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iv
Acknowledgements
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1
Executive summary
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2 RAPE: HOW WOMEN, THE COMMUNITY AND THE HEALTH SECTOR RESPOND
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
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7
Introduction
HZmjVak^daZcXZ^hVbV_dg\adWVa]ZVai]XdcXZgc#>i]Vhegd[djcYcZ\Vi^kZZ[[ZXihdcîhk^Xi^bhVcY
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9
Societal perceptions of sexual

violence and its victims
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SOCIETAL PERCEPTIONS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND ITS VICTIMS 11
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12
Societal responses to sexual

violence and its victims
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SOCIETAL RESPONSES TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND ITS VICTIMS 13
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15
Women victims’ perceptions

of sexual violence
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WOMEN VICTIMS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE 17
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18
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to sexual violence
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THE RESPONSES OF WOMEN VICTIMS TO SEXUAL VIOLENCE 19
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29
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31
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41
Therapeutic approaches to survivors’

mental health needs
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THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO SURVIVORS’ MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS 43
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44
Criminal justice system interventions
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CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS 45
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46
Conclusions and areas

for future research
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CONCLUSIONS AND AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 47
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7jgiBG!:hiZeG:&.-&#L]d^hVk^Xi^b49ZÒcî^dcVaegdWaZbh^chZmjVak^Xi^bôVi^dc#K^Xi^bdad\n/6c>ciZgcV"
i^dcVa?djgcVa!+/&*Ä'-#
7jgiBG!@Vio7A&.--#8de^c\higViZ\^ZhVcYgZXdkZgn[gdbgVeZ#6ccVahCZlNdg`6XVYZbnd[HX^ZcXZh!*'-/()*Ä
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8Va]djc@H!GZh^XÈ6&..(#EIH9#>c/7Vgadl9=ZY#!8a^c^XVa]VcYWdd`d[ehnX]dad\^XVaY^hdgYZgh#CZlNdg`!
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8VbeWZaa?8!HdZ`Zc@A&...#;dgXZYhZmVcY^ci^bViZeVgicZgk^daZcXZ/:[[ZXihdcldbZcÉhg^h`VcYldbZcÉh
]ZVai]#K^daZcXZ6\V^chiLdbZc!*/&%&,Ä&%(*#
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8VbeWZaaGZiVa#&...#8dbbjcînhZgk^XZh[dggVeZhjgk^kdgh/:c]VcX^c\ehnX]dad\^XValZaa"WZ^c\dg^cXgZVh^c\
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REFERENCES 61
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aZcXZ6\V^chiLdbZc!&/(*&#
kdc@ZgZch]Von?<ZiVa#'%%'#:gîgZV/BâîVgndXXjeVi^dc!hZmjVak^daZcXZ!VcY=>K#M>K>ciZgcVi^dcVa6>9H8dc"
[ZgZcXZ!7VgXZadcV!HeV^c#
LVa`Zg:6!@VidcL?&..+#GZhZVgX]^c\i]Z]ZVai]Z[[ZXihd[k^Xi^bôVi^dc/I]ZcZmi\ZcZgVi^dc#EhnX]dhdbVi^X
BZY^X^cZ!*-/&+Ä&,#
LVgY8&..*#6iiîjYZhidlVgYgVeZVcYgVeZk^Xi^bh/HjgkZngZhZVgX]#6iiîjYZhidlVgYgVeZ/;Zb^c^hiVcYhdX^Va
ehnX]dad\^XVaeZgheZXi^kZh#AdcYdc!J@!HV\ZEjWa^XVi^dch/(-Ä+*#
LVi]Zc8C!BVXBâaVc=A'%%(#>ciZgkZci^dch[dgk^daZcXZV\V^childbZc#?djgcVad[i]Z6bZg^XVcBZY^XVa6hhd"
X^Vi^dc!'-./*-.Ä+%%#
LViih8=ZiVa#&..-#Lî]]daY^c\d[hZmVcY[dgXZYhZm/9^bZch^dchd[k^daZcXZV\V^chiO^bWVWlZVcldbZc#
GZegdYjXi^kZ=ZVai]BViiZgh!+/*,Ä+*#
Lâa^Vbh?:!=dabZh@6&.-&#I]ZhZXdcYVhhVjai/GVeZVcYejWa^XViiîjYZh#LZhiedgi!8I/<gZZclddY#
Lda[Z?!@^bbZga^c\G&..,#<ZcYZg^hhjZh^ci]ZVhhZhhbZcid[edhiigVjbVi^XhigZhhY^hdgYZg#>c/Lâhdc?E!@ZVcZ
IBZYh6hhZhh^c\ehnX]dad\^XVaigVjbVVcYEIH9#CZlNdg`!CN!<jâ[dgYEgZhh/&.'Ä'(-#
Lda[Z ? Zi Va# &..)# EdhiigVjbVi^X higZhh Y^hdgYZg VcY lVg"odcZ ZmedhjgZ Vh XdggZaViZh d[ eZgXZ^kZY ]ZVai] ^c
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63
ANNEX 1
Resource persons and

organizations contacted
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64
ANNEX 2
Internet resources consulted
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ANNEX 2. INTERNET RESOURCES CONSULTED 65
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ANNEX 3
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Societal perceptions of sexual

Societal responses to sexual

Women victims’ perceptions

The responses of women victims

Acute, short- and long-term

Therapeutic approaches to survivors’

Criminal justice system interventions

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