FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA

BMM2523
Thermodynamics II
Semester 2 2006/2007

Unit One Exercise – Compressor

1. Gas is compressed in a reciprocating compressor from 1 bar to 6 bar.

The FAD (Free Air Delivered) is 13 dm3/s. The clearance ratio is 0.05.
The expansion part of the cycle follows the law PV1.2=C. The crank
speed is 360 rev/min. Calculate the swept volume and the volumetric
efficiency.

Swept Volume  V s , Clearance Volume  0.05V s

Consider the expansion (polytrophic ) from 3 to 4 on the P - V diagram
p 4  1bar , p 3  6bar
 p 4V 4
1.2 1.2
p 3V3
60.05V s   1 V 4
1.2
  1.2

V 4  0.222V s

FAD  0.013 m 3 / s  Induced Volume  V1  V 4  1.05V s  0.222V s

V s  0.013 / 0.828  0.0157 m 3 / s
Crank speed  360 rev / min  6 rev / s so V s  0.0157 / 6  2.62 dm 3
Induced Volume 0828V s 0.013
 vol   @  82 .8%
Swept Volume Vs 0.0157

Hj Amirruddin(FKM) Phone: 2208

E-mail: amirruddin@kuktem.edu.my
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 2

2. A single stage reciprocating compressor produces a FAD of 2 dm 3/s at

420 rev/min. The inlet conditions are 1 bar and 10oC. The polytrophic
index is 1.2 for the compression and expansion. The outlet pressure is 8
bar. The clearance volume is 10 cm3. Due to the restriction of the inlet
valve and the warming effect of the cylinder walls, the pressure at the
start of compression is 0.97 bar and the temperature is 17oC
Determine the volumetric efficiency

Because the induction stroke is neither at constant pressure nor constant

temperature, we must solve the swept volume by using the expulsion stroke,
which is assumed to be at constant pressure and temperature. The numbers
of the cycle points are as before

n 1
T2  p 2  n
 
T1  p1 
0. 2
 8  1. 2
T2     412.2 K
 0.97 
2  60
FAD per stroke   02857 dm 3 per stroke
420
0.2857  p1T2
The compressed volume expelled 
T1 p 2
0.2857  1  412.2
Expulsion Volume  V2  V3   0.052dm 3
283  8
p3V3  p 4V4
n n

8  0.011.2  1  V4 hence V4  0.0566dm 3

1.2

V2  0.01  0.052  0.062dm 3

p1V1  p 2V2
n n

 8  0.0621.2 hence V1  0.363dm 3

1.2
0.96V1
Induced volume  V1  V4  0.306dm 3
Swept volume  V1  V3  0.353dm 3
Induced Volume 0.306
 vol    86.7%
Swept Volume 0.353
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 3

3. A single stage single acting air compressor is required to delivery 14 m 3

of air per min measured at 1.013 bar and 15oC. The delivery pressure is
7 bar and the speed 300rpm. Take the compression index of n=1.3.
Calculate
a) Delivery volume v2 of cylinder
b) The delivery temperature
c) The work
d) The indicated power

2
P2

1
P1
V2 V1

P1  1.013bar , T1  15 o C  288 K , P2  7bar , T2  ?,

  
V 1  14m 3 / min, V 2  ?, Pm  ?, W  ?, N  300rpm, n  1.3

 14m 3 / min 14 3
Volume induced per cycle, V1   m / rev @ m 3 / cycle
300rev / min 300
n 1 n 1
   P 
T2  V 1  n
   2 
T1  V   P1 
 2 

1.3 1 1.3 1
T2  14 / 300  7
   1.3
 
288 K  V  1
 2 


V 2  0.01055m 3 / rev
T2  450 K
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 4

 n 1

 
P1V1    1

n P n
w 2

n 1  P1  
 
 1.31

 
1.3
   7
 1
1.3
 101.3kPa 14 / 300 m / rev 
3

1.3  1  1.013  
 
w  11.52kJ / rev


N  300rev / min min 
w  w     11.52kJ / rev   
 60   60 s 

w  57.58kW

3
4. A single stage reciprocating compressor produce a compressed air of 2dm /s
at 420rpm. The inlet pressure is 1bar. Take the polytropic index of 1.2. The
3
outlet pressure is 8 bar. The clearance volume is 10cm .
Determine the volumetric efficiency.

Vc  0.01dm 3
2dm 3 / s
Va   0.2857 dm 3
7 rev / s
p3V3  p4V4
n n

8  0.011.2  1 V4 hence V4  0.0566dm 3

1.2

V1  V4  Va hence V1  0.2857 dm 3  0.0566dm 3  0.3423dm 3

Vs  V1  V3  0.3423  0.01dm 3  0.3323dm 3
Induced Volume Va 0.2857
 vol     85.98%
Swept Volume Vs 0.3323
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 5

5. A four cylinder single acting compressor with cylinder bore 100mm and stroke
150mm runs at 400 rpm. If the volumetric efficiency is 70%. Find the mass of air
deliver per hour.
The ambient pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 25oC respectively.
B  100 mm
s  150 mm
 2  0.1 0.15 
2
Vs  B s  1.178  10 3 m 3
4 4

PV  mRT

m
100kPa1.178103 m3   1.38103 kg
0.287kPa.m3 / kg.K 298K 
Va ma
v  
Vs ms
 
ma  0.7  1.38  10 3 kg  9.641  10 4 kg

  400 

m a kg / hr  9.641  10 4 kg  rev / hr 4cyl   0.0257 kg / h
 60 
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 6

3
6. A two stage single acting air compressor having capacity 4.5m /min, measured
under free air condition of 1.01325 bar and 15oC. The pressure during the
suction stroke is 0.98 bar. The temperature of air at the start of compression in
each stage is 27oC. The delivery pressure is 15 bar. The clearance volume in
low pressure cylinder is 5% of the stroke. The index of compression and
expansion is 1.3 and speed is 140 rpm. The intercooler pressure is such that
the work is shared equally between the two cylinder.

a) Determine Indicated power

b) Diameter and stroke of low pressure cylinder if bore is equal to the stroke

V  4.5m 3 / min, Patm  1.01325bar , Tatm  15 o C  288 K , P1  0.98bar , P2  15bar ,

T1  27 o C  300 K , Vc  0.05Vs , n  1.3, N  140rpm, wlp  whp , w  ?, B  ?, S  ?

for given V ,

 


m
PV

101 .325 kPa  4.5m 3 / min  5.516 kg / min
RT 
0.287 kPa .m 3 / kg .K 288 K  
Px  P1 .P2  0.98  15  3.834 bar
n 1
n 1
T2  v1  P  n
    2 
T1  v 2   P1 
 n 1

P 
RT1  x  1
n n
w lp  
n 1  P1  
 
 1.31

 
1.3
0.287kJ / kg.K 300 K  
 3.834
 1  138.04kJ / kg
1.3
w lp  
1.3  1  0.98  
 
Total work, w  2 w lp  276.08kJ / kg
Exercise 1 solutions BMM2523, Hj. Amirruddin A K Page 7

Indicated power, w  w  m  276 . 08 kJ / kg  5 . 516 kg / s   25 . 38 kW

 

 60 
b)
   
m s  m  m 1  m 3  5.516kg / min
 
 PV 98kPa V1 
m1  1 1   3

 
1 . 138 V 1 kg / m
RT1 0.287 kPa.m / kg.K 300 K 
3

 
 P V 383.4kPa V1 
m3  x 3   3

 
4 . 453 V 3 kg / m (after intercooling)
RT1 0.287 kPa.m / kg.K 300 K 
3

    
Given V 1  V s  V c  V c  V 3

 

m 1  1.138V s  V c 
 
   
m 3  4.453V c and V c  0.05 V s
 
m 1  m 3  5.516kg / min
 
  

1.138V s  0.05 V s   4.453 0.05 V s   5.516kg / min
   
 
0.972 V s  5.516kg / min  V s  5.6736kg / min

 2
For N  140rpm, B S  N  5.6736kg / min
4
 3
since B  S, B  140rev / min   5.6736kg / min
4
B  0.372m  S