference for

certain aspects of an environment or surroundings. Personality was measured by participants' results

according to the MBTI. Environment preferences were measured by participants' preferences

relating to office environment, background noise when studying or relaxing, size and intimacy of a

party, season of the year, and choice of color for decorating a personal space. Specific predictions

are difficult to make, considering the lack of research on the subject, especially in the areas of

season and color preference. However, it is supposed that the more extroverted of personalities (E,

S, F, and P results) will prefer more interaction and can handle more background noise. Likewise,

the more introverted of personalities (I, N, T, and J) will prefer more solitude and can handle less

background noise.

Method

Participants

Participants in this study volunteered after being presented with a summary of the

procedure. 49 people participated, and there was no specific population of interest. In order to

eliminate "bad" responses (those whose results were too off-base to be useful in correlations), any

participants who disagreed with or were unsure about the validity of their personality assessment,

and also rated the test's accuracy at 5 or lower out of 10, were disregarded in the study statistics.

This amounted to three questionnaires thrown out. Of the remaining 46 participants, 42 stated that

they agreed with the personality test's analysis, while only 4 were "somewhat" in agreement (Figure

5). 27 rated the test as an 8-10 on an accuracy scale of one to ten (ten being the most accurate); 15

rated it 6-7; 4 rated it 5 (Figure 6). The average participant agreed, rating the test an 8, 9, or 10.
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31 participants were female; 14 were male (Figure 1). Eight were ages 10-15; 26 were 16-

18; six were 19-29; five were 30-50 (Figure 2). Two lived in the northeastern US; 11 in the

southeast; 29 in the midwest; three in the west; one outside the US (Figure 3). Two had a middle

school education level; 29 high school level; 15 college or graduate school level. As such, the

average participant was a midwestern high-schooled female aged 16, 17, or 18.

Full demographic data can be found in Table 1, along with the complete results.

Materials/Measures

Materials used in this study consisted of one 4-page questionnaire, reproduced in Appendix

A, and an online typology test, reproduced in Appendix B. Page 1 of the questionnaire outlined the

details of the study, with a waiver for participants to sign. Page 2 asked for participants'

demographic information, as well as questions on current independence and satisfaction. All these

factors were intended for use as a control, since each can have an influence on preferred

environment, outside of personality's influences.

Page 3 directed participants to an online form of the MBTI (Jung Typology Test, 2011).

This test had 72 questions (reproduced in Appendix B) to which participants responded "yes" or

"no." The website then calculated a score based on these answers, explaining: "The scales of criteria

are dichotomic (bipolar) e.g. Extraversion-Introversion (E-I) criterion ranges from 100% on E to

100% on I" (2011). Thus, a score of 0% reflects a neutral personality, and various number scores

reflect how "bent" a person is toward that side of personality tendency. This page of the survey

provided spaces for participants to record their results (and percentage values), whether they agreed,

and how accurate they found the test.

Page 4 asked open-ended questions on preferred environment: optimum season, location,

and workplace; degree of comfort working in four scenarios of various interaction and distraction;
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preference for studying/relaxing with music or the television on; enjoyment of small or large

parties; and choice of color in a personal space.

Procedure

Requests were put out for volunteers, providing an overview of the study and its processes.

Those volunteering were then sent the questionnaire (reproduced in Appendix A). When a file was

returned by email, it was titled with a number according to order received, and saved on a

computer. When returned by hand, answers were transferred into blank electronic copies of the

questionnaire, and then saved according to the same method.

A spreadsheet was created with a column for each data field in the questionnaire and a row

for each numbered entry. When all answers had been received and transferred into this document, it

became apparent that the question regarding independence and satisfaction had been interpreted in a

wide range of ways, so those questions were thrown out. Additionally, all entries were thrown out

in which the participant both rated the MBTI as below a 5 in accuracy and disagreed with or were

unsure about its classification of their personalities. (These appear in italics in Appendix A).

In order to explore correlations, number values were assigned to some answers. For

questions using yes or no answers, "Yes" was assigned a value of 1, "No" was assigned a 3, and "in-

between" values were assigned a 2. For seasons, spring was assigned a 1, Summer 2, Autumn 3, and

Winter 4. Answers like "late spring/early summer" were assigned half-values between numbers,

such as 1.5. Those most comfortable at the front desk were assigned a value of 1; the center space,

2; the side office, 3; and the solitary back space, 4. Small parties were assigned a 3, large ones a 1,

and "either" or "it depends" a 2. Answers not easily quantifiable (i.e. location and work ideals and

color preferences) were left in their original phrasing. Additionally, personality percentages were

changed to reflect position on a number line, with introverted qualities at the -1 to -100 side and

extroverted qualities at the 1 to 100 side; a 56% Intuition equals a -56.

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Once data was collected and calibrated in this manner, various combinations of personality

traits and environment preferences were set against each other on the axes of a scatterplot, in order

to determine the existence of correlations between personality and environment. Necessary details

explaining particular methods are found with each figure under Tables and Figures.

Results

There were 46 participants in the final sample for this study. Their breakdown according to

personality type is found in Figure 7. ISFJ is the most popular personality type, with ESFJ, ENFJ,

INFJ, and INTJ coming after. The ratios can be found in Figure 8. The ratios of Extroverted to

Introverted and Sensing to Intuitive were both roughly 1 to 1. The ratio of Feelers to Thinkers was

nearly 2 to 1, however, and the ratio of Judgers to Perceivers was over 4 to 1.

Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for work environment are

found in Figure 9. Negative correlations exist on the Introversion/ Extroversion and

Judging/Perceiving graphs, though not on the Thinking/Feeling or Sensing/Intuitive graphs. To test

consistency over wider scenarios, the data regarding preference for background noise when

studying was added to the data for preference for work environment. The results are graphed in

Figure 10. Negative correlations again exist on the Introversion/Extroversion and

Judging/Perceiving graphs, though again not on the Thinking/Feeling or Sensing/Intuitive graphs.

Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for party environment are

found in Figure 11. Negative correlations exist on the Introvert/Extrovert graph, though not on the

Intuitive/Sensing, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving graphs. To test consistency, the data

regarding preference for background noise when relaxing was added to the data for preference for

party environment. The results are graphed in Figure 12. Negative correlations again exist on

Introvert/Extrovert graph, and again not on the Intuitive/Sensing and Judging/Perceiving graphs.

The Thinking/Feeling graph displayed an increase in negative correlation.

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Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for a particular season are

found in Figure 13. Only negative or very low positive y-values appear for x-value 1.5 on the E/I

graph; mostly positive y-values appear for x-value 1 and x-value 3 on the T/F graph; and mostly

negative y-values appear for x-value 1 and x-value 3 on the J/P graph.

Results regarding correlation between personality and color preference are found in Table 2.

Strong correlations exist between introversion and purple/lavender, "neutral" colors, and pastels;

between sensing and red, orange, pink, and "earthy" colors; between intuition and "neutral" colors;

between feeling and orange, yellow, purple/lavender, pink, pastels, and "earthy" colors; between

thinking and "neutral" colors; and between judging and all colors studied.

Discussion

Results reveal a negative correlation between increasing extroversion and preference for

increasingly "solitary" work environments. More extroverts prefer the "social" areas of the front

desk, meeting people constantly, and the center office space, working alongside people constantly;

the side space, solitary with occasional interruption, is preferred about evenly between extroverts

and introverts. More introverts prefer the "solitary" are of the back office space. When coupled with

preference for background noise while working, most preferring "extroverted" areas can also

perform work with more background noise; most preferring "introverted" areas cannot.

Additionally, a negative correlation exists between increasing perceiving personality and

preference for increasingly solitary work environments. Most "perceivers" prefer the social areas of

the front and side desk, while most "judgers" prefer the solitary areas of side and back spaces. Most

preferring "perceiving" areas can also perform work with more background noise; most preferring

"judging" areas cannot.

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Results also reveal a negative correlation between increasing extroversion and preference

for smaller, less "chaotic" parties. Larger parties were preferred only by extroverts, while smaller

parties were mostly preferred by introverts. When coupled with preference for background noise

while relaxing, those preferring larger parties (extroverts) also preferred not to relax with

background noise, while those preferring smaller parties (introverts) preferred the noise.

Additionally, when preference for background noise was factored in, personality became

increasingly introverted as smaller, quieter environments were more preferred.

Results revealed that introverts or very slightly expressed extroverts (i.e. 1% E) preferred

late spring and early summer. Spring and Fall were also preferred mostly by feelers and judgers.

Results revealed that introverts prefer shades of purple, neutral colors, and pastels, while

extroverts do not appear to focus on a single color. Sensing personalities prefer shades of red,

orange, and pink, as well as "earthy" colors, while intuitive personalities prefer more "neutral"

colors. Feelers prefer orange, yellow, shades of purple, pink, pastels, and "earthy" colors, while

thinkers prefer more "neutral" ones. Judgers prefer all colors, while Perceivers do not appear to

focus on one color.

The initial hypothesis was simply that correlations existed between personality and

preferred environment, with extroverted-type personalities (E, S, F, and P) preferring more social

ones, and introverted-type personalities preferring the more solitary; this has been demonstrated.

Extroversion versus introversion demonstrated the correlation most strongly in both focused (work)

and relaxed (party) environments. Judging versus perceiving demonstrated it in focused

environments, and thinking versus feeling demonstrated it in relaxed environments.

While the correlation was not evidenced by the other personality options in work/party

environments, the hypothesis was not disproven. The scatterplots in figures 9-12 simply showed

inconclusive results (i.e. no clear evidence of correlation).

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The initial hypothesis did not make any suppositions about color or season, because little

research offered basis for hypothesis. It did predict, however, that correlations existed, and this was

demonstrated.

Due to the skewed nature of variables, some results do not reflect a balanced sample; for

instance, the four-to-one ratio of judgers to perceivers resulted in judgers appearing to dominate

every category they were evaluated in. Additionally, three pages of questions do not exhaust all the

factors and possibilities for preferences regarding environment. Some confounding variables may

exist unaccounted for in the data, or some other measure of preference, if included, may add clarity

to the inconclusiveness of many of the correlations.

However, this study does conclude affirmatively its main point: personality does relate to

preferred environment; a person's personality type may affect his or her preferences for

surroundings. One article from Environment and Behavior discusses "Office Type in Relation to

Health, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction Among Employees" (Bodin, 2008). But would the study

have been more accurate had it sorted employees according to extroverted and introverted

personalities? Could employers boost office morale simply by bending environment to complement

personality? Should people take into account wall color and seasonal attributes when choosing care

homes for loved ones? Environmental psychology has much to offer to the world, but perhaps its

focus needs to be broadened to answer these questions. Perhaps a new field should be created.

Either way, much more research is necessary to explore this correlation before we can fully begin to

understand and utilize it.

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References

Bodin Danielsson, C., & Bodin, L. (2008). Office Type in Relation to Health, Well-Being, and Job

Satisfaction Among Employees. Environment and Behavior, 40(5). Retrieved from

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/40/5/636.full.pdf+html.

Finlay, K., Kanetkar, V., Londerville, J., & Marmurek, H.H.C. (2006). The Physical and

Psychological Measurement of Gambling Environments. Environment and Behavior, 38(4).

Retrieved from http://eab.sagepub.com/content/38/4/570.full.pdf+html.

Jung, C. G. (1921). Psychological Types, Collected Works, Vol. 6, Princeton, NJ: Princeton

University Press.

Maass, A., Merici, I., Villafranca, E., Furlani, R., Gaburro, E., Getrevi, A., & Masserini, M. (2000).

Intimidating Buildings: Can Courthouse Architecture Affect Perceived Likelihood of

Conviction?. Environment and Behavior, 32(5). Retrieved from

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/32/5/674.full.pdf+html.

Matthew, V. G. (2001). Environmental Psychology. Psychology for All: Your Intimate Psychology

Portal. http://www.psychology4all.com/EnvironmentalPsychology.htm.

MBTI Basics. (2011). The Myers & Briggs Foundation. http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-

personality-type/mbti-basics.

Myers, I. (1990). Introduction to Type: A Description of the Theory and Applications of the Myers-

Briggs Type Indicator. Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.

Jung Typology Test (2011). Human Metrics. http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jungtype.htm

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Tables and Figures

FIGURE 1: FIGURE 2:

FIGURE 3: FIGURE 4:

FIGURE 5: FIGURE 6:
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FIGURE 7:

FIGURE 8:

In this figure, all four "categories" of

personality (E/I, S/N, F/T, and P/J) are
represented on one graph for ease of use, so
each quarter of the graph holds 100% of that
type of personality quality, and is divided
into percentage sections according to the
values of one quality over another.

FIGURE 9:
Personality & Work Environment
Score for each personality trait is on y-axis, e.g. "50 I" = -50, "60 E" = 60. On x-axis, numbers
denote which office space/combination participants preferred, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 10:
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Personality & Work Environment + Study Environment
Score for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes combination of office space preferred, as in Fig.9,
and whether participants study with music or tv on, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 11:
Personality & Party Environment
Score for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes party environment participants preferred, according
to number values assigned.

FIGURE 12:
Personality & Party Environment + Relaxation Environment
Score for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes combination of party environment preferred, as in
Fig.11, and whether participants relax with music or tv on, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 13:
Personality & Season
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Score for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes participants' preferred season/combination,
according to number values assigned.
In these graphs, since the x-values signify independent values instead of increasing measures (i.e.
the seasons do not increase in some quality as the x-values increase in magnitude), correlations are
found when the majority of points for one season (x-value) fall either above the axis (extroverted
quality) or below it (introverted quality), implying that that season is preferred by one type and not
another. Likewise, if all below-axis points fall under one particular season, it would signify that all
of that personality prefer that season.

TABLE 1:
Raw Data, Complete Compilation
YES/NO- 1: Yes 2: Mid 3: No PARTY- 1: Big 2: Mid 3: Small
SEASON- 0: None 1: Spring 2: Summer 3: Fall 4: Winter WORK- 1: Front 2: Mid 3: Side 4: Back
Judge/ Perceive

Favorite Work
Ideal Location
Current Area
Sense/ Intuit
Intro/ Extro

Think/ Feel

Youth Area

Ideal Work
Accuracy?
Education
Location
Gender
NUMBER

Season
Agree?
Region

Colors
Study
Relax
Party
Type
Age

Water, military/
Rural/ Rural/ merchant
1

M 16 H PA NE ISTJ -56 -25 -25 -1 1 8 City City Warm marine 3 1 1 3 2 Blue, Red
Scotland/
New Mexico/
- Virginia/ Attorney/ 2. Green, Navy,
2

M 16 H GA SE ENTJ 1 62 -6 78 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs Seaside Professor 5 1 2 3 4 Brown

Comfortable,
background
Urban/ Urban/ Ohio, snow noise, lights,
3

M 17 C OH MW ENTP 33 65 -25 44 1 7 Rural Rural belt window 3 3 3 3 3 clean

Urban/ Urban/ 2, white, glass,
4*

M C OH MW ENTJ 11 # -1 # 3 5 Rural Suburbs South Africa Fun unusual 3 1 1 2 4 wood, metal

Efficient but
- South in relaxed, fun,
5

F 15 H NC SE INFJ -11 38 12 89 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs general challenging 3 1 1 3 1 Pink, green

Travel globe,
no perm- Neutral
6*

M H PA NE ENFP # # # # 3 4 Suburbs Suburbs anent home No preference 0 1 1 2 3 colors

- Small Small Fast-paced, Black, brown,
7

M 16 H TN SE ENTJ 44 50 -38 11 1 5 town town Middle East changing 2 1 1 3 2 blue

Urban- Montana,
Urban/ Tianjin, mild Unsure- not 2. Pale blue ,
8

M 16 H CH OS INFP -11 12 38 22 1 9 Rural China summers cubicles 5 1 3 3 3 green

- Western 3. Blue, brown,
9

M 18 H OH MW ENTJ 11 62 -25 44 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs Ohio Solitary, quiet 5 1 3 2 2 green

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Yellow,
- white,
10

F 22 C OH MW ENFJ 33 25 25 78 1 8 Rural City Southern US Home 3 1 1 2 2 lavender

Neutral
Quiet, light, colors, light
New color, simple, wood, black
11

M 16 H GA SE INTJ -67 12 -50 -1 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs Hampshire windows 4 3 1 3 1 accents

Greece, Mid/ Differing, but
- Rural/ South comfortable and 2. Light colors,
12

F 18 H OH MW INFJ 33 39 50 11 1 7 Suburbs Rural America encouraging 5 1 1 3 2 pastel, white

Purple,
Suburbs London, Independent brown,
- /Urban/ Rural/ Boston, but working green, blue,
13

F 16 H NY NE INTJ -67 75 -50 78 1 10 Rural Suburbs Vienna with like minds 4 1 1 3 3 cream
Blue, green,
Oregon- Music, supplies, black or dark
- beach and not bright or brown
14

F 17 H OH MW INFJ -11 38 62 44 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs mountains dark 1 1 1 2 3 accents

Relaxed, Black, White,
Central/West Comfortable, contrasting
15

F 19 C OH MW ENTP 1 38 -38 11 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs ern Europe not loud 2 1 1 3 2 colors

Hot pink,
Lime green,
Bright
South Yellow,
16

F 15 H OH MW ESFJ 89 -12 50 -1 1 6 City City Carolina Big City 1 1 1 1 2 Bright orange

Friendly, Classic
- Country, not productive, pastel, bold
17

F 17 H OH MW ISFJ -17 -50 44 67 2 6 Suburbs Suburbs too isolated organized 3 1 1 3 2 accents

Moderate light,
well-furnished, Brown, gray,
Columbus, organized, fast, silver, dark
18

M 16 H OH MW ENFJ 22 38 50 -1 1 8 Urban Urban OH accepting 3 1 1 3 3 blue

Texas,
Colorado, Red, white,
- Virginia, or Quiet, but cream, black,
19

F 16 H PA NE ESFJ 1 -1 25 67 1 7 Rural Suburbs England people 3 3 2 3 3 green

- Orderly, little Blue, white,
20

M 17 H PA NE ISTJ ## -1 -38 78 1 6 Suburbs Suburbs Midwest USA clutter 3 3 1 3 2 green

Clean, quiet,
- sometimes Blue, dark
21

F 17 H KS MW INTJ -56 25 -12 44 2 7 Suburbs Suburbs England music 4 3 1 3 1 green

New York Friendly, fast-

22

M 16 H NY NE ENFP 67 33 38 11 1 8 Rural Rural City paced, busy 1 1 1 1 2 Depends

Deep, dusty,
warm. Dark
Warm- purple, gray-
- Suburbs Suburbs Northern blue, sage
23

F 25 C OH MW ISFJ -33 -12 88 50 1 9 / Urban / Urban California Pretty 3 3 1 3 1 green

24

M 18 H OH MW ISFP -17 -62 50 6 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs Florida Quiet, solitary 4 3 1 3 3 Blue

Small group of
Central friendly staff, Lime green,
Western interaction with bright colors,
25

F 18 C OH MW ISFJ -11 -1 75 -1 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs Australia the public 4 1 1 3 3 black accents

Quiet, but
- people around Blues and
26

F 19 C OH MW ENFJ 67 12 88 44 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs South to access 1 3 1 3 3 greens

Mild winters Quiet, perhaps lavender,
- but seasons. music, no 3. forest green,
27

F 15 H OH MW INFJ -44 38 12 89 1 5 Rural Rural Not the city. clutter 5 1 1 3 2 light tan
Discussing
issues in small
quiet room with
- Tropical close group of Dark blue,
28

M 18 H WA W ENFJ 11 25 25 22 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs Island people 1 1 1 3 2 earthy tones

- 1.
29

F 47 C OH MW ESFJ 44 -38 50 17 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs NA Lots of activity 5 3 1 2 3 Earthy colors

Urban in
Thailand, Physical
near refugee Therapy,
- camps for teaching Sage green,
30

F 14 H OH MW ISFJ -67 -12 50 67 2 8 Suburbs Suburbs visits refugees 3 3 3 3 3 tan brown

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- Alone in Alone, with time 2. Colorful, sub-
31

M 15 H PA NE INFJ -67 12 50 11 1 7 Suburbs Suburbs Alaska to think 5 3 3 3 0 dued/rustic

Neutral,
cream,
- white, light
32

F 50 C OH MW INTJ -22 12 -1 44 1 9 Urban Suburbs Warm in US Organized 4 3 1 3 2 yellow

- Quiet, lots of Pink, blue,

33

F 16 H OH MW ESFJ 22 -1 75 56 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs Ohio people 3 1 1 3 3 orange, black

34*

F M OH MW ENTJ # # -11 # 2 5 City Suburbs Ohio Crazy 2, 1 1 3 2 Bright

Earth tones.
Pacific Browns,
Northwest- blues, pops
- Mountain Relational, of red and
35

F 27 C AL SE ISFJ -22 -1 50 22 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs views organized 1 1 1 3 1,3 orange

old elegant
farmhouse in Warm, light,
country, roll- clean, Light green,
ing pastures, organized, quiet aqua blue,
- Small Small blue ridge but background brown, soft
36

F 17 H NC SE INTJ -33 25 -1 56 1 8 town town mountains noise 4 1 1 3 2 coral

Small Small town,
- town/ with seasons,
37

F 18 C WA W ISFJ -11 -12 25 44 2 6 Rural Urban near family Library 2 1 1 3 3 Red, yellow.
Laid back,
people who are Green, blue,
- North fun but get the purple,
38

F 17 H OH MW ISFJ -78 -12 38 33 1 7 Suburbs Suburbs Carolina job done 3 3 1 3 3 bright

Fast-paced, Earthy- light
changing, browns, dark
39

F 18 C OH MW ISFJ -56 -75 100 ## 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs Hawaii stimulating 3 3 1 3 3 greens

City- New
- York, Organized, fast-
40

F 17 H OH MW ESFJ 11 -38 12 33 1 5 Suburbs Suburbs Chicago, DC paced, friendly 3 1 1 3 1,3 Blue, brown
Warm
Ohio near browns,
family or Opportunity to accents of
- serving be around orange, red,
41

F 46 C OH MW ENFJ 89 62 12 22 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs overseas people, buzzing 3 3 3 2 3 yellow

GA- warm,
friendly,
- Small Large respectful, Working with Tan, pink,
42

F 20 C WA W ISFJ -56 -25 38 33 1 9 town City relaxed youth at church 1 3 1 3 2 brown, black
Organized, high-
paced with
- DC- politics, patient Red, brown,
43

F 15 H KS MW ISTJ -56 -1 -50 33 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs busy, exciting coworkers 1 1 1 3 1 blue

TX/ New
Zealand-
interesting,
fun, pretty, Green,
44

M 17 H MD NE ESFP 67 -12 38 33 1 7 Suburbs Suburbs nice people, No preference 3 3 1 3 1 brown, blue

Relaxed, able to
45

M 17 H OH MW ENFP 11 75 38 33 1 7 Urban Suburbs City help people 1 1 1 3 3 Neutral

Urban/ Camp
46

F 14 M MO MW ISTP -22 -38 -26 22 1 5 Rural Urban Barnabas No preference 1 1 1 3 2 Blue, Orange
Warm/neutr
Few distract- al, spots of
- North ions,background deeper
47

F 43 C OH MW ISTJ -33 -12 -12 22 1 7 Suburbs Suburbs Carolina noise 3 1 1 3 0 colors

North Bright, soft
Carolina spring and
- beach (not Home, but out summer
48

F 46 C OH MW ENTJ 56 25 -1 67 1 10 Suburbs Urban crowded) to meet people 3 3 3 2 2 colors

Fun, hectic with 1. 1.5 Green, black,
49

F 14 M OH MW ESFP 89 -1 88 22 1 8 Urban Urban England different tasks 5 1 1 1 3.5 white, blue

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TABLE 2:
Colors and Personality
A graph would have proved too difficult to use for this data, given the number of color options and
the multiple colors chosen per participant. Instead, all were organized by color preferences. The
number of Es versus Is, Ss versus Ns, Fs versus Ts, and Ps versus Js were tallied in each group to
determine the "overall personality" of that color. If the color is exactly half-and-half, it is labeled
50%; if it is three-quarters of one value, it is labeled 75% that value. Any percentage between 50%
and 70% is considered a weak correlation (signified by a W) and any percentage between 71% and
100% is considered a strong correlation (signified by an S).
Brown is analyzed twice- once including all variances such as "earthy," "tan," or "wood," and once
without. Three common phrases used were "neutral," "earthy," and "pastels," so these are also
included and analyzed as color fields.

Color Total E I Correlation Total S N Correlation Total F T Correlation Total P J Correlation

66.7% 83.3% Sensing 66.7% 100% Judging -
RED 6 2 4 Introverted - W 6 5 1 -S 6 4 2 Feeling - W 6 0 6 S

60% Extroverted 80% Sensing - 80% Feeling - 80% Judging -

ORANGE 5 3 2 -W 5 4 1 S 5 4 1 S 5 1 4 S

60% Extroverted 60% Intuitive - 80% Feeling - 100% Judging -

YELLOW 5 3 2 -W 5 3 2 W 5 4 1 S 5 5 0 S
52.6% Intuitive 68.4% 84.2% Judging
GREEN 19 7 12 63.2% Intro - W 19 9 10 -W 19 13 6 Feeling - W 19 3 16 -S
52.2% Sensing 56.5% 78.3% Judging
BLUE 23 10 13 56.5% Intro - W 23 12 11 -W 23 12 11 Feeling - W 23 5 18 -S

PURPLE/ 80% Introverted 60% Intuitive - 80% Feeling - 100% Judging -

LAVENDER 5 1 4 -S 5 2 3 W 5 4 1 S 5 0 5 S

50% Extroverted 75% Sensing - 100% Feeling 100% Judging -

PINK 4 2 2 -N 4 3 1 S 4 4 0 -S 4 0 4 S

55.6% 55.6% Sensing 66.7% 77.8% Judging

BLACK 9 5 4 Extroverted - W 9 5 4 -W 9 6 3 Feeling - W 9 2 7 -S
GRAY/ 100% 100% Intuitive 100% Feeling 100% Judging -
SILVER 1 1 0 Extroverted - S 1 0 1 -S 1 1 0 -S 1 0 1 S

WHITE/ 57.1% 57.1% Intuitive 57.1% 71.4% Judging

CREAM 7 4 3 Extroverted - W 7 3 4 -W 7 4 3 Feeling - W 7 2 5 -S

75% Introverted 75% Intuitive - 75% Thinking 75% Judging -

NEUTRAL 4 1 3 -S 4 1 3 S 4 3 1 -S 4 1 3 S
BROWN- 52.6% 57.9% Intuitive 63.2% 94.7% Judging
ALL 19 9 10 Introverted - W 19 8 11 -W 19 12 7 Feeling - W 19 1 18 -S
BROWN- no
Tan/ Wood/ 60% Intuitive - 60% Feeling - 93.3% Judging
Earthy 15 7 8 53.3% Intro - W 15 6 9 W 15 9 6 W 15 14 1 -S
60% Introverted 80% Sensing - 100% Feeling 100% Judging -
EARTHY 5 2 3 -W 5 4 1 S 5 5 0 -S 5 0 5 S

100% 50% Sensing - 100% Feeling 100% Judging -

PASTELS 2 0 2 Introverted - S 2 1 1 N 2 2 0 -S 2 0 2 S
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PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Appendix A
Questionnaire

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PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT
Appendix B
(Jung Typology Test, 2011)
1. You are almost never late for your appointments
2. You like to be engaged in an active and fast-paced job
3. You enjoy having a wide circle of acquaintances
4. You feel involved when watching TV soaps
5. You are usually the first to react to a sudden event: the
telephone ringing or unexpected question
6. You are more interested in a general idea than in the
details of its realization
7. You tend to be unbiased even if this might endanger
your good relations with people
8. Strict observance of the established rules is likely to
prevent a good outcome
9. It's difficult to get you excited
10.It is in your nature to assume responsibility
11.You often think about humankind and its destiny
12.You believe the best decision is one that can be easily
changed
13. Objective criticism is always useful in any activity
14.You prefer to act immediately rather than speculate
about various options
15.You trust reason rather than feelings
16.You are inclined to rely more on improvisation than on
careful planning
17.You spend your leisure time actively socializing with a
group of people, attending parties, shopping, etc.
18.You usually plan your actions in advance
19.Your actions are frequently influenced by emotions
20.You are a person somewhat reserved and distant in
communication
21.You know how to put every minute of your time to good
purpose
22.You readily help people while asking nothing in return
23.You often contemplate about the complexity of life
24.After prolonged socializing you feel you need to get
away and be alone
25.You often do jobs in a hurry
26.You easily see the general principle behind specific
occurrences
27.You frequently and easily express your feelings and
emotions
28.You find it difficult to speak loudly
29.You get bored if you have to read theoretical books
30.You tend to sympathize with other people
31.You value justice higher than mercy
32.You rapidly get involved in social life at a new
workplace
33.The more people you speak with, the better you feel
34.You tend to rely on your experience rather than on
theoretical alternatives
35.You like to keep a check on how things are progressing
36. You easily empathize with the concerns of other people
23
37.Often you prefer to read a book than go to a party
38.You enjoy being at the center of events in which other
people are directly involved
39.You are more inclined to experiment than to follow
familiar approaches
40.You avoid being bound by obligations
41.You are strongly touched by the stories about people's
troubles
42.Deadlines seem to you to be of relative, rather than
absolute, importance
43.You prefer to isolate yourself from outside noises
44.It's essential for you to try things with your own hands
45.You think that almost everything can be analyzed
46.You do your best to complete a task on time
47.You take pleasure in putting things in order
48.You feel at ease in a crowd
49.You have good control over your desires and
temptations
50.You easily understand new theoretical principles
51.The process of searching for solution is more important
to you than the solution itself
52.You usually place yourself nearer to the side than in the
center of the room
53.When solving a problem you would rather follow a
familiar approach than seek a new one
54.You try to stand firmly by your principles
55.A thirst for adventure is close to your heart
56.You prefer meeting in small groups to interaction with
lots of people
57.When considering a situation you pay more attention to
current situations, less to a possible sequence of events
58.You consider the scientific approach to be the best
59.You find it difficult to talk about your feelings
60.You often spend time thinking of how things could be
improved
61.Your decisions are based more on the feelings of a
moment than on the careful planning
62.You prefer to spend your leisure time alone or relaxing
in a tranquil family atmosphere
63.You feel comfortable sticking to conventional ways
64.You are easily affected by strong emotions
65.You are always looking for opportunities
66.Your desk, workbench etc. is usually neat and orderly
67.As a rule, current preoccupations worry you more than
your future plans
68.You get pleasure from solitary walks
69.It is easy for you to communicate in social situations
70.You are consistent in your habits
71.You willingly involve yourself in matters which engage
your sympathies
72.You easily perceive various ways events could develop