A accelerator
Aa
A = ampere: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä
doøng ñieän
AA = automotive association: Hieäp
hoäi oâtoâ
AAA = american automotive
association: Hieäp hoäi oâtoâ nöôùc
Myõ
A-arm n. US = wishbone: Caùnh tay
ñoøn hình chöõ A
abrasion n. removal of surface
material from any solid, through
friction action: Söï maøi moøn
z abrasive n. substance used for
the removal of matter: Chaát lieäu
maøi moøn
z abrasive cleaner = cleaner
which removes a certain amount
of the surface: Maùy maøi
z abrasive disc = rotating disc of
sanding or grinding tool: Ñóa ñaù
maøi
z abrasive paper = paper with a
rough surface for the removal of
matter: Giaáy nhaùm
ABS = anti-lock braking system: Heä
thoáng phanh choáng haõm cöùng
z ABS override button = button
which cuts out the anti-lock
braking system, for drivers who
want to take threshold braking into
their own hands: Nuùt ngaét heä
thoáng ABS
z ABS relay valve = electrically
operated valve controlling the air
pressure in an ABS system: Van
rôle ABS
abut v. to make contact, especially of
gear teeth: Tieáp xuùc
1
z abutment n. (a) part which
another part comes up against so
that its motion is stopped; a more
formal word for ‘stop’: Ñieåm
döøng
(b) making of contact, especially
by gear teeth: Choã tieáp xuùc
z abutting edge n. edge of a
panel where it joins another:
Goùc noái
z AC = alternating current: Doøng
ñieän xoay chieàu
A/C = air-conditioning: Maùy ñieàu hoøa
khoâng khí
ACC = accelerate (used mostly on
cruise control): Taêng toác (nuùt
trong heä thoáng ga töï ñoäng)
z accelerate v. to go faster or
make faster: Taêng toác
z accelerated test procedure =
test which has been made quicker,
by leaving out or shortening
certain items: Qui trình kieåm tra
nhanh (bôùt moät soá coâng ñoaïn)
z accelerating agent =
accelerator: Chaân ga, baøn ñaïp ga
z acceleration n. increase of
speed: Söï taêng toác
z sluggish acceleration =
increase speed slowly: Söï taêng
toác chaäm chaïp
z acceleration enrichment =
providing a richer fuel/air mixture
is needed to provide extra power
and smooth response: Söï laøm
giaøu hoãn hôïp hoaø khí ñeå taêng toác
z accelerator n. (a) chemical
agent which makes a reaction
happen more quickly, for instance
 in plastics production an additive
accelerator pump
process of resins: Taùc nhaân laøm
taêng nhanh hoùa hoïc
(b) pedal which controls the
opening of the throttle: Baøn ñaïp
ga
z depress the accelerator or
step on the accelerator = cause
the throttle to open to make the
vehicle go faster : Nhaán ga, ñaïp
ga
z ease up on the accelerator =
reduce the throttle opening to go
less fast: Giaûm ga
z take one’s foot off the
accelerator = close the throttle in
order to slow down: Buoâng chaân
ga
(NOTE: also called accelerator
pedal or throttle pedal)
z accelerator pump = carburetor
device that improves acceleration
by injecting an additional amount
of fuel when the accelerator pedal
is depressed: Bôm taêng toác
z acceptance test n. test of a
part or assembly for acceptable
quality: Kieåm tra chaát löôïng chi
tieát
z access n. means of reaching
something: Söï tieán ñeán, söï daân
leân.
z access hole = hole through
which something can be reach,
also a hole through which sealant
is injected into cavities: Loã thoâng
accessories n. additional items of
equipment which can be fitted to a
vehicle or used with a basic tool:
Ñoà phuï tuøng
which promotes the hardening
Ackermann steering
accident damage n. damage to the
body-work of a vehicle resulting
from an accident: Söï hö hoûng
thaân xe do tai naïn.
accumulator n. (a) storage battery,
especially for an electrically
driven vehicle: Bình aéc quy
(b) pressure reservoir for a
suspension system with automatic
leveling: Tích aùp cho heä thoáng
treo töï ñoäng
(c) part of a hydraulic system
which is charged by the fluid
pump, absorbs fluctuating fluid
delivery, stores fluid at pressure,
and can provide a rapid flow of
fluid sure pressure: Boä tích aùp
accumulator battery n. = storage
battery: Bình aéc quy
z accumulator-drier n. device
on the low side of an air-
conditioning system, usually at the
evaporator outlet on the bulk-head
which store excess refrigerant; it
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
agent and a vapour return tube:
Bình chöùa vaø loïc gas (laïnh)
z accumulator system n.system
in an automatic transmission
comprising a hydraulic
accumulator controlled by a valve,
and a running time throttle: Heä
thoáng tích aùp (hoäp soá)
z accumulator valve n.valve
controlling hydraulic accumulator:
Van tích aùp
AC generator n. = ALTERNATOR:
Maùy phaùt xoay chieàu
acid rain n. rain containing
pollutants from industrial waste
and vehicle exhaust gases
 dissolved in the atmosphere:
Möa axit
Ackermann angle
the front wheels turn on kingpins
and are connected by inclined
steering arms and a track rod, so
arranged angle than the outer: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu Ackermann
z Ackermann angle = toe-out or
toe-in with the wheels in the
straight-ahead position: Goùc ñaët
baùnh xe kieåu Ackermann
z Ackermann axle = fixed-
position, steerable front axle
within two pivot points, one on
each end of the axle, with vertical
kingpin: Truïc Ackermann
across corners = A/C: Ngaõ tö
across flats = A/F: Maët caét
ngang
acrylate n. polymer, such as ethyl
acrylate, used in rubber
toughening: Loaïi nhöïa daùn cao
su
acrylic (paint) n. paint with pigments
mixed in a solution based on
acrylic resin: Sôn acrylic
z acrylic finish = finish using
acrylic paints, often a two-pack
finish: Sôn boùng baèng sôn acrylic
z acrylic resin = any
thermoplastic synthetic polymer
made by the polymerization of
acrylic derivatives such as acrylic
acid, ethyl acrylate and
methacrylate, used for adhesives,
protective coatings, and finishes:
Nhöïa acrylic (duøng cho sôn loùt
vaø sôn boùng)
ACT = air charge temperature: Nhieät
ñoä khoâng khí naïp
activated carbon n. highly porous
carbon, usually in pellet from,
3
Ackermann steering n. from of
double-pivot steering in which
active suspension
granular, or powdered,
characterized by fine pores
resulting in a very large surface
area per unit volume, hence able
to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than
hoaït tính
z activated carbon canister =
filter which absorbs fuel vapours
from the tank and fuel system
when the engine is not running,
and when the engine running is
regenerated by purging the
charcoal bed with hot air, using
engine vacuum to draw the
released vapours into the intake
air stream: Baàu loïc hôi xaêng
baèng than hoaït tính
activated charcoal n. = activated
carbon: Than hoaït tính
z activated charcoal trap =
activated carbon canister: Baàu loïc
than hoaït tính
z activator n. material or
mixture added to an accelerated
curing system to enhance the
effect of the vulcanization
accelerator in tyre production:
Phuï gia ñaåy nhanh quaù trình löu
hoaù (saûn xuaát voû xe)
z activated braking time n.
time required to come to a
standstill after the brakes have
been applied, i.e not including the
driver’s reaction time: Thôøi gian
kích hoaït phanh
z active noise control (system)
n. = anti-noise system: Heä thoáng
choáng tieáng oàn
z active safety n. active
measures taken to prevent
 accidents, such as more powerful
brakes and safer handling
characteristics: An toaøn chuû ñoäng
actuate
system which uses
microprocessors to control
electronically adjustable shock
absorbers which adapt
automatically to the road surface
and load: Heä thoáng treo chuû
ñoäng
actuate v. to bring a part into
operation: Khôûi ñoäng, ñöa vaøo
hoaït ñoäng
z an actuating lever or switch =
a lever or switch brings a part into
operation: Coâng taéc (caàn) khôûi
ñoäng
z actuator n. controlling or
operating device, e.g. a vacuum
mechanism for opening flaps in air
conditioning systems: Cô caáu
chaáp haønh
z actuator arm = arm
connecting the diaphragm to the
contact breaker platform in a
vacuum advance mechanism: Caàn
daãn ñoäng (ñaùnh löûa sôùm aùp
thaáp)
adapter or adaptor n. device for
connecting two parts of different
sizes, especially an accessory for
joining a socket and a drive
handle with different sizes drives:
OÁng noái, caây noái
z adapter plate = plate which
allows the mounting of a different
part from the original: Ñóa tieáp
hôïp, ñóa noái
additive n. substance added to fuel or
engine oil to enhance its
performance and to improve its
4
z active suspension n. suspension
adjustable spanner
properties, such as upper cylinder
lubricant: Chaát phuï gia
adhere v. to remain attached or stick
(to something): Baùm chaët, dính
z adhesion n. ability to remain
attached (to something),
especially the ability of a tyre to
grip the road surface: Söï baùm, ñoä
baùm
z adhesive n. substance used to
join together two or more solids so
that they from a single piece, such
as resins, formaldehyde, glue,
cement, etc.: Chaát keát dính
z adhesive bonding = joining
together of two or more solids by
the use of glue, cement, or other
adhesives: Söï daùn
z adhesive tape = sticky tape
usually with one shiny side and
one side coated with adhesive:
Baêng keo
z adhesive weight = a small lead
weight used to balance a wheel:
Troïng löôïng chì baám vaøo baùnh
xe ñeå caân baèng
adiabatic a. niether losing nor
gaining heat, therefore thermally
efficient: Ñoaïn nhieät
z adiabatic engine = engine
which makes the best use of
combustion heat by reducing heat
loss due to coolant: Ñoäng cô ñoaïn
nhieät
adjust v. to put (something) into the
correct position: Ñieàu chænh
z adjust the ignition timing =
cause the spark to occur at the
 correct moment: Ñieàu chænh thôøi
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
z adjustable a. that can be
changed or made different: Coù
theå ñieàu chænh
adjuster spanner
chaán coù theå ñieàu chænh ñöôïc
z adjustable spanner = open–
end spanner with a single smooth
jaw that can be adjusted to fit nuts
and bolts of different sizes: Moû
leách
z adjuster n. device for moving
something into a different or the
correct position: Thieát bò ñieàu
chænh (vò trí)
z seat adjuster = mechanism for
moving a seat backwards and
forwards: Cô caáu ñieàu chænh
khoaûng caùch gheá ngoài
z adjuster cam = cam in a drum
brake which acts on the shoes to
take up the adjustment, i.e. bring
the shoes closer to the drum: Cam
chænh (phanh troáng)
z adjusting gauge n. tool such as
a feeler gauge used to check
distances and clearances between
parts for adjustment purposes:
Thieát bò ño khe hôû (laù côõ)
z adjusting screw = screw for
altering e.g. the idling speed of
the engine or for brake
adjustment: Vít ñieàu chænh caàm
chöøng
z adjusting shim = shim for
reducing clearances especially in
adjusting valve tappets: Shim
(mieáng cheâm) ñieàu chænh
(suùpaùp)
z adjusting sleeve = sleeve on
the end of the tie rod which
shortens or lengthens it to increase
5
z adjustable shock absorber =
shock absorber which can be
made harder or softer: Boä giaûm
advance curve
or reduce toe-out: Thanh ñieàu
chænh goùc chuïm baùnh xe
z adjustment n. (a) altering or
correcting the position of
something or the position or valve
achieved: Söï ñieàu chænh
(b) possibility of altering or
correcting the position of
something; clearance or play:
Khaû naêng thay ñoåi hoaëc hieäu
chænh vò trí cuûa moät vaät
z there is no adjustment left =
the adjusting screw or nut is at the
end of its travel: Chænh heát côõ
z to take up the adjustment = to
obtain the correct position, usually
by reducing a clearance: Hieäu
chænh ñuùng (khe hôû)
a-drier n. paint drier with heating
elements below the stoving line:
Boä saáy sôn
adsorption n. bonding of a solid with
a gas or vapour which touches its
surface: Söï huùt baùm
(NOTE: opposite is desorption)
z adsorption canister n. =
ACTIVATED CARBON
CANISTER: Baàu huùt hôi xaêng
advance 1 v. to cause (something) to
occur earlier: Tröôùc, sôùm
z to advance the spark or
ignition or timing = to cause the
spark and therefore combustion to
occur earlier: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm .
2 n. extent to which the ignition
spark is made to occur earlier:
Goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm
 z the ignition needs more
advance = the spark is occurring
too late: Caàn ñaùnh löûa sôùm
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
z advance capsule n. = vacuum
advance (unit): Boä ñaùnh löûa sôùm
chaân khoâng
advance weight
inlet manifold: Ñöôøng ñaëc tính
ñaùnh löûa sôùm sôùm
z the ignition is (over-)
advanced = the spark is occurring
(too) early: Ñaùnh löûa quaù sôùm
(NOTE: opposite is retard)
z advance weight n. either of
the two weights in a centrifugal
advance mechanism: Quaû vaêng
cuûa cô caáu ñaùnh löûa sôùm ly taâm
aeration n. foaming due to the
introduction of air into hydraulic
fluid or the oil of a shock
absorber: Söï taïo boït (giaûm xoùc)
aerial n. long metal tube for
receiving radio signals: Aênten
(NOTE: US English is antenna)
aerodynamic a. 1 relating to the
flow of air round a moving body:
Khí ñoäng löïc thaân xe
2 (of a car, bodywork, etc .)
streamlined, offering low wind
resistance: Hình daùng khí ñoäng
löïc
z aerodynamics n. (a) branch
of dynamics dealing with the
motion of air and with the forces
acting on bodies moving through
the air: Khí ñoäng löïc hoïc
(b) aerodynamic properties: Ñaëc
ñieåm khí ñoäng löïc hoïc
z The poor aerodynamic of
early cars resulted in wastage of
power = early cars had too much
wind resistance which wasted
6
z advance curve n. curve
showing how the amount of
ignition advance increase with the
after-start enrichment
power: Nhöõng chieác xe hôi coù
hình daùng khí ñoäng hoïc keùm laøm
laõng phí coâng suaát
(NOTE: sense (a) is singular,
sense (b) is plural)
aerofoil n. wing-like structure, used
on racing cars to achieve negative
lift or down-force: Caùnh giaûm löïc
naâng xe ñua
A/F = air/fuel: Tæ soá giöõa gioù vaø
nhieân lieäu
z Three-way catalytic
converters demand close a/f
control = the air/fuel mixture has
to be carefully controlled when
using three-way catalytic
converters: Boä xuùc taùc TWC yeâu
caàu hoaït ñoäng trong cheá ñoä ñieàu
khieån kín hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
A/F (dimension) n. width across the
flats (of a hexagon, square drive,
etc.): Chieàu roäng maët caét ngang.
A-frame n. a-shape chassis frame,
typically of a trailer or caravan:
Khung xe hình chöõ A
afterburning n. completion of the
combustion of incompletely burnt
mixture in the exhaust system: Söï
chaùy tieáp.
z CO and HC levels can be
reduced by afterburning =
emissions of carbon monoxide and
hydrocarbons can be reduced by
burning incompletely burnt
 mixture: Möùc CO vaø HC coù theå
giaûm nhôø chaùy tieáp
z aftercooler n. heat exchanger
in a diesel engine which cools the
intake of air before it enters the
cylinders: Boä giaûi nhieät khoâng
khí naïp.
after-start enrichment n.
enrichment of the air/fuel mixture
on starting the engine, especially
in electronic fuel injection
aged catalyst
laøm ñaäm hoãn hôïp sau khi khôûi
ñoäng
aged catalyst n. catalyst which has
been used: Xuùc taùc ñaõ qua söû
duïng
(NOTE: opposite is fresh
catalyst)
z age-hardening n. hardening of
aluminium or metal alloys as a
result of ageing: Söï ñoâng cöùng
z ageing n. change of
characteristics in some metal after
heat treatment or cold working:
Söï thay ñoåi tính chaát khi xöû lí
nhieät
aggressive agent or medium n.
corrosive material which attacks
metals: Taùc nhaân (moâi tröôøng)
aên moøn kim loaïi
agitation cup n. type of paint pot for
spray guns fitted with an integral
agitator: Coác troän (sôn)
z agitator n. device for mixing
paint by shaking: Bình troän sôn
baèng caùch laéc
a.h. = AMPERE-HOUR
AH rim n. rim design able to run
with a flat tyre and with increased
safety in case of sudden air loss:
Nieàng xe kieåu AH (coù theå chaïy
khi xì voû)
7
systems, regulated by the
electronic control unit ; it is
reduced either at a fixed rate or as
engine temperature increases: Sö
air-conditioning
aimer n. tool for aiming headlights:
Duïng cuï caân ñeøn ñaàu
aiming n. adjusting the direction of
headlight beams: Söï caân ñeøn
ñaàu.
air n. mixture of gases forming the
atmosphere: Khoâng khí
z put some air in the tyres =
inflate the tyres: Bôm baùnh xe.
z Here is too much air in the
mixture = the mixture is too
weak: Hoãn hôïp loaõng.
air bag n. bag in the fascia region
which inflates on impact and thus
saves the occupants of the vehicle
from injury caused by being
thrown against the interior
structure in a collision: Tuùi khí.
z air bag module or unit = the air
bag plus inflator and cover: Cuïm
tuùi khí
z air bag restraint system =
system using an air bag to restrain
occupants in a collision: Heä thoáng
baûo veä baèng tuùi khí
(NOTE: this is also called a
passive restraint system)
air bellows n. rubber vessel or sleeve
filled with compressed gas or to
act as a compression spring in air
suspensions: Giaûm chaán khí
 z air brake n. brake
mechanism in which compressed
air acting on a piston or diaphragm
is used to apply the brakes; mainly
found in commercial vehicles:
Phanh hôi
z air charge temperature (act)
n. temperature of the air sucked
into the carburettor or fuel
injection system: Nhieät ñoä khoâng
khí naïp.
z air cleaner n. = AIR
FILTER: Loïc gioù
air-cooled
air-cooled a. cooled by a current
of air as opposed to water, etc.:
Laøm maùt baèng khí
(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled)
z air correction jet n. jet
admitting air into the emulsion
tube of a carburettor: Giclô khoâng
khí (gioù)
z air cushion n. = AIR BAG:
Tuùi khí
z air dam n. spoiler under the
front bumper to reduce wind
resistance: Taám giaûm löïc caûn gioù
z air deflector n. US = AIR
SHIELD: Taám chaén gioù
z air duct n. any passage
conducting air, particularly for
heating and ventilation: OÁng daãn
khoâng khí (heä thoáng ñieàu hoøa)
z air filter n. device for filtering
dust and dirt out of the air drawn
into the carburettor or fuel
injection system through the air
intake: Loïc gioù
z air filter element = element of
absorbent paper or felt inserted
into the air filter, which catches
8
z air compressor n. device for
supplying compressed air, e.g. for
paint spraying or in an air brake
system: Maùy neùn khí
z air-conditioning n. system of
filtering air and keeping it at a
desirable temperature and
humidity level: Maùy ñieàu hoaø
khoâng khí
air induction
dirt and dust in the air drawn into
the engine: Maøng loïc gioù
z airflow n. flow of air past a
moving object, especially a
vehicle, or through a duct: Löu
löôïng khoâng khí
z airflow sensor = sensor in an
electronically controlled fuel
injection system which has a flat
that is deflected by the intake air
and thus governs the amount of
fuel delivered; it also incorporates
a temperature sensor: Caûm bieán
löu löôïng khoâng khí
air/fuel (A/F) a. relating to the
combination of air and fuel in the
charge for combustion: Tæ soá gioù
vaø nhieân lieäu
z a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture
= a mixture containing little or a
lot of fuel in relation to air: Moät
hoãn hôïp hoøa khí giaøu hoaëc
ngheøo.
z variations in the air/ fuel ratio
= variations in the amount of fuel
in relation to air, more air
resulting in a lean or weak
mixture, less air in a rich mixture:
 Söï thay ñoåi cuûa tæ soá hoãn hôïp
hoøa khí
air gulp system n. system in vehicles
with secondary air injection or
induction, which prevents an over-
rich mixture being supplied to the
inlet manifold during
deceleration, resulting in unburnt
fuel being carried over to the hot
exhaust system where it cause
uncontrolled detonations: Heä
thoáng caáp gioù khi giaûm toác.
air hold fitting n. special tool for
work on OHV-engine used to
keep valves closes by mean of air
air injection manifold
khí vaøo oáng thaûi
z air injection manifold = duct
inside or a tube outside the
cylinder head feeling secondary
air into the exhaust ports: Ñöôøng
oáng daãn khoâng khí vaøo oáng thaûi.
z air intake n. opening through
which air enters, especially for the
carburetor or fuel injection
system, for the radiator or for the
heating and ventilating system:
Ñöôøng daãn khoâng khí
z airless spraying n. spraying
process in which the coating
material is not atomized by a
stream of air, but is subjected to
high pressure, which cause it to
pass through a jet or nozzle
allowing it to be atomized and
projected: Phun sôn baèng aùp löïc
z air less spray gun = spray gun
used for air–less spraying: Suùng
sôn neùn
air line n. (a) pipe hose or duct which
conveys air or vaccum: OÁng daãn
khí hoaëc chaân khoâng.
9
pressure: Duïng cuï ñoùng suùpaùp
baèng khí neùn
air horn n. motor horn in which a
blast of compressed air through a
reed: Keøn hôi.
z air induction or injection
system n. secondary air system
without air pump, using aspirator
valves and the pulse air principle
to introduce fresh air into the
exhaust system to promote
afterburning of unburnt
hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide: Heä thoáng bôm khoâng
air silencer
(b) compressed air supply for
inflating tyres, driving compressed
air tools, etc.: Bôm baùnh xe
z air micrometer n. precision
control for adjusting the air
quantity delivered by a spray gun:
Boä chænh gioù trong suùng phun
z air outlet n. opening from
which air exits, especially for
ventilation and demiting: Cöûa
thoâng gioù
z air pressure n. pressure
exerted by air, e.g. on the
diaphragm of a brake servo: Aùp
löïc khoâng khí (leân maøng)
air ratio n. air/air ratio, i.e. the ratio
of the actual intake air volume to
the air volume theoretically
needed for complete combustion
of the fuel content of air/ fuel
mixture: Heä soá dö löôïng khoâng
khí
air receiver n. = AIR TANK: Baàu
chöùa khoâng khí, bình khí neùn
z air select valve n. valve in a
two stage catalytic converter with
secondary air injection, which is
 solenoid-operated and is triggered
by the electronic control module
to direct air to the exhaust valve
ports or to the catalytic converter,
depending on operating
conditions: Van ñieàu khieån bôm
khoâng khí (vaøo oáng thaûi)
z air sensor n. sensor which
monitors the air quantity inside
the car, checks it for the presence
of pollutants, and operates flaps to
cut off the external air to the air
conditioning system if the
pollutant concentration is too high:
Caûm bieán khoâng khí trong xe
z air shield n. sloping panel on
the roof of a vehicle, especially a
commercial vehicle or trailer,
air spring
incorporated in the air filter to cut
out induction hiss: Boä phaän giaûm
thanh trong loïc gioù
z air spring n. = AIR
BELLOWS: Giaûm chaán baèng khí
z air suspension n. vehicle
suspension in which air or gas in
compression is the principal or
only spring medium: Heä thoáng
treo khí
(NOTE: also called pneumatic
suspension)
z air tank n. container for
compressed air, especially for a
compressor: Baàu chöùa khí neùn
z air volume n. quantity of air:
Theå tích khoâng khí
Al = ALUMINIUM: nhoâm
alarm (system) n. theft protection
system, which typically provides
the following function : exterior
and interior protection; locking the
boot and bonnet; making the
10
intended to improve air-flow:
Caùnh höôùng gioù
(NOTE: US English is air
defector)
z air shock absorber n. shock
absorber incoporating a rubber
boot filled with compressed air
serving as an auxiliary pneumatic
spring ; mainly used for lever
control purposes on the rear axle
of a vehicle, e.g. when towing
heavy trailers: Boä giaûm chaán khí
z air silencer n. device usually
alloy
ignition system inoperative: Heä
thoáng choáng troäm.
alarmed a. protected by an alarm:
Ñöôïc (gaén) choáng troäm
align v. to bring into line or be in line
(with something): Canh thaúng
haøng
z aligning punch n. tool use to
align holes, e.g. for inserting a
screw or bolt or to centre round
components with other parts: Muõi
ñoät canh loã
z alignment n. state of being in
line or act of bringing into line: söï
canh thaúng haøng.
z alignment mark = mark, e.g.
on a timing gear or camshaft
pulley, which must be brought into
line with another mark too give
the correct position: Daáu chæ thò,
daáu caân chænh
alkaline battery n. secondary battery
using an alkaline electrolyte
(dilute potassium hydroxide) and
 used for driving electric cars: Aéc
quy kieàm
z alkaline degreasing n.
removal of any greasy substances
with an alkaline solution: Dung
dòch (kieàm) taåy.
all-alloy engine n.engine in
which the cylinder head, block,
crankcase and sump are all of
light alloy: Ñoäng cô hôïp kim
z all-aluminium body n. body
shell made almost entirely of
aluminium: Khung nhoâm
allen key n. key (in effect a spanner)
for recessed hexagon screws and
bolts, consisting of a bar with a
right angle bend and six flats in
the end: Chìa khoùa luïc giaùc
z allen screw = type of recessed
hexagon screw: Vít luïc giaùc
alloy piston
z alloy piston = piston made
primarily of aluminium: Pittoâng
hôïp kim nhoâm
alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n.
wheels made of light alloy, mainly
aluminium but also magnesium,
for sports and other high-speed
cars: Baùnh xe hôïp kim
all-steel body n. body shell made
almost entirely of steel, asopposed
to a body with a wooden frame
and panels made of steel or
aluminium: Khung theùp
z all-terrain a. for use on any
kind of surface: Cho moïi ñòa hình
(xe)
z all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly
for off-road vehicles: Voû xe chaïy
moïi ñòa hình
z all-terrain vehicle = OFF-
ROAD VEHICLE: Xe ñòa hình
11
alligator clip n. US = CROCODILE
CLIP: Loaïi keïp caù saáu
all-out braking n. using the
maximum braking effort
available: Söû duïng heát khaû naêng
phanh
z the car loses directional
stability under all-out braking =
the car tends to swerve when the
brakes are applied as hard as
possible: Xe bò maát höôùng
chuyeån ñoäng khi phanh heát côõ
z alloy n. (a) any metallic
substance of various elements:
Hôïp kim
(b) any light metal, typically
aluminium: Kim loaïi maøu saùng
ambient temperature
z all-wheather tyre n. tyre
suitable for use in rain and on
snowy or icy roads as well as in
warm and dry conditions: Voû xe
chaïy moïi thôøi tieát
z all-wheel drive n. & a. = four
wheel drive: Boán baùnh chuû ñoäng,
xe hai caàu.
z all-wheel steering = four-
wheel steering: Heä thoáng laùi boán
baùnh.
alternating current (AC) n. a
continuous electric current that
periodically reverses direction:
Doøng ñieän xoay chieàu
(NOTE: opposite is direct current)
alternator (ALT) n. generator which
produces three-phase alternating
current inside its stator winnings:
Maùy phaùt (xoay chieàu)
z alternator charging light =
warning light on the instrument
 panel which comes on when the
alternator is not charging: Ñeøn
baùo saïc (naïp)
altimeter n. instrument showing
height above sea level: Duïng cuï
ño ñoä cao (so vôùi maët nöôùc bieån)
alumina n. form of aluminium oxide
used as substrate for ceramic
catalysts: alumin (moät daïng cuûa
nhoâm oxit ñöôïc söû duïng nhö
chaát xuùc taùc cho vaät lieäu goám).
z alumina beads = tiny beads of
alumina used in some catalytic
converters: Boät nhoâm cho boä xuùc
taùc
aluminium (AL) or US n. silvery
lightweight metallic element
resistant to corrosion: Nhoâm
z aluminium alloy = metal
containing aluminium mixed with
another metal or metals: Hôïp kim
nhoâm
ambulance
ambulance n. vehicle designed for
for carrying sick or injured
people: Xe caáp cöùu.
ammeter n. instrument for measuring
(in amperes) the electrical current
flow in a circuit: Ampe keá
amp = AMPERE
amperage (rating) n. strength of an
electric current in amperes, used
e.g. for making fuses: Ñoä lôùn,
cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän.
z ampere n. the basic unit for
measuring electric current,
usually abbreviated to amp: Ñôn
vò ño cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän vieát
taéc laø amp.
z ampere-hour (a.h.) n. unit of
the quantity of electricity flowing
in one hour through a conductor
carrying a current of 1 ampere:
12
z aluminium wheel = alloy
wheel: Baùnh xe hôïp kim nhoâm
z aluminized a. coated with
aluminium or aluminium paint:
Phuû nhoâm
z aluminium n. US =
ALUMINIUM: Nhoâm
ambient air n. air outside and
surrounding the vehicle: Khoâng
khí beân ngoaøi
z ambient temperature n.
outside temperature: Nhieät ñoä
moâi tröôøng
zambient temperature switch
= switch which delays compressor
action in an air-conditioning
system when the outside
temperature is low: Caûm bieán
nhieät ñoä moâi tröôøng
angle-nose pliers
Ñieän löôïng cuûa moät doøng ñieän 1
ampere chaïy qua vaät daãn trong
1 giôø
z a 36 a.h. battery = a battery
with a capacity of 36 ampere-
hours: Dung löôïng cuûa aéc quy laø
36 a.h
z ampere-hour capacity =
quantity of electricity which a
battery can deliver under given
conditions such as temperature,
rate of discharge, and final
voltage, depending on the number
of plates used: Dung löôïng cuûa
moät aéc quy (tính baèng
ampere/giôø).
amplifier n. device used to produce
a larger electrical signal, as to
amplify sound signals in radios,
etc.: Thieát bò khueách ñaïi.
 z ignition amplifier = device
used to increase the electrical
signal in an electronic ignition
system: Boä khueách ñaïi tín hieäu
ñaùnh löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa)
amplitude modulation (AM) n. form
of radio transmission in which
the frequency of the carrier wave
is uncharged, but its amplitude
varies in accordance with the
input signal: Soùng AM trong
radio
analogue cluster n. instrument panel
display using dials and numbers:
Baûng ñoàng hoà, tableau kim
(NOTE: opposite is electronic
cluster)
anchorage n. fixing point for a seat
belt , seat or other stress-bearing
item which is not part of the
structure: Söï coá ñònh, söï ñònh vò.
anchor bolt n. = THROUGH
BOLT: Bu-loâng ñònh vò, bu-loâng
choát
angle of lock
with jaws having a right-angle
bend, for gripping e.g. items in a
recess, etc.: Keàm muõi vuoâng.
z angle of lock n. angle between
the line through the centre of a
wheel seen from above when
taking a corner and the same line
when going straight: Goùc laùi giôùi
haïn.
z angle parking n. parking at
an angle to the pavement or
parking line: Goùc ñaäu xe.
(NOTE: also called echelon
parking)
z angle screwdriver n.
screwdriver usually having two
blades at either end, both at right
13
ancillaries n. components placed
close to or fitted on the engine,
such as alternator, power steering
pump, supercharger, fuel pump
and water pump, and driven by the
engine: Caùc thieát bò phuï treân
ñoäng cô
aneroid-type thermostat n.
thermostat consist of a metallic
bellows partially filled with
acetone, alcohol or similar volatile
liquid: Van haèng nhieät loaïi khí
aùp
angle grinder n. power tool (either
electric or driven by compressed
air) with abrasive discs, especially
for removing old paintwork and
smoothing the surface prior to
spraying: Maùy maøi goùc
z angle-nose pliers n. pliers
anti-corrosive
angles to the shank: Tuoác nô vít
chöõ Z
z angular motion n. =
ROTATION: Söï xoay voøng, quay
anneal v. to treat (a metal, alloy, or
glass) with heat and then cool it to
remove internal stress and to
make the material less brittle: Toâi
(theùp)
z annealing furnace n. oven or
furnace with controllable
atmosphere in which metal, an
alloy, or glass is annealed: Loø toâi
annular a. in the form of a ring:
Hình voøng, hình khuyeân.
z annular gap = circular gap:
Khe hôû voøng.
 z annulus (gear) n. hollow
gear-wheel in the form of a ring
with either internal teeth, as in
epicyclic or planetary
transmissions, or external teeth:
Voøng raêng.
anode n. positive electrode in an
electrolytic cell: Cöïc döông.
z anodic coating or film or oxide
layer n. protective, decorative,
or functional coating, formed in an
anodizing process: Maøng (lôùp)
oxít ôû cöïc döông.
z anodize v. to deposit a hard,
non-corroding oxide layer on
(aluminium or light alloy): Lôùp
oxít hoùa anoát.
z anodizing n. process by which
a hard, non-corroding oxide layer
is deposit on aluminium or light
alloys: Oxít hoùa anoát.
z anodizing bath or tank = tank
in which the anodising process is
performed: Boàn oxít hoùa anoát.
ANS = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM: Heä
thoáng giaûm thanh
anti-dazzle mirror
corrosion: Haïn cheá söï aên moøn
z anti-dazzle mirror n. =
DIPPING MIRROR: Göông
choáng choùi.
z anti-dive (system) n. front
suspension arrangement that
converts the down-ward force in
the suspension links cause by
braking into a vertical force that
tends to lift the body, thus
reducing dive under braking: Heä
thoáng choáng chuùi ñaàu xe.
z anti-drum compound n.
sticky material, usually based on
bitument or rubber, applied to the
14
ANSI (short for) American National
Standard Institute: Vieän tieâu
chuaån quoác gia Hoa Kyø
antenna n. US aerial: Anten
anti-chip coating n. resilient
intermediate coat between the
primer and the top coat, applies to
the protect the body shell from
chip-ping damage cause by gravel
or stones: Lôùp sôn loùt choáng traày
z anti-chipping primer or filler
= a resilient primer protecting
paintwork from chipping cause by
gravle or stones: Lôùp sôn loùt
choáng traày
z anti-corrosion a. combating
and protecting against corrosion,
especially rust: Choáng aên moøn
z anti-corrosion warranty = a
warranty, usually limited to
corrosion damage, valid for an
average of 6 years: Giaáy baûo
haønh khoâng bò aên moøn
z anti-corrosive a. inhibiting
anti-thief (security) system
inside of panels to reduce noise
due to vibration or ‘druming ’:
Vaät lieäu choáng rung
antifreeze n. chemical, such as
ethylene glycol, added to the
cooling water of an engine to
lower its freezing point: Chaát
choáng ñoâng.
antifriction bearing n. any bearing
supporting its load on rolling
surfaces, such as balls, rollers or
needles, to minimize friction: Baïc
loùt giaûm ma saùt.
anti-knock additive or agent n.
petrol additive preventing
 premature ignition (i.e. knocking
or pinking ) of the mixture in the
combustion chamber, e.g.
tetraethyl lead or tetramethyl
lead: Chaát choáng kích noå.
z anti-knock index n. measure
of the antiknock properties of the
petrol, particularly in north
american, where it is defined as
half the sum of the research
octane number and motor octane
number: Chæ soá choáng kích noå.
anti-rattle spring n. = SPREADER
SPRING: Loø xo choáng soác.
z anti-roll bar n. steel torsion
bar running across the car as part
of the front and, less frequently,
rear suspension layout and used to
reduce body roll during cornering:
Thanh choáng xoaén.
z anti-rust treatment n.
treatment of iron and steel, i.e.
using sealant, for the purpose of
corrosion protection: Söï choáng ræ
seùt.
(NOTE: also called rust proofing)
z anti-skid braking system (AS-
BS) n. = ANTI-LOCK
(BRAKING) SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
phanh choáng tröôït
anti-vibration mounting
additional locking device
(especially for the steering
wheel), or an electric circuit
immobilizing the car by
disconnecting the start and /or
ignition: Heä thoáng choáng troäm
z anti-vibration mounting n.
flexible (typically rubber)
mounting for an engine, gearbox
or other mechanical item, that
reduces the amount of noise and
vibration passed from the item in
15
z anti-spin regulation (ASR) n.
control or prevention of wheel
spin under power, normally by
means of electronic sensing and in
conjunction with anti-lock
braking: Söï ñieàu khieån löïc keùo.
z anti-squat system n. rear
suspension arrangement that
converts the downward force
cause by acceleration into a
vertical force that tends to lift the
rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’
under acceleration: Heä thoáng
naâng ñuoâi xe khi taêng toác
z anti-squeal shim n. shim
places behind the brake piston (or
behind the brake pad in disc
brakes) to reduce squeal: Mieáng
ñeäm choáng oàn khi phanh
z anti-sway bar n. US = ANTI-
ROLL BAR: Thanh choáng laéc
(ñaûo) xe
z anti-thief (security) system n.
either an alarm system, or an
armature
question to the chassis: Giaù
(khung) choáng rung.
anvil n. heavy iron block on which
something is placed for forging:
Caùi ñe
A-pillar or A-post n. upright
member in front of the front door,
a major structural part of the body
frame: Truï ñô õ khung cöûa phía
cöûa tröôùc.
application n. use to which
something is put : söï ñaët vaøo, söï
tra vaøo.
z applicator n. tool for putting
something onto a surface, such as
spreader for filler: Duïng cuï raéc,
treùt
z apply v. to put (something) on
(to something): Ñaët leân
apron n. panel extending
downwards, typically forming a
skirt along the side of the car or an
air dam at the front: Taám chaén
buøn.
AQL (short for ) acceptable quality
level: Möùc chaát löôïng coù theå
chaáp nhaän.
aquaplaning n. loss of contact
between the tyre and a wet road
when it rides up on a layer of
surface water: Söï tröôït treân
ñöôøng öôùt
aqueous solution n. water-based
solution: Dung dòch neàn.
arbor n. rotating shaft or spindle in a
machine tool on which, for
example, a grinding wheel or
piece for machining is fitted: Truïc
chính, ñaàu laép
arc v. to jump across a gap,
especially of an electric current
forming a discharge: Hoà quang
ñieän.
armature brake
current interacts with a magnetic
field to produce torque in a motor:
Phaàn öùng
z armature brake n. mechanical
or electrical component in a
starter used to stop armature
movement after the starter motor
has been switched off: Cô caáu
haõm truïc phaàn öùng.
16
arcing n. (a) sparking and discharge
at the contact breaker points in the
distributor, a cause of premature
wear of the points: Söï phoùng tia
löûa treân vít löûa
(b) faulty spraying technique
where the spray gun is not moved
along the panel surface at a
uniform distance, but is moved
towards the panel when starting
and is moved away again towards
the end of the panel ; this results
in an uneven thickness of paint
being applied: Sôn khoâng ñeàu
arc welding n. welding process
widely used for do it yourself
repairs (as the required equipment
is fairly cheap) in which the
welding current is generated by a
transformer, and the circuit is
closed when the electrode held in
the welding rod holder touches the
metal surface ;the electrode burns
off as the rod holder is moved
along: Haøn hoà quang ñieän
armature n. coil or coils of wire
around a metal core in which
electric current is induced in a
generator, or in which the input
asymmetric rim
z armature shaft n. shaft on
which the armature is mounted in
a starter or generator: Truïc (loõi)
phaàn öùng.
armour-plated a. made bullet-proof,
e.g. with extra-thick body panels
and glass: Boïc theùp
articulated a. made in two separate
sections, with a joint or coupling
 between them; especially of
commercial vehicles consisting of
a tractor or towing unit and a
trailer, having a swivelling
coupling giving better
manoeuvrability: Khôùp noái, baûn
leà.
z articulated bus = bus in two
sections, usually a single-decker,
with passenger accommodation in
both sections: Xe buyùt hai
khoang
asbestos-free a. Khoâng coù amiaêng
ASBS= ANTI-SKID BRAKING
SYSTEM
ASC see ANTI-SPIN REGULATION
ascending stroke n. = UP-STROKE:
kyø ñi leân.
ASD=AUTOMATIC SLIP-CONTROL
DIFERENTIAL: Vi sai töï ñoäng
kieåm soaùt tröôït
aspect ratio n. ratio between the
height and the width (e.g. of a
tyre): Tæ soá giöõ chieàu cao vaø
chieàu roäng loáp xe.
aspiration n. sucking in of the air/
fuel mixture or breathing process
of an internal combustion engine:
Söï huùt (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí)
aspirator valve n. check valve in air
induction systems: Van huùt.
ASR = ANTI-SPIN REGULATION:
Heä thoáng oån ñònh xe.
ATC
rim)
ATC = AUTOMATIC TEMPERA-
TURE CONTROL: Ñieàu khieån
nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng
ATDC (short for ) After Top Dead
Center: Sau ñieåm cheát treân
ATE = AUTOMATIC TEST
EQUIPMENT: Thieát bò kieåm tra
töï ñoäng
17
assemble v. to put together or build
up (something) from a number of
parts: Laép raùp.
z assembled crankshaft = build
up crankshaft: Truïc khuyûu ñöôïc
raùp töø nhieàu ñoaïn
z assembly n. the process or
result of putting together a number
of components: Söï laép raùp, quaù
trình laép raùp
z assembly line = production line
where a vehicle is progressively
built up from its individual
components: Daây chuyeàn laép raùp
asymmetric(al) a . not having
parts that correspond, not uniform
(especially in distribution):
Khoâng ñoái xöùng.
zasymmetric power distribution
or split = transmitting more
power to the front or rear wheels
in a four wheel drive: Söï phaân
phoái coâng suaát khoâng ñoái xöùng
z asymmetric beam = a
headlight beam which has greater
intensity on one side than the
other: Chuøm aùnh saùng khoâng ñoái
xöùng
z asymmetric rim = wheel rim
where the well is located outside
the centreline of the wheel:
Nieàng xe khoâng ñoái xöùng
(NOTE: opposite is symmetric
automatic
ATF = AUTOMATIC
TRANSMISSION FLUID: Daàu
hoäp soá töï ñoäng
atmospheric corrosion n. gradual
destruction or alteration of metals
or alloys by contact with substance
present in the atmosphere, such as
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
vapour, and sulphur and chlorine
 compounds: Söï aên moøn hoùa hoïc
trong khoâng khí
z atmospheric pressure n.
pressure exerted by the
atmosphere at the earth’s surface:
Aùp suaát khí quyeån
atomize n. to produce a fine spray,
e.g. of paint: Söï taùn nhuyeãn,
phun.
z atomizer n. device for
producing a fine spray e.g. on a
spray gun: Cô caáu laøm mòn tia
phun (sôn)
z atomizing pressure n.
pressure needed to atomize a
liquid such as a paint: Aùp suaát taùn
nhuyeãn (sôn)
atramentizing n. corrosion protection
process in which steel is coated
with phosphate using a zinc
phosphate solution at 900C: Phuû
keõm
attachment n. a fitting or accessory
to be used in conjunction with a
tool such as a grinding disc for use
with an electric drill: Ñoà gaù
attack n. example of corrosion or
another damaging, especially
chemical, action: Söï taùc ñoäng.
attenuation n. reduction, especially
of noise or emissions: Söï caét
giaûm oâ nhieãm hoaëc tieáng oàn
ATV = ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE:
Xe ñòa hình.
automatic choke
automatically switch to the
recirculation mode when the
pollutant levels of the air inside
the vehicle exceed certain levels
(e.g. in rush-hour nose-to-tail
traffic), but after a certain period
of recirculation (typically after 3
minutes), opens the intake air
18
authorized dealer n. firm selling and
servicing a particular make of
vehicle, appointed by the
manufacture: Ñaïi lyù uûy quyeàn
auto 1 n. & a. = AUTOMATIC n. :
Töï ñoäng
2 US = AUTOMOBILE: OÂtoâ, xe
hôi
z auto bonnet = car cap: Capoâ
oâtoâ
z autochoke n. = AUTOMATIC
CHOKE: Caùnh böôùm gioù töï
ñoäng.
autoclave n. sealable high-pressure
container used for polymerisation
and in tyre production: Noài haáp
(trong coâng nghieäp nhöïa vaø loáp
xe)
automatic n. colloquial short form
for automatic transmission, or a
car with automatic transmission:
Töø vieát taét ñeå chæ hoäp soá töï ñoäng
hoaëc xe coù hoäp soá töï ñoäng
z automatic air conditioning
(system) = air-conditioning
system which automatically
maintains a preset temperature:
Heä thoáng ñieàu hoøa khoâng khí töï
ñoäng
z automatic air recirculation
(control) system = heating and
ventilation subsystem which
automatic transmission fluid
doors again to let some fresh air
in, even if its quality is still
questionable: Heä thoáng tuaàn
hoaøn khoâng khí töï ñoäng.
z automatic choke = device in
the carburetor intake which
positions the choke valve
automatically in accordance with
 engine temperature or time:
Böôùm gioù töï ñoäng
z automatic closing system =
system which automatically
closes doors windows and sunroof:
Heä thoáng ñoùng cöûa töï ñoäng
z automatic frequency control
= automatic retuning of stations on
the FM waveband when subject to
drift: Doø ñaøi FM töï ñoäng
z automatic gearbox = gearbox
in an automatic transmission
system which changes gear
automatically: Hoäp soá töï ñoäng.
z automatic level control or
levelling system = suspension
system that automatically adjust
front and rear ride heights to
compensate for changes in axle
loads ; this can either be achieved
by adding air absorbers to a
conventional suspension system,
or by incorporating the system in a
sophisticated pneumatic or
hydropneumatic suspension
system: Ñieàu khieån ñoä cöùng heä
thoáng treo töï ñoäng.
z automatic muting = car radio
circuit which automatically
cancels noise output during
tuning: Maïch trong radio töï
ñoäng loaïi boû nhieãu khi doø ñaøi
z automatic seat belt =
INERTIA REEL SEAT BELT:
Ñai an toaøn töï ñoäng.
z automatic slip-control
differential (ASD)
electronically controlled,
automatic volume control (AVC)
hoäp soá töï ñoäng.
automatic volume control (AVC) n.
car ratio circuit which
automatically adjusts the volume
automatic locking differential
developed by Mercedes-Benz: Cô
caáu khoùa vi sai töï ñoäng.
z automatic speed control =
cruise control: Ñieàu khieån ga töï
ñoäng.
z automatic temperature
control (ATC) = device for
maintaining a constant
temperature in the vehicle
interior: Thieát bò ñieàu khieån
nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng (ñieàu hoøa)
z automatic test equipment
(ATE) = usually electronic
equipment for testing ignition,
wiring, fuel injection systems, etc:
Thieát bò kieåm tra töï ñoäng.
automatic transmission n.
transmission which changes the
gear ratio without assistance from
the driver and without
interruptionof power flows, the
changes being governed by
factors such as engine load and
vehicle road speed (although the
driver usually has a manual
override): Hoäp soá töï ñoäng
z automatic transmission fluid
(ATF) = special oil used
inautomatic transmissions: Daàu
=
auxiliary drive shaft
to the noise level in the car: Söï
ñieàu chænh aâm löôïng töï ñoäng.
z automic wear adjuster n.
device that compensates
19
 automatically for wear, e.g. in the
brakes or clutch: Cô caáu ñieàu
chænh ñoä moøn töï ñoäng (phanh, ly
hôïp)
z automatic wire stripper n.
wire striper that automatically
adjusts to the size of the wire to be
stripped and removes the
insulation without damaging the
wires inside: Kìm tuoát daây töï
ñoäng.
automobile n. dated or formal word
for motor car in British english,
but still widely used in american
english: Xe hôi, oâtoâ.
z automobile association =
major motoring organization,
specially the automobile
association (AA) in great British
and the american automobile
association (AAA): Hieäp hoäi oâtoâ.
z automobile engineering =
automotive engineering: Kyõ
thuaät oâtoâ
z automobile industry = motor
industry: Coâng nghieäp oâtoâ.
z automobile manufacture =
motor manufacture: Nhaø saûn xuaát
oâtoââ.
z automobile mechanic = motor
mechanic: Thôï söûa chöõa oâtoâ.
z automobile polish = car polish:
Söï ñaùnh boùng oâtoâ.
automotive a. relating to or
occurring in motor vehicles:
Thuoäc veà oâtoâ, trong oâtoâ
z automotive adhesive =
adhesive used in the manufacture
of motor vehicles: Keo söû duïng
trong saûn xuaát oâtoâ
auxiliary driving lamp
or distributor: Baùn truïc phuï.
20
z automotive electronics =
applications of modern electronics
to the motor vehicles: Ñieän töû
oâtoâ.
z automotive electrician =
electrician working on and
designing systems for motor
vehicles: Thôï ñieän oâtoâ.
z automotive emissions = all
types of release into the
atmosphere from motor vehicles,
including exhaust gas, fuel and
crankcase fumes, and noise: Chaát
thaûi oâtoâ.
z automotive engineering = the
design and construction of motor
vehicles: Kyõ thuaät (coâng ngheä)
oâtoâ
z automotive tool = tool for use
in the construction or repair of
motor vehicles: Duïng cuï söûa
chöõa oâtoâ (ñoà ngheà)
AUX = AUXILIARY: Thieát bò phuï,
phuï tuøng.
(NOTE: an abbreviation often
used to label fused)
auxiliary a. additional, upplementary:
Thieát bò phuï.
z auxiliary brake lights =
additional brake lights mounted at
eye level in the rear window to
reduce the risk of being run into
from behind: Ñeøn phanh phuï.
z auxiliary drive shaft =
secondary drive shaft driving for
example, the fuel or water pumps
axle shaft
 z auxiliary driving lamp = lamp
suplementing the light from the
headlamps, such as a fog lamp or
spot lamp: Ñeøn laùi phuï.
z auxiliary gearbox = extra
gearbox used in conjunction with
the main (manual) gearbox to
provide an additional range of
speeds: Hoäp soá phuï.
z auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in
a leaf spring): Laù nhíp phuï
AVC = AUTOMATIC VOLUME
CONTROL
average 1 n. mean value or rate: Tyû
leä trung bình (giaù trò trung bình).
2 v. to achieve a certain mean
value or rate: Ñaït giaù trò trung
bình.
3 a. found by calculating the
mean value or rate: Giaù trò trung
bình
z average speed or fuel
consumption = the distance
covered divided by the time taken
or the fuel used: Toác ñoä trung
bình (möùc tieâu thuï nhieân lieäu
trung bình).
aviation fuel n. fuel suitable for
aircraft: Nhieân lieäu cho maùy bay.
awl n. tool with a sharp point and a
fluted blade for piercing holes:
Caùi duøi.
awning n. roof of canvas or similar
material stretched out from e.g. a
caravan for protection from the
sun and rain: Maùi che, mui xe.
axis n. centreline about which a body
can or could rotate, or which
divides a figure into two
symmetrical parts: Truïc (quay)
21
axle n. transverse bar, tube, shaft or
beam which carries wheels at
their end: Truïc, vi sai (caàu xe).
z axle casing = external,
basically tubular housing
containing the differential and
half-shafts and with bearings at
either end for the hubs: Voû vi sai.
z axle housing = AXLE
CASING: Voû caàu xe (vi sai).
z axle load = AXLE WEIGHT:
Taûi troïng caàu xe.
z axle stand = tripod which is
adjustable for height and used for
supporting the vehicle for longer
jobs: Con ñoäi cheát 3 chaân
z axle tramp = rocking or
oscillation of an axle under heavy
acceleration or braking due to
inadequate damping: Söï rung
ñoäng cuûa caàu khi taêng toác hoaëc
phanh
z axle tube = that part of the axle
casing enclosing the half-shaft, or
the tube forming a tubular rigid
axle: Voû caàu (vi sai) phaàn baùn
truïc
z axle weight = that part of the
weight of a vehicle resting on the
wheels of an axle: Taûi troïng caàu
xe.
z axle drive n. final drive:
Truyeàn ñoäng cuoái cuøng.
z axle shaft n. short shaft
connecting the differential and the
drive shaft on each side in an
independent suspension layout:
Baùn truïc caàu xe.
Babbitt metal
Bb
Babbitt metal n. alloy of tin, copper,
antimony, and lead still
occasionally used for bearing
surfaces: Hôïp kim choáng maøi
moøn trong beà maët baïc loùt
baby seat n. seat for babies weighing
up to about 20lbs, normally
installed facing backwards on the
front seat and allowing a half
upright seating position: Gheá daønh
cho treû em
BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Noàng
ñoä coàn trong maùu.
back axle n. rear axle, usually on a
four wheel vehicle: Caàu sau.
z back axle ratio = FINAL
DRIVE RATIO: Tæ soá truyeàn
ñoäng cuoái cuøng.
backbone chassis n. chassis based on
a single central spine carrying or
containing the drive train, the body
shell being mounted on outriggers:
Khung chính
backfire 1 n. explosion either at the
wrong time in the cylinder, or of
unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture in the exhaust system,
causing a loud bang: Tieáng noå ôû
oáng thaõi
2 v. to make a loud bang as a result
of unburnt or only partly burnt
mixture exploding in the exhaust
system or in the cylinder: Gaây ra
tieáng noå lôùn ôû poâ
backlash n. excessive play in a
mechanical system such as gears
or linkages, due to looseness
or flexing: Khoaûng cheát, khe hôû.
21
back-voltage
backing light n. US = REAR
WINDOW: Kính sau.
z US backing heater or
defogging system = heated rear
window: Kính söôûi, heä thoáng
xoâng kính.
z back panel n. = REAR PANEL:
Taân sau xe
backplate n. fixed heavy-gauge
metal plate attached to the
suspension and carrying the brake
shoes and brake operating
mechanism of a drum brake, or the
plate carrying the brake pad in a
disc brake: Maâm phanh
(NOTE: US - English is backing
plate)
back pressure n. any pressure holding
back the flow of the gases in an
exhaust system: AÙp suaát ngöôïc
cuûa khí thaûi
backrest n. back of a seat: Löng gheá
back up v. US = REVERSING: De
xe, luøi xe.
back up alarm n. US reverse
warning signal: Keøn baùo luøi xe.
z back-up light n. US =
REVERSING LIGHT: Ñeøn luøi xe.
back-voltage n. voltage which
opposes the current when the
current in an inductive circuit
changes and the magnetic fields
cuts the conductors: Ñieän aùp
ngöôïc.
z self-induction back-voltage =
back-voltage produced by self-
induction; this induced electro-
motive force opposes the change
badge
in current and enhancing it if the
current is decreasing: Ñieän aùp
ngöôïc töï caûm.
badge n. typically, the maker’s logo
in coloured enamel on chrome
plate but can also be letters or
symbols indicating a particular
type or model, such as V-12, 16V,
fiesta, etc.: Bieåu töôïng, huy hieäu.
baffle (plate) n. usually transverse
steel plate reducing the flow or
motion of gases or liquids, e.g. in a
silencer, in the sump of an engine
or in a fuel tank: Taám chaén (giaûm
doøng chaûy)
bake v. to dry or cure (a paint or other
finish) using heat: Nung, saáy.
bakelite n. proprietary, hard, brittle
plastic used in the early days of
plastic engineering, esp. for
electrical parts because of its good
insulating properties: Nhöïa caùch
ñieän, nhöïa bakeâlit.
balance 1 n. state in which weight is
evenly distributed: Söï caân baèng.
2 v. to fix weights, e.g. to the rim
of a wheel or to a crankshaft in
order to correct weight distribution
and thus reduce vibration: Laøm
caân baèng.
z balance crankshaft = z balancing n. adjustment of
crankshaft with extended webs to
form counterbalances or
vibration damper: Truïc khuyûu ñaõ
ñöôïc caân baèng ñoäng (nhôø ñoái
troïng)
z balanced engine = engine in
which all reciprocating parts such
as pistons and connecting rods are
adjusted to exactly the same
weight: Ñoäng cô ñaõ caân baèng
z balance control n. knob or slide
ball
control which adjusts the level of
the left and right speakers of a
stereo system: Nuùt caân baèng aâm
thanh giöõa loa traùi vaø phaûi.
z balance disc n. balance device
in centrifugal pumps, in the front of
a disc fitted to the pump shaft,
which lifts when a force is
generated on the underside of the
disc, leaking pressure until the
axial forces are balanced: Ñóa caân
baèng (bôm ly taâm)
z balance pipe n. in a twin
carburetor layout, a pipe joining
the inlet tracts or choke tubes of
the two carburetors to even out
differences in flow: OÁng caân baèng
(boä cheá hoøa khí).
z balance shaft n. additional
rotating shaft in the crankcase
fitted with counterweights, esp. in
single and twin cylinder engines,
to reduce vibration: Truïc caân
baèng.
z balance weight n. small lead
weight fitted to the wheel rim to
restore wheel balance: Mieáng chì
baám nieàng xe
z balancer n. wheel balancer:
Thieát bò caân baèng baùnh xe.
incorrect and uneven weight
a distribution: Ñieàu chænh ñeå caân
baèng ñoäng.
z balancing weight = balance
weight
bald tyre n. tyre on which the tread
is completely worn away: Loáp xe
quaù moøn
balk ring n. =baulk ring: Voøng caûn
ball n. (a) spherical part, e.g. in a ball
bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi
22
ballast ignition system
(b) = TOWBALL: Khôùp noái caàu.
z ball and nut steering n. =
recirculating ball steering: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu bi tuaàn hoaøn
z ball and socket (joint) n. = ball
joint: Khôùp caàu.
ballast ignition system n. ignition
system incorporating a ballast
resistor connected in series with
the coil primary winding and
bypassed when the starter is
operated, ensuring improved cold
starting performance and spark
efficiency: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa coù
ñieän trôû phuï.
z ballast resistor = resister in
which the resistance increase as
the current passing through it
increases, use in motor vehicles to
control the output from the coil at
high engine speeds and provide a
better spark for starting: Ñieän trôû
phuï.
ball bearing n. most common type of
antifriction bearing, comprising
two rings or races between which
hardened steel balls run in tracks,
and able to absorb both axial and
radial loads: Baïc ñaïn bi, voøng bi,
oå bi
z ball bearing puller = puller for
removing ball bearings that sit on a
shaft and in a housing: Caûo oå bi
(baïc ñaïn)
z ball cage n. circular frame
which holds the balls in place in a
ball bearing: Voøng (reá) bi.
z ball end hexagon screwdriver
n. screwdriver with a ball type
hexagon tip allowing it to be used
at an angle of up to 300 from the
screw head: Tua nô vít ñaàu luïc
23
banger
giaùc coù voøng bi.
z ball joint n. mechanical coupling
in which ball on the end of one part
moves freely within a recessed
spherical socket in the end of
another, often used in suspension
and steering linkages: Khôùp caàu.
z ball joint separator = tool for
forcing out ball or tapered joints,
either in the from of the simple
fork with wedge–shaped jaw
which is struck with a hammer to
separate the joint,or a tool using
direct pressure from a screw–
activated lever action to split the
joint: Thieát bò thaùo khôùp caàu.
ball peen hammer n. hammer with a
head having one flat and one
rounded end: Buùa ñaàu troøn.
z ball socket n. recessed spherical
socket for receiving the ball in a
ball joint: Hoác caàu.
z ball valve n. non-return valve
comprising a recessed spherical
seating into which a ball fits to
cover a hole, closing if the flow of
liquid is reversed: Van bi caàu
(moät chieàu)
bal res = BALLAST RESISTOR:
Ñieän trôû phuï.
band brake n. brake consisting of a
steel band with a friction lining
passing round a drum, which
contracts and grips the drum, when
the brake is applied: Ñai phanh
(phanh)
bandwidth n. range of audio
frequencies an audio component
such as a car stereo can handle:
Baêng taàn (radio).
banger n. (informal) old, cheap and
well-worn car, which may however
banger racing
still be serviceable: OÂtoâ cuõ
z banger racing = racing beat-up
old saloons from which the glass
and trim has been removed on
small tracks, with aggressive
driving and frequent contact
between the car: Cuoäc ñua oâtoâ cuõ.
banjo n. (a) type of right-angled union
for a pipe or flexible hose,
comprising a ring–shaped piece on
the end of the pipe through which a
threaded hollow bolt is passed: Ñai
sieát oáng
(b) drum-shaped central part of an
axle casing containing the
differential: Baùn caàu vi sai.
z banjo axle = rear axle with a
drum-shaped differential casing:
Voû caàu vi sai daïng baùn caàu.
bar n. unit of pressure; one bar equals
100 kilopascals or 14.5 pound-
force per square inch: Ñôn vò ño
aùp suaát.
bar clamp n. tool with a fixed head
and a sliding foot for clamping
purposes: Thanh keïp.
barometric pressure sensor or baro
n. sensor in an engine management
system providing information on
ambient barometric pressure for
the adjUStment of mixture etc.,
which is important for the
maintenance of good engine
performance at different altitudes:
Caûm bieán ño aùp suaát khí quyeån.
barrel n. main tubular section of a
carburetor including the air intake
and choke tube: Hoïng khueách taùn
boä cheá hoøa khí.
barrier cream n. special cream
recommended for use when
working on cars to reduce soiling
24
basic ignition setting
of the hands and prevent skin
infections or allergic reactions
when working with substance such
as oils, thinners, paints, etc.: Kem
baûo veä da.
z barrier effect n.the effect
produced by coatings sheilding
especially metal surfaces from
corrosive agents: Taùc duïng choáng
aên moøn
z barrier paint n. primer which
isolates a top coat from a surface
or other finish with which it is
incompatible: Sôn loùt.
base n. lowest supporting part of a
usually upright member, or bottom
layer or coating in a paint system:
Neàn, ñeá, beä, caên baûn
z base coat n. first coat in a paint
system,either an undercoat or
primer, or a coloured coat to be
cover in a coat of clear lacquer:
Lôùp sôn loùt
z base material n. material under
a coating or which is to be coated:
Vaät lieäu neàn
z base metal n. metal under a
coating or which is to be coated:
Kim loaïi neàn, kim loaïi cô baûn
z base metal attack = corrosion
of the metal under a finish: Söï aên
moøn kim loaïi neàn
z baseplate n. strong metal plate
which forms the base of
something: Taám ñeá kim loaïi.
basic ignition setting or timing n.
position to which the ignition is set,
which is then varied by the
automatic advance system: Thôøi
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa cô baûn
z basic price n. minimum list
price of a centain car model, to
basic timing
which must be added any tax or
extras, the charge for delivery,
number plates, etc.: Giaù goác
(chöa thueá vaø phí)
z basic timing n.=basic ignition
timing: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa cô
baûn
batch n. 1 number of things
produced as a group: Moät löôït,
moät ñôït.
2 mixture of natural and/ or
synthetic rubbers, and vulcanizing
agents, used in tyre production:
Hoãn hôïp cao su vaø chaát löu hoaù
bath n. process of immersion or the
container used: Boàn, beå, chaäu.
battery n. on most cars, a lead-acid
storage-battery, usually of 12
volts: Aéc quy, bình ñieän
z the battery is flat or dead =
there is no current left in the
battery: Aéc quy heát ñieän
z check the battery and top up if
necessary = check the level of the
battery acid in the battery cells and
add distilled water to restore the
level if needed: Kieåm tra möïc
dung dòch vaø chaâm nöôùc
battery acid n. fluid in the cells of a
car battery, in fact sulphuric acid:
Dung dòch ñieän phaân
z battery capacity n. = ampere
hour capacity: Dung löôïng aéc quy
z battery case n. housing make
of polypropylene used to
accommodate the cells of a battery
with their plates and seperators,
and the battery acid: Voû bình ñieän,
voû aéc quy.
z battery charge n. condition of
the battery in relation to the
amount of current stored unit: Söï
25
battery discharge controller
saïc, naïp bình.
(NOTE: also called state of
charge)
z battery charge indicator =
instrument showing the state of
charge of the battery: Ñeøn baùo saïc
z battery charger = device which
can be plugged into the mains and
connected to a store battery to
restore its state of charge: Maùy
(cuïc) saïc bình.
z battery charging station =
centre with high capacity battery
chargers for recharging batteries,
esp. of electric cars: Traïm saïc
bình.
z battery compartment n.
separate space provided for the
battery, usually under bonnet but
sometimes below the rear seat or
in the boot: Ngaên ñaët aéc quy.
z battery condition n.= battery
charge: Tình traïng aéc quy.
z battery connector n. plug on
battery-powered vehicle to connect
the batteries to a charging station:
Daây noái bình.
z battery cover n. one-piece
cover permanently sealed to the
battery case and with common
batteries provided with one
opening for each of the individual
cells for filling and topping-up
purposes, such openings are
usually closed by plugs but are
absent on modern maintenance–
free batteries: Naép ñaäy bình ñieän
z battery discharge controller n.
device on vehicle with electric
motor drive, which triggers a
warning indicator and/ or turns off
the power supply when the battery
battery earth
voltage drop bellow a certain
minimum level: Thieát bò baûo veä
aéc quy khoûi söï phoùng ñieän
z battery discharge indicator =
instrument on vehicles with
electric motor drive which
indicates battery charge condition
in percent of full charge: Ñoàng hoà
baùo ñoä phoùng ñieän
z battery earth n. earth provided
by a braided earth strap or a heavy
–duty cable leading from the
negative terminal (or
exceptionally, in positive earth
systems, from the positive
terminal) to a suitable point on the
body or chassis: Noái mass aéc quy
z battery filler n. device with a
suction ball which can suck up
liquid and discharge it into the
battery: Thieát bò chaâm dung dòch.
z battery fluid n. = battery acid:
Dung dòch ñieän phaân
z battery ignition (system) n.
general term for any battery-
powered ignition system where
battery voltage by an ignition coil
or transistorized ignition unit: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baèng aéc quy.
z battery master switch n.
switch which disconnects the
battery completely and cuts off
power to all electrical components:
Coâng taéc ngaét mass aéc quy.
z battery post n. round terminal
on a battery to which cable is
attached, USually by a clamp: Coïc
bình.
(NOTE: to avoid confusion, the
positive post is usually of larger
diameter than the negative post)
z battery state indicator =
26
bead
battery charge indicator
z battery terminal n. terminal on
the battery either in the front of a
post or a lug with a hole; also used
sometimes to mean the clamp on
the end of the cable: Cöïc aéc quy
z battery tester n. voltage meter
or hydrometer for checking the
state of charge of a battery: Thieát
bò kieåm tra aéc quy.
z battery tray n. metal ledge
supporting the battery, usually on
the side of the engine bay: Khay
ñöïng aéc quy.
baulk ring n. part in a synchromesh
gearbox which prevents a gear
being engaged too soon: Voøng
ñoàng toác.
bayonet cap n. cylindrical base of an
electric light bulb, usually with two
pins projecting on either side,
which engage in j-shaped slots to
lock the bulb securely in its socket:
Ñuoâi ñeøn
z bayonet fitting or socket =
socket with either twin contacts or
a single contact and j-shaped slots
on either side to receive the pins of
the bulb: Raõnh chuïp ñuoâi ñeøn
BDC = BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
bead n. (a) the part of a tyre which is
shaped to fit the rim, made of steel
wires wrapped and reinforced by
the plies of the tyre: Tanh (gaân)
voû xe.
(b) any small ball-like part, such as
the glass beads used in bead
blasting or the pellets used in
contains catalytic converters: Haït
xuùc taùc.
z bead base n. the part of the tyre
bead blasting
bead in contact with the rim bead
seat: Tanh chính.
z bead blasting n. cleaning
process using glass beads that is
fairly slow, but gives a high quality
finish since paint
contamination can be removed
without affecting the critical
tolerances of parts being blasted:
Söï xöû lí beà maët (sôn)
z bead core n. ring of steel wires
in the tyre bead: Loõi tanh voû.
bead seat mat n. seat cover made of a
network of wood beads: Thaûm boïc
gheá baèng caùc mieáng goã nhoû
beam axle n. now used for any rigid
axle, but the original sense was a
nondriven axle form of an I-section
beam: Daàm caàu bò ñoäng daïng chöõ
I.
beam indicator n. light on the
instrument panel which comes on
usually only when the main
headlight beam is in use: Ñeøn baùo
ñeøn pha
bearing n. device which supports or
positions a usually rotating or
reciprocating part such as a shaft,
esp. in such a way that little or no
friction results: Baïc loùt, oå bi.
bearing assembly n. assembly of
more than one bearing for the
same component, where more than
one load has to be supported: Cuïm
oå bi (2 voøng trôû leân)
z bearing cage n. circular frame
which holds the balls or rollers in
place in a ball or roller bearing:
Voøng caùch oå bi.
z bearing cap n. rigid,
semicircular part which encloses
and holds the outer shell of a shell
bearing separator
bearing, as in the main bearings of
an engine: Naép ñaàu to thanh
truyeàn (bieân).
bearing clearance n. space between
the bearing surface and its journal:
and Khe hôû giöõa bieân vaø baïc loùt.
z check the con rod for big-end
bearing clearance = check the
gap between big-end and crankpin:
Kieåm tra khe hôû giöõa ñaàu to
thanh truyeàn vaø coå truïc khuyûu.
z bearing cone n. = taper roller
bearing: OÅ bi coân
z bearing cup = bearing shell:
Baïc loùt hai nöûa
z bearing housing n. housing for a
bearing, such as the centre section
of a turbocharger which supports
compressor and turbine housings
and the shaft to which the
compressor and turbine wheels are
attached: Thaân ñôõ baïc loùt (taêng
aùp)
z bearing material n. metal layer
forming the surface of a plain
bearing, typical of white metal:
Lôùp kim loaïi beà maët baïc loùt.
z bearing puller n. tool used to
remove different types of bearings
by pulling action: Duïng cuï thaùo
baïc ñaïn
z bearing race n. in balls or
rollers bearings, one of two steel
rings between which the balls or
rollers run in tracks: Voøng (trong
hoaëc ngoaøi) baïc ñaïn
z bearing separator n. special
tool used to separate double
bearings or close fitting gear, esp.
when a conventional jaw-type
puller cannot be used, having
bevelled edges which allow
27
bearing shell
insertion behind the bearings and
gears to be separated: Duïng cuï
thaùo baïc ñaïn ñaëc bieät.
z bearing shell n. one of a pair of
thin semicircular steel cups lined
with an alloy such as copper-lead
or lead-indium, which together
enclose a shaft or other rotating
member, and are held in a circular
housing which can be divided into
two halves: Baïc loùt hai nöûa
z bearing spread n. diameter
slightly greater than that of the
housing with which almost all main
and big-end bearings are
manufactured; this means that the
bearing shell has to be force into
place, and so can not rotate; there
is also total contact between its
back and the housing: Söï caêng
löng baïc loùt.
z bearing surface n. area of the
bearing actually in contact with the
shaft or other member being
supporting: Beà maët tieáp xuùc cuûa
baïc loùt.
bed n. flat area used as a support:
Neàn moùng.
z bed in v. to make parts fit
together accurately: Chaïy raø.
z it take a while for new brake
pads to bed themselves in = new
brake pads have to wear slightly to
be a perfect fit on the discs: Toán
thôøi gian ñeå nhöõng boá phanh aên
khôùp hoaøn toaøn vôùi ñóa phanh.
z bedding-in oil n. engine oil for
use when run in new bearings:
Daàu chaïy raø maùy.
beefed up a. (informal) made
stronger, e.g. for heavy loads:
Maïnh ñeå taêng taûi
28
belted bias tyre
beetle n. (informal) the original rear
engined volkswagen: Teân goïi cuûa
xe Volkswagen.
bell housing n. circular housing
between the crankcase and
gearbox containing the flywheel
and clutch, or the torque converter
in the case of automatic
transmission: Caùcte baùnh ñaø hay
ñaàu traâu hoäp soá.
belt n. (a) loop of strong material
passed round two or more pulleys
and transmitting drive from one to
the other, such as a fan belt or
timing belt: Daây ñai (truyeàn
ñoäng)
(b) = seat belt: Daây ñai an toaøn
(c) reinforcing layer or layers of
steel or nylon strands in the carcass
of a radial fly tyre: Lôùp boá voû xe.
z belt anchorage n. point where
the end of a seat belt is attached to
the body of a car: Maáu giöõ ñai an
toaøn
belt drive n. system for transmitting
power by means of a belt passing
round pulleys: Truyeàn ñoäng daây
ñai.
belted bias tyre n. hydrid tyre which
is a mixture between cross-ply and
radial-ply designs, with added
belts (as in radial tyres) on
diagonal body plies (as in cross-ply
tyres), resulting in stiffer sidewalls
than with straight radial tyres:
Loaïi voû vôùi lôùp boá xieâng (cheùo)
z belt end n. part of the seat belt
carrying the buckle and attached to
the floor pan, increasing replaced
by buckle attached directly to the
car seat: Ñaàu giöõ ñaây ñai an toaøn
belt mounting
belt mounting n. = belt anchorage:
Maáu giöõ ñai an toaøn
z belt retractor n. device which
automatically pulls the seat belt
back into its reel: Cô caáu ruùt ñai
an toaøn
z belt sander n. power sanding
tool with a rotating belt lined with
abrasive: Maùy ñaùnh boùng baèng
baêng vaûi nhaùm.
z belt slacker n.looseness of a
drive belt: Söï giaõn daây ñai
z belt slip n. slipping of a drive
belt on its pulleys due to
insufficient tightness, so that no
power is transmitted: Söï tröôït ñai.
z belt tensioner n.arrangement
for tightening a drive belt, often
comprising an idler pulley whose
position can be adjusted: Thieát bò
caêng ñai.
z belt transmission n. = BELT
DRIVE
z belt up n. to put on one’s seat
belt: Khoaùc daây ñai an toaøn
(NOTE: US English is buckle up)
z belt webbing n. strong webbing
material used for seat belts: Ñai
vaûi
bench n. workbench, also used to
mean a test bed for engines: Baøn
thôï maùy, baêng thöû ñoäng cô
z bench grinder n. power grinder
for mounting on a workbench, with
two grinding wheels for grinding
and sharpening purposes: Baøn
maùy maøi.
bench seat n. seat in one piece
tretching across the full width of
the car: Gheá daøi trong xe
bench test n. stationary test, esp. of an
engine, in which it is mounted in a
29
binnacle
test bed and run for a period of
time ;checks being made with the
aid of instruments on e.g. power
output , fuel consumption and
emission levels: Kieåm tra ñoäng cô
treân baêng thöû
bench vice n. vice for mounting on a
workbench: Baøn eâtoâ.
bending pliers n. pliers with flat
smooth jaws used to hold sheet
metal in place,e.g. for welding:
Kìm moû cong duøng trong kyõ
thuaät haøn
z bending strength n. ability of a
material to resist the bending
moment: Söùc (ñoä) chòu uoán
Bendix drive n. form of drive mainly
used for starter motors, where a
pinion is mounted on a shaft with a
helical screw and rushes down the
shaft into engagement with the
starter teeth in the flywheel when
the shaft is spun: Truyeàn ñoäng
baèng baùnh raêng Bendix trong
maùy khôûi ñoäng.
(NOTE: also called inertia drive,
due to the heavy piston moving
along the shaft under the
momentum of its own weight or
inertia when the shaft turns inside
it)
z Bendix screw = the form of
helical screw on the shaft of a
starter motor: Raõnh xoaén oác (ñeà)
z Bendix starter = starter motor
with a bendix drive: Maùy khôûi
ñoäng söû duïng baùnh raêng Bendix.
benzene (C6H6) n. fluid constituent of
petrol: Benzen-loaïi hydrocacbon
thôm, maïch voøng
binnacle n. cluster of instruments
and/or switches mounted in a
bio-degradable
usually circular casing fixed on or
near the steering column: Duïng cuï
ño hay coâng taéc ñaët treân voâ laêng
laùi
bio-degradable a. cable of being
made to rot by bacteria: Coù theå bò
thoái röõa do vi khuaån
bit n. part of a tool for boring or
cutting, esp. the interchangeable
tip of a drill or the blade of a
screwdriver: Muõi (caét, xoaùy)
z bit adapter or holder = tool
with a female square drive at one
end to accept hexagon bits: Boä
phaän gaù tuyùp
bevel differential n. differential
which bevel gear for its main
element, which allows the input
and output shaft to be at right
angles to one another: Boä vi sai
baùnh raêng noùn
bevel drive shaft n. shaft with a bevel
gear at one ends, used esp. for
driving an overhead camshaft:
Truïc daãn ñoäng baùnh raêng noùn
bevel gear n. gear shaped in the
form of a frustum of a cone, used
to transmit motion through an
angle: Baùnh raêng noùn (coân).
z bevel gear drive or
transmission = form of
transmission used to drive shafts
which do not align with the output
shaft: Söï truyeàn ñoäng vuoâng goùc.
beverage holder n. circular clip for
holding a beaker or glass, typically
on the centre console: Voøng giöõ
bezel n. circular metal surround or rim
of an instrument, headlamp: Ñai
giöõ.
BHP = BRAKE HORSEPOWER:
Coâng suaát phaùt ñoäng (haõm).
30
bihexagonal
bias belted tyre n. = cross–ply tyre:
Voû coù lôùp boá xieân
bicycle carrier n.device attached to
the rear of a car, often supported
on a towbar, for carrying a bicycle:
Giaù treo xe ñaïp (treân xe hôi)
big-block engine n. US typical large
american V-8 engine of the 1960s
and 70s, with a simple and robust
design including cast-iron block
and heads and conventional
carburetors, and giving ample
power and enormous torque: Ñoäng
cô lôùn cuûa Myõ
big end n. end of the connecting rod
which fits round the crankpin: Ñaàu
to thanh truyeàn
z big-end bearing = bearing of
the connecting rod on the crankpin,
now nearly always in the form of
replaceble shell bearings, but
formerly of white metal deposited
on fixed shells: Baïc loùt ñaàu to
thanh truyeàn
z big-end bolt = one of the bolts
fixing the big–end cap to the
connecting rod: Buloâng ñaàu to
thanh truyeàn
z big-end cap = the detachable
end of the connecting rod which
fits on the crankpin: Naép ñaàu döôùi
thanh truyeàn
bihexagon n. & a. (figure) having
twelve angles ; the shaft of some
nuts, botls heads and their
corresponding sockets: Coù möôøi
hai caïnh.
z bihexagon socket = socket
which will it a standard hexagon
bolt head or nut: Tuyùp möôøi hai
caïnh.
z bihexagonal a. (of a nut, bolt
bimetallic corrosion
head, etc.) having twelve angles or
points: Coù möôøi hai caïnh.
bimetallic corrosion n. corrosion of
two different metal exposed to an
electrolyte while in electrical
contact: Söï aên moøn ñieän hoùa cuûa
löôõng kim.
binding n. (a) rubbing of brake shoes
against the drum or of brake pads
against the disc: Söï boù phanh.
(b) strip material turned over along
the edge of a carpet or mat: Rìa
bao, vieàn
bituminuos paint n. black or dark
coloured tarry paint which contain
bitumen ; used for the protection of
exposed metal parts: Sôn coù chöùa
nhöïa
black box n. (informal) (a) = crash
recorder: Hoäp ñen
(b) = control unit: Cuïm ñieàu khieån
z black chromium plating n.
electrolytic deposition of a black
chronium layer for decorative
purpose: Maï croâm ñen
z blackening n. = bulb
blackening: Boùng ñeøn hoûng (ñen
tim)
blade n. straight, narrow flat part,
such as the end of a screwdriver,
the part of the windscreen wiper in
contact with the windscreen, or one
of the vanes of a rotor or impeller:
Löôõi, caùnh, maùi, phieán
z blade connector = plain metal
tongue for forming electrical
connections: Phieán giaéc noái (daây
ñieän)
z blade rubber = rubber strip
fitted into the arm of a windscreen
wiper: Mieáng cao su lau kính (laù
mía).
31
blood alcohol (level or content)
z bladed impeller n. rotating
member of a centrifugal pump
fitted with blades or vanes: Caùnh
bôm.
z blanking plug n. rubber plug for
filling holes in the floorpan: Nuùt
bòt baèng cao su
blast cleaning n.remove of corrosion,
dirt, scale, etc., by a blast of
abrasive particles: Söï laøm saïch
baèng chaát nhaùm.
bleed v. to drain fluid from (a
hydraulic system) usually to
remove any air which may have
found its way in: Xaû gioù.
z bleed(er) screw = screw which
when slacked off allows hydraulic
fluid to escape: Vít xaû gioù.
z bleed(er) valve = valve which
when opened allows hydraulic
fluid to escape: Van xaû gioù.
blind rivet n. = pop rivet: Ñinh taùn
ñaàu chìm.
z blind spot n. area not visible
from the driver’s seat: Ñieåm muø.
blister n. bubble in the paintwork
cause by trapped moisture or air
under the paint or by rust: Bong
troùc, gioäp leân, phoàng leân (sôn).
blistering n. formation of blisters due
to rust or air or moisture trapped
under the paint: Söï bong troùc.
z blocking ring n. = baulk ring:
Voøng ñoàng toác.
block n. = cylinder block: Khoái
xylanh.
z block sanding n. sanding the
bodywork with a sanding block
which gives even sanding
pressure: Phun caùt
blood alcohol (level or content) n.
amount of alcohol in the blood due
blooming
to drinking: (Noàng ñoä) coàn trong
maùu.
blooming n. formation of an
undesired thin surface film or a
milky white haze or mist on
paintwork, which can occur when
paint is applied during humid, cold
conditions and is caused by
moisture being trapped in the wet
film: Söï ngöng tuï hôi nöôùc treân
lôùp sôn khi sôn xe trong thôøi tieát
laïnh aåm
blow 1 v. to become defective, either
by leaking or burning through: Bò
hö vì roø hoaëc chaùy
2 n. leak of air or gases,e.g. from
the exhaust: Söï roø ræ khí thaûi
z the silence or exhaust gasket is
blowing = gases are leaking from
the silencer or exhaust gasket: Khí
thaûi ñang roø ræ töø oáng giaûm thanh
(poâ)
z the short circuit caused the
fuse to blow = the fuse burnt
through because of the overload
caused by the short circuit: Ngaén
maïch gaây ra ñöùt caàu chì.
z blowback n. forcing back of
some of the air/fuel mixture
through the carburetor due to a
sticking valve or as a result of the
inlet valve closing late: Noå doäi.
z blow-by n. leakage of
compressed air/ fuel mixture and
gases (from combustion) past the
piston rings into the crankcase: Söï
loït khí.
z blowdown n. escape of gases
between the opening of the
exhaust valve and the piston
reaching bottom dead centre, or in
a two-stroke engine between
32
blow-out
exhaust port opening and transfer
port opening: Söï queùt khí.
z blowdown period = in a two-
stroke engine, the period between
exhaust port opening and transfer
port opening which should be
sufficiently long to drop below
time for the cylinder pressure, so
that the exhaust gases can be
expelled more easily: Chu kyø
queùt khí.
z blower n. (a) (informal ) =
SUPERCHARGER: Boä taêng aùp
(neùn khí)
(b) fan for an interior heating and
ventilation system, or more rarely
for an air-cooled engine: Quaït gioù
(giaøn laïnh)
z blower switch = switch for the
fan of a heating and ventilation
system: Coâng taéc quaït gioù
z blow gun n. pressure–fed spray
gun with a wide nozzle used to
blow out crevices, dust off large
areas, etc.: Suùng thoåi saïch (ñeå
sôn)
z blowlamp n. tool giving an
intense flame for burning off paint,
brazing and soldering , and heating
lead filter: Ñeøn ñoát sôn
(NOTE: US English is blow torch)
z blow-off valve n. spring-loaded
valve that prevents excessive boots
pressure in a turbocharger or
supercharger: Van xaû khí (taêng
aùp)
z blow out v. to clean (a blocked
pipe,etc.) by blowing or passing air
under high pressure through it:
Thoåi vôùi aùp suaát cao (ñeå thoâng
oáng)
z blow-out n. puncture in which
blue smoke
the tyre bursts and often leaves the
rim: Noå voû.
blue smoke n. exhaust smoke
indicating too rich a mixture: Khoùi
xanh (hoãn hôïp quaù giaøu)
BMC = BRITISH MOTOR
CORPORATION
BMW n. German make of car, the
letters standing for bayerishe
motorenwerke: Xe hôi cuûa Ñöùc (
vieát taét cuûa chöõ Bayerishe
Motoren Werke).
board n. = printed circuit board: Bo
maïch in
z board test = test of the printer
circuit board: Kieåm tra bo maïch
in
bodge 1 n. (informal) a hasty botched-
up repair, not carried out with the
proper tools or materials: Söï söûa
chöõa taïm thôøi, chaép vaù
2 v. (informal) to do work badly,not
using the proper tools or materials:
Söûa chöõa voäi vaõ
body n. (a) main visible upper
structure of a vehicle, as opposed
to the chassis and running gear:
Thuøng, thaân xe.
(b) main part or housing, e.g. of a
silencer: Voû boïc, thaân
(c) shank of a bolt: Thaân buloâng.
z body assembly n. building up of
the body from its various
components and panels: Söï laép
thuøng xe.
z body builder n. coach-builder:
Thôï laøm ñoàng xe.
z body-coloured a. (of bumpers,
etc.) painted in the same colour as
the body: Sôn cuøng maøu thaân xe
z body component n. structural
part of the body: Thaønh phaàn
33
body roll
thaân xe.
body construction n. manufacture
of a vehicle body: Söï cheá taïo thaân
xe.
z body fire n. hand tool for
smoothing body panels by
removing material from the
surface, e.g. on filled areas,
consisting of a file blade held in an
adjustable holder that may be
adapted to convex or concave
surfaces: Duïng cu laøm phaúng beà
maët
z body filler n. filler: Thôï treùt
ma tít
z body framing n. assembly of
the body components: Söï laép raùp
khung xe.
z body glass n. windows and
windscreen of a car: Kính xe.
z body hammer n. hammer for
knocking out dents: Buùa goø thaân
xe.
z body-in-white n. bare body
shell after welding but before
painting: Thaân xe tröôùc khi sôn
z body jack n. hydraulic device
for proving the force to push or
pull damaged body part into shape,
either directly or via straightening
equipment, e.g. pulling beams:
Con ñoäi duøng naén khung
z body repair n. repair to the
bodywork of a car made necessary
by accident damage or corrosion:
Söûa chöõa thaân xe (laøm ñoàng)
z body repair shop = workshop
specializing in the body repairs:
Xöôûng söûa chöõa thaân xe (xöôûng
ñoàng sôn)
z body roll n. rolling a vehicle’s
body when cornering: Söï laéc
body shell
nghieâng thaân xe.
z body shell n. the bare skeleton
of a vehicle, stripped of all running
gear, fittings, accessories and
detachable panels: Boä khung xe.
z body shop n. (a) body assembly
shop in a factory: Xöôûng laép raùp
thaân xe.
(b) = body repair shop: Xöôûng laøm
ñoàng sôn
z body stripe n. ornamental strip
along the bottom of the side of the
body usually on sports cars and
including the make and / or model
name in large letters: Ñöôøng vieàn
thaân xe.
z body tub n. bare body shell
minus all removable panels such as
doors and wings on cars featuring a
separate chassis which is lowered
onto the chassis during assembly:
Boä khung xe (tröø caùc chi tieát coù
theå thaùo ñöôïc).
z bodywork n. complete body
structure mounted on the chassis of
vehicles with separate chassis, and
the complete assembly of sheet
metal panels for car of unitary
construction: Thaân xe.
bogie n. assembly of four wheels on
two axles with common
suspension, usually on heavy
commercial vehicles and trailers:
Rô mooùc
boil v. to bubble and change party to
vapour due to heat, said of engine
coolant and colloquially of a car or
its engine, also of brake fluid:
Laøm soâi.
z boiling point n. temperature at
which a liquid boils: Ñieåm soâi
(nhieät ñoä)
34
bonnet release
bolt n. piece of metal bar with a screw
thread and a usually hexagon head,
for use with a nut or for screwing
into a part with a matching female
thread: Buloâng.
bond 1 n. state of adhesion: Traïng
thaùi gaén chaët.
2 v. to join by means of an
adhesive: Daùn, lieân keát, noái.
z bondung agent n. material that
provides adhesive properties:
Chaát keát dính
z bonding method n. method of
joining two parts together with an
adhesive: Phöông phaùp keát dính
bonnet n. hinged cover over the
engine bay, usually of metal but
now often of fibreglass: Naép capoâ,
naép ñaäy maùy.
(NOTE: US English is hood)
bonnet badge n. badge usually stating
the make in sometimes the model
of vehicle in the centre of the front
edge of the bonnet: Bieåu töôïng
haõng treân naép capoâ.
bonnet bump rubber or bonnet
bump n. rubber buffer mounted on
the vertical panel onto which the
bonnet is lowered: Ñeäm naép capoâ.
bonnet liner n. sound-absorbing
material attached to the inside of
the bonnet to reduce engine noise:
Lôùp caùch aâm trong capoâ.
bonnet lock n. locking mechanism
comprising a notched peg fixed to
front underside of the bonnet,
which fits into a hole with a sliding
latch in the panel above the grille:
Cô caáu khoùa naép capoâ.
z bonnet release n. cable with a
handle inside the vehicle which
releases the bonnet lock: Choát môû
bonnet (support) stay
capoâ (beân trong xe)
z bonnet (support) stay n. rod
which engages in a hole in the
bonnet to hold it in the open
position: Thanh choáng naép capoâ.
z bonnet tape n. double piping
with fabric covering used to keep
bonnet of on older-style cars from
rubbing in the paintwork of the
panels beneath them: Ñöôøng vieàn
naép capoâ.
booming n. low-pitched resonance,
esp. in the exhaust: Tieáng noå
vang ôû oáng thaûi.
boost 1 n. addition power, pressure or
charge, esp. the pressure from a
supercharger: Söï taêng aùp, taêng
coâng suaát.
(NOTE: also called boost
pressure)
2 v. to increase (power, charge,
pressure, etc.), amplify (an audio
signal, etc.): Taêng, khueách ñaïi.
z boost control valve = blow-off
valves: Van ñieàu khieån taêng aùp.
z booster n. amplifier unit which
increase the audio signal level at
the loudspeakers, fitted between
the radio or stereo unit and the
speakers, often mounted in the
boot: Boä khueách ñaïi (aâm ly)
z booster battery n. additional
battery connected in series to give
added power for starting: AÉc quy
ñöôïc maéc noái tieáp ñeå khôûi ñoäng
z booster cable = n. jump lead:
Daây noái aéc quy
z booster coil n. addition coil
which increase the strength of the
spark: Cuoän daây phuï ñeå taêng
ñieän aùp ñaùnh löûa
z boost gauge n. instrument
35
bore
indicated boost pressure: Thieát bò
ño aùp suaát taêng aùp.
z boost pressure n. pressure in
the intake system of the
superchargered engines when the
superchargered operates: Aùp suaát
taêng aùp
z boost sensor n. sensor located
in the choke tube which sends a
signal to the ignition control unit
according to pressure conditions,
and the control unit then adjusts
the ignition timing for optimum
performance: Caûm bieán aùp suaát
taêng aùp
z boost valve n. valve in a
hydraulic system which amplifies
pressure: Van taêng aùp (trong heä
thoáng thuûy löïc)
boot n. (a) separate area for lugguage
behind the rear seats and mostly
behind the rear window, or below
the rear window in the case of
fastback designs, with a hinged
cover: Ngaên haønh lyù (capoâ sau)
(b) = DUST BOOT: Voû chaén buïi,
voû chuïp.
(c) = WHEEL CLAMP: Caùi keïp
baùnh xe.
z booted version n. subsequent
saloon version with boot of a
model originally launch as a
hatchback: Ngaên haønh lyù rieâng
bieät.
z boot handle n. handle for
opening the bootlid: Tay caàm môû
ngaên haønh lyù (capoâ sau)
z bootlid n. hinged cover for the
boot: Naép ngaên haønh lí phía sau.
bore 1 n. (a) diameter of a cylinder,
especially of a cylinder in an
internal combustion engine:
bossing mallet
Ñöôøng kính xylanh ñoäng cô.
(b) internal wall of a cylinder:
Vaùch xylanh.
2 v. to bore and stroke an engine =
to increase the bore and stroke of
an engine: Laøm taêng ñöôøng kính
vaø khoaûng chaïy cuûa piston
z to bore out an engine = to
increase the bore of an engine:
Taêng ñöôøng kính xylanh (leân coát)
z bore/ stroke ratio n. relation of
the piston stroke to the diameter of
the cylinder of an engine, which
provide information as to whether
the engine is a short stroke or a
long stroke unit: Tæ soá giöõa
khoaûng chaïy vaø ñöôøng kính
xylanh.
bossing mallet n. mallet with a pear-
shaped wooden head commonly
used for shaping and stretching
metal over a sandbag or wooden
block: Caùi voà ñaàu loài.
botch 1 n. very badly executed piece
of work: Söï laøm hoûng, söï laøm
vuïng veà.
2 v. to do (a piece of work) very
badly: Laøm hoûng, laøm vuïng veà.
z botched-up job = (informal)
very badly executed repair which
is unlikely to last very long: Söûa
chöõa quaù toài
bottle jack n. small hydraulic jack in
the shape of a bottle: Con ñoäi hình
chai.
z bottleneck n. narrow stretch of
road, or point on a road where
traffic is held up: Choã ñöôøng heïp
deã bò taét ngheõn
bottom 1 a. lower or lowest: Thaáp
nhaát.
2 n. lowest point: Phaàn ñaùy, döôùi
36
36 bottoming
cuøng.
3 v. (a) (of suspension) to reach the
bottom end of its travel causing a
jolt: Ñaït ñeán ñieåm cuoái.
(b) (of a low part of vehicle) to
make contact with the ground:
Ñieåm tieáp xuùc vôùi maët ñöôøng.
z bottom dead centre (BDC) n.
lowest point of travel of the piston
in a (vertical) piston-operated
combustion engine, from which the
piston starts to move up-wards
again until it reaches the upper
point of travel (top dead center):
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
z the inlet valve closes 600 after
bottom dead centre or BDC = the
inlet valve closes 600 after the
piston‘s lowest point: Van naïp
ñoùng sau ñieåm cheát döôùi 600.
(NOTE: opposite is top dead
centre; the corresponding point (to
BDC) in a horizontally opposed or
‘flat’ engine is that furthest from
the combustion chamber, also
called outer dead centre)
z bottom end n. (a) all moving
part in the crankcase and their
bearings, or more narrowly, the
end of the connecting rod attached
to the crankshaft (the big end):
Ñaàu to thanh truyeàn.
(b) lower range of engine
revolutions: Voøng quay ñoäng cô
thaáp.
z bottom end torque = pulling
power at low engine speed:
Moâmen xoaén taïi toác ñoä thaáp.
z bottom gear n. first gear: Soá
moät
z bottoming n. contact between a
low part of a vehicle and the
bottom tank
ground: Ñieåm tieáp xuùc vôùi maët
ñöôøng.
bottom tank n. bottom radiator tank
in a thermosyphon water-cooling
system: Thuøng chöùa döôùi (cuûa boä
taûn nhieät)
bounce v. (a) (of valves or contact
breaker points) to chatter or
bounce instead of closing properly
at high speeds: Naûy leân, baät leân
(b) to put down and release a
conner of a vehicle : Söï haï xuoáng
vaø baät leân cuûa moät goùc xe
bowden cable n. control cable
consisting of a wire cable in a
sheath, used especially for choke,
clutch, and accelerator cables: Caùp
ñieàu khieån
bowser n. tanker for refuelling
especially military vehicles and
aircraft: Thuøng tieáp teá nhieân lieäu.
box n. = silencer: Hoäp giaûm thanh.
z box spanner n. spanner in the
form of a tube with one or two
hexagonal socket ends for fitting
over nuts and bolt heads, and with
holes in the sides to accept
crossbar called a tommy bar: OÁng
tuyùp
z box van n. van with a large
square-sectioned enclosed area for
goods behind the driver’s cab: Xe
coù thuøng chöùa haøng hoùa
z box wrench n. US = ring
spanner: Khoùa voøng.
B-pillar or B-post n. upright member
behind the front door supporting
the roof and carrying the striker
plate for the front door and, in the
case of four-door models, the
hinges for the rear door: Truï giöõa
ôû khung cöûa xe.
37
brake adjuster
brace n. part providing support or
reinforcement between two or
more components: Giaù, khung,
truï choáng, thanh giaèng.
z bracing n. (a) (action) stiffening
by mean of braces: Söï gia coá
(b) brace; part used to provide of
support: Thanh giaèng.
bracket n. support usually made from
metal strip for a part carried on or
suspended from a vehicle, such as
a fog lamp or exhaust system: Giaù
ñôõ, daàm coângxoân.
braided hose n. usually rubber pipe
covered in woven material or
braided wire, for fuel lines or
brake hoses: OÁng beän boá.
brake 1 n. (a) mechanism for slowing
or stopping a vehicle in motion, or
for holding it when standing still:
Cô caáu phanh, phanh.
(b) device for measuring the power
of an engine: Thieát bò ño coâng
suaát ñoäng cô.
(c) = SHOOTING BRAKE: Phanh
bò ñaâm.
z to put on or apply the brakes =
to brake: Ñaïp phanh.
z to stand on the brakes =
(informal ) to brake hard: Keït
phanh.
z to test an engine on the brake
= to find out how much power an
engine develops: Ño coâng suaát
ñoäng cô.
(NOTE: the device used nowadays
is called a dynamometer)
2 v. to operate the brakes in order
to slow down: Ñaïp phanh.
z brake adjuster n. device in a
drum brake system for moving the
shoes in relation to the drum: Cô
brake adjusting spanner
caáu ñieàu chænh phanh (phanh
troáng)
z brake adjusting spanner =
special spanner with a square
cutout to fit over a square adjuster
projecting from the brake
backplate: Khoùa ñieàu chænh
phanh.
(NOTE: US English is brake
wrench)
z brake adjusting tool = lever-
tyre tool for use on drum brakes
with star wheel adjustment, which
fits through a slot in the backplate
to turn the star wheel and adjust
the clearnce between the brake
shoe and the drum: Duïng cuï ñieàu
chænh phanh.
z brake band n. device used to
hold one of the three turning
members of the planetary gear set
in an automatic gearbox stationary
in order to change gear ratios,
being replaced in more modern
designs by, for example, and
multiple-disc clutches: Ñai phanh.
z brake bleeder n. workshop
equipment used to bleed air from
hydraulic brake, clutch or steering
system on vehicles: Duïng cuï xaû
gioù phanh.
z brake cable n. wire cable used
to operate the brakes in some
mechanical brake systems, still
used for trailers and for the
handbrake on most cars: Daây caùp
phanh.
z brake caliper n. assembly in a
disc brake system fitting over the
disc and containing the piston
which act on the brake pads, which
in turn press on the disc: Boä keïp
38
brake fluid
phanh.
z brake cylinder n. = wheel
cylinder: Xy lanh phanh.
z brake disc = flat metal disc in a
disc brake system, mounted on a
wheel hub and rotating with the
wheel until acted on by the brake
pads: Ñóa phanh.
(NOTE: US English is disc brake
rotor)
z brake dive n. dipping of a car’s
front end or lifting of the rear end
when the brakes are applies, due
to a load transfer from the rear to
the front suspension: Söï chuùi ñaàu
xe khi phanh.
(NOTE: opposite is squat)
z brake drum n. metal drum
mounted on a car hub to from the
outer shell of the brake, against
which the brake shoes press to
slow or stop rotation of the drum
and wheel: Troáng phanh.
z brake fade n. loss of friction in
the brakes and thus of stopping
power due to overheating: Söï
tröôït phanh (do quaù nhieät)
z brake failure n. complete
failure of the brakes to function:
Hö hoûng phanh.
brake fluid n. special thin oil used in
hydraulic brake systems to transmit
force through a closed system of
pipes (i.e. brake lines): Daàu
phanh.
z brake fluid reservoir = usually
a translucent plastic tank located
either directly on top of the master
cylinder or on a higher lever for
easier access, which contains two
chambers in dual-circuit braking
systems, and may include a lever
brake horsepower
sensor: Bình daàu phanh.
brake horsepower n. power
developed by an engine which is
measured by a brake or
dynamometer; often abbreviated
as bhp: Coâng suaát ñoäng cô.
z brake hose n. flexible,
reinforced high-pressure hose,
used to connect the fixed brake
pipes to the brake assemblies that
move up and down with the
wheels: OÁng daãn daàu phanh.
z brake light n.red rear light
activated when the foot brake is
applied; usually integrated in a tail
light assembly: Ñeøn phanh.
(NOTE: also called stop light)
z brake lining n. curved strip of
friction material usually containing
asbestos attached to a brake shoe:
Boá phanh.
z riveted or bonded brake
linings = brake linings attached to
the brake shoes with rivets or
glued on with adhesive: Boá phanh
ñöôïc taùn riveâ hoaëc daùn
z brake mean effective pressure
(BMEP) n. average pressure in the
cylinders of an engine divided by
its mechanical efficiency, i.e. the
ratio of the power actually
delivered at an output shaft to
power developed in the cylinders;
used as an indication of torque: AÙp
suaát (tæ leä giöõa coâng suaát ôû truïc
ra baùnh xe vaø coâng suaát phaùt ra
töø xy lanh) hieäu quaû trung bình.
z brake pad n. pad of friction
material on a steel plate that is
brought into contact with the disc
under heavy pressure in a disc
brake: Boá phanh.
39
brake shoe
z brake pad wear indicator =
either a mechanical system which
produce screeching, squealing, or
scraping noise when the pads are
worn, as the metal indicators
contact the brake discs, or an
electrical system in which worn
pads close an electric circuit that
illuminates a warning light on the
instrument panel: Thieát bò baùo
moøn phanh.
z brake pedal n. pedal on the
floor of a vehicle in front of the
driver which operates the brake:
Baøn ñaïp phanh.
z spongy brake pedal = lack of
normal resistance when the pedal
is pressed often due to air in the
hydraulic system: Baøn ñaïp phanh
bò troâi.
z brake panel travel = free
movement of the brake pedal
before resistance is felt: Ñoä rô
baøn ñaïp phanh.
z brake pulling n. pulling to left
or right as a result of uneven
braking effort: Phanh bò ñaâm
(sang traùi hoaëc sang phaûi)
z brake rotor n. US = BRAKE
DISC: Ñóa phanh.
z brake servo (unit ) n. apparatus
which supplement the driver’s
physical effort in providing most of
the force required for braking,
usually using vaccuum from the
inlet manifold: Boä trôï löïc phanh.
z brake shoe n. curved part in
drum brake systems with T-shaped
cross section, made of sheet steel
or an alloy casting, to which the
brake lining is riveted or bonded
with adhesive: Guoác phanh.
brake test
(NOTE: the term brake shoe is
often used for the complete shoe-
and-lining assembly)
z brake shoe return spring =
spring whose ends are attached to
two brake shoes, bringing them
back into the off position after the
brake has been applied: Loø xoø
guoác phanh.
z brake test n. test of braking
efficiency, typically as part of a
roadworthiness test: Kieåm tra
hieäu quaû phanh.
z brake warning light n. light
which can serve several purposes,
such as indicating a low fluid lever
in the brake fluid reservoir, a
malfunction in one of two separate
braking circuits, executive wear of
brake pads or linings, or when the
handbrake is applied with the
ignition switch on: Ñeøn baùo
phanh.
z brake wrench n. US =brake
adjusting spanner: Khoùa ñieàu
chænh phanh.
braking n. operation or functioning of
the brake: Söï phanh.
z braking distance = distance
required for a vehicle to come to
rest from the point where the
brakes are first applied: Quaõng
ñöôøng phanh
z braking effort or force =
retarding power of a brake or
brakes: Löïc phanh.
z braking performance =
behaviour of the brakes when
operated or amount of braking
effort available: Ñaëc tính phanh
z braking ratio = distribution of
braking effort between the front
40
break down
and rear wheels: Phaân boá löïc
phanh giöõa baùnh tröôùc vaø sau
z braking system = complete set
of braking equipment: Heä thoáng
phanh.
brass punch n. brass tool used to
drive bearing races, bushes, etc. in
and out: OÁng loùt.
z braze v. to join two metal
surfaces by fusing a layer of brass
or high-melting solder between
them: Haøn baèng hôïp kim ñoàng
break v. (a) to separate into several
parts: Raõ (maùy)
(b) to separate: Taùch ra
z to break (up) a car for spares =
to take a car to piece so that the
part can be used to repair other
cars: Raõ chieác xe ra thaønh nhöõng
boä phaän
z point break 50 before TDC =
the contact breaker points open
(and the spark occurs) 50 before
top dead centre: Vít löûa môû ra
tröôùc ñieåm cheát treân 50
break away v. (of a vehicle) to leave
the desired line of travel due to
loss of adhesion, especially when
cornering: Tröôït ngang khi quay
voøng
break down v. (a) (of a mechanism or
vehicle) to cease to operate:
Hoûng, hö.
(b) (of insulation) to lose its
effectiveness: Maát hieäu quaû.
z breakdown n. (a) failure of a
mechanism or a vehicle: Söï hoûng
hoùc (maùy moùc hoaëc xe coä).
(b) (of insulation) loss of
effectiveness: Maát hieäu quaû.
z breakdown across the sparking
plug insulator cause missing = if
breakdown recovery (service)
the insulation of the sparking plug
becomes faulty, that cylinder will
stop firing or fire only
intermittently: Söù caùch ñieän cuûa
bougie hoûng thì söï ñaùnh löûa seõ
döøng laïi hoaëc dieãn ra khoâng lieân
tuïc.
z breakdown recovery (service)
n. towing or transporting broken-
down vehicles to a garage for
repair or the owner’s home: Keùo
xe hö veà söûa chöõa
z breakdown truck = vehicle
equipped for towing or sometime
transporting disabled vehicles: Xe
chuyeân duïng ñeå keùo caùc xe hoûng
hoùc.
breaker n. (a) person who breaks up
cars and sometimes other vehicles
which are worn out or no longer
roadworthy and will sell any
reusable parts: Thôï raõ xe ñeå baùn
phuï tuøng.
(b) = contact breaker: Vít löûa,
coâng taéc tieáp ñieåm.
z break-triggered transistorized
ignition (system) = transistorized
ignition system whose distributor is
the same as that of a coil ignition
system, but whose contact breaker
switch only the control current;
usually not fitted as original
equipment: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
baùn daãn coù vít ñieàu khieån
breaker cam n. cam that turns on the
distributor shaft and has as many
lobes as there are engine
cylinders: Cam vít löûa
z breakerless a. having no
contact breaker: Khoâng coù vít löûa
z breakerless distributor =
distributor in an electronic ignition
41
41 breathalyse
system with a pulse generator
instead of a contact breaker: Boä
chia ñieän khoâng coù vít löûa
z breakerless transistorized
ignition (system) = electronic
ignition system with a pulse
generator such as a magnetic or
Hall effect pick-up instead of a
contact breaker, processing the
signals generator in an electronic
control unit: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
baùn daãn khoâng coù vít löûa (tieáp
ñieåm)
break in v. US = RUN IN: Chaïy thöû
ñoäng cô coøn môùi.
breakover n. area of a dent in a panel
where the sheet metal is actually
buckled into the opposite direction
of the normal shape: Choã moáp,
thuïng
break time n. period during which the
contact breaker points remain
open: Thôøi gian vít môû.
(NOTE: opposite is dwell period)
break up v. to dismantle a vehicle and
sell the parts: Thaùo raõ (xe)
(NOTE: US English is part out)
breathalyse or breathalyze v. to give
(a driver) a breathalyser test:
Kieåm tra löôïng röôïu ñaõ uoáng
qua hôi thôû.
z breathalyser or breathalyzer
n. device into which a driver blows
to determine the amount of alcohol
in his breath (and thus in his
blood): Thieát bò kieåm tra löôïng
röôïu ñaõ uoáng qua hôi thôû
z breathalyser or breathalyzer
test = test given by the police to
find out how much alcohol a driver
has drunk: Kieåm tra löôïng röôïu
ñaõ uoáng.
breather
breather n. passage to the open air
from an enclosed space, especially
the crankcase, to provide
ventilation: OÁng thoâng hôi (cacte)
bridge igniter n. device for detonation
the air bag: Kíp noå tuùi khí.
bright a. (of finish or plating) shiny
and reflecting much light: Saùng
choùi.
(NOTE: opposite is matt)
brinell harness n. hardness measured
in a test by hydraulically pressing a
hard ball under standard load into
the specimen: Ñoä cöùng Brinell.
brush n. (a) paintbrush: Coï, choåi sôn
(b) rubbing electrical contact for
use with rotating members,
especially commutator in starters,
alternators or generators: Choåi
than
z brush holder = in a starter
motor, generator or alternator the
part holding the carbon brushes
and providing guidance for the
spring loaded brUShes to maintain
their contact with the commutator
or slip ring: Ñeá choåi than
z brush spring = spring holding a
carbon brush in contact with the
commutator or slip ring: Loø xo
choåi than
BSF = BRITISH STANDARD FINE
z BSI = BRITISH STANDARDS
INSTITUTION
z BSW = BRITISH STANDARD
WHITWOTH
BTDC = Before Top Dead
Centre:Tröôùc ñieåm cheát treân
B thread n. = internal thread: Ren
trong.
bubble n. small blister in the
paintwork: Choã doäp sôn (nhoû)
42
bulb holder
bucket seat n. rigid seat with slightly
raised sides to give the passenger
or driver lateral support ; mainly
used in sports cars: Gheá coá ñònh.
buckle n. locking metal clasp of a seat
belt: Khoùa gaøi daây ñai an toaøn
z buckle up v. ( informal US) =
BELT UP: Khoùa ñai an toaøn.
buffeting n. sort of severe, pulsating
draught as experienced when
driving at high speeds with the
windows open, or in convertibles
with the top down: Söï rung laéc.
buffing n. smoothing and polishing of
a surface by means of a rotating
flexible wheel to the surface of
which fine, abrasive particles are
applies in liquid or past form: Söï
ñaùnh boùng.
build quality n. quality of
workmanship and materials in the
construction of a vehicle: Chaát
löôïng laép raùp
z built-up crankshaft =
crankshaft made from separate
parts rather than cast or forged in
one piece: Truïc khuyûu gheùp
bulb n. gas-filled, glass envelope
(often pear- shaped if not actually
pear-sized) containing a thin metal
filament which lights up when an
electric current is passed through
it: Boùng ñeøn
z bulb blackening = blackening of
the bulb glass due to metal vapour
deposition, often indicator that the
bulb is about to fail: Boùng ñeøn bò
chaùy
z bulb holder = usually a bayonet
socket for a lighter bulb: Chui ñeøn
(NOTE: US English is lamp
socket)
bulkhead
bulkhead n. panel at the rear of the
engine compartment that spans the
full width of the body and extends
vertically from the scuttle down to
the front edge of the floorpan or
the toeboard ; also used for the
panel behind the rear seat
separating the passenger cabin
from the boot: Vaùch ngaên.
(NOTE: US English is dash panel)
bull bar n. upward extension of a
bumper to protect lights and (at the
front of the car) the grille: Thanh
caûn.
bump and rebound n. the two stages
of suspension movement requiring
damping: Hai traïng thaùi chuyeån
ñoäng cuûa heä thoáng treo chaïm
xuoáng vaø naûy leân
bumper n. previously a separate metal
bar or blade at the front or rear of a
vehicle, now a reinforced impact-
absorbing plastic moulding faired
in to the bodywork and absorbing
impacts, at least at low speeds: Caùi
caûn, caùi chaén xe.
z bumper bar = usually tubular or
curved section separate bumper:
Thanh chaén xe.
z bumper bracket = mounting
bracket for the bumper assembly,
fixed to the body or chassis, now
often designed to give way to a
certain extent on impact: Caùi giaù
thanh chaén.
z bumper iron = bumper bracket:
Caùi giaù thanh chaén
bumping out n. first step in the panel
beating process, in which the panel
is roughly brought back into shape
with a straightening hammer: Goø
thoâ (laøm ñoàng)
43
burr walnut
z bumping hammer = hammer
for coarse hammer work on bodies,
Used with dollies: Buùa goø
bump start n. method of starting a car
with a flat battery, by pushing it or
letting it run down a hill and then
letting in the clutch in second gear:
Khôûi ñoäng baèng caùch ñaåy hoaëc
cho xe xuoáng doác roài caøi soá 2 khi
aéc quy bò heát ñieän
(NOTE: only possible on a car with
a manual gearbox)
z bump steer n. effect observed
when the movement of the
suspension caused by hitting a
bump or hole in the road acts on
the steering to turn the wheels
slightly sideways, which makes the
car veer to one side ; this can be
felt by the steering wheel: Söï
nghieâng tay laùi khi gaëp oå gaø
z bump stop n. rubber buffer
which limits the extent a vehicle
suspension can move on hitting a
bump: Caùi giaûm va ñaäp baèng cao
su treân nhuùn
burning n. (a) erosion or eating away,
especially of contact breaker or
sparking plug points or exhaust
valves: Söï baøo moøn
(b) = combustion: Söï chaùy
burnishing n. polishing process for
metal, usually a fine abrasive on a
buffing wheel: Söï ñaùnh boùng (kim
loaïi)
burnt a. (of points or valves) eroded
or eaten away: Bò baøo moøn
burr n. rough edge or other small
projection on metal: Gôø, rìa.
z burr walnut n. wood veneer
used for dashboards and door
cappings in luxury cars: Daàu
burst
ñaùnh boùng goã trang trí treân caùc
xe sang troïng
burst v. (of tyre) to explode and lose
all its air very suddenly: Söï noå voû
xe
bus n. (short for omnibus) vehicle for
carrying a fairly large number of
passengers, usually for payment,
over a set route and with a fixed
time schedule: Xe buyùt.
z single decker bus = bus with
one story or deck: Xe buyùt moät
taàng.
z double decker bus = bus with
two storeys or decks: Xe buyùt hai
taàng.
busbar n. rod or other electrical
conductor carrying a large current
at a constant voltage and
connecting several circuits: Daây
ñieän vôùi doøng lôùn vaø ñieän aùp
khoâng ñoåi (daây caùp ñieän)
bus or US busing n. thin metal sleeve
fitted into a circular hole and
acting as a bearing for a shaft or
similar inserted into it: Sô mi, oáng
loùt, baïc
butterfly nut n. = wing nut: Ñai oác coù
caùnh (oác böôùm)
z butterfly (valve) n. throttle
valve in a tube, especially a
carburettor air intake, comprising a
disc pivoted along its diameter:
Böôùm ga.
44
bypass valve
butt joint or weld n. welded joint
where the panels or other parts to
be joined do not overlap: Moái haøn.
button head n. = round head (bolt):
Buloâng ñaàu troøn.
bypass 1 n. (a) road going round and
thus avoiding a town or other
congested area: Ñöôøng voøng.
(b) means such as a passage
through which the flow of a liquid
or gas is redirected in place of its
original or main course: Ñöôøng
taét.
2 v. to go round (an object) so as to
avoid it: Ñi voøng, loái reõ.
z bypass air screw n. screw on
the airflow sensor of a fuel
injection system, for adjusting the
amount of air in the mixture: Vít
chænh hoãn hôïp (treân boä ño gioù)
z bypass filter n. type of oil filter
through which only part of the total
lubricant passes (approximately
10-20 %), the rest being supplies
directly to the lubricating points:
Boä loïc reõ.
z bypass valve n. valve which,
when open, directs the flow of a
liquid or gas through a bypass;
such as the wastegate in the
exhaust of a turbocharger system:
Van reõ, van xaû.
C cadence braking
Cc
C (a) (short of) Celsius or
centigrade: Ñoä baùch phaân.
(b) = COULOMB: Culoâng (ñôn vò
ño ñieän tích).
(c) = COMFORT: Söï tieän nghi.
z C-4 System n. = COMPUTER
CONTROLLED CATALYTIC
CONVERTER: Heä thoáng maùy
tính ñieàu khieån boä xuùc taùc (hoaù
khöû khí thaûi) baèng maùy tính
Cab n. (a) = TAXI (CAB ): Xe taéc xi.
(b) enclosed part at the front of a
commercial vehicle for the driver
and passenger(s): Buoàng laùi.
z cabin n. = passenger
compartment: Khoang haønh
khaùch.
z cabin forward design =
passenger car design with a
relatively short front end, and
footwells extending up to the front
axle, providing added passenger
space: Thieát keá xe ñeå cabin roäng
cable n. (a) assembly of insulated
electrical conductors, usually
wires, laid together, often around a
central core and surrounded by a
heavy insulation, for heavy duty
applications such as battery cables:
Daây caùp, daây ñieän to.
(b) assembly of wire strands
twisted together used for a pulling
or sometimes a pushing or twisting
action, either without a sheath ( as
in some brake cables), or with a
sheath as in control cables and
drives such as speedometer cables:
Caùp beän, daây caùp meàm
z cable clamp = device for
45
connecting cable to their terminals,
especially battery cables to the
terminal posts: Ñaàu keïp daây caùp.
z cable clamps should be tight on
the terminal posts and free of
corrocable covering = outer layer,
now nearly always of plastic,
serving as electrical insulation for
cables: Ñaàu daây caùp phaûi ñöôïc
sieát chaët treân coïc aéc quy vaø
khoâng bò phuû bôûi oxít
z cable brake = mechanical brake
operated by levers and a cable,
either unsheathe or a bowden type,
now only used for a handbrake or
on a trailer.: Daây caùp phanh
z cable guide = tube section
bolted or spot-welded to a part of
the body such as the floor pan for
routing an operating cable, e.g. for
a bonnet release: OÁng daãn höôùng
daây caùp
z cable-operated = brought into
operation by a cable: Hoaït ñoäng
nhôø caùp
z cabriolet n. convertible with a
soft top and windows, usually a
four-seater: Xe mui traàn
CACIS = CONTINUOUS AC
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa xoay chieàu lieân tuïc
CAD (short of) computer-aided
design: Söï thieát keá treân maùy
tính.
cadence braking n. emergency
braking method in which the driver
rapidly depresses and release the
brake pedal: Söï nhòp phanh khi
phanh khaån caáp
cadmium-plated
cadmium-plated a. covered in a
coating of cadmium: Maï catmi.
CAE (short for) computer-aided
engineering: Kyõ thuaät vôùi söï hoã
trôï maùy tính
z CAL (shot for) computer-aided
lighting: Heä thoáng chieáu saùng vôùi
söï hoã trôï cuûa maùy tính
calibration n. marking the measuring
units on an instrument or checking
their accuracy: Söï ñònh côõ, ñieàu
chænh, caân chænh
caliper or calliper n. (a) measuring
tool with two legs usually mounted
in a slide on a measuring bar, for
internal and external
measurement; some designs allow
depth and step measurement a
well; the different types include
vernier calipers, dial calipers, or
digital calipers: Thöôùc keïp
(b) = BRAKE CALIPER: Boä keïp
phanh ñóa.
caliper frame = casting that holds the
brake caliper, either directly bolted
to the suspension or to an adapter:
Maâm phanh
z caliper gauge n. = caliper:
Thöôùc keïp
cam n. (a) rotating part with a
projection or projections (called
lobes) used to push another part at
precisely defined intervals: Cam
(bieán chuyeån ñoäng quay thaønh
chuyeån ñoäng thaúng).
(b) (informal for ) camshaft: Truïc
cam
z twin cam engine = engine with
two camshafts: Ñoäng cô cam keùp.
z cam angle n. = DWELL: Goùc
ngaäm.
z cam belt n. = TIMING BELT:
46
cam roller
Daây ñai (curoa) cam
z cam chain n. = TIMING
CHAIN: Xích (seân) cam.
z cam design n. = CAM
PROFILE: Bieân daïng cam.
z cam face n. surface of a cam:
Beà maët cam.
z measure the cam face from
nose to heel = measure the cam’s
surface from the highest point to
the lowest: Ño beà maët cam töø
ñieåm cao nhaát ñeán ñieåm thaáp
nhaát
z cam follower n. (a) part of the
valve stem-possibly equipped with
a roller mechanism-in a manner to
prevent lateral forces acting on
either the pushrod or valve stem:
Baùnh xe tieáp xuùc vôùi cam.
(b) = TAPPET: Con ñoäi
z cam heel n. lowest point of a
cam opposite the lobe: Ñeá cam
(NOTE: also called base circle)
z cam lobe n. projecting part of a
cam which pushes an a pushrod,
valve stem, or follower, etc.: Vaáu
cam.
z cam lubricator n. device, often
in the from of a wick, for
lubricating the contact breaker
cam in the distributor: Baác boâi
trôn cam (trong boä chia ñieän).
z cam profile n. exact shape of
the cam face which determines the
rate and extent of valve lift, i.e.
how fast and how far the valve
opens, and all other aspects of
valve behaviour during the
opening and closing process: Bieân
daïng cam.
z cam roller n. rotating wheel
acting as a cam follower: Baùnh xe
camber
quay tieáp xuùc vôùi cam.
camber n. (a) angle formed by the
plane of the wheel to the
perpendicular as viewed from the
front: Goùc nghieâng cuûa baùnh xe
khi nhìn höôùng vuoâng goùc töø phía
tröôùc.
(b) slightly arched contour of a
road or other surface: Söï voàng leân,
choã loài leân
(c) curvature of a leaf spring: Ñoä
cong cuûa nhíp xe.
z positive camber = wheel
leaning outwards at the top: Goùc
camber döông (baùnh xe coù
khuynh höôùng ngaõ ra ngoaøi) khi
nhìn töø treân
z negative camber = Goùc
camber aâm.
camper n. motorized caravan, with a
body in appearance like a van,
built on a small to medium-sized
commercial vehicle chassis and
offering sleeping, cooking and
other facilities: Xe kieåu nhaø löu
ñoäng.
z camping trailer n. (a) trailer
containing camping equipment or
fitted with a tent which can
erected on arrival at the desired
camping site: Toa mooùc theo nhaø
löu ñoäng.
(b) US = caravan: Xe lôùn duøng
laøm nhaø löu ñoäng.
camshaft n. shaft carrying the cams
which operate the valves usually of
a four-stroke engine and rotating at
half engine speed: Truïc cam, coát
cam.
z camshaft bearing = bearing
(usually a plain bearing) which
supports the camshaft: Baïc loùt
47
candela
truïc cam.
z camshaft drive = connection
between crankshaft and camshaft –
either via gears, chain, drive belt,
shaft or eccentric shaft – that
ensures the require speed ratio of
1:2: Söï truyeàn ñoäng cam (qua
truïc khuyûu).
z camshaft drive belt = timing
belt: Ñai (curoa) truyeàn ñoäng
truïc cam.
z camshaft drive sprocket =
sprocket mounted on the
crankshaft to drive the camshaft
via the timing chain: Baùnh xích
treân coát maùy trong truyeàn ñoäng
truïc cam baèng xích
z camshaft end play = free
lateral movement of the camshaft:
Khe hôû doïc cuûa truïc cam
z camshaft housing = housing for
one of the camshaft of a twin
overhead camshaft engine
mounted on top of the cylinder
head, and containing the camshaft
and usually also the tappets: Naép
truïc cam.
z camshaft journal = part of the
camshaft running in one of its
bearings: Coå truïc cam.
z camshaft pulley = pulley on the
end of the camshaft for the
camshaft drive belt: Puli cam.
z camshaft sprocket = sprocket
mounted on the camshaft driven
by the timing chain which in turn
driven by the crankshaft: Baùnh
xích (nhoâng) treân truïc cam.
can n. tube in a canned motor pump
which insulates the motor winding:
Bình nhoû.
candela n. basic unit of luminous
candy paint job
intensity: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä aùnh
saùng.
candy paint job n. (informal us)
custom paintwork using a tuï).
transparent colour medium applied
over the base coat, which adds
translucence and richness to the
paint, especially all shades of red:
Lôùp sôn laøm boùng.
cannibalize v. to the take parts from
(a vehicle) to fit to another
vehicle: Ñoåi phuï tuøng (laáy töø xe
naøy gaén qua xe khaùc).
cantilever spring n. (a) leaf spring
mounted upside down and fixed to
the vehicle at its mid-point, (now
obsolete): Nhíp ngöôïc (xe cuõ).
(b) quarter elliptic leaf spring:
Nhíp daïng moät phaàn tö elip.
can trail n. = roof rail: Thanh ñôõ
mui xe.
canvas top n. US soft top for an open
car, especially one made of a
natural fabric: Mui baèng vaûi baït.
cap n. (a) protective cover, usually
round and such as can be screwed
or twisted on, e.g. radiator cap,
petrol cap: Caùi naép ñaäy (thuøng
xaêng, keùt nöôùc).
(b) base of a light bulb which fits
into the socket: Ñuoâi ñeøn
capacitor n. assembly of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by
insulators, able to store an electric
change where there is a voltage
difference: Tuï ñieän.
z capacitor discharge ignition
(CDI) (system) = electronic
ignition system whose ignition
energy is store in the electrical
field of a capacitor, which
discharge via the ignition
48
captive
transformer when a thyristor is
triggered at the ignition point: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung (baèng
capacity n. (a) amount which can be
contained in a container such as a
fuel tank, sump, radiator, etc. and
by extension the swept volume of
an engine: Dung tích
(b) output of an electric motor or
other electrical apparatus: Coâng
suaát ngoû ra cuûa thieát bò ñieän
(c) volume of fluid handle through
a pump, usually in gallons per
minute: Löu löôïng tính baèng theå
tích (cuûa bôm).
z capacity rating n.= rated
capacity: Dung löôïng ñònh möùc
cuûa aéc quy
capillary (tube) n. tube with a very
small bore used for temperature
gauges: OÁng mao daãn
cap nut n. nut whose outer end is
closed, covering the thread: Ñai oác
moät ñaàu bòt
capping n. see door capping: Mieáng
roong cöûa
capstan screw n. screw with a round
head with a hole or holes passing
through it, into which a tommy bar
is inserted for tightening or
loosening: Ñinh oác coù loã noái caàn
sieát
capstat n. wax-type thermostat at the
base of the jet of a SU carburetor,
which expands and reduces fuel
flow when the under bonnet
temperature rises: Boä ñieàu chænh
nhieân lieäu theo nhieät ñoä baèng saùp
captive a. permanently located in
the desired position: Coá ñònh, baét
chaët (vaøo vò trí mong muoán).
captive nut
z bolt with captive plain washer
= bolt with a plain washer trapped
under its head: Bu loâng vôùi voøng
ñeäm giöõ chaët ñaàu
captive nut = nut insert in a sheet
metal cage spot-welded to the
body in an inaccessible position,
so that the item fixed to it can
easily be removed: Ñai oác coá ñònh
(haøn vaøo khung).
car n. (a) US = TRAMCAR: Xe
ñieän
(b) = PASSENGER CAR: Xe du
lòch
z car accident = car crash: Tai
naïn xe hôi.
z car alarm (system) = alarm
system: Heä thoáng baùo ñoäng treân
xe hôi.
z car banger = (informal ) person
or organization that fakes car
accident and repair bills in order to
get the repair money from
insurance companies: Ngöôøi nguïy
taïo tai naïn xe coä (laáy baûo hieåm).
z car banging = (informal)
insurance fraud involving fake car
accidents and repair bills: Söï giaû
maïo tai naïn xe coä ñeå laáy tieàn baûo
hieåm.
z car blind = blind for the rear
window to prevent dazzle from
following vehicles’ head–lights:
Maøn che choáng choùi phía sau xe.
z car burglar = person who steals
things from cars: Keû troäm ñoà töø
xe hôi.
z car cap = waterproof cover for
the roof, windscreen and windows:
Taám che xe.
z car care produce = preparation
or article for cleaning, polishing
49
car theft
and preserving especially the
bodywork and interior: Caùc saûn
phaåm chaêm soùc xe (lau chuøi,
ñaùnh boùng).
z car cover = cover shaped to fit
a car, usually waterproof for use
outdoors, but can also be for
protection against dust and
condensation during storage: Taám
boïc xe.
z car crash see CRASH: Tai naïn
xe hôi.
z car insurance = motor
insurance: Baûo hieåm xe hôi.
z car key = key for the ignition,
boot, doors or petrol cap, etc.:
Chìa khoùa xe.
z car park = area or building
where cars may be parked: Baõi
ñaäu xe.
z car phone = cellular telephone
installed in a car: Ñieän thoaïi
trong xe.
z car polish = polish for the
exterior paintwork of a car: Söï
ñaùnh boùng xe.
z car sponge = large sponge for
washing a car: Xoáp lau xe.
z car stereo = combination of a
stereo radio with a cassette player
or sometimes with a CD player,
for use in a car: Heä thoáng aâm
thanh xe.
z car tax = tax add to the price
of a new car, or tax payable
annually or six-monthly for using a
caron the road: Thueá xe.
z car test = road test: Kieåm tra
xe treân ñöôøng tröôøng
z car theft n. stealing cars or
stealing items from cars: Söï aên
caép xe hoaëc ñoà vaät trong xe
car thief
z car thief = person who steals
cars: Keû troäm xe.
z car tyre = tyre suitable for a
passenger car: Voû xe.
z car wash = (a) drive-in,
automatic facility for washing a
car: Traïm röûa xe töï ñoäng.
(b) car cleaning agent for adding
to water, containing a detergent
and usually a wax: Chaát phuï gia
ñeå röûa xe
z car wax = non abrasive polish
containing wax for protecting a
car’s finish: Saùp ñaùnh boùng xe.
caravan n. mobile home especially
for recreational purpose, for
towing behind a car commercial
vehicle, usually with two wheels:
Nhaø löu ñoäng keùo theo xe.
(NOTE: US English is camping
trailer, mobile home)
z caravanning n. traveling with
a caravan, usually as a holiday: Ñi
du lòch vôùi nhaø löu ñoäng.
carb n. = CARBURETTOR: Boä cheá
hoøa khí.
carbon n. (a) black material with good
electrical properties of
conductivity: Than coác.
(b) deposit with forms in the
combustion chamber, on the piston
crown and to a lesser extent in the
inlet and exhaust ports, resulting
form incomplete combustion
especially of oil: Muoäïi than.
z carbon black n. engineering
material, used as filler in plastic
mouldings and in tyres, where it
improves the mechanical
properties of tyre rubber and
produces, as a side effect, the
typical black colour: Moà hoùng
50
carbon knock
z carbon brush n. rubbing
electrical contact in the form of a
carbon block or rod which bears
against another member, such as a
commutator, collector ring or slip
ring, to provide passage for an
electric current, e.g. from an
external source to the armature of
a motor, as in a starter, or form the
rotor of an alternator via slip rings
to an external circuit: Choåi than.
z carbon brush spring = BRUSH
SPRING: Loø xo choåi than.
carbon build-up or deposits n.
residues of burnt oil deposited in
the combustion chamber, on the
piston top and elsewhere in the
course of the combustion process:
Muoâïi than (baùm trong buoàng
ñoát)
carbon-core leads n. HT or ignition
leads with a tiny diameter core of
carbon or graphite: Daây phin than,
daây cao aùp vôùi loõi cacbon.
z carbon dioxide (CO2) n.
colourless, odourless, non-toxic
gas, a natural constituent of the
atmosphere and a product of
breathing and some combustion
processes: Khí CO2.
carbon fibre n. thin, light and very
strong fibre of pure carbon, used as
reinforcement with resins, metal
and other materials: Sôïi cacbon.
carbon fouling n. blockings of the
points of a sparking plug by
carbon, often causing intermittent
firing or complete failure: Söï ñoùng
chaáu bougie.
z carbon knock n. type of engine
knock in internal combustion
engines, caused by uncontrolled
carbon monoxide (CO)
ignition as a result of carbon
deposits in the combustion
chamber, especially in old engine:
Söï roùc maùy (kích noå) vì muoäi
than.
z carbon monoxide (CO) n.
poisonous but colourless and
odourless gas resulting from
incomplete oxidation or
combustion of carbon, which is one
of the three major pollutants found
in the exhaust of spark ignition
engines: Khí CO.
z carbon pin n. spindle-shaped
carbon brush in the centre of the
distributor cap, bearing on the
centre of the contact breaker arm:
Choát than trong naép boä chia
ñieän.
z carbon tracking n. formatting
of a leakage path for current,e.g.
inside the distributor cap, where
there are carbon deposits: Raõnh roø
ñieän cao aùp.
carburation or US carburetion n.
mixture of fuel which has been
vaporized with air in the correct
proportions for combustion in an
internal combustion engine: Cheá
hoøa khí
z carburetion n. US =
CARBURATION
carburetor = CARBURETTOR: Boä
cheá hoøa khí.
carburettor or carburetter or US
carburetor n. conventional,
mechanical device in the engine
fuel system, mixing fuel with air to
produce a combustible mixture
which is supplied to inlet manifold:
Boä cheá hoøa khí.
z carburettor barrel n. the main
51
carpeting
air passage through the carburetor:
Loã gioù chính
z carburettor engine n. engine
fitted with a carburettor as opposed
to fuel injection: Ñoäng cô söû duïng
cheá hoøa khí.
(NOTE: opposite is fuel injection
engine)
z carburetor icing n. formation
of ice deposits in the carburettor
intake during very damp and cool,
but not freezing weather: Söï ñoùng
baêng trong boä cheá hoøa khí.
z carburettor throat or
carburettor venturi see venturi:
Hoïng khueách taùn boä cheá hoøa khí
carburization n. process of increasing
the carbon content of steel to
produce a desired degree of
hardness, yielding high carbon
steel: Taêng haøm löôïng cacbon
trong saûn xuaát theùp.
carcass n. basic of a tyre consisting
various plies of cord (made of
rayon, nylon, polyester or steel),
which are impregnanted with
rubber: Lôùp boá (voû xe).
cardan joint n. most of common tyre
of a universal joint, in which two
yokes mounted on the two parts to
be coupled, usually a shaft and a
driving or driven member, are
connected with pivots to the arm of
a cross-shaped piece: Khôùp caùc
ñaêng.
z cardan shaft n. shaft fitted
with universal joints at each end:
Truïc caùc ñaêng.
cargo area n. US load area of an
estate car or pick-up truck: Vuøng
chòu taûi.
carpeting n. carpet made to fit the
carriage bolt
front and rear footwells, and also
the boot in better equipped
models: Thaûm loùt chaân.
carriage bolt n. mushroom-headed
bolt with a square neck which
holds it in position in a square
hole: Bu loâng thaân xe (ñaàu hình
naám, coå vuoâng).
cart spring n. (informal) = LEAF
SPRING: Loø xo laù, nhíp xe.
carvac n. small, easily portable
vacuum cleaner that can be
plugged into the cigarette light of a
car: Maùy huùt buïi mini.
casing n. (a) cover passing all the
way round a piece of equipment,
such as an electric motor: Voû boïc.
(b) tyre, especially in its basic
form before the tread has been
moulded on: Caïnh voû.
cassette compartment n. built-in
cassette storage space: Ngaên chöùa
caùt xeùt.
z cassette player = unit for
playing audio cassettes, usually
incorporated in a stereo unit: Maùy
caùt seùt.
cast 1 v. to produce (metal part) by
pouring molten metal into a sand
or metal mould: Ñuùc
2 a. produced by pouring molten
metal into sand or metal mould:
Ñöôïc ñuùc
z cast-alloy wheel = one-piece
wheel, as oppesed to two–piece
and three–piece forged wheels,
produced using the low-pressure
die casting process, which offers a
great degree of design flexibility
as to the styling of the wheel disc:
Baùnh xe vôùi maâm ñuùc.
z cast aluminium = aluminium
52
castor
alloy made by pouring the molten
metal into a sand or metal mould:
Hôïp kim nhoâm ñuùc.
cast iron n. iron with a high carbon
content and also containing much
cementite or graphite, so that it is
unsuitable as wrought iron: Gang.
castle nut or castellated nut n.
hexagon nut with slots cut in the
top of each face, two of which are
lined up with a hole in the bolt or
stud and a split pin inserted to
prevent loosening: Ñai oác coù loã ñeå
gaøi choát.
z castle section n. panel with
fairly shallow strengthening humps
that are, however, deeper than
normal stiffening ribs, e.g. in floor
pans featuring beaded or offset
areas: Phaàn gaân (thaân xe).
z castor or US caster n. (a)
inclination or angle from the
vertical of the kingpin or steering
axis on the ground between the
extended vertical axis through the
wheel centre and the point where
the extended steering axis would
meet the ground: Goùc nghieâng tay
laùi, goùc caster.
(NOTE: also called castor angle)
(b) distance on the ground when
viewed from the side, between the
point of contact of the tyre (which
is also the extended vertical axis
through the wheel centre) and the
point where a line through the
inclined kingpin (or the extended
steering axis) would meet the
ground: Khoaûng caùch giöõa ñieåm
tieáp xuùc cuûa voû xe vaø ñöôøng keùo
daøi cuûa truï quay laùi treân maët ñaát,
hay coøn goïi laø goùc caster trail.
castor action
(NOTE: also called castor offset,
trail)
z castor action n. self-centering
action resulting from castor which
springs the steered wheels back to
the straight ahead position: Taùc
duïng cuûa goùc caster (tay laùi
thaúng trôû laïi).
z castor angle n. = CASTOR:
Goùc caster.
z castor offset n. = CASTOR:
Goùc caster
cat n. (informal) = catalytic
converter: Boä xuùc taùc.
catalyst n. (a) substance that changes
the rate of a chemical reaction
without itself being used up; in a
catalytic converter the element
which reduces the toxicity of the
exhaust gases: Chaát xuùc taùc trong
boä hoaù khöû khí thaûi.
(b) special agent added to a plastic
body filler or resin or two-pack
paint to speed up the setting
process of the basic material
applied: Chaát xuùc taùc laøm hình
thaønh nhanh lôùp sôn loùt.
z catalyst bed n. layer of catalyst-
coated material such as pellets or
ceramic in a catalytic converter
through which the gases pass: Lôùp
xuùc taùc.
z catalyst charge n. catalyst-
coated materials such as pellets or
ceramic in a catalytic converter:
Khung phuû chaát xuùc taùc.
z catalyst coating n. = catalytic
layer: Lôùp xuùc taùc.
z catalyst container n. =
converter housing: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
z catalyst contamination n. loss
of catalytic efficiency caused by
53
catalytic layer
contaminating deposits: Söï laøm
baån chaát xuùc taùc.
z catalyst degradation or
deterioration n. loss of catalytic
efficiency: Söï maát taùc duïng xuùc
taùc.
z catalyst efficiency n. catalyst
efficiency: Hieäu quaû xuùc taùc.
z catalyst indicator n. indicator
light in the instrument panel that
illuminates after a certain mileage,
e.g. after 25,000 miles, to remind
the driver that the catalytic
converter should be replaced;
some older designs used a
mechanical signal: Ñeøn baùo thay
boä xuùc taùc.
z catalyst substrate or support n.
base material carrying the catalytic
layer or coating: Söôøn ñôõ chaát xuùc
taùc.
catalytic converter n. device shaped
like a silence for exhaust emission
control installed in the exhaust
system as close to the engine as
possible, in which a catalyst-coated
substrate is enclosed in a sheet
metal canister of stainless steel,
protect against vibration by wire
mesh, its lower shell being
provided with a heat shield: Boä
xuùc taùc.
catalytic activity n. rate at which a
given catalytic converter purifies
the exhaust gas stream, usually
expressed as a conversion rate: Söï
hoaït ñoäng cuûa chaát xuùc taùc.
z catalytic efficiency n.
effectiveness of the catalyst in
purifying the exhaust gases: Hieäu
quaû cuûa chaát xuùc taùc.
catalytic layer n. very thin layer of a
cathode
catalyst, usually consisting of
platinum metals, supported by a
ceramic or metal carrier material:
Lôùp chaát xuùc taùc.
cathode n. negative electrode in an
electrolytic cell: Cöïc aâm, catoát.
cathodic electro painting or
cataphoretic painting n. process
used to apply the first coat of paint
to car bodies involving positively
charging paint particles, in which
the cleaned metal parts to be
coated are immersed in a tank of
electrode position paint, and the
current is then turned on, so that
the positively charges particles are
attracted by the negative metal
parts: Sôn tónh ñieän.
cathodic protection n. protecting a
metal from electrochemical
corrosion by using it as the cathode
of a cell with a sacrificial anode:
Söï baûo veä (choáng aên moøn) catoát.
caustic etching n. removal of metal by
dipping aluminium parts in caustic
soda: Laøm saïch nhoâm baèng xuùt.
cavitation n. formatting and
subsequent collapse of vapour-
filled cavities in a liquid, such as
bubbles, vapour-filled pockets or a
combination of both: Söï baøo moøn
(do boït khí).
cavity n. (a) empty space in a body
structure, either in a box section or
a double-skinned area: Khoang,
hoác.
(b) holder and contact for fuses:
Raõnh gaén caàu chì.
z cavity sealant n. sealant used
for protecting cavities against rust,
usually consisting of film-forming
oils, waxes, solvents and rust
54
cell
inhibitors: Chaát bòt loã.
CB (a) = CONTACT BREAKER:
Vít löûa.
(b) = citizens’ band: Baêng taàn
phoå bieán.
CBR process n. controlled burnt rate,
a method of improving fuel
economy by controlling /
accelerating the fuel burn rate:
Phöông phaùp kieåm soaùt quaù trình
chaùy.
CC = CUBIC CENTIMETRES: Cm3.
C-clamp n. screw-activated clocking
clamp with long, C-shaped jaws:
Caùi keïp hình chöõ C.
CCS = CONTROLLED
COMBUSTION SYSTEM: Heä
thoáng ñieàu khieån quaù trình chaùy.
CDI = CAPACITY DISCHARGE
IGNITION: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
ñieän dung.
CD player n. device for playing
compact disc: Maùy haùt ñóa
compact.
CD value n. coefficient of drag, a
characteristic indicating the
resistance of a given car body to
air flowing against its front, at high
speed, which is measured in a
wind tunnel, and unlike drag as
such, depend only on the shape or
outline of the body, not on the
cross-sectional area, and being a
coefficient has no unit of
measurement: Heä soá caûn gioù (khí
ñoäng).
cell n. (a) a system of negative and
positive plates for storage of
electricity, either used singly or in
combination to form a battery: Hoäc
bình ñieän, pin.
(b) combustion chamber of a rotary
cellular phone
piston engine: Buoàng chaùy cuûa
ñoäng cô piston quay (Wankel).
cellular phone n. portable, wireless
telephone, introduce in 1983 in the
USA and mainly used as a car
phone: Ñieän thoaïi di ñoäng söû
duïng treân xe hôi.
z cellulose putty = filler for
minor surface imperfections: Treùt
matit choã moùp nheï
cementite (Fe3C) n. iron carbide, a
very hard substance found in cast
iron: Haït cementit.
central gear change n. usual
arrangement with the gear lever in
the centre of the floor: Caàn soá
ñaët ôû trung taâm.
z central chassis lubrication n.
lubrication of all chassis
component with oil or grease from
one central point: Boâi trôn caùc chi
tieát khung xe töø moät choã.
z central locking n. locking of
all doors by operating an electronic
device or by turning the key in the
lock of the driver’s door: Khoùa
cöûa trung taâm (chính)
z central-locking hub n. =
splinted hub: Choát khoùa trung
taâm.
z central locking wheel = wheel
with splines in its centre which
made with splines on the outside of
the hub, usually of the wire-spoke
type fixed with one central nut:
Baùnh xe daïng nan hoa vôùi moät oác
giöõ
z central reserve or reservation
n. strip that separates the two
sides of a motor-way or dual
carriageway: Con löôn.
z centre v. to place (a part) in a
55
centre gear
central position in relation to
another part: Trung taâm, taâm.
z to centre the clutch = to align
the centre hole in the clutch plates
with the end of the crankshaft, so
that the gearbox shaft will fit easily
into the splines: Ñònh taâm boä ly
hôïp.
z centre console n. centre section
of the dashboard which is extended
downwards, with space for a radio
or stereo unit and storage for
cassettes and the like: Khu vöïc
trung taâm cuûa tableau.
z centre differential n.
differential located between two
drive axles to balance the speed
differences between the two axles,
mainly used in vehicles with
permanent four-wheel drive: Vi sai
trung taâm.
z centre drive n. engine design
with power take off between the
cylinders rather than at the end of
the crankshaft: Ñoäng cô vôùi ñaàu
truyeàn taûi giöõa caùc xy lanh
z centre drive plate =
INTERMEDIATE (DRIVE)
PLATE: Ñóa truyeàn ñoäng trung
gian.
z centre electrode n. (a)
electrode projecting out of the
insulator nose of a sparking plug
typically a compound electrode
with a copper core, or a silver
platinum electrode: Ñieän cöïc
trung taâm.
(b) = centre terminal: Cöïc trung
taâm.
z centre gear = SUN GEAR:
Baùnh raêng trung taâm, baùnh raêng
maët trôøi.
centreline
z centreline n. imaginary straight
line passing through the centre of,
e.g. a vehicle, from front to rear:
Ñöôøng taâm.
z centre locking disc n. = HUB
CAP: Naép troøn ñaäy truïc baùnh xe.
z centre lock nut = SPINNER:
Ñai oác khoaù chính.
z centre of gravity n. point about
with a weight of a body with act or
pivot: Troïng taâm.
z centre pillar n. = B-PILLAR:
Coät truï trung taâm.
z centre punch n. tool with a
sharp conical steel tip for punching
an indentation where a hole is tube
drilled: Muõi ñoät daáu.
z centre section damage n. type
of frame damage where the car is
hit from the side approximately in
the middle, causing the centre part
of the car around the b-pillar to
move inwards so that, seen from
the top, the frame is no longer
straight, but appears curved like a
banana: Söï phaù huûy phaàn giöõa xe.
z centre terminal n. spring–
loaded carbon pin or carbon brush
contact in the centre of the
distributor cap acting and on
forming contact with the rotor:
Cöïc trung taâm (than naép delco).
z centrifugal advance n.
automatic mechanical ignition
advance by mechanism inside the
distributor, controlled by
centrifugal force supplies by
advance weights which trunk the
distributor cam via yokes to
advance the spark: Cô caáu ñaùnh
löûa sôùm ly taâm.
z centrifugal clutch n. clutch in
56
cetane rating or number
which the friction elements are
brought in contact with the clutch
face by centrifugal force again the
friction plate as the clutch turns
faster: Boä ly hôïp ly taâm.
z centrifugal force n. force with
pushes a body outwards that is
rotating about a centre: Löïc ly
taâm.
z centrifugal governor n. device
controlling speed by means of
centrifugal force in automatic
transmissions and other
applications: Boä ñieàu toác ly taâm.
z centrifugal oil filter n. filter in
which suspended solids are
removed from the oil by
centrifugal force created by
spinning the oil at high speed in
the rotating element: Loïc daàu
kieåu ly taâm.
centrifugal pump n. impeller pump in
which the liquid is forced, by
either atmospheric or other
pressure, into a set off rotating
vanes constituting an impeller:
Bôm ly taâm.
centrifugal weight n. weight in
governor or other controlling
device with is thrown outwards by
centrifugal force as speed increase
and thus causes a control rod to be
moved or pressure to be exerted:
Troïng löôïng ly taâm, quaû vaêng.
ceramic honeycomb n. interior of a
monolithic converter which
supports the catalyst: Giaù ñôõ kieåu
toå ong trong boä hoaù khöû.
cetane rating or number n. measure
of the ignition quality of diesel
fuel, or how high a temperature is
required to ignite it (the lower the
CFCS
cetane number, the higher the
temperature required): Chæ soá
xeâtan.
CFCS or CFC gases n. =
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS:
Khí laøm laïnh (coù haïi cho taàng
ozone)
cfm (short of ) cubic feet per minute
= ft3/min.
chafer(strip) n. area between the
bead and sidewall of a tyre: Vuøng
hoâng baùnh xe (veø).
z chafing n. wearing away by
rubbing: Moøn vì coï xaùt.
chain n. series of flexibly connected
links formed into a loop so that it
can be passed over sprockets
whose teeth engage in the spaces
between the links, in order to
transmit motion: Xích, seân
z chain case n. metal causing
completely enclosing a drive chain
and its sprockets: Hoäp xích.
z chain drive = form of
transmission using a chain passing
over sprockets: Truyeàn ñoäng xích.
(NOTE: chain drive is still the
most common form of transmission
on motorcycles)
z chain filter wrench = chain
wrench whose chain passed round
and grips the body of an oil filter:
Caùi môû loïc nhôùt duøng xích.
z chain guard = inverted L-
section metal guard placed usually
over the upper run of a chain: Voøm
baûo veä xích.
z chain pipe wrench = chain
wrench whose chain passes round
and grips a pipe: Caùi môû oáng baèng
xích.
z chain hoist = hoist for heavy
57
change
object such as engines consisting
of a chain and a block and tackle:
Caàn truïc xích.
z chain run = section of a drive
chain that runs between the
sprockets: Böôùc xích.
z chain tensioner = component
usually comprising a spring steel
strip pressing on the chain, used
mainly on four-stroke engines with
a chain-driven camshaft and
responsible for maintaining the
proper chain tension: Boä caêng
xích.
z chain wrench = tool for
loosening and tightening round or
irregularly shapes objects, having
chain which is passed around the
object, and lever or key which at
the same time tightens and the
chain and turns the object: Khoùa
xích duøng ñeå sieát, nôùi caùc vaät
troøn.
chamber n. combustion chamber of a
rotary piston engine, particularly
where non-cylindrical, as in a
Wankel engine: Buoàng chaùy
chamfered a. with a symmetrically
beveled surface on an edge or
corner: Vaït caïnh, maët vaït.
chamois leather n. piece of soft
bleached leather from sheep,
goats, etc. used especially for
drying paintwork, chrome and
glass after washing: Da thuù duøng
lau khoâ xe.
(NOTE: also called informally
shammy leather)
change 1 v. (a) to select and engage
a gear: Chuyeån, sang (soá).
(NOTE: also more fully to change
gear)
change-speed gearbox
(NOTE: US English is to shift
gear)
z to change up or down = to
engage a higher or lower gear:
Sang soá cao hay soá thaáp.
z to change into second or top =
to engage second or top gear:
Chuyeån sang soá hai hay soá cao
nhaát.
(b) to take away and put something
new or different in its place: Thay
theá
2 n. engage of another gear: Söï
sang soá.
z change-speed gearbox n.
gearbox containing sets of gears
which can moved in and out of
different ratios between the speeds
of the input and output shaft: Hoäp
soá nhieàu caáp.
z change valve n. valve use to
change gear in an automatic
gearbox, operated by rising oil
pressure at the vehicle speed up:
Van sang soá.
(NOTE: US English is shift valve)
Chapman strut n. form of McPherson
strut used in the rear suspension of
some car chapman: Heä thoáng treo
sau kieåu Chapman.
characteristic map n. usually three-
dimensional representation of
several interdependent quantities,
in most of which engine speed and
load correspond to the x- and y-
axes, and the third quantity, which
depends on the first two, is
measured against the z- axis: Baûn
ñoà ñaëc tính ñoäng cô (naïp vaøo
ROM cuûa ECU).
charcoal canister n. = activated
carbon canister: Baàu loïc than hoaït
58
charging current
tính.
charge 1 n. (a) amount of air/ fuel
mixture supplied to the cylinder
that is available for combustion:
Naïp.
(b) definite quantity of electricity,
such as that contained in a storage
battery: Ñieän löôïng.
2 v. to supply electrical charge to
(a battery): Naïp ñieän vaøo bình
ñieän.
z charge air n. air in the air/
fuel mixture: Söï naïp khoâng khí.
z charge air cooling =
INTERCOOLING: Laøm maùt
khoâng khí naïp (trong ñoäng cô
taêng aùp).
z charge air recycling (system) =
device on some turbocharger
systems which serves to maintain
the speed of the compressor while
no boost is being delivered, so that
boost is more instantly available on
demand: Heä thoáng tuaàn hoaøn khí
naïp trong heä thoáng taêng aùp.
z charge changing or exchange
process n. removal of exhaust port
an admission of a fresh charge
through the transfer port in a two-
stroke engine: Quaù trình queùt vaø
naïp khí trong ñoäng cô hai thì.
z charger n. = BATTERY
CHARGER: Maùy naïp bình.
z charger characteristic n.
charger characteristic showing the
dependence of the current on the
voltage during charge: Ñaëc tính
naïp.
z charging current n. electric
current supplies to the battery
when the charging system is
operative: Doøng ñieän saïc (naïp).
charging efficiency
z charging efficiency n. figure
indicated the mass of charge
retained in the cylinder of a two-
stroke engine after the ports close,
divided by the actual swept
volume: Hieäu suaát naïp.
z charging piston n. additional
piston formerly fitted to some two-
stroke engines, design to
precompress the fresh charge and
to supply it at excess pressure into
the engine cylinders: Naïp khoâng
khí baèng piston (hai kyø).
z charging point n. = battery
charging station: Traïm saïc bình.
z charging pressure n. = z chassis number = formerly the
BOOST PRESSURE: AÙp suaát
taêng aùp
z charging rate n. amount of
current, usually in amperes,
delivered by the charging system:
Möùc saïc ñieän (doøng toái ña cuûa heä
thoáng naïp).
z charging stroke n. =
INDUCTION STROKE: Thì naïp.
chassis n. originally, and today
still in heavy goods vehicles, a
separate structure consisting of a
frame, springs and axles forming
the lower part of a vehicle, to
which the bodywork is fitted, but
with modern unitary construction
there is no separate chassis and
the term is used to refer to the
running gear, i.e. suspension,
including control arms, spring,
shock absorbers steering
component, etc.: Khung gaàm oâtoâ.
z chassis bracket set = set of
brackets to be welded under sill
prior to straightening the accident
damage when the standard sill
59
check
panel does not have a jointing
flange: Giaù ñôõ ñeå haøn khung
z chassis dynamometer = test
stand for a complete car to
determine, for example, its
emission characteristics under a set
of defined driving conditions:
Baêng thöû coâng suaát oâ toâ.
z chassis frame = frame usually
consisting of two longitudinal side
members joined by a member of
cross-members, to which the
suspension and axles are attached,
in goods vehicles and formerly in
cars: Khung söôøn xe.
manufacturer’s number identifying
a vehicle: Soá khung xe.
(NOTE: now called vehicle
identification number)
z chassis section = box or
channel section forming part of the
chassis: Boä phaän khung xe.
chatter v. to move jerkily especially
at high speed, making only
irregular contact: Rung ñoäng ôû toác
ñoä cao.
check 1 n. inspection to see whether
something is all right: Söï kieåm
tra.
z an engine oil level check =
looking at the dipstick to see if
there is enough oil in the sump:
Kieåm tra möïc daàu ñoäng cô.
2 v. to inspect (something) to see
whether it is all right: kieåm tra.
z Check the plugs, and replace if
necessary = take the sparking
plugs out and see whether they are
in good condition, if not fit new
ones: Kieåm tra bougie neáu hö thì
thay theá.
check ball
z check ball n. ball in a ball-
type check valve: Bi trong van
moät chieàu
z check engine warning light n.
light which indicates a malfunction
of the engine system: Ñeøn baùo
kieåm tra ñoäng cô.
z check point n. (a) particular
point on a piece of equipment
where it is possible to check if
there is any malfunction: Ñieåm
kieåm tra.
(b) place on a road where vehicles
are stopped, e.g. at a frontier or on
a rally: Traïm kieåm tra.
z check routine n. series of
checks to be made when tracing a
fault or when inspecting a new
vehicle at the factory: Loä trình
kieåm tra xe môùi raùp.
check valve n. (a) non-return valve
permitting flow in one direction
only, widely used in emission
control systems: Van moät chieàu.
(b) residual pressure valve in a
brake master cylinder: Van aùp
suaát dö trong xy lanh caùi cuûa heä
thoáng phanh.
chemical brightening or polishing n.
improvement of surface
smoothness of a metal by
immersion in a suitable solution:
Söï laøm boùng baèng dung dòch hoùa
hoïc.
z chemical toilet n. portable
toilet for use in caravans or when
camping: Nhaø veä sinh trong xe
nhaø löu ñoäng.
childproof lock n. lock on rear doors
which when activated prevents the
door from being opened from
inside the car: Khoaù choáng môû
60
61 chromate
cöûa sau
child restraint system n. general
term for child seats and
accessories, often used at a
synonym for child seat: Gheá treû
em
child seat n. combination of a seat
shell, a belt system and / or an
impact cushion, especially suited
for children of the age groups 1
and 2: Gheá daønh cho treû em.
chip v. (of stones) to cause damage to
(paintwork) in the form of small
pits: Laøm bong vuøng sôn nhoû.
z chipping n. damage to
paintwork in the form of small pits
cause by stones being thrown
against it: Laøm hö sôn do ñaù
vaêng.
chisel n. simple steel tool with a
sharpen end used with a hammer
to cut through metal and other
materials: Caùi ñuïc.
chlorofluorocarbons n. gaseous
compounds used especially as
propellants for aerosol cans and in
refrigerants: Khí CFC
(NOTE: usually called CFCs)
chock n. = WHEEL CHOCK: Caùi
loùt truïc baùnh xe.
choke n. (i) device which restricts
the amount of air entering the
carburetor in order to enrich the
mixture when starting the engine
and running cold: Böôùm gioù. (ii)
choke knob: Nuùt keùo böôùm gioù.
z choke control = system for
actuating a non-automatic choke,
usually a cable with a knob on the
fascia: Söï ñieàu khieån böôùm gioù.
z choked = (a) (of engine) running
with the choke in operation: Ñoäng
choke knob
cô hoaït ñoäng vôùi böôùm gioù hoaït
ñoäng
(b) clogged: Böôùm gioù keït
z choke knob = knob on the
fascia for operating the choke:
Nuùm keùo böôùm gioù.
z choke tube = CARBURETOR
VENTURI: Hoïng khueách taùn.
z choke valve = valve restricting
the amount of air or liquid
admitted especially on
carburettor: Van gioù
chop shop n. us workshop or factory
specializes in replacing the
standard steel roof of cars or pick-
up trucks with a convertible top:
Xöôûng laøm mui xe.
chromate 1 n. salt or ester of
chromic acid, often used as
pigment: Croâmat.
2 v. to treat with a solution of a
chromium compound to produce a
protective coating of metal
chromate: Maï croâm.
z chromate (conversion) coating
= conversion coating produced by
chromating: Phuû croâm.
z chromate treatment
treatment of metal with a solution
of a chromium compound to
produce a protective coating of
metal chromate: Quaù trình xöû lí
baèng maï croâm.
(NOTE: not to be confused with
chroming)
z chromatize v. = CHROMATE
z chrome 1 n. = CHROMIUM
2. to plate with chromium: Maï
croâm.
z chrome-hardened = (of steel)
hardened by the addition of
chromium: Laøm cöùng theùp baèng
chunking
caùch theâm croâm
z chrome-plated or chromed =
CHROMIUM-PLATED: Maï
croâm.
z chrome steel = steel containing
chromium for extra hardness an
rust resistance: Inox (theùp croâm).
z chrome work = all the
chromium-plated items on a car
body: Caùc chi tieát maï croâm treân
a xe.
z chromic acid n. electrolyte used
in anodising processed for
producing non-transparent, non-
metallic oxide layers: Axit croâmic
(dung dòch maï).
z chromium n. hard grey metallic
element used in electroplating and
in steel production for extra
hardness and rust resistance:
Croâm (Cr).
z chromium-plated = coated with
a thin layer of chromium by electro
deposition for protection against
corrosion, also with a thicker layer
for wear resistance: Ñöôïc maï
croâm.
= z chromium-plating = process of
coating metal with a layer of
chromium and also the result: Lôùp
maï croâm.
z satin chromium plating =
chromium plating with a soft matt
sheen: Lôùp maï croâm mòn.
z chromium steel = CHROME
STEEL
chubby screwdriver n. screwdriver
with a very short handle and blade
for use in confined spaces: Tua vít
cöïc nhoû.
chunking n. breaking away of pieces
of the tread of a tyre: Söï maát gai
61
CI
voû.
CI (a) = COMPRESSION IGNITION:
Söï chaùy baèng caùch neùn (Diesel).
(b) = COIL IGNITION
(SYSTEM): Cuoän daây ñaùnh löûa,
boâbin.
CIH (short of) camshaft in head: Truïc
cam ñaët treân naép maùy.
z CIH engine = type of overhead
valve (OHV) engine with the
camshaft enclosed in, not on top of,
the cylinder head: Ñoäng cô vôùi
truïc cam ñaët treân naép maùy.
(NOTE: not to be with an overhead
camshaft (OHC) engine)
CIM (short of) Computer-integrated
manufacturing: Heä thoáng saûn xuaát
ñieàu khieån baèng maùy tính.
circlip n. retaining ring in the
form of an incomplete circle and
made of spring steel, often with
eyes either side of the gap so that
it can be opened for removal:
Voøng chaën, caùi phe.
(NOTE: US English is snap ring)
z circlip plies = special plies with
jaw tips coming to point so that
they can engage in the eyes of the
circlip in order to expand it for
removal: Keàm môû phe
z circuit n. (a) course forming a
complete loop over which races
are held: Chu vi.
(b) series of electrical connections
forming a complete path for the
current to flow through: Maïch
ñieän.
z circuit breaker = protective
device which can be reset; it
breaks an electric circuit to prevent
damage when the circuit is
overloaded or overheated by
62
clamp
excess current flow: Boä ngaét ñieän
duøng ñeå baûo veä.
z circuit diagram = diagram
showing the complete wiring
system of a vehicle: Sô ñoà
maïch ñieän.
z circuit tester = tool often
similar in appearance to a
screwdriver, with a light in the
handle and a crocodile clip which
can be attached to a suitable earth
while the point touches the part or
the wire which is to be tested; if
the light comes on, the circuit is
live at that point: Duïng cuï kieåm
tra maïch ñieän (baèng ñeøn).
circular headlamp n. tradition shape
of headlamp as opposed to the
modern rectangular headlamp:
Ñeøn pha kieåu hình troøn.
circulating pump n. centrifugal pump
designed to generate forced
circulation of a liquid in a closed
system, e.g. a water pump in an
internal combustion engine: Bôm
tuaàn hoaøn.
CIS = CONTINUOUS INJECTION
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
lieân tuïc kieåu K-jetronic.
Citizens’ band see CB RADIO
city car n. very compact car; usually
10-12 feet in length: Xe hôi loaïi
nhoû.
z city cycle n. = URBAN CYCLE
CL (short of) comfort luxe, denoting a
model more luxurious than ‘L’ but
not as grand as ‘GL’: Kieåu xe
sang troïng nhöng khoâng baèng
kieåu GL.
clamp n. fastening which holds an
item or items in its jaws by strong
pressure: Caùi keïp
clamping load
z clamping load n. pressure on the
plates in a clutch or coupling: Taûi
troïng eùp.
z class a-thread n. = EXTERNAL
THREAD: Ren ngoaøi.
z class b-thread n. = INTERNAL
THREAD: Ren trong.
classic car n. specially applies to cars
of the postwar era up to about 1970
or even 1980, but also used as a
general term for all old cars: Xe
hôi coå
z a classic car meeting = a
meeting to which enthusiasts bring
their old cars to look at them and
discuss them, often with a
competition to decide which is the
smartest (a concours): Ngaøy hoäi
cuûa ngöôøi chôi xe coå.
z restoration of classic cars =
putting old cars back as near as
possible into as new condition: Söï
taân trang xe hôi coå
classified (ad) n. small advertisement
in a newspaper or magazine,
usually put in by a private person,
e.g. with a car for sale: Muïc rao
vaët (baùn xe).
claw hammer n. hammer with two
curved prongs at the back of the
head for extracting nails, etc.: Buùa
nhoå ñinh.
clay model n. mock-up of a new
design made before an actual
prototype is built: Moâ hình maãu
xe môùi baèng ñaát seùt.
clean oil n. fresh engine oil supplied
to engine from a container: Daàu
saïch töø bình chöùa.
z clean oil lubrication =
lubrication system in which clean
engine oil is supplied directly to
63
click-type torque wrench
the lubrication points of engine, as
in some two-stroke engines: Söï
boâi trôn baèng daàu saïch.
clearance n. gap between two parts:
Khe hôû
z piston clearance = gap between
the piston and the cylinder: Khe
hôû giöõa piston vaø xylanh.
z valve clearance = gap
between the top of the valve stem
and the tappet when the valve is
closed and the tappet is not
pressing on it: Khe hôû xuùpaùp.
z clearance height n. (a) =
ground clearance: Khoaûng caùch
gaàm xe vôùi maët ñaát.
(b) maximum height of a vehicle
such that it can pass under a bridge
or similar obstruction: Khoaûng
saùng gaàm xe.
z clearance (market) lamp n.
lamp mounted on the roof of vans,
lorries and other large vehicles at
the left-hand and the right-hand
corners to show the maximum
height and width of the vehicle:
Ñeøn baùo chieàu cao vaø beà roäng xe.
z clearance volume n. space
remaining above the piston of an
engine when it is at top dead
centre: Theå tích buoàng ñoát.
clear coat or lacquer n. top coat of
base and clear systems: Laøm saïch
lôùp sôn ngoaøi.
click-type torque wrench n. torque
wrench design to apply
predetermined torque, to which it
is preset, automatically releasing
once the setting is reached; the
release action is normally
accompanied by an audible click
and/ or visible signal: Caàn sieát löïc
climate control
töï ñoäng(baùo hieäu khi sieát ñuû löïc).
climate control n. lever or similar
that controls the heater and/ or air-
conditioning system: Ñieàu khieån
khí haäu (kieåm soaùt ñoàng thôøi söôûi
vaø ñieàu hoøa nhieät ñoä).
z climate control system
combined heating and air-
conditioning system: Heä thoáng
ñieàu hoaø nhieät ñoä töï ñoäng.
z climatic chamber n. test
chamber which can reproduce
extremes of temperature and
humidity, as well as artificial
ultraviolet rays: Buoàng khí haäu
nhaân taïo (ñeå thöû nghieäm).
climbing ability n. performance
when climbing steep gradient:
Khaû naêng leo doác.
clip-on weight n. small lead weight
used to balance a wheel by
clipping it onto the rim opposite a
heavy spot of the tyre/ wheel
assembly: Mieáng chì baám vaøo
baùnh xe.
clock 1 n. (a) instrument showing
time: Ñoàng hoà baùo giôø.
(b) (informal) = odometer or
speedometer: Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng
ñöôøng toång hoaëc toác ñoä xe.
2 v. to record (a speed or time), or
to time (a car): Ghi laïi toác ñoä hay
thôøi gian.
z clocking n. putting back the
mileage on a car’s odometer, so
that it shows a lower mileage than
the car has in fact done (an illegal
practice): Traû ngöôïc chæ soá km.
c/locking = central locking: Khoùa
cöûa trung taâm.
clockwise ad. in the same direction
as the hands of a clock: Cuøng chieàu
cloth upholstery
kim ñoàng hoà.
clog v. to become obstructed with
debris, sludge or other matter:
Laøm taéc ngheõn.
close coils n. coils at the end of a
spring which are closer together:
= Phaàn cuoái loø xo.
closed loop n. chain of control in
which feedback, usually from a
sensor or sensors, is used to
regulate mixture strength, dwell
angle and other engine functions
by electronic means: Cheá ñoä ñieàu
khieån voøng kín (hoài tieáp).
close–loop control = electronic
control system using feedback to
maintain correct mixture strength,
etc.: Cheá ñoä ñieàu khieån kín (duøng
caûm bieán oxi)
close-ratio gearbox n. gearbox in
which there is relatively little
difference between the gear ratios,
so that fast changes can be made:
Hoäp soá coù söï cheânh leäch tæ soá
truyeàn nhoû.
z closing cam/ rocker n. cam/
rocker which is used to close the
valve in desmodromic valve
operation; unlike conventional
valve control systems, in which the
valves are closed by the valve
spring: Caùc cam/ coø duøng ñeå
ñoùng suùpaùp
z closing force n. force
necessary for closing the valves,
provide by the valve spring: Löïc
ñoùng van (löïc loø xo)
z closing panel n. panel that
covers a gap in the body
framework: Taám bít (thaân xe)
cloth upholstery n. upholstery
covered in a fabric as opposed to
64
cluster gear
vinyl or leather: Neäm baèng vaûi
cluster gear n. lay shaft and/or the
set of gears mounted on it: Cuïm
truïc vaø baùnh raêng
clutch n. mechanism for connecting or
disconnecting the drive between
two shafts while they are rotating
or at rest, placed between the
engine and gearbox in vehicles
with manual transmission, and
usually mounted on the flywheel:
Boä ly hôïp.
clutch aligning set n. selection of
different tools used to align the
clutch plate with the flywheel,
usually containing a shaft, pilot
bearing adapters, and tapered
universal sleeves: Boä duïng cuï ñeå
caân ly hôïp.
z clutch aligning tool = special
tool, either in the form of a bar or a
disc, with the aid of which clutch
plate and flywheel can be
precisely aligned on single disc
clutches: Duïng cuï caân ly hôïp.
z clutch brake n. device for
slowing down the clutch plate and
hence the gears on the input shaft
in order to enable faster and
quieter engagement of gears:
Phanh ly hôïp.
z clutch cable n. operating cable
from the clutch pedal to the clutch
release lever: Caùp ly hôïp.
z clutch cover n. bowl-shaped
cover house the rotating elements
of a friction clutch, anchors the
clutch spring(s), and is normally
attached to the flywheel: Naép
(baàu) ly hôïp.
z clutch disc n. US = CLUTCH
PLATE: Ñóa ly hôïp.
65
clutch release
z clutch drag n. failure of the
clutch to disengage completely
when the pedal is depressed, with
the result that gear changes
become difficult as the driven
plate and input shaft continue to
rotate: Söï tröôït ly hôïp.
z clutch facing n. = CLUTCH
LINING
z clutch fork n. clutch release
lever with a forked end which
presses on the release bearing to
disengage the clutch: Caàn nhaû ly
hôïp (daïng næa)
z clutch housing n. = BELT
HOUSING: Voû boä ly hôïp vaø baùnh
ñaø.
z clutch judder n. faulty
condition in which the clutch does
not take up smoothly but judders
during engagement: Söï rung laéc ly
hôïp.
z clutch lining n. ring of friction
material on the clutch plate: Beà
maët ñóa ma saùt ly hôïp
z clutch pedal n. pedal which
operates the clutch usually either
mechanically via a cable, or
hydraulically: Baøn ñaïp ly hôïp.
z clutch plate n. part of the clutch
assembly which carries the clutch
lining and is squeezed between the
flywheel and pressure plate when
the pedal is released, thus
transmitting power to the gearbox
input shaft: Ñóa ly hôïp.
(NOTE: US English is clutch disc)
z clutch release or thrust
bearing n. bearing (usually a
roller bearing) that can be moved
by the release lever through clutch
pedal action to disengage the drive
clutch release lever
from the engine to the
transmission: Baïc ñaïn ñaåy ly hôïp.
(NOTE: US English is throw out
bearing)
z clutch release lever = lever one
end of which presses on the clutch
release bearing, the other being
actuated mechanically or
hydraulically by the clutch pedal:
Caàn ñaåy ly hôïp.
(NOTE: US English is throw out
fork, lever)
z clutch shaft n. short gearbox
input shaft, rotating at engine
speed and coaxial with but not
connected to the main shaft, which
transmits power from the clutch to
the gearbox: Truïc boä ly hôïp.
z clutch slip n. incomplete
engagement of a clutch, so that
not all the drive torque is
transmitted even whenthe clutch
pedal is fully released and the
driven plate does not rotate as fast
as the flywheel, engine speed
increase but road speed open does
not: Söï tröôït ly hôïp.
z clutch spring n. one of the coil
springs (generally mounted in the
clutch cover) which press the
pressure plate against the driven
clutch plate to transmit the drive:
Loø xo ly hôïp.
z clutch stop n. = CLUTCH
BRAKE
C-matic transmission n. trade name
for a semi-automatic transmission
developed by Citroen: Hoäp soá baùn
töï ñoäng.
CNG = COMPRESSED NATURAL
GAS: Khí thieân nhieân neùn
CO = CARBON MONOXIDE
66
coarse pitch
coach n. a single-deck bus, usually
with a luxurious specification, for
carrying passenger over long
distances, either from city to city
regular schedules or in groups on
tours: Xe khaùch ñöôøng daøi.
coach bolt n. bolt with a mushroom
head underneath which it has a
square neck which holds it in a
matching square recess, e.g. in
wood, so that a spanner is only
needed for the nut: Bu loâng chìm.
coachbuilder n. firm specializing in
the production of special bodies for
motor vehicles: Nhaø chuyeân saûn
xuaát thaân xe.
z coach construction = vehicle
layout incorporating a separate
chassis frame which serves as a
carrier of all drive train and
suspension parts, the vehicle body
itself not forming an integral
structural part of the vehicle: Caáu
truùc toång thaønh
coach lining n. thin, precisely
contoured lines, especially along
the whole side of the vehicle, also
an motorcycle tanks, the most
common colours being gold and
black: Ñöôøng vieàn chính.
z coachwork n. = bodywork:
Thaân xe.
coarse(-cut) file = file for the rapid
removal of large amounts of
material in a first rough shaping
stage: Caùi giuõa thoâ.
(NOTE: opposite is smooth file)
z coarse pitch n. construction of
a gear or screw thread with
relatively wide gaps between the
teeth or threads: Raêng hoaëc ren
thoâ.
coarse-thread
z coarse-thread = screw thread
with relatively wide gaps between
the threads, and hence fewer
threads for a given length of
screw: Böôùc ren thoâ.
coast v. to run without any drive being
transmitted to the wheels, either in
neutral or with the clutch out:
Chaïy baèng quaùn tính (khi ñaïp ly
hôïp)
coat 1 n. layer of material, usually
applied in liquid form, cover a
surface: Lôùp, maøng.
2 v. to apply a layer of usually
liquid material: phuû (sôn).
z coating n. (a) action of
applying a layer of material to a
surface: Söï taïo maøng.
cock n. tap or shut-off valve
controlling the flow of water: Caùi
voøi nöôùc.
cockpit n. area comprising the driver’s
seat and all instruments and
controls especially in a racing car:
Buoàng laùi.
z coefficient of friction n. ratio of
the force needed to slide one
surface over another to the force
preventing the motion: Heä soá ma
saùt.
cog n. (informal ) gear: Baùnh raêng
z cog-swapping = gear changing:
Söï sang soá.
z cogged belt n. toothed belt: Ñai
raêng.
coil n. (a) device for generating high
tension voltage consisting of
primary and secondary windings
around a laminated iron core:
Cuoän daây (boâbin ñaùnh löûa)
(NOTE: also called ignition coil)
(b) FIELD COIL/ WINDING:
Cuoän daây kích töø
67
cold-condensate corrosion
coil chimney n. = COIL TOWER
z coil coating n. process of coating
continuous metal strips with an
organic finishing system for
decoration and protection: Daùn
ñöôøng vieàn.
coil ignition (CI) (system) n.
inductive ignition system with an
ignition coil which stores the
primary current from the battery
and steps it up to ignition (high
tension) voltage, which is then
transferred to the sparking plugs
via the distributor and HT (high
tension) leads in the engine firing
order: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän
caûm.
coil lead n. HT lead form the coil to
the distributor : daây phin (cao aùp).
(NOTE: US English is coil wire)
z coil spring n. spiral of spring
steel wire, used in suspension
systems and clutches and as valve
springs: Loø xo cuoän (xoaén).
z coil spring clutch = clutch in
which a ring of coil springs hold
the pressure plate in position: Ly
hôïp loaïi loø xo cuoän.
z coil spring compressor =
spring compressor: thieát bò neùn loø
xo.
z coil tower n. top of the standard
type of ignition coil in which the
socket for the ht lead to the
distributor is found, projecting
upwards: Ñaàu thöù caáp cuûa boâbin.
z coil wire n. US = COIL LEAD
coke n. CARBON: Than coác.
z coked up a. covered with a
thick carbon deposit: Ñoùng muoäi
than daøy
cold-condensate corrosion n.
cold cranking ability
corrosion of the inside of exhaust
systems by direct chemical attack
resulting from an acidic, aqueous
solution that condenses from the
exhaust gas at the cooler rear
portions of the exhaust systems:
Söï aên moøn do ngöng tuï ôû poâ.
cold cranking ability n. criterion for
assessing the performance of a
battery based on its ability to
supply the considerable amount of
current need to turn the engine
when cold: Khaû naêng khôûi ñoäng
laïnh.
z cold galvanizing n. galvanizing
with zinc-rich paint or similar, or
by electroplating with zinc: Söï maï
keõm nguoäi.
z cold sparking plug n. sparking
plug with a short insulator nose,
which absorbs less heat and
dissipates heat quickly: Bougie
nguoäi (laïnh)
z cold spraying n. spraying
method in which the paint is
diluted with so much solvent
evaporating after painting: Phöông
phaùp phun sôn vôùi nhieàu dung
moâi
cold starting n. starting the engine
from cold: Khôûi ñoäng laïnh.
cold start enrichment n. increasing
the fuel content of the air /fuel
mixture to compensate for
condensation losses in the intake
system when the engine is cold: Söï
laøm giaøu hoãn hôïp khi khôûi ñoäng
laïnh.
cold start injector n. device in fuel
injection systems which injects
additional fuel during starter
operation when the engine is cold,
68
colour–coded
working in much the same way as
a choke on a carburettor: Kim
phun khôûi ñoäng laïnh.
collapsible spare tire n. US =
SPACE SAVING SPARE
WHEEL: Voû xe döï tröõ.
z collapsible steering column n.
steering column designed to fold or
telescope in a case of frontal
impact: Truïc tay laùi xeáp .
z collar n. (a) washer fitted under
the head of a bolt or screw: Voøng
ñeäm.
(b) raised area on a shaft to hold it
in position, usually against a
bearing: Phaàn nhoâ cuûa truïc phía
gaén oå bi
collector’s car n. usually older car
which is value to collectors: Xe
cuûa ngöôøi söu taäp.
collet n. removable collar fitting in a
groove to hold, for example, the
valve spring on the stem: Voøng
giöõ (loø xo suùpaùp)
colour chart n. booklet containing
details of paint name; codes and
samples of exact colours, for the
customer to choose from:
Cataloge maøu
z colour coat n. coat of paint
which has desired final colour,
often but not always the top coat
(in the case of two-pack finishes a
clear lacquer is applied on top of
it): lôùp sôn cuoái.
z colour–coded a. (a) finished in
the same colour as the main part of
the bodywork: Truøng maøu vôùi
thaân xe
(NOTE: also called colour-keyed
or colour-matched)
(b) (of wiring, etc.) finished in
colour scheme
different colours to aid
recognition: Ky ùhieäu maøu daây.
z colour scheme n. combination
of colours, on the outside or inside
of the vehicle: Toå hôïp maøu trong
vaø ngoaøi thaân xe
column (gear) change n. gear change
mechanism in which the gear lever
is on the steering column, just
below the steering wheel: Cô caáu
sang soá treân voâ laêng.
(NOTE: also called column shift
especially in the USA)
z combination pliers n. typical
general purpose pliers with
serrated jaws, an oval recess and a
wire cutter, in the USA they also
have a slip joint so that the jaws
can be opened wider: Kìm ña
naêng.
z combination spanner n.
spanner with a ring spanner at one
end and an open end of the same
size at the other: Chìa khoùa voøng
mieäng.
z combination valve n. pressure
regulating valve in braking
systems incorporating a failure
warning switch and comprising two
or more of the fowling valves;
pressure differential valve,
metering valve, proportioning
valve: Van toå hôïp (heä thoáng
phanh)
combustion n.extremely rapid (but not
explosive) burning of the air/ fuel
mixture timed to occur when the
piston is at the top of its stroke, so
that it is forced down to turn the
crankshaft: Söï chaùy.
z combustion chamber = space
between the top of the piston and
69
commutator
the cylinder head, in which the air/
fuel mixture is burned: Buoàng
chaùy.
z combustion chamber recess =
area when combustion occurs in a
rotary piston engine: Vuøng chaùy
trong ñoäng cô Wankel.
z combustion pressure = pressure
created during the combustion of
the air/ fuel mixture in the
cylinder, measure in pounds per
square inch: AÙp suaát cuûa quaù
trình chaùy.
z combustion residue(s) = carbon
and other deposits resulting from
combustion: Saûn phaåm baùm laïi
khi chaùy.
CO meter n. device for checking
exhaust gas for carbon monoxide,
a high lever of which indicates an
over-rich mixture as well as
causing pollution: Thieát bò ño khí
CO.
comet head n. head with a swirl
chamber for indirect injection
diesel engines: Naép maùy vôùi
buoàng xoaùy loác.
comfort (C) n. fairly basic car model
specification: Xe loaïi tieän nghi.
z Comfort Luxe (CL) = slightly
more luxurious specification than
comfort: Tieän nghi vaø sang troïng.
commercial vehicle = vehicle for
carrying goods or large number of
passenger for money: Xe kinh
doanh (chôû haøng hoaëchaønh
khaùch)
commutator n. series of copper bars
at one end of the dynamo or starter
motor armature, electrically
insulated from one an other by
mica: Coå goùp ñieän.
compact car
compact car n. american car category
with a length of 14 ft 5 ins -17 ft
and taking five passengers: Xe hôi
loaïi nhoû 5 choã.
company car n. car provided by an
employer for an employee’s
business or private use: Xe coâng
ty.
z company logo n. emblem
forming the whole or part of a
company’s trademark: Bieåu töôïng
cuûa coâng ty.
compass (display) n. instrument with a
magnetized needle which always
point to the magnetic north: La
baøn.
compensating bar n. = composite.
COMPENSATOR
z compensating jet n. jet in a
fixed jet carburetor which supplies
other extra air or extra fuel to
maintain the correct mixture
strength: Gíclô phuï.
compensation port n. small hole in
the wall of the tandem master
cylinder with connect the brake
fluid reservoir to the pressure
chamber: Loã buø (phanh)
compensator n. horizontal bar which
is pulled forward when the
handbrake is applies at its central
point, which is pivoted, while it is
connected, at each end to the
handbrake cable, enabling equal
force to be exerted on each rear
brake: Thanh caân baèng trong
phanh tay.
competition car n. car specially
construct for taking part in
competitions, such as races, hill
climbs and rallies: Xe hôi ñua.
component n.part which may be
70
comprehension insurance
either a single piece, such as a
brush, or an assembly such as a
starter or a fuel pump: Thaønh
phaàn, chi tieát
component sharing = the use of the
same components (including major
components such as engines) in
different models and even in
models from different
manufacturers: Söï laép laãn chi tieát.
composite propeller shaft n.
innovative, single-piece propeller
shaft made of fibre-reinforced
epoxy in which the fibres are
usually glass and/ or carbon: Truïc
caùnh quay baèng vaät lieäu
compound carburettor n. carburettor
with more than one choke
(normally two-a small throttle
openings and a larger one for large
throttle openings), but for fitting to
a single port: Boä cheá hoøa khí keùp
(2 hoïng)
z compound (centre) electrode
n. electrode for a sparking plug
with a copper core and a jacket of
a nickel-based alloy: Ñieän cöïc
trung taâm baèng hôïp kim.
z compound glass n. = laminated
glass: Kính haït löïu.
z compound motor n. DC electric
motor with two separate fields
windings, one in parallel and the
other in series with the armature
circuit; used as a starter motor:
Moâtô ñaáu hoãn hôïp.
comprehension insurance n.
insurance against most ricks,
including third-party liability, fire,
theft, and damage: Baûo hieåm toaøn
dieän.
compress
compress v. to place under pressure
or to squeeze into a small space:
Ñeø, neùn, eùp
z compressed air = air at a
higher than atmospheric pressure,
used to drive tools and machinery:
Khí neùn.
z compressed-air spray gun =
spray guy which atomizes the
coating material and projects it
against a surface by mean of the
negative pressure occurring when
a stream of air enters a pipe of
smaller diameter: Suùng phun sôn.
z compressed natural gas (CNG)
see NATURAL GAS: Khí thieân
nhieân neùn.
z compression n. (a) compressing
of the air/ fuel mixture drawn into
the combustion champer before
ignition takes place, either by the
piston during its upward travel, or
in the case of rotating engines by
the reduction of the volume in the
area between the rotor and the
epitrochoid housing: Söùc neùn.
zcheck the engine’s compression
= turn the engine and check that
adequate resistance is felt when it
piston reaches the top of its
compression stroke; alternatively
use a compression tester: Kieåm
tra söùc neùn ñoäng cô.
zthe shock absorber
adjustable in both compression
and rebound = it is possible to
adjust the resistance of the shock
absorber to both pressure and
rebound: Boä giaûm chaán coù theå
ñieàu chænh söï neùn vaø söï baät laïi.
z compression gauge n. =
COMPRESSION TESTER: Maùy
compression tester
ño söùc neùn.
z compression ignition n. system
on which the diesel engine works,
where ignition is caused by the
heat of compression and not by a
spark: Söï chaùy nhôø neùn (diesel)
z compression ignition = DIESEL
ENGINE: Chaùy nhôø neùn (Ñoäng
cô diesel).
z compression leakage n. loss of
compression due to the escape of
gases usually part the piston and
due to wear of the bores and
piston rings: Söï giaûm söùc neùn do
hôû baïc…
z compression moulding n.
shaping of moulding by softening it
under pressure and the action of
heat, and forcing it through a hole
into a hollow space which it
completely fills: Söï ñuùc baèng aùp
suaát.
z compression ratio (CR) n. ratio
of the volume between the piston
and cylinder head when the piston
is at the top of its stroke (top dead
centre): Tæ soá neùn.
z compression ring n. upper
piston ring of an internal
combustion engine: Baïc löûa,
seùcmaênng khí
z compression stroke n. upward
stroke of the piston with both
is valves closed; as the piston
ascends, the air/ fuel mixture (in
diesel engines air only) is
temperature of the charge before
ignition: Thì neùn.
z compression tester n.
instrument for measuring engine
compression when the running or
cranking the engine, usually
71
compressor
inserted in the plughole on petrol
engines: Thieát bò ño söùc neùn.
z compressor n. (a) pump for
increase pressure used e.g. in air–
conditioning or in forced induction
(supercharging or turbo charging):
Maùy neùn (taêng aùp)
z compressor impeller = impeller
of a turbocharger driven by the
turbine at speed to 160.000 rpm,
which accelerates by centrifugal
force the charge air which enters
axially and leaves radially at very
high velocity: caùnh turbine taêng
aùp.
(b) tool for compressing a coil
spring, such as a valve spring:
Thieát bò neùn loø xo.
Compress (pressure wave)
supercharger n. supercharger
using the pressure waves reated by
the expanding exhaust gases to
compress the inlet charge: Heä
thoáng taêng aùp baèng soùng aùp suaát
computer aided a. (of process) in
which computers are used for
calculations, etc.: Hoã trôï baèng
maùy tính.
z computer controlled a.
regulated by a computer: Ñieàu
khieån baèng maùy tính.
z computer controlled catalytic
converter = system in which
exhaust emissions are controlled
by close regulation of the a/ f ratio
and by the use of a three-way
catalytic converter: Boä xuùc taùc
ñieàu khieån baèng maùy tính.
(NOTE: opposite is open-loop
catalytic converter)
z computer controlled ignition
timing = electronic ignition system
72
condenser
with an integral microprocessor
determining the correct timing
using information from crankshaft
and camshaft sensors: Thôøi ñieåm
ñaùnh löûa ñöôïc ñieàu khieån baèng
maùy tính.
z concealed headlight n.
headlight which are hidden under
covers until required, when they
are raised into position: Ñeøn pha
xeáp.
(NOTE: also called pop-up
headlight)
concept car n. car incorporating new
ideas, of which only one example
is usually made primarily as a
design exercise, but also to
impress the public: Xe thöû nghieäm
(thöôøng laø model môùi ñeå tröng
baøy)
concourse n. a meeting to which
enthusiasts bring their classic cars
to show, including a competition
to decide which is the smartest:
Ngaøy hoäi xe hôi coå ñieån.
condensation n. liquid, especially
water, formed due to cooling of
moist air or vapour, also the
process of its formation: Söï ngöng
tuï.
z condense v. to increase in
density and (of a vapour) to
become a liquid: ngöng tuï.
z condensed water = water
resulting from condensation: nöôùc
ngöng tuï.
z condenser n. device in an air-
conditioning system mounted in
front of the car’s radiator with coils
and turns to liquid: Boä ngöng tuï
(giaøn noùng)
(NOTE: opposite is evaporator)
conductive
conductive a. capable of conducting
or carrying electricity: Daãn ñieän.
(NOTE: opposite is resistivity)
z conductor n. material which
conducts electricity due to the fact
that it has many free electrons:
Vaät daãn ñieän.
(NOTE: opposite is insulator)
cone clutch n. early type of clutch in
which the driving and driven
elements have conical surfaces,
still used in the synchronizing
mechanisms of synchromesh
transmissions: Ly hôïp coân.
configuration n. arrangement of part
in relation to one another: Caáu
hình.
conical a. in the shape of a cone;
tapered: Hình noùn.
z conical seat or seating =
circular seating, e.g. for a valve or
sparking plug, with slopping sides:
Beä hình coân.
connecting rod n. bar forming the link
between piston and crankshaft, and
transmitting the force exerted by
the piston to the crankshaft: Thanh
truyeàn (tay deân).
z connecting rod bearing = BIG-
END BEARING: Baïc loùt thanh
truyeàn
z connecting rod shank =
longitudinal, usually I-section, part
of the connecting rod: Thaân thanh
truyeàn
connection n. joining of two parts,
especially parts connecting
electricity: Söï keát noái (noái daây
ñieän)
z connector n. part which joins
two or more parts together: Giaéc
noái.
73
contact
con rod n. ( informal) =
CONNECTING ROD
console n. small fascia and/ or storage
space between the front seats in a
car, which may serve as a support
for additional instruments: Khung
ñeå gaén tableau.
constantan n. nickel and copper
alloy, used as resistance wire or in
thermocouples: Hôïp kim cuûa
ñoàng vaø nikel
constant-mesh gearbox n. most
commonly used transmission type
in which forward gear pairs
remain in mesh all the time, the
driving pair being engaged by a
clutch mechanism incorporating a
hub and sleeve, today almost
invariably laid out as a
synchromesh mechanism: Hoäp soá
kieåu luoân aên khôùp.
z constant power distribution or
split n. system with ensures that
the same amount of the power is
always transmitted to the front and
rear wheels in a four wheel drive
vehicle: Söï phaân boá ñeàu coâng
suaát treân xe hai caàu.
constant velocity joint (CV joint) n.
universal joint in which the driven
shaft rotates at a constant speed
regardless of the angle adopted,
given a constant input shaft speed:
Khôùp noái ñoàng toác (Ñaàu laùp)
consumption n. process of using up
or amount used, especially of fuel
or oil: Söï tieâu thuï (nhieân lieäu,
daàu nhôùt)
contact n. (a) touching of two parts:
Söï tieáp xuùc.
(b) part carrying electricity made
to touch another such part for
contact area
passing current, e.g. in a switch or
a contact breaker: Caùi coâng taéc,
tieáp ñieåm.
contact area n. = CONTACT
PATCH: Vuøng tieáp xuùc.
z contact arm n. arm in the
distributor or which the moving
contact is mounted: Caàn vít buùa
(vít löûa)
z contact bounce n. rapid
opening and closing of electrical
contacts causing intermittent
functioning of the circuit: Hieän
töôïng rung tieáp ñieåm (vít)
z contact breaker (CB) n.
mechanical switch as the part of
the distributor of breaker-triggered
ignition systems which breaks the
primary current at the ignition
point to provide a spark, consisting
of a fixed contact or point and an
arm with a moving contact or
point: Tieáp ñieåm (Vít löûa).
z contact breaker gap =
POINTS GAP: Khe hôû vít löûa
z contact breaker plate = plate
on which the the contact breaker
assembly is mounted, and which
can be rotated slightly by the
vacuum or centrifugal advance
mechanism: Maâm xoay vít löûa.
z contact breaker point =
individual contact of a contact
breaker: Ñieåm tieáp xuùc cuûa vít
löûa
z contact chatter n. = giving a constant supply of fuel :
CONTACT BOUNCE
z contactless electronic ignition
(system) n. = BREAKERLESS
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
(SYSTEM): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
74
continuously variable transmission
baùn daãn khoâng tieáp ñieåm.
z contact patch n. parts of a tyre
in contact with the road surface:
Phaàn tieáp xuùc cuûa voû xe vôùi maët
ñöôøng
(NOTE: also called footprint)
z contact pattern n. wear pattern
visible at point where two parts
touch: Veát moøn.
z contact point n. = CONTACT
BREAKER POINT
z contact set n. replacement
contact breaker assembly for
fitting when new points are
required: Nguyen boä vít löûa ñeå
thay theá
z contact spring n. spring
pressing on a contact to hold it in
engagement, in a switch, bulb
holder, etc.: Loø xo tieáp xuùc (ñuoâi
ñeøn, coâng taéc)
contaminant n. dirt or other
undesirable substance or pollutant:
Chaát gaây oâ nhieãm, hoaëc laøm baån
Continental-type fuse n. ceramic fuse
with conical and caps, colour-
coded for different values: Caàu
chì söù.
Continuous AC Ignition System
(CACIS) n. fundamentally new
ignition system, where a high-
energy AC arc burns for the entire
power stroke: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
xoay chieàu lieân tuïc
continuous injection system (CIS) n.
mechanical fuel injection system
Heä thoáng phun xaêng lieân tuïc
(kieåu K).
z continuously variable
transmission (CVT) n.
transmission system in which the
control
speed ratio of driving and driven
elements is infinitely variable over
the required working range, or is
varied over a very large of number
fixed ratios, either automatically or
by manual control: Hoäp soá voâ caáp.
control 1 n. (a) device used to
regulate the functioning of system,
either operated by the driver by
mean of a lever, knob or switch, or
operating automatically: Thieát bò
ñieàu khieån, kieåm soaùt
(b) ability of the driver to make the
vehicle perform as required: Söï
ñieàu khieån (xe)
2 v. to make do what is required:
Ñieàu khieån.
z control arm n. suspension arm
controlling wheel camber,
especially the upper or lower wish
born: Thanh giaèng.
z control box n.(a) box containing
voltage regulators and cut-out:
Hoäp ñieàu khieån ñieän.
(b) = CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu
khieån.
z control cable n. cable usually in
an outer sheath, running from a
knob or lever to the device which it
operates or regulates: Caùp ñieàu
khieån.
(NOTE: US English is control
wire)
controlled burn rate see CBR
PROCESS: Toác ñoä chaùy ñöôïc
kieåm soaùt
controlled combustion system (CCS)
n.General Motors term covering a
set of emission control measures,
including (i) modified combustion
champer design, (ii) high-
temperature coolant systems, (iii)
75
control valve
thermostatically controlled air
cleaners, (iv) very lean A/F
mixtures, (v) high idle speed, (vi)
severely retarded ignition timing,
(vii) TCS and TVS: Heä thoáng
kieåm soaùt quaù trình chaùy.
controlled vehicle n. vehicle fitted
with a system for reducing exhaust
emissions, such as a catalytic
converter, egr, air injection or fuel
evaporative emission control: Xe
ñöôïc kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
z control plunger n. device in a
fuel injection system whose up-
and- down movement in the
metering unit of the fuel
distributor controls the open cross
sectional area of the metering
ports and thus the quantity of fuel
supplies to the individual
cylinders: Van ñieàu khieån nhieân
lieäu.
z control pressure n. pressure in
fuel injection systems; pressure in
an automatic transmission which
acts on the commands valves and
is derived from line pressure or
from throttle pressure: Aùp suaát
ñieàu khieån .
z control stalk n. spindle
projecting from the steering
column just below the steering
wheel, on which are grouped
controls for some or all the
following; light, windscreen wipers
and washers, direction indicators
and horns: Coâng taéc toå hôïp tr6en
vuøng tay laùi
z control unit n. = ELECTRONIC
CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu
khieån ñieän töû.
z control valve n. valve regulat-
control valve assembly
ing or operating a system,
especially a hydraulic or vacuum
control system: Van ñieàu khieån.
z control valve assembly =
casting located in the sump of an
automatic gearbox, which contains
most of the valves for the hydraulic
control system: Cuïm van ñieàu
khieån.
z control wire n. US =
CONTROL CABLE
conv n. = CONVERTIBLE
conventional ignition system n.
ignition system consisting of
battery, ignition switch, ballast
resistor, ignition coil, distributor
and capacitor, contact breaker,
centrifugal or vacuum advance
unit, sparking plug and ignition
cables: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
thöôøng (vít löûa)
conventional spare wheel n. spare
wheel identical with the standard
wheels on a car: Baùnh xe döï
phoøng.
conversion n. (a) changing from on
state into another, e.g. of toxious
gases into harmless gases: Söï
chuyeån ñoåi traïng thaùi
(b) altered state of a particular
system, or set of parts needed to
achieve it: Traïng thaùi ñaõ thay ñoåi
cuûa moät heä thoáng
z manual choke conversion (kit)
= parts needed to change an
automatic choke into a manually
operated choke: Phuï tuøng ñeå
chuyeån böôùm gioù töï ñoäng sang
böôùm gioù tay.
z conversion coating n. metal
surface coating consisting of a
compound of the base metal: Lôùp
76
converter top
neàn (sôn).
z conversion rate n. rate at
which a given catalytic converter
purifies the exhaust gas stream,
governed by various parameters
such as operating conditions and
converter design: Toác ñoä hoaù khöû.
converter n. (a) = TORQUE
CONVERTER: Boä bieán moâ.
(b) = CATALYTIC CONVERTER:
Boä xuùc taùc.
(c) = ADAPTER: Ñaàu chuyeån
tieáp
z converter case n. assembly in
an automatic gearbox comprising
the impeller with the converter
cover welded to it, containing the
converter fluid and vane wheel s
and connected to the crankshaft via
the drive plate and revolving at
engine speed: Voû boä bieán moâ.
z converter cover n. part in an
automatic gearbox welded to the
pump, with which it constitutes the
converter case: Voû bôm boä bieán
moâ.
z converter housing n. (a)
stationary outer part of the
automatic gearbox casing which
houses the converter case: Voû hoäp
soá.
(b) housing of a catalytic
converter: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
(NOTE: also called converter
shell)
convertible n. car with a hood that
can be folded down or a hard top
which can be removed: Xe mui
xeáp (mui traàn)
(NOTE: also called open car)
z converter top (US) = soft
foldable top of an open car, top of
coolant
an open car, made of canvas or
vinyl and usually including a PVC
rear window: Mui xeáp
coolant n. mixture of water and anti-
freeze (usually now with corrosion
inhibitors) in the cooling system:
Nöôùc laøm maùt ñoäng cô
z coolant level warning light n.
light on the instrument panel with
comes on when there is too little
coolant in the cooling system: Ñeøn
baùo möïc nöôùc laøm maùt
z coolant pump n. = WATER
PUMP: Bôm nöôùc laøm maùt
z coolant temperature sensor n.
sensor usually on the bottom of the
radiator connected to the
temperature gauge: Caûm bieán
nhieät ñoä nöôùc laøm maùt
cooling fan n. large and powerful fan
on an air cooled engine, usually of
the axial flow type, driven via a v-
belt from the engine crankshaft,
with supplies a large volume of
cooling air to the cooling fins of
the engine, and adds significantly
to engine noise: Quaït laøm maùt
keùt nöôùc
z cooling fins n. protruding strips
of flat metal cast on the cylinder of
air cooled engines (and sometimes
other component) to increase the
available cooling surface, and to
improve heat dissipation: Caùnh
taûn nhieät.
z cooling jacket n. = WATER
JACKET: Aùo nöôùc
cooling system n. system for keeping
the temperature of an engine down
to a desirable level, usually by the
circulation of water with additives:
Heä thoáng laøm maùt
77
core plug
copolymer n. polymer produce from
two different monomers: Hôïp chaát
cao phaân töû ñöôïc saûn xuaát töø hai
ñôn theå
copper core n. central electrode of a
sparking plug or the wires of an
HT lead made of copper, which is
an excellent conductor electricity:
Loõi ñoàng cuûa ñieän cöïc bougie
hoaëc daây cao aùp
z copper-core lead =
(unsuppressed) HT lead with a
copper core: Daây phin loõi ñoàng.
z copper-faced hammer n.
hammer with a round head made
of copper, used on items which
would be damaged by the use of a
harder steel hammer, such as
knock-off hubcaps or spinners:
Buùa ñaàu ñoàng.
z copper plating n. applying a
thin layer of copper by electrolytic
deposition, especially on parts in
the electrical system such as
terminals and contacts: Maï ñoàng
cord n. strong thread usually of nylon
used in the carcass of a tyre: Loõi
voû xe.
core n. (a) central part which is
entirely enclosed, as in an ignition
coil, a sparking plug, an electrical
lead or a tyre valve: Loõi, cöïc
(b) main part of a radiator below
the header tank, consisting of
numerous small tubes with
cooling fins and gaps between for
the air to pass through: Væ laøm maùt
trong keùt nöôùc.
z core plug n. sheet metal disc
inserted in a hole in the water
jacket of the cylinder block to
prevent it from cracking if the
cornering
coolant should freeze due to
insufficient anti-freeze, the core
plug being forced out by the
pressure created by the expansion
of the water when frozen: Nuùt
choáng nöùt loác maùy (baèng kim
loaïi, ñaët beân ngoaøi aùo nöôùc)
(NOTE: US English is freeze-
plug)
cornering n. negotiation of a corner
or bend: Söï quay voøng
z good/ poor cornering (ability)
= ability / inability of a car to go
round corners safely at a
reasonable speed, without body
roll and breakaway: khaû naêng
quay voøng toát / xaáu
z cornering forces = forces
exerted on a tyre by the slip angle
when taking a corner: Löïc taùc
duïng leân baùnh xe khi quay voøng
z corner speed = speed at which
a corner is taken: Toác ñoä quay
voøng
corrode v. (a) to suffer corrosion,
especially rust: AÊn moøn.
(b) to cause corrosion in: Laøm aên
moøn.
z corrosion n. chemical process in
which a metal is eaten away, such
as the oxidation of iron and steel,
otherwise known a rusting: Söï aên
moøn (hoaù hoïc).
z corrosion control
prevention or protection =
minimizing corrosion by coating
with a protective metal, an oxide,
or similar substance, or with a
protective paint, or by rendering
the metal passive: Kieåm soaùt
(choáng) söï aên moøn
z corrosion inhibitor = substance
countersink
formed at a result of corrosion:
Chaát ñöôïc hình thaønh trong quaù
trình aên moøn
z corrosion resistance = ability of
metals to withstand corrosion: Khaû
naêng choáng aên moøn.
z corrosion warranty = ANTI–
CORROSION WARRANTY
z corrosive a. causing corrosion:
Laøm aên moøn
cost-effective a. worthwhile in terms
of tangible benefits produced by
money spent: Hieäu suaát ñaàu tö coù
hieäu quaû lôïi nhuaän
cost option n.option extra for a new
car available on payment of an
additional sum: Chi phí gaén theâm.
cotter n. tapered pin or wedge
inserted through holes in two parts
such as a or wheel or other part
on a shaft, so us to hold the two
parts firmly in position relative to
one another: Choát giöõ.
z cotter pin = (a) SPLIT PIN
(b) COTTER
coulomb (C) n. unit of electric charge
being the amount of electricity
conveyed in one second by a
current of one ampere: Culoâng
countershaft n. US = LAY SHAFT:
Truïc trung gian
countersink v. to enlarge the part of a
hole on the surface of the material
or so that a conical recess is formed
to take the correspondingly shaped
heat of a screw, which will then be
flush with the surface: Maët vaùt loã
ren.
z countersunk bolt or screw =
bolt or screw the back of whose
head is angled to conform with the
angle (countersink angle) of the
78
countersunk hole
sides of the hole into which it is
fitted: Ñinh vít hoaëc bu loâng chìm
z countersunk hole = enlarged
hole with slopping sides: Loã vaùt.
z counterweight n. (a) weight
added to the crankshaft of an
engine to improve smoothness of
running at low engine speeds as
well as even increase or decrease
of speed, usually in the form of an
extension of the crank web on the
opposite side from the crankpin:
Ñoái troïng (truïc khuyûu)
(b) = BALANCE WEIGHT: Troïng
löôïng caân baèng
coupe n. car with closed two-door
bodywork usually having a boot
(i.e. not a hatch back) and sleek
and sporty lines, the rear seat often
being rather cramped: Xe 2 cöûa
coupling n. part for joining two parts,
especially shafts: Khôùp noái
z coupling sleeve = sleeve or
collar moved along the main shaft
of a gearbox by a selector fork
engaging in a groove of its centre
and having dog clutches at either
end: OÁng truïc dòch chuyeån theo
truïc chính cuûa hoäp soá coù cô caáu
ñònh vò
courtesy light n. interior light which
comes on when the door is opened:
Ñeøn traàn.
cowl n. (a) part of the bodywork with
protects and/ or provides
streamlining for a usually
projecting component: Taám caûn
tröôùc ñaàu xe
(b) US = SCUTTLE
cowling n. = COWL
C-pillar or C-post n. third vertical
pillar of a typical saloon body shell
79
crankcase breather
behind the rear door and to either
side of the rear window,
connecting the rear of the roof to
the side of the body: Truï ñôõ phía
sau khung cöûa sau.
CR or cr = COMPRESSION RATIO:
Tyû soá neùn
cracking n. forming of cracks, e.g. in
the sidewalls of a tyre due to
hardening of the rubber, or in
paintwork due to weathering of an
excessively deep coat: Söï nöùt (voû
xe hoaëc sôn)
crank 1 n.(a) arm incorporating a right
angle, often mounted on a shaft:
Caùi tay quay
(b) = CRANKSHAFT: Truïc
khuyûu
2 v. to turn (the engine) by means
of the starter or with a handle:
Khôûi ñoäng
z cranking enrichment =
posision of a richer mixture for
starting the engine: Laøm giaøu hoaø
khí khi khôûi ñoäng.
z cranking speed = speed at
which the starter turns the engine:
Toác ñoä khôûi ñoäng.
z crankcase n. part of the engine
that house the crankshaft (and
usually the oil pump) and carries
the sump, typically made of cast
iron and in one piece with the
engine block: Cacte
z crankcase breather = vent
which allows fumes and blowby
gases to escape, and reduces
condensation, usually connected to
the air intake of the carburettor so
that the fumes can be burnt in the
combustion champer: Loã thoâng
hôi cacte
crankcase compression
z crankcase compression or pre-
compression = initial compression
of the fuel/ air/ oil mixture in a
two-stroke engine in the area
below the pistons to enable more
fresh charge to be fed into the
cylinder: Neùn tröôùc trong ñoäng
cô hai thì.
z crankcase emissions = running in the main bearings as
pollutants allowed to escape into
the atmosphere from the
crankcase: Söï oâ nhieãm do hôi
cacte
z crankcase half = one side of the
crankcase where it is split down
the middle, especially in single-
cylinder motorcycle engines: Nöûa
naép cacte (trong xe gaén maùy).
z crankcase scavenging = system
in a two–stroke engine where the
fresh charge is induced into the
cylinder via the crankcase and the
transfer ports: Heä thoáng naïp khí
qua cacte ( trong ñoäng cô hai thì)
z crankcase ventilation =
circulation of air through the
crankcase of a running engine to
removed water, blow–by and other
gases and thus prevent oil dilution
and contamination, sludge
formation and pressure build-up:
Thoâng hôi cacte
z cranked a. having an elbow or
right angle shape in it, e.g. a
starting handle or wheel brace:
Tay quay
z crankpin n. journal on which the
connecting rod of a piston engine
is mounted: Coå truïc gaù laép ñaàu
thanh truyeàn
z crankshaft n. part of the engine
connected to the pistons by
80
crash
connecting rods which converts the
reciprocating or up and down
motion of the pistons into rotary
motion used to provide the drive to
the wheels via the clutch and
transmission: Truïc khuyûu
z crankshaft journal = term
usually applied to the journals
opposed to those for the big-end
bearings: Coå truïc chính truïc
khuyûu
z crankshaft position sensor =
sensor which transmits data on the
exact position of the crankshaft to
the engine management system for
accurate ignition timing: Caûm
bieán vò trí píttoâng
z crankshaft pully = pully on the
nose of the crankshaft which may
be toothed for use with a cogged
belt for driving the crankshaft, or
recessed to accept a v-belt, or
slotted to take a ribbed belt for
driving the alternator or dynamo
plus sometimes the fans and water
pump, it may also carry timing
marks: Puli truïc khuyûu
z crankshaft sprocket = sprocket
mounted on the nose of the
crankshaft driving the camshaft via
a timing chain: Baùnh raêng truïc
khuyûu (truyeàn ñoäng xích)
z crank throw n. distance
between the crankpin and the axis
of rotation or centreline of the
crankshaft, which is equal to half
the stroke: Baùn kính khuyûu.
z crank web n. one of the pair of
arms which carry the big-end
journal: Maù truïc khuyûu
crash n. collision either with another
crash barrier
car or into some usually stationary
object: Söï ñuïng xe.
z crash barrier = barrier with
longitudinal members designed to
prevent a vehicle which is out of
control from leaving a road or race
track, or on a motorway from
crossing the central reserve: Con
löôn, haøng raøo phaân ranh giôùi.
z crash gearbox n. gearbox
without any synchromesh, thus
requiring double declutching: Hoäp
soá khoâng coù boä ñoàng toác.
(NOTE: also informally called
crash box)
crash recorder n. electric device
that measure the speed and
direction of a motor vehicle, as
well as brake and indicator
activity: Hoäp ghi döõ lieäu xe khi
xaûy ra tai naïn.
z crash sensor = sensor which
triggers the air bag when a certain
degree of deceleration is
exceeded, i.e. in a severe frontal
crash: Caûm bieán va chaïm (ñieàu
khieån goái hôi)
z crash test = controlled test in
which a vehicle is propelled into a
wall or another vehicle at a given
speed, in order to study the effect
on its structure, the effectiveness
of safety belts, etc.: Thöû nghieäm
va chaïm.
crawler n. (informal) slow-moving
vehicle: Xe ruøa, xe chaïy chaäm
z crawler gear = extremely low
gear mainly for off-road use: Soá
cöïc thaáp.
z crawler lane = separate lane
for heavy lorries and other slow-
moving vehicles on a hill: Laøn
81
crimping pliers or tool
daønh cho xe chaïy chaäm
crazing n. development of a network
of fine cracks on or just under the
surface of paintwork: Söï phaùt
trieån cuûa nhöõng veát nöùt sôn.
crease n. ridge produced by folding of
the metal either as part of the
design or as a result of accident
damage: Veát moáp.
creep n. tendency of a vehicle with
automatic transmission to edge
forwards when idling with drive
engaged unless held on the brake:
Söï tröôøn xe ôû toác ñoä caàm chöøng,
khoâng phanh (coù hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
z creepage n. spreading of
corrosion, especially rust, under
paintwork causing blistering and
flaking: Söï lan gæ döôùi lôùp sôn
z creeper n. low flat trolley made
of wooden slats with castors, used
by mechanics to lie on when
working under a vehicle: Xe goã
duøng ñeå chui gaàm (söûa chöõa)
crescent n. (in internal gear pumps)
part between the inner and outer
gears: Hình löôõi lieàm (phaàn naèm
giöõa baùnh raêng trong vaø ngoaøi
cuûa bôm baùnh raêng)
crest n. highest point of a screw
thread: Ñænh ren
(NOTE: opposite is root)
crimping n. creation of corrugations in
two thin metal parts as they are
pressed tightly together in order to
join them, a method often used in
place of soldering for electrical
connections: Neáp gaáp choå noái daây
vôùi ñaàu giaéc caám
crimping pliers or tool = tool in the
form of pliers with serrated jaws
especially for creating electrical
critical speed
connections: Kìm boùp daây
critical speed n. engine or shaft
speed at which some unwanted
phenomon such as vibration sets
in: Toác ñoä tôùi haïn
crocodile clip n. spring clip with
serrated jaws for making
temporary electrical connections,
as on jump leads: Keïp caù saáu
(ñieän)
(NOTE: US English is alligator
clip)
crossbar n. (a) any transverse bar,
especially a tie rod across the
chassis, also specifically the top
tube of a cycle or motorcycle
frame: Thanh ngang
(b) US = TOMMY BAR
z cross coat n. paint spraying
technique in which consecutive
coats are sprayed at right angles to
one another: Kyõ thuaät sôn chöû
thaäp
z cross - country vehicle n. = off-
road vehicle: Xe ñòa hình.
z cross-draught carburettor n.=
side draught carburettor: Boä cheá
hoaø khí huùt ngang.
z cross flow cylinder head n.
cylinder head design (especially in
an OHC–engine) with the inlet
manifold on one side and the
exhaust manifold on the other side
of the head, so that inlet and
exhaust valves are arranged on
opposite sides of the combustion
champer, giving a wider engine
but better gas flow: Naép qui laùt coù
oáng goùp huùt vaø thaûi ñoái xöùng
z cross flow radiator n. radiator
in which the water flows sideways
instead of vertically, and which is
82
cross-spoke wheel
therefore wider than it is high,
permitting a lower bonnet line: Boä
taûn nhieät vôùi doøng nöôùc chaûy
nagng
z cross-head screw n. screw
whose head has a double slot in the
shape of a cross, design to accept a
special screw-driver: Vít ñaàu chöû
thaäp
z cross-head screwdriver =
screwdriver such as the Phillips or
pozidriv type with cross-shaped
ridges in its point for cross-head
screws: Tua nô vít ñaàu chöõ thaäp
(pa ke)
z cross member n. any structural
main body or chassis member
mounted transversely, i.e. linking
left- and right- hand side members:
Thanh ngang (khung)
z cross-ply tyre n. tyre in which
the plies are laid diagonally,
running across the carcass and
crisscrossing one another at an
angle of about 300-400 : Voû xe lôùp
boá xieân.
z cross point screwdriver n. =
cross head screwdriver: Tua nô vít
ñaàu .
z cross scavenging n. scavenging
in a two-stroke engine with flow
across the cylinder assisted by a
wedge-shaped piston crown: Söï
queùt khí thaúng.
z cross section n. view of an
object when cut transversely at
right angles across its centre: Maët
caét.
z cross shaft n. any transverse
shaft: Truïc ngang.
z cross-spoke wheel n. modern
design of alloy wheel which
cross-threaded
imitates the appearance of the
classical wire wheel: Maâm ñuùc
giaû caêm
z cross-threaded a. (of a bolt)
damaged by being inserted in a
threaded hole at an angle: Bò treøo
ren.
z crosswind n. wind blowing at
the side of the car: Gioù ngang (xe)
z crown n. (a) top part, especially
of a piston: Ñænh, ñaàu (piston)
(b) outward curvature of an
apparently flat sheet metal panel:
Ñöôøng cong bieân (thaân xe)
z crown wheel n. large of two
gears in a bevel gear drive with
teeth round its periphery facing
sideways: Baùnh raêng noùn chuû
ñoäng (caàu)
z crown wheel and pinion = pair
of gears the final drive of a
vehicle, always found in the back
axle of a rear-wheel drive layout
where the pinion is on the end of
the propeller shaft driving the
crown wheel mounted on the
differential at right angles to it, and
also in front wheel drives where
the engine is not transversely
mounted: Voøng raêng vaø baùnh
raêng noùn chuû ñoäng (caàu)
z cruciform frame n. frame with
it X-shaped bracing either a
chassis frame, or in a monocoque
as strengthening for the floor:
Khung hình chöõ thaäp.
cruise v. to drive at a constant speed,
using a fairly small throttle
opening: Chaïy theo trôùn
z cruise control n. computer
controlled system which maintains
a preset speed unit the driver
83
cup-shape wire brush
overrides the system by braking or
accelerating, or by shutting it off:
Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån ga töï ñoäng.
z cruising speed n. constant speed
at which a car can be driven
without strain: Toác ñoä chaïy theo
trôùn.
crumple zone n. front end (and also
sometimes the rear end) of a car
which is so designed that it gives
way in a crash in order to absorb as
much as possible of the impact:
Caûn xe.
crusher n. machine which crushes
scrapped cars into small blocks:
Maùy eùp xe pheá thaûi.
cubby hole n. glove compartment on
older cars, often without a lid:
Ngaên chöùa ñoà ôû xe ñôøi cuõ.
cubes n. (informal) US = CUBIC
INCHES
zcubic capacity n. volume of any
enclosed space, including a
cylinder or an engine: Dung tích
(xy lanh).
zcubic centimetre n. usual unit
of measure for the capacity of an
engine, almost always abbreviated
to cc: Cm3
zcubic inch n. unit of measure for
the capacity of an engine used in
north America, equal to 16.387 cc:
Inch khoái.
(NOTE: abbreviated as cu .ins)
cup seal n. synthetic rubber seal with a
single lip used for sealing
hydraulic and pneumatic pistons:
Phoát (duøng cho piston thuûy löïc
hoaëc khí neùn)
z cup-shape wire brush n.
circular wire brush on an arbor for
use with an electric drill: Baøn chaûi
curb
saét ñeå ñaùnh boùng.
curb n. US = KERB: Leà ñöôøng.
cure v. (of a plastic) to harden: Toâi,
laøm cöùng.
z curing time n. time required for
a plastic such as a filler or coating
to harden: Thôøi gian toâi.
current regulator n.device for
controlling the current output of a
dynamo (which increases with
engine speed) by opening a switch
when the current exceeds a certain
value, thus protecting the dynamo
from damage due to excess
current: Boä tieát cheá doøng ñieän
(cho maùy phaùt moät chieàu)
custom a. individually made to suit the
requirements and tastes of the
owner, especially as regards
appearance: Söï thay ñoåi theo yù
chuû xe.
z custom wheel = special wheel
with attractive styling, usually
alloy, available as an aftermarket
accessory, fitted mainly to make a
car look more sporty: Baùnh xe
kieåu theå thao.
z customize v. to alter a car to suit
the requirements and tastes of the
owner, especially as regards
appearance: Laøm thay ñoåi theo yù
chuû xe.
cut and shut a. (of a car) shortened
by cutting out a section of the
chassis and/ or bodywork: Caét
ngaén thaân xe
z cutaway a. (of a drawing or
model) with part of the external
cover or causing removed to show
the internal parts and how they
work: Moâ hình caét boå (hìnhveõ
hoaëc vaät thaät)
84
cylinder
z cut-in speed n. speed at which
the dynamo has to rotate to
produce a voltage which is greater
than that across the battery
terminals: Toác ñoä phaùt ñieän (maùy
phaùt)
z cut-out n. circuit-breaker,
especially one in the charging
circuit of a dynamo, whose points
open when the dynamo output is
less than the battery voltage, so
that the battery does not drain into
the dynamo: Caàu dao caét ñieän.
cutting compound n. relatively
abrasive paste used to bring up the
shine of paint finishes which dry
dull or have gone dull due to
neglect: Boät nhaùm laøm boùng sôn
z cutting disc n. abrasive wheel
of an angle grinder: Ñóa caét.
z cutting line n. line established
by the factory along which weld-up
assemblies must be cut when
replacing a sheet metal part, in
order to maintain structural
strength in the finished repair:
Vaïch caét.
z cutting torch n. oxyacetylene
torch for cutting through metal,
used by emergency services and
people dismantling vehicles: Moû
haøn caét.
CV joint n. = CONSTANT
VELOCITY
CVT = CONTINUOUSLY
VARIABLE TRANSMISSION
CWT = HUNDREDWEIGHT
cycle n. sequence of changes of state
after which the system is in its
original state again: Chu kyø, chu
trình.
cylinder n.tubular chamber which
z cylinder bank
accommodates a reciprocating
piston, a in an engine or a
hydraulic system: Xy lanh.
z cylinder bank n. one half of the
V in a V-engine; i.e. one of the two
rows of four cylinders in the case
of a V-8: Daõy xylanh.
z cylinder barrel n.external
casing of a cylinder forming a
separate unit, especially of an air-
cooled engine: Phaàn boïc xylanh
trong ñoäng cô laøm maùt baèng gioù
cylinder block n. cast-iron or, less
frequently, cast-alloy casing
containing the cylinders of an
internal combustion engine, with a
water jacket if water-cooled or
cooling fins if air-cooled, and
usually in one piece with the
crankcase: Khoái xy lanh.
z cylinder block heater = electric
heater element in the water jacket
connected to the mains which
warms the coolant before the car is
used, ensuring better starting and
faster engine and heater warm-up:
Söï laøm noùng nöôùc laøm maùt baèng
ñieän trôû nhieät ñeå deã khôûi ñoäng
z cylinder charge n. quantity of
fresh mixture fed into the
combustion chamber prior to
combustion: Löôïng khí naïp.
z cylinder head n. casting on
earlier engines of cast iron and on
most modern engines of cat
aluminium, bolted on top of the
cylinder block, usually containing
part of the combustion chamber(s)
with the valves and the sparking
plugs: Naép quy laùt (naép maùy)
85
cylinder wall
z cylinder head bolt or nut = bolt
or nut holding the cylinder head
down: Bu loâng vaø ñai oác naép quy
laùt.
z cylinder head gasket = gasket
locatted between the cylinder
block and cylinder head to seal the
combustion chamber and to
prevent compression and coolant
leaks, usually more than one
material: Roong naép maùy, roong
quy laùt
cylinder head tester n. device used to
detect cylinder head leakages
which cause combustion gases to
appear in the cooling system:
Duïng cuï kieåm tra hieän töôïng
thoåi roong
cylinder hone n. special tool for
use with an electric drill or air
tools to hone and polish engine,
clutch or brake cylinders, with a
number of hone stones that adjust
to different cylinder bore
diameters by spring tension: Duïng
cuï xoaùy vaø ñaùnh boùng xy lanh.
z cylinder liner n. hard metal
insert in the cylinder block
forming the cylinder wall, and in
which the pistons run: Sômi, oáng
loùt.
(NOTE: also called cylinder
sleeve )
z cylinder wall n. internal face of
the cylinder or bore: Thaønh xy
lanh
D dBA
Dd
D (a) = DIESEL: Ñoäng cô Diesel.
(b) = DRIVE: Tay soá D.
(c) = mark on the output (live)
terminal on a dynamo: Kyù hieäu
cöïc ra maùy phaùt.
damp v. to reduce the oscillations of (a
spring, carburetor piston, etc.) or
the vibration in (a crankshaft, etc.):
Laøm giaûm dao ñoäng, laøm giaûm
rung
z damper n. any device which
reduces oscillations (either
mechanical or electrical) or
vibration, such as a shock absorber
in the suspension, or a vibration
damper on the crankshaft: Boä
giaûm rung, giaûm dao ñoäng (caû cô
vaø ñieän)
z damper piston = piston in a
cylinder whose movement is
restricted by a liquid or gas, which
thus also restricts the movement of
another member to which it is
connected: Piston boä giaûm xoùc.
z damper springs = springs in a
clutch plate providing a cushion
against sudden loads due to abrupt
engagement: Loø xo giaûm chaán (ly
hôïp)
z damper strut = suspension strut
whose hub carries is attached to
the spring element rather than to
the damper tube: Thanh choáng boä
giaûm chaán (heä thoáng treo)
z damping force or rate n.
amount of damping applied by a
shock absorber: Löïc taét daàn cuûa
boä giaûm chaán
dash (board) n. = INSTRUMENT
PANEL: Baûng ñoàng hoà tröôùc maët
86
taøi xeá, baûng ñieàu khieån
z dashboard gear change n. gear
change layout with the gear lever
mounted in and protruding from
the dashboard: Hoäp ñieàu khieån
sang soá.
z dashboard plaque n. metal
plate, typically made of brass or
chromium-plated steel, awarded
for attendance or winning a prize
at a rally or other event, or with
the supplier’s name and address:
Baûng danh döï (cho ngöôøi thaéng
cuoäc ñua xe)
z dash panel n. (a) structural
panel with bracings across the
width of the car on the inside of
the bulkhead below the
windscreen that provides the
mounting locations of the
dashboard: Khung tröôùc voâ laêng
ñeå gaén caùc ñoàng hoà vaø caùc boä
phaän ñieàu khieån.
(b) US = BULKHEAD: Taám ngaên
buøn, taám chaén.
dashpot n. small housing for a damper
piston moving in oil, such as that of
an SU carburetor: Boä giaûm chaán
nhoû (gaù laép treân boä cheá hoøa khí,
coù taùc duïng laøm caàn ga giaûm töø
töø)
dazzle n. glare from the headlights of
on coming traffic which can
momentarily blind a driver: Söï
choùi maét (töø ñeøn pha cuûa xe chaïy
ngöôïc chieàu)
dBA n. measurement of the level of
sound pressure with reference to a
particular circuit on a sound-level
meter which reacts in a similar
DC
way to the ear: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng
ñoä aâm thanh.
DC = DIRECT CURRENT: Doøng
ñieän moät chieàu
z DC generator n. US =
DYNAMO: Maùy phaùt ñieän moät
chieàu
DC rim n. = DROP-CENTRE RIM:
Raõnh loõm treân nieàng xe.
dead battery n. (informal) = FLAT
BATTERY: AÉc quy cheát, aéc quy
heát ñieän.
z dead axle n. axle that supports
weight and attached parts, but does
not deliver power to a wheel or
other rotating member: Truïc, caàu
coá ñònh
z dead centre n. position of the
piston either at the top or the
bottom of its stroke: Ñieåm cheát
(piston)
z dead pedal n. footrest to the
left of the clutch on some vehicles:
Baøn ñeå chaân
z dead space n. space below the
piston available for pre-
compression of the incoming fresh
charge of the two-stroke engine:
Khoaûng troáng döôùi piston trong
ñoäng cô 2 kyø
dealer n. person whose business is
buying and selling cars: Ñaïi lyù
mua baùn xe.
death rattle n. (informal) noise from
an engine which indicates that it is
likely to break down at any
moment: Tieáng khöïng cuûa ñoäng
cô (chuaån bò cheát maùy)
debugging n. eradicating faults in a
system: Söï söûa chöõa loãi.
deburr v. to remove burrs from a
metal surface: Maøi nhaün (beà maët
87
decompressor
kim loaïi)
z deburring n. removing burrs
from a metal surface: Söï maøi
nhaün.
decal n. type of transfer bearing a
model name or logo or other
wording: Nhaõn, maùc, tem (xe).
decarbonize v. to remove carbon
deposit from the piston top and
combustion chambers of an
engine: Khöû carbon, laøm saïch
muoäi than (piston, buoàng ñoát)
decelerate v. to slow down by taking
one’s foot off the throttle: Giaûm
toác ñoä
(NOTE: opposite is accelerate)
z deceleration n. slowing down:
Söï giaûm toác ñoä
z deceleration fuel cut-off = in
an electrically controlled
carburetion or fuel injection
system, cutting off the fuel supply
when the engine is at operation,
the throttle is closed, and engine
speed is above tick-over: Cheá ñoä
caét nhieân lieäu khi giaûm toác
deck n. (a) floor of a commercial
vehicle, especially a bus: Taàng
noùc, taàng treân.
(b) in an engine, top face of the
cylinder block on which the
cylinder head rests: Beà maët khoái
xy lanh (tieáp xuùc vôùi naép maùy)
z deck panel n. = REAR DECK
PANEL: Taám ngaên phía sau.
declutch v. to disengage the clutch:
Nhaû ly hôïp
decoke v. = DECARBONIZE: Khöû
carbon, laøm saïch muoäi than.
decompressor n. valve, often
manually operated and mostly on
old or diesel engines, which
dedicated
releases compression in a cylinder
by allowing air to escape in order
to facilitate manual starting (or
kick-starting of a motorcycle): Van
xaû khi khôûi ñoäng tay (ñoäng cô cuõ)
dedicated a. designed for a
specific use or for a specific
vehicle:Chuyeân duïng.
De Dion axle n. rear-wheel drive
layout with virtually semi-
independent suspension, having a
solid tubular cross member
attached to both wheel carriers and
a single pivot point forward of the
axle, the differential being
attached to the chassis and thus
part of the sprung mass of the
vehicle: Caàu xe kieåu De Dion.
defect n. fault in a system or flaw in
materials or a finish: Khuyeát taät,
choã sai
z defective a. faulty or flawed:
Coù thieáu soùt, coù khuyeát taät
defensive driving n. taking into
account the likelihood of mistakes
that could be made by other
drivers and driving accordingly:
Caån troïng vôùi loãi cuûa caùc taøi xeá
khaùc
deflated a. (of a tyre) having lost all its
air; containing no air: Xì hôi, noå
loáp.
z deflation n. loss of air from a
tyre: Söï noå loáp, söï xì loáp.
deflection n. movement of a member,
especially part of the suspension,
when subjected to a load: Ñoä
voõng, söï voõng xuoáng (heä thoáng
treo)
z deflector n. special piston
profile used to achieve cross
scavenging in earlier two-stroke
88
dehumidifier
engines: Keát caáu ñaëc bieät cuûa
piston ñoäng cô 2 kyø ñeå queùt khí.
z deflector piston = now obsolete
piston design, featuring a profiled
crown intended to help direct the
incoming fresh mixture upwards to
expel the burnt exhaust gas from
the cylinder: Píttoâng ñaàu coù phaàn
daãn höôùng doøng khí queùt.
defogger n. US = DEMISTER: Boä
phaän laøm tan baêng, boä xoâng
kính.
deformation n. alteration of shape or
dimensions of a body caused by
stresses, expansion or contraction
due to temperature or moisture
change, or chemical or
metallurgical change: Söï bieán
daïng.
z deformation zone = CRUMPLE
ZONE: Vuøng bieán daïng.
defroster n. US = DEMISTER: Boä
phaän laøm tan baêng, boä xoâng
kính.
degradation n. deterioration in the
condition of a material: Söï thoaùi
hoùa vaät lieäu
degrease v. to remove the oil and
grease from the surface (of a part):
Taåy nhôøn (daàu, nhôùt)
z degreasing n. removal of grease
or oil from surfaces : Söï taåy nhôøn.
z degreasing agent = usually a
solvent, but can also be an alkaline
solution or steam, used for
removing oil and grease: Chaát taåy
nhôøn.
dehumidifier n. device which absorbs
moisture from the air, e.g. in a
garage or in an air-conditioning
system: Maùy huùt hôi aåm, laøm khoâ
(khoâng khí); giaûm ñoä aåm
de-ice
de-ice v. to remove ice from the from
of an windscreen or rear window:
Laøm tan baêng.
de-icer n. liquid usually in the form of
an aerosol spray for removing ice
from wind-screens and windows:
Dung dòch choáng ñoùng baêng,
dung dòch laøm tan baêng.
de-ionized water n.water from which
impurities have been removed by
a special process, for topping up
batteries: Nöôùc caát.
delay valve n. valve used in vacuum
or hydraulic systems whose closing
or opening action is delayed, e.g.
delaying vacuum signals by about
10-30 seconds in the lines
connected to the distributor
vacuum advance: Van trì hoaõn,
van laøm treã.
deliver v. (a) (of a pump, etc.) to
pump or discharge (a liquid): Bôm
hoaëc ñaåy chaát loûng
(b) to drive (a new car) from the
factory to the distributor or dealer:
Giao xe cho ñaïi lyù
z delivery n. (a) discharging of a
liquid from a pump, etc.: Ñaåy chaát
loûng baèng bôm
(b) driving a new car from the
factory to the distributor or dealer:
Söï phaân phoái xe ñeán ngöôøi baùn.
z delivery pipe/ side = outlet
pipe/ side: OÁng phaân phoái.
z delivery valve = valve on the
outlet side of a pump: Van ôû ñaàu
ra cuûa bôm
z delivery mileage only = has
only been driven from the factory
to the dealer who is selling the car:
Chæ chaïy töø nhaø maùy laép raùp ñeán
ñaïi lyù
89
dent
delta configuration n. triangular
connection of the three stator
windings of an alternator: Ñaáu daây
kieåu tam giaùc (maùy phaùt)
de luxe (DL) a.better in its quality or
level of equipment than the basic
version: Haïng sang, sang troïng.
demist v. to clear the windscreen or
rear window when they have
misted up (or when ice has formed
on the outside) (it takes longer to
clear fronts or ice on the outside
than internal condensation): Gaït
söông.
z demister n. device or system for
clearing a windscreen or rear
window which is misted up or
covered in ice: Heä thoáng xoâng
kính, gaït söông.
(NOTE: US English is defogger,
defroster)
demonstrator n. car used by a dealer
for test drives and sold at a
reduced price after a year or less
of use: Xe ñeå khaùch haøng chaïy
thöû vaø baùn haï giaù sau ñoù
z ex-demonstrator for sale = car
for sale which has been used as a
demonstrator: Xe ñeå khaùch haøng
chaïy thöû ñöôïc ñem baùn
demountable rim = DETACHABLE
RIM: Nieàng xe rôøi.
Denovo tyre n. special tyre (fitted to a
special rim) which used to be
made by Dunlop, and which can be
run flat for up to 100 miles at up to
50 mph Denovo: Loáp xe Denovo.
density n. compactness of a substance,
expressed as the quotient of its
mass and its volume, or mass per
unit volume: Tyû troïng
dent 1 n. hollow or dip, e.g. in part
dent puller
of the body, caused by a sharp
blow or impact: Veát loõm, veát
thuïn.
z to hammer out a dent = to
hammer a panel from behind
where it has been dented so that
the metal surface regains its
correct shape: Goø cho baèng laïi.
2 v. to cause a dent in (a body
panel, etc.): Laøm thuïn vaøo, laøm
loõm vaøo.
z dent puller n. tool with a
powerful suction cup to pull dented
doors, wings, bonnets, etc. back
into shape: Maùy keùo choã thuïn
(thaân xe)
deposit 1 n. (a) coating of material,
especially unwanted, or layer or
sediment at the bottom of a tank:
Chaát baùm, muoäi than.
(b) sum of money paid in advance
as part payment: Tieàn ñaët coïc.
2 v. to apply (a coating of metal,
etc.): Pheát vaøo, taùc ñoäng vaøo, aùp
duïng, öùng duïng.
z zinc is deposited
electrolytically = a layer of zinc is
applied by electrolysis: Keõm
ñöôïc phuû baèng ñieän phaân
depreciation n. loss of value due to
age or deterioration: Söï giaûm giaù,
söï suït giaù do cuõ hoaëc hö.
depression n. restricted airflow
causing low pressure and a partial
vacuum: doøng khí naïp vaøo ít
depth gauge n. measuring tool for
depth measurements: Thöôùc ño
chieàu saâu.
z depth micrometer n.
micrometer used for precise
measuring of hole depths,
recesses, keyways, and other
90
detachable rim
depth measurements: Vi keá ño
chieàu saâu.
z depth of thread n. distance
from thread crest to root, measured
perpendicular to the axis of the
thread: Chieàu saâu ren.
derust v. to remove the rust from
(metal parts): Caïo ræ seùt.
derv n. diesel oil when used as a
fuel for road vehicles: Nhieân lieäu
duøng cho ñoäng cô Diesel.
(NOTE: stands for diesel-engine
road vehicle)
descaling n. removal of scale or
metallic oxide from metallic
surfaces by pickling: Söï caïo saïch
lôùp oxít baèng caùch goõ
design 1 n. arrangement of parts;
form of construction: Caùch saép
xeáp, caùch trình baøy, söï saùng taïo,
söï thieát keá.
2 v. to arrange the parts or
construction of (a car, an engine,
etc.): Thieát keá.
z design engineer = designer
responsible for mechanical parts:
Ngöôøi thieát keá chi tieát cô khí
z design feature = particularly
good or unusual aspect of a
vehicle, etc.: Ñaëc ñieåm thieát keá.
z designer n. person responsible
for the concept of a new car, etc.:
Ngöôøi thieát keá, veõ kieåu xe môùi.
desmodromic a. (of valves, valve
operation) closed as well as
opened by mechanical means:
ñoùng môû baèng cô khí.
desorption n. removing adsorbed
material: Söï taùch ra.
(NOTE: the opposite of
adsorption)
detachable rim n. rim which is bolted
detergent
to the wheel spider and can be
removed to facilitate tyre
changing, now mainly seen on
lorries: Vaønh baùnh xe (nieàng) coù
theå thaùo rôøi.
detergent n. additive used in oil or
petrol which either removes
deposits or holds the contaminating
materials in suspension (which
prevents them coating sensitive
surfaces such as pistons): Chaát
phuï gia ñöôïc cho vaøo xaêng daàu
ñeå taåy caùc lôùp baùm
detonation n. condition in the
combustion chambers that gives
rise to knocking or pinking, which
occurs when fuel is ignitedtoo
early and/ or spontaneously, due to
excessive ignition advance or low
octane fuel; this results in colliding
flame fronts and shock waves
which can in turn cause over-
heating and mechanical stress: Söï
kích noå
z detonation sensor = sensor
mounted near the cylinder bores in
the cylinder block, used to detect
engine knocking and to retard the
ignition correspondingly in order to
prevent engine damage: Caûm
bieán kích noå
detoxed vehicle n. = CONTROLLED
VEHICLE: Xe ñöôïc ñieàu khieån.
detuned a. (of an engine) intentionally
adjusted so as to reduce power,
either for economy or for greater
flexibility: Coá tình chænh giaûm
coâng suaát ñeå tieát kieäm xaêng
z a detuned road-going version =
a version of a car used for racing
which has less power and is
suitable for road use: Xe ñua ñöôïc
91
dial diagonal belt
chænh laïi ñeå chaïy ñöôøng tröôøng
dewax v. to remove the wax from
(bodywork): Ñaùnh saïch lôùp saùp
(sôn)
dew point n. temperature at which
vapour begins to condense: Ñieåm
ngöng tuï, nhieät ñoä ngöng tuï
DFC = DIGITAL FREQUENCY
CONTROL
diagnostic centre n. part of a garage
or workshop where diagnostic
testing is under-taken: Phoøng
chaån ñoaùn hö hoûng.
z diagnostic computer =
computer used for diagnostic
testing: Maùy chaån ñoaùn hö hoûng.
z diagnostic link = connection
between the diagnostic socket on
the vehicle and an
engine
analyzer: Giaéc chaån ñoaùn.
z diagnostic socket = socket on
the vehicle connected to a
diagnostic system to which an
engine analyzer can be attached:
Giaéc (loã) ñeå noái maùy chaån ñoaùn.
z diagnostic system = system of
electronic devices on the vehicle
which alert the driver when a fault
occurs, and to which an engine
analyzer can be connected: Heä
thoáng chaån ñoaùn.
z diagnostic testing = testing of a
vehicle system such as the
electrical system or fuel injection
to detect faults, usually by means
of a computerized engine
analyzer: Söï kieåm tra baèng maùy
chaån ñoaùn.
diagonal belt n. = SHOULDER
BELT: Ñai cheùo (ñai an toaøn)
z diagonal split braking (system)
dial
n. dual-circuit braking system in
which each circuit brakes one front
wheel and the diagonally opposite
rear wheel, so that in case of
failure of one circuit reasonably
balanced braking can be achieved:
Heä thoáng phanh daïng maïch
cheùo.
dial n. usually circuit face of a
measuring instrument such as a
gauge or speedometer: Maët ñoàng
hoà.
z dial caliper n. slide-type caliper
with dial-type indicator: Thöôùc
keïp coù ñoàng hoà
z dial gauge n. precision
measuring tool for taking
measurements in hundredths of a
millimetre or thousandths of an
inch, having a plunger or contact
arm and a dial face with needle to
register measurement, and used,
for example, to measure taper in
engine cylinders, run out of gears,
or the trueness of a shaft: So keá.
z dial torque wrench n. torque
wrench which measures torque
applied while the nut or bolt is
being tightened and indicates the
value on a calibrated dial: Caàn
sieát löïc coù ñoàng hoà hieån thò löïc
sieát
diameter n. length of a straight line
through the centre of a circular
object connecting two directly
opposite points on its
circumference: Ñöôøng kính
diaphragm n. thin, flexible membrane
displaced under pressure, e.g. in
vacuum units, often connected to
a rod or other member to transmit
movement: Maøng (bôm, boä sôùm
92
die-cast
chaân khoâng)
z diaphragm clutch n. =
DIAPHRAGM SPRING CLUTCH:
Boä ly hôïp coù loø xo maøng
z diaphragm link n. arm
connecting the diaphragm and the
distributor base plate in a vacuum
advance mechanism: Thanh noái
cuûa maøng (sôùm chaân khoâng)
z diaphragm pump n. glandless
reciprocating pump which a
flexible diaphragm is moved
backwards and forwards by a
solenoid or mechanically, used
typically as a fuel as a fuel pump
on an engine: Bôm maøng
z diaphragm spring n. large
metal disc with spring fingers
formed by cutting internal radial
slots, used in clutches: Loø xo daïng
laù (ly hôïp)
z diaphragm spring clutch =
most common type of clutch used
in modern vehicles with manual
transmission, in which a diaphragm
spring keeps the pressure plate in
contact with the frictions plate: Boä
ly hôïp coù loø xo laù (daïng maët trôøi)
dickey (seat) n. extra folding seat in
the back of a two-seater, common
in the 1920s: Gheá phuï phía sau.
(NOTE: US English is rumble
seat)
die n. (a) tool for cutting shapes in
metal, especially outside threads
on pieces of round bar or similar:
Duïng cuï caét ren ngoaøi
(b) metal mould for casting:
Khuoân ñuùc
z die-cast = manufactured by
forcing molten metal (e.g.
aluminium) into a die: Ñuùc
dielectric
dielectric n. material which is an
electrical insulator or in which an
electric field can be sustained with
a minimum loss of power: Chaát
ñieän moâi, chaát khoâng daãn ñieän
diesel 1 n. (a) = DIESEL ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô Diesel
(b) diesel-engine car = DIESEL
FUEL: Xe duøng ñoäng cô
Diesel
2 v. = RUN ON: Ñoäng cô vaãn noå
sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy
diesel cycle n. usually four-stroke
cycle according to which a diesel
engine operates, in which air is
sucked into the cylinder and
compressed at a ratio of up to
24:1: Chu kyø ñoäng cô Diesel
diesel engine n. compression ignition
engine named after its German
inventor Rudolf Diesel (1858 –
1913), operating on the diesel
cycle and burning diesel fuel
rather than petrol: Ñoäng cô Diesel
diesel fuel n. light oil fuel with a
relatively low ignition
temperature: Nhieân lieäu Diesel
z dieseling n. = RUNNING-ON
z diesel knock n. noise caused by
the rapid rise in pressure in a
diesel engine, especially at low
speeds and when cold: Tieáng goõ
cuûa ñoäng cô Diesel.
z diesel oil n. = DIESEL FUEL:
Daàu cho ñoäng cô Diesel
z diesel particulate filter n.
filter removing particulates from a
diesel exhaust, similar in
appearance to a honeycomb-type
catalytic
converter, but unlike the catalytic
converter without any catalytic
93
diffusing lens
function, acting simply as a
mechanical separator: Boä loïc
muoäi than trong khí thaûi ñoäng cô
diesel.
z diesel rattle n. = DIESEL
KNOCK: Tieáng goõ cuûa ñoäng cô
Diesel.
die stock n. tool used to hold and
operate dies when cutting outside
threads: Baøn ren.
differential or (informal) diff n. gear
assembly between two drive shafts
that permits one shaft to turn at a
different speed from the other,
while transmitting power: Boä vi
sai.
z differential cage or carrier =
rotating metal frame that encloses
the differential side gears and
pinion gears inside the axle casing:
Hoäp vi sai
z differential casing or housing =
casing for a differential, often
forming part of the axle casing of a
live beam axle: Voû ngoaøi boä vi sai
vaø baùnh raêng chuû ñoäng
z differential lock = mechanism
which eliminates the action of the
differential, so that both wheels
can be driven for better adhesion
on slippery surfaces: Khoùa boä vi
sai
z differential pinion = bevel
pinion in the differential: Baùnh
raêng nhoû boä vi sai
z differential side gear = bevel
gear on either side of the
differential into the centre of
which the axle shaft fits: Baùnh
raêng coân truïc caàu xe
diffusing lens n. lens in a headlamp
glass to help focus the beam: Thaáu
digital caliper
kính hoäi tuï aùnh saùng.
digital caliper n. slide-type caliper
with digital read out: Thöôùc keïp
hieän soá
z digital frequency control
(DFC) n. system which
automatically stabilizes and/ or
tunes the frequency of a selected
radio station: Heä thoáng doø ñaøi töï
ñoäng (radio)
z digital speedometer n.
speedometer which only has a
digital display of the current
speed, with no dial: Ñoàng hoà toác
ñoä hieän soá.
dimmer (control) n. device giving
gradual fading of brightness, e.g.
for the instrument panel
illumination: Cô caáu chænh ñoä
saùng cuûa ñeøn (tableau)
z dimmer (switch) n. US = DIP-
SWITCH: Coâng taéc pha - coát.
DIN (short for) German Industrial
Norm: German Industrial
Standard(s): Tieâu chuaån coâng
nghieäp Ñöùc.
z DIN bhp = officially obsolete
unit of measurement for engine
power, but still frequent in
everyday usage, the measurement
method being comparable to SAE
net bhp: Coâng suaát ñoäng cô theo
tieâu chuaån coâng nghieäp Ñöùc.
dinging n. (principally US)
straightening a damaged panel
using hammer and dolly to bring it
back into shape, after initial
roughing out: Söï goø, naén laïi.
diode n. solid-state electronic device
that allows the passage of an
electric circuit in one direction
only, used in alternators to change
94
dipstick
alternating current to direct current
for charging the battery: Ñioát.
dip v. to switch (headlights) to the
lower beam: baät sang ñeøn coát.
z dipped beam n. lower beam
directed at the road closer to the
front of the vehicle than the main
beam in order not to dazzle drivers
of oncoming vehicles, and also to
the near side to illuminate the side
of the road; achieved by switching
to a second filament in the
headlight bulb which is closer to
the upper half of the reflector: ñeøn
coát.
(NOTE: US English is low beam)
z dipper (switch) n. = DIP-
SWITCH: Coâng taéc ñeøn coát.
z dipping mirror n. mirror
reducing annoying dazzle from the
headlights of following vehicles
which consists typically of two
glass panes, one a mirror and one
clear, the clear glass being tilted
by moving a small control under
the mirror which then deflects the
headlight glare downwards:
Göông giaûm choùi (töø ñeøn xe chaïy
sau)
z dipswitch n. switch usually
incorporated in the control stalk
but sometimes foot-operated,
which changes the headlights from
main to dipped beam (and vice
versa): Coâng taéc chuyeån ñoåi pha
- coát
(NOTE: US English is dimmer
switch)
dipstick n. metal rod which when
pushed home on its seating enters
the oil with its bottom end, so that
when withdrawn it indicates the
dipstick tube
level of the oil: Caây ño möïc daàu
boâi trôn
z dipstick tube = tube on the
engine block or gearbox which
holds the dipstick: OÁng giöõ que ño
möïc daàu.
direct-acting shock absorber =
TELESCOPIC SHOCK
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm chaán kieåu
oáng loàng
z direct current (DC) n. electric
current flowing in one direction
only: Doøng ñieän moät chieàu
(NOTE: opposite is alternating
current)
z direct damage n. damage
caused directly by the impact of an
obstacle, i.e. more or less the
damage in the actual impact area:
Söï hö hoûng khi ñuïng tröïc tieáp
vaøo chöôùng ngaïi vaät
(NOTE: opposite is indirect
damage)
z direct drive n. transmission
mode in which engine, gearbox
and propeller shaft rotate at the
same speed, bypassing the
reducing stages of the gearbox: Söï
truyeàn ñoäng tröïc tieáp (ñoäng cô
vaø truïc hoäp soá cuøng toác ñoä)
z direct ignition (system) (DIS)
n. = DISTRIBUTOR LESS
IGNITION (SYSTEM): (Heä
thoáng) ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
z direct injection n. fuel injection
directly into the combustion
chamber, especially in diesel
engines, and requiring very high
injection system pressure to
overcome the pressure inside the
combustion chamber at the time of
injection: Söï phun nhieân lieäu tröïc
95
disc brake
tieáp
directional stability n. vehicle’s
ability to continue moving in a
straight line with a minimum of
steering control, even under
adverse conditions such as
crosswinds: Söï oån ñònh höôùng di
chuyeån.
z directional tread pattern n.
tyre tread pattern designed to
rotate in one direction only: Hoa
gai (voû xe) theo moät höôùng
direction indicator n. winking signal
light on either side of the vehicle
at front and rear used to indicate
that the driver is about to turn right
or left: Ñeøn baùo tín hieäu höôùng
queïo, ñeøn baùo reõ
z direction indicator warning
light = light on the instrument
panel which flashes when the
indicators are being operated;
usually in the shape of a green
arrow: Ñeøn baùo reõ baûng tableau.
z direction of rotation n.
direction in which a wheel, shaft or
similar turns: Chieàu quay.
z direction of travel n. direction
in which a vehicle is traveling:
Höôùng ñi (cuûa xe)
disabled a. (a) (of vehicle) unable to
be driven due to a breakdown or
accident damage: Khoâng hoaït
ñoäng ñöôïc (vì hö)
(b) (of driver) lacking the use of a
limb: Söï thuï ñoäng (cuûa taøi xeá)
z disassemble v. = DISMANTLE:
Thaùo rôøi.
disc n. flat circular plate as used for
instance in disc brakes and some
clutches: Maâm, ñóa.
z disc brake n. brake in which
four-wheel disc brakes
brake pads, in a vice-like caliper
which is either mounted on the hub
in order to slow it down or to stop
it: Phanh ñóa
z four-wheel disc brakes = disc
brakes fitted to both front and rear
wheels: Phanh ñóa boán baùnh.
z disc brake gauge = tool for
measuring thickness, wear, and
score depth on brake discs: Duïng
cuï ñoä moøn ñóa phanh.
z US disc brake rotor = BRAKE
DISC: Ñóa phanh.
discharge 1 v. (a) to lose or give out
electric current, as from a battery:
Phoùng ñieän
(b) to pour out (a liquid) as from a
pump: Ñaåy ra.
2 n. giving out of electric current
or pouring out of liquid: Söï phoùng
ñieän, söï chaûy ra.
z discharged battery = flat
battery: AÉc quy bò phoùng ñieän.
z discharge indicator n. =
BATTERY DISCHARGE
INDICATOR: Ñeøn baùo saïc.
z discharge pipe n. outlet pipe of
a pump: Ñöôøng oáng ra
z discharge pressure n.
pressure exerted in a liquid
pumped, expressed in psi: Aùp suaát
ra (bôm)
z discharge rate n. amount of
current discharged, expressed in
amps: Toác ñoä phoùng ñieän.
z discharge side n. = OUTLET
SIDE: Beân xaû.
z discharge valve n. valve on
the outlet side of a reciprocating
pump: Van xaû, van ra (bôm
piston)
(NOTE: opposite is suction valve)
96
disengage
z discharging current n. current
supplied by a storage cell or
battery, whose direction is
opposite to that of the charging
current: Doøng ñieän phoùng.
discolour v. to alter the colour of (a
finish, metal, etc.) to a colour
which is not wanted: Laøm leäch
maøu (sôn).
disconnect v. to remove the
connection to (a mechanical or
electrical device): Caét rôøi, ngaét
ra.
z disconnect the battery =
remove the battery terminals:
Thaùo coïc aéc quy.
disc sander n. round, rubber disc
powered by an electric drill and
covered with abrasive paper for
rough sanding work: Ñóa maøi.
z disc valve n. type of rotary
valve that allows the passage of
fluid through an arc-shaped slot:
Van daïng ñóa.
z disc wheel n. simple, most
common form of wheel on
passenger cars and light
commercial vehicles, consisting of
a pressed steel disc the centre of
which is bolted to the hub, and
which has fixed to its periphery,
the rim serving as a seat for the
tyre: Maâm baùnh xe.
disengage v. to move (a gear, dog
clutch, etc.) so that it is no longer
in mesh with another matching
part: Taùch ra, taùch ly hôïp
z to disengage the clutch = to let
out the clutch by pressing on the
clutch pedal, so that there is no
connection between the engine
and the gearbox: Caét ly hôïp.
dished
dished a. offset so that the centre (of a
wheel or similar) is not in line with
the rim, but recessed: Loõm loøng
maâm baùnh xe
disk n. = DISC
dismantle v. to take (a car, engine,
etc.) to pieces: Thaùo rôøi caùc boä
phaän (xe, ñoäng cô).
displacement n. term used particularly
in America for cubic capacity:
Dung tích xylanh
z displacement volume = SWEPT
VOLUME: Theå tích xylanh.
distance piece n. part such as a collar
placed between two parts to keep
them the correct distance apart:
OÁng keïp ñònh vò
distilled water n. especially pure
water that has been freed of
dissolved or suspended solids and
organisms by distillation, used, for
example, to top up batteries: Nöôùc
caát.
distortion n. bending and twisting out
of shape: Söï meùo moù
distributor n. assembly which
distributes the ignition voltage
generated in the ignition coil to the
sparking plugs in the firing order
of the engine: Boä chia ñieän
(Delco)
z distributor baseplate = fixed
plate in the body of the distributor
on which the contact breaker or
triggering device is mounted, and
through the centre of which the
distributor shaft passes: Maâm vít
löûa.
z distributor body = bowl-like
part containing the distributor shaft
with the rotor arm at its top end,
and, in the conventional version,
97
dished
the centrifugal advance
mechanism and the contact
breaker: Thaân boä chia ñieän.
z distributor cam = cam at the
top of the distributor shaft with as
many lobes as there are cylinders,
acting on the heel of the contact
breaker arm: Cam ñoäi vít löûa
z distributor cap = removable
cover of the distributor, having a
high-voltage centre tower for the
lead from the coil, and as many
regularly spaced outer towers as
there are cylinders, each of these
corresponding to a contact on the
inside of the cap and receiving the
HT lead for one of the sparking
plugs on the outside: Naép boä chia
ñieän (naép Delco)
z distributor clamp = clamp
which holds the distributor in
position, and which can be
loosened in order to turn the
distributor relative to its shaft to
adjust the ignition timing: Keïp giöõ
(chaân) boä chia ñieän.
z distributor rotor (arm) =
ROTOR ARM: Moû queït chia ñieän
(con quay)
z distributor shaft = drive shaft
to the distributor that rotates at haft
engine speed and has at its top end
the distributor cam and rotor arm:
Truïc boä chia ñieän (truïc Delco)
z distributor tower =
TERMINAL TOWER: Ñieän cöïc
trung taâm treân naép boä chia ñieän.
z distributor weight = one of the
weights used in a centrifugal
advance mechanism: Quaû ly taâm
(ñaùnh löûa sôùm)
z dished = wrench
distributorless ignition (system)
designed for loosening and
tightening the distributor clamp
bolts and/ or lock nuts, when
adjusting, removing or installing
distributors: Côø leâ duøng cho boä
chia ñieän (chænh löûa)
z distributorless ignition
(system) (DIS or DLI) n.
electronic ignition system without
a conventional rotating distributor,
using multi-spark ignition coils or
one ignition coil per sparking plug:
(Heä thoáng) ñaùnh löûa khoâng coù boä
chia ñieän
dive n. = BRAKE DIVE: Söï phanh
bò chuùi.
diversification n. varying and
extending a firm’s range of models
and products: Söï ña daïng hoùa (xe)
divert v. to make (air, a liquid, traffic,
etc.) follow a different course:
Laøm chuyeån höôùng (khoâng khí,
chaát loûng, xe coä)
z diversion n. alternative route
which traffic has to follow due to
closure of a stretch of road for
repairs, etc.: Söï chuyeån loä trình
khaùc vì söûa ñöôøng
divided propeller shaft or propshaft
n. propeller shaft, usually in long
chassis rear-wheel drive vehicles,
which is divided into two section
with a bearing and CV joint
mounted on a chassis cross
member at the central point: Truïc
phaân phoái.
divider n. measuring tool with two
straight pointed arms used to mark
off and transfer measurements,
e.g. on sheet metal or other metal
components: Duïng cuï ño söï leäch
höôùng.
98
domestic
DIY (short for) do-it-yourself: Töï
laøm, töï söûa chöõa.
z DIY mechanic = unqualified
person who does his own repairs
on his car: Ngöôøi söûa chöõa xe
mình
dlr (short for) dealer: Ñaïi lyù.
dog guard n. grid made of tubular bars
or wire mesh to keep a dog in the
luggage compartment of an estate
or hatchback: Boä giöõ ngaøm (coáp
xe)
z dogleg pillar n. = C-PILLAR:
Truï ñôõ khung cöõa sau.
z dogleg section = irregular
shaped part of the leading edge of
the rear quarter panel of a four-
door saloon along the wheel
cutout and up to the waistline:
Phaàn uoán khuùc.
DOHC or dohc = DOUBLE
OVERHEAD CAMSHAFTS: Hai
truïc cam treân naép maùy.
dolly n. (a) metalworking tool,
available in a variety of shapes
and sizes, comprising a curved
polished block of cast iron or
forged steel, used to assist in
forming three-dimensional shapes
and in straightening dented panels,
usually by holding the dolly behind
the metal to be shaped and
hammering the metal: Caùc ñe (ñeå
laøm ñoàng xe)
(b) trolley that supports the front
wheels when a disabled vehicle is
being towed: Khung ñôõ baùnh
tröôùc (khi keùo xe)
dome lamp n. US dome-shaped
interior light: Ñeøn mui xe
domestic a. (of product) made in the
country in question: Noäi ñòa (xe)
donor car
(NOTE: opposite is foreign)
donor car n. car from which parts
are used to repair another one of
the same type or to build a special
or kit car: Xe ñeå thaùo phuï tuøng
thay theá
door n. hinged panel or flap
allowing access or exit: Cöûa xe.
z five-door version = hatchback
version with two doors either side
and a rear tailgate: Kieåu xe 5 cöûa.
z door alignment n. accuracy of
fitting of the door in the door
aperture: Söï caân chænh cöûa.
z door aperture n. opening into
which the door fits: Khung cöûa.
z door beam n. = SIDE
IMPACT BAR: Thanh caûn phía
cöûa.
z door bottom n. lower door
area, both of the door skin and of
the door frame, also the narrow
horizontal lower panel of the door
frame that incorporates the drain
holes: Beä cöûa.
z door capping n. moulding
between the door trim panel and
the window glass: Roong cöûa.
z door check arm or strap n.
device which controls the full open
and holding positions of a door and
prevents it from being opened too
far: Baûng giaèng cöûa khoâng cho
môû lôùn
z door frame n. (a) bare
skeleton of the door to which the
door skin and door trim are fitted
(b) DOOR APERTURE: Khung
cöûa.
z door gap n. gap all round the
edge of the door: Khe hôû meùp
cöûa.
99
door pillar switch
z door glass n. glass pane filling
the top half of a door, which can be
lowered and raised: Kính cöûa.
z door handle n. interior or
exterior handle for opening a door:
Tay naém môû cöûa.
z door hinge n. part by which the
door is attached with a pivot to the
door pillar, and which allows it to
swing open or shut: Baûn leà cöûa.
z door hold-open spring n.
spring fitted to door hinges to
provide a spring load to keep the
door in an open position: Loø xo
giöõ cöûa môû.
z door latch n. part of the door
lock which contacts the striker
plate as the door is closed, and
springs back when the door is fully
shut to hold it in the closed
position: Choát cöûa.
z door lock n. mechanism for
opening and closing the door, with
a lockable cylinder for holding the
door closed until opened by a key:
Cô caáu khoùa cöûa.
z door lock de-icer = fluid,
usually in an aerosol, for melting
ice in a door lock: Chaát laøm tan
baêng loã khoùa cöûa.
z door mirror n. exterior, door-
mounted, rear-view mirror;
nowadays adjustable from inside
the car: Göông chieáu haäu treân
cöûa.
z door pillar or post n. one of
the vertical members of the body
shell ahead of and behind the
doors, which also support the roof
structure and reinforce the body as
a whole : Truï choáng cöûa.
z door pillar switch = small
door pocket
switch, typically in the lower
portion of the A-pillar, whose main
function is to switch on the
courtesy lighting when the door is
opened: Coâng taéc cöûa (ñeøn)
z door pocket n. container now
usually mounted on, rather than
in,the door trim, for maps, dusters,
cloths, etc.: Hoäc nhoû treân cöûa
(ñöïng baûn ñoà …)
z door protector n. strip of
rubber or plastic which fits over
the edge of the door to protect it
from damage when opened
carelessly: Ñeäm cao su baûo veä
cöûa.
z door seal n. weather-strip fitted
to the door surround to form a seal
when the door is closed: Ñeäm laøm
kín cöûa.
z door shut (face) n. edges of a
door which are not visible from the
outside or inside when the door is
shut: Caùi meùp cöûa.
z door sill n. = SILL: Ngöôõng
cöûa.
z door skin n. large sheet metal
panel of the door visible from the
outside: Taám cöûa (phaàn theùp)
z door speaker n. loudspeaker
for a car stereo mounted in the
door trim: Loa ñöôïc ñaët taïi cöûa.
z door stay n. device incorporated
in door hinges that keeps the door
in an open position and prevents it
from closing under its own weight:
Baûng giaèng cöûa giöõ cho cöûa môû.
z door step n. top part of the outer
sill, visible when the door is
opened: Baäc cöûa.
z door surround n. faces of the
door step, door pillars and roof
100
double-decker (bus)
section forming the door aperture:
Ñöôøng vieàn bao quanh cöûa.
z door trim (panel) n. panel
covered in vinyl or other material
and fitted to the inside of the door:
Taám boïc cöûa (beân trong)
z door well n. cavity enclosed by
the door frame, door skin and trim
panel, containing the window
winding mechanism and into which
the window glass is lowered: cöûa
xe.
DOT (short for) (a) GB Department
of Transport : Boä Giao thoâng
(b) US Department of
Transportation
z DOT 4 (brake fluid) = brake
fluid made to a particularly high
specification: daàu phanh
z DOT code = code on tyre
sidewalls made up of the letters
and numbers giving information on
the production date of a tyre: Maõ
ghi ngaøy saûn xuaát treân voû xe
double-acting n. (of a shock absorber
or pump) having a piston with
fluid on both sides so that in a
pump one piston end performs the
suction stroke while the other
discharges the liquid, and in a
shock absorber both upward and
downward movements are
damped: Taùc duïng keùp (bôm
hoaëc giaûm xoùc)
z double-barrel carburetor n. =
TWIN-CHOKE CARBURETOR:
Boä cheá hoøa khí hai hoïng khueách
taùn.
z double-decker (bus) n. bus with
two decks or storeys, used mainly
in large owns: Xe buyùt 2 taàng
hoaëc 2 khoang
double-declutch
z double-declutch or US double-
clutch v. to change gear using the
following technique: declutch,
move the gear lever into neutral,
let in the clutch, press the
accelerator (when changing down)
to raise the engine and gearbox
rpm to the level needed in the
lower gear, let out the clutch again
quickly and move the gear lever
into the lower gear (before the
gearbox shaft rpm drop too far);
when changing up there is no need
to depress the accelerator when in
neutral, but it is often necessary to
pause in order to let the gearbox
shaft speed drop to the right level:
Nhaû soá keùp.
z double-ended spanner n. open-
ended or ring spanner with jaws or
rings at both ends for two different
sizes of hexagon: Côø leâ 2 ñaàu.
z double filament bulb n. light
bulb with two filaments, either a
headlamp bulb with one for the
main beam and another above it
for the dipped beam, or a stop and
tail light bulb with one for the
brake light and one for the rear
light: Boùng ñeøn 2 tim.
z double helical gear n. gear with
two rows of inclined teeth, each
forming an open V or chevron:
Baùnh raêng coù raêng hình chöõ V.
(NOTE: also called herringbone
gear)
z double hexagon socket n. = 12-
POINT SOCKET: Ñai oác 12 caïnh.
z double overhead camshafts
(DOC, DOHC) n. two camshafts
mounted on the cylinder head, one
operating the inlet valves and one
101
doughnut coupling
the exhaust valves: Hai truïc cam
treân naép maùy.
(NOTE: also called twin overhead
camshafts)
z double overhead camshaft
engine = engine with two
overhead camshafts, a relatively
costly arrangement used on high
performance engines: Ñoäng cô hai
truïc cam treân naép maùy.
z double - pivot steering n.
steering in which the steered
wheels are pivoted on kingpins,
which is the usual arrangement on
motor vehicles: Heä thoáng laùi 2
baùnh
z double reduction gearing n.
gearing in which the ratio is
reduced in two stages, used
especially in heavy goods
vehicles: Boä baùnh raêng giaûm toác
keùp
z double roller chain n. =
DUPLEX CHAIN: Xích con laên
keùp.
z double-tube shock absorber n.
older design of hydraulic shock
absorber using two concentric
tubes, one serving as the working
cylinder, the other as the reservoir:
Boä giaûm chaán keùp.
z double wishbone suspension n.
form of independent suspension
most frequently used at the front of
a vehicle, with upper and lower
wishbones of equal length: Heä
thoáng treo caùnh tay ñoøn keùp.
doughnut coupling or joint n. flexible
coupling made of rubber and
shaped like a ring doughnut, used
for instance between the front of
the propeller shaft and the
dowel (pin)
gearbox: Khôùp noái meàm (coù
ñeämcao su)
dowel (pin) n. pin projecting from one
of two mating surfaces which fits
into a corresponding hole in the
other, to ensure correct location
during assembly: Choát ñònh vò;
then nhoû ñeå gaøi.
down draught carburetor n.
carburetor with a vertical barrel, at
the top of which is the air intake:
Boä cheá hoøa khí hoïng khueách taùn
ñöùng.
downflow radiator n. traditional type
of vertical radiator, with header
tank and bottom tank and a system
of small tubes and cooling fins in-
between, the hot water entering at
the top and exiting at the bottom:
Boä taûn nhieät vôùi nöôùc laøm maùt
töø treân xuoáng.
downforce n. downward pressure
provided, for example, by a
spoiler: Löïc höôùng xuoáng.
z down pipe n. front section of
the exhaust system connected to
the exhaust manifold: Coå oáng poâ.
z downshift n. US =
DOWNWARD CHANGE: Söï
xuoáng soá.
z down stroke n. downward
movement of the piston, either the
induction stroke or the power
stroke in the four-stroke cycle:
Haønh trình ñi xuoáng (piston)
z downward change n. gear
change into a lower gear: Söï
xuoáng soá.
(NOTE: US English is downshift)
D-pillar or D-post n. rearmost
vertical pillar in the body of an
estate car, on either side of the
102
draining tray
tailgate: Truï ñôõ khung cöûa phía
cöûa haäu.
drag 1 v. (of clutch) to fail to
disengage completely; (of brakes)
to fail to come off completely
when the brake pedal is released:
Tröôït (ly hôïp), troâi (phanh).
2 n. (a) = CLUTCH DRAG (b) =
BINDING (c) characteristic of a
car body, indicating the resistance
which the body offers to the air
stream: Söùc caûn (gioù)
drag link n. rod which connects the
drop arm or idler arm in a steering
system with the steering arm: Ñoøn
keùo doïc, thanh laùi.
drag racing n. form of acceleration
test in which two cars at a time
accelerate down a measured
quarter-mile strip: Cuoäc kieåm tra
khaû naêng taêng toác cuûa xe
drain 1 v. to empty (the sump,
radiator, etc.) of a liquid: Xaû,
thaùo.
2 n. passage or piece of tube
which takes water away from
places in the bodywork where it
tends to accumulate, such as the
edge of the sunroof: OÁng xaû nöôùc.
z drain cock n. = DRAIN TAP:
Voøi xaû bình chöùa nhieân lieäu,
maùng daàu, bình hôi, duøng xaû bôùt
chaát baån.
z drain hole n. hole drilled in the
bottom of a box section or a door,
to allow water that has
accumulated to escape so as to
prevent or delay rusting: Loã xaû
nöôùc.
z draining tray n. container used
to catch oil when draining the
sump, gearbox, etc.: Khay xaû daàu.
drain plug
z drain plug n. usually threaded
plug at the lowest point of the
sump, gearbox, cooling system,
etc., which is removed in order to
drain the oil or coolant, and
typically has a recessed hexagon
head: Nuùt xaû
z drain plug key or spanner or
wrench = tool for removing and
tightening drain plugs, e.g. on
gearboxes and engine sumps,
either as a multi-purpose tool with
a number of different drives in the
form of hexagonal or square
projections at the either end for
different drain plugs, or as a
special tool for one specific size of
drain plug: Chìa khoùa vaën nuùt xaû.
z drain tap n. tap on the cylinder
block or, on older cars, at the
bottom of the radiator for draining
the cooling system: Voøi xaû
draught n. unpleasant current of air
intruding into the interior of a car:
Söï thieáu gioù gaây ngoät ngaït trong
xe
drawbar n. two converging bars
forming a V- or an A-frame at the
front of a trailer or caravan, which
carry the coupling for attachment
to the towing vehicle: Thanh keùo
dress v. to give (a rough surface,
flanges, etc.) the right shape by
grinding or a similar process: Maøi
giuõa, maøi nhaün.
drier n. (a) = DEHUMIDIFIER (b) =
DRYING OVEN: Maùy saáy, maùy
laøm khoâ
drift n. (a) piece of bar or a punch
used with a hammer to drive
components in and out of place for
removal and installation: Caùi ñuïc
103
drive
z drift punch = tapered tool for
use with a hammer to remove and
install pins, shafts, rivets, etc.; also
used to align holes when inserting
screws and bolts: Caùi ñuïc, caùi ñoät.
(b) = FOUR-WHEEL DRIFT
drill 1 n. (a) usually power-driven
tool for making holes in metal,
wood, plastic, etc., with a chuck
that will accept bits of different
sizes: Maùy khoan
(b) = DRILL BIT: Muõi khoan.
2 to make (a hole) with a drill:
Khoan loã.
z drill bit n. piece of rod with
spiral recesses cut in it and a
hardened steel tip, made in
different sizes for drilling
different-sized holes, and inserted
in the chuck of a drill: Muõi khoan.
drip moulding n. moulding running
along either side of the roof,
functioning as a gutter to take
water to the front or rear of the
car, and prevent it from dripping
into the car when the door is
opened: Raõnh thoaùt nöôùc.
(NOTE: US English is drip rail)
drivability n. general operating
characteristics of a vehicle, usually
rated from good to poor, and of
concern to the average driver, such
as flexibility and smoothness,
acceleration, ease of starting and
quick warm-up, as well as handling
and comfort: Tính naêng vaän haønh
cuûa xe
z drivable a. (of a vehicle) in a
state in which it can be driven: coù
theå chaïy
z drive 1 v. (a) to travel in a car:
Chaïy xe
drive belt
(b) to control and guide (a
vehicle): Laùi xe
(c) to make (a wheel, shaft, etc.)
turn or rotate; to propel (a
vehicle): Laøm quay
(d) the position (D) on the gear
selector of an automatic gearbox
for the forward gears: Tay soá D.
2 n. (a) journey in a car: Söï laùi xe.
(b) means of transmitting power
or motion: Söï truyeàn ñoäng.
z a petrol-driven generator = a
generator for which the motive
force is a petrol engine: Maùy phaùt
ñieän keùo baèng ñoäng cô xaêng.
z drive belt n. belt passing round
two or more pulleys, transmitting
motion from one to the other(s):
ñai truyeàn ñoäng .
z drive chain n. chain passing
round two or more sprockets,
transmitting motion from one to
the other(s): Xích truyeàn ñoäng .
z drive end n. end of an
alternator, dynamo, etc., where the
pulley or gear accepting the drive
is situated: Ñaàu daãn ñoäng.
z drive end bracket = cover
housing the bearing at the drive
end of an alternator, dynamo, etc.:
Naép che phía daãn ñoäng cuûa maùy
phaùt
z drive gear n. gearwheel
transmitting the drive on a
component such as an oil pump:
Baùnh raêng daãn ñoäng, baùnh raêng
chuû ñoäng.
drive handle n. tool, typically in the
form of a bar, for turning sockets
to loosen and tighten nuts and
bolts, with a male square drive to
be inserted into the female square
104
drive pinion
drive of sockets for the turning
operation: Caàn sieát
drive layout n. configuration of
engine, gearbox and driven
axle(s): Phaàn ñoäng löïc cuûa xe
bao goàm: ñoäng cô, hoäp soá, laùp.
z driveline n. = DRIVE TRAIN:
Ñöôøng truyeàn löïc
z drive module n.
interchangeable unit providing
motive power, either in the form of
an electric motor and ancillaries,
or an internal combustion engine
with all necessary components, for
alternative use in the same vehicle
according to needs and conditions:
Module truyeàn ñoäng.
z drive motor n. electric motor
providing motive power in an
electric vehicle Ñoäng cô ñieän
trong xe ñieän
z driven a. made to rotate by the
engine or some other source of
motive power: Bò daãn, bò ñoäng.
z driven axle or wheels = axle or
wheels to which power is
transmitted to drive the vehicle:
Caàu xe hay baùnh xe bò ñoäng.
z driven plate = central clutch
plate carrying clutch linings and
held under pressure between the
flywheel and the pressure plate
when the clutch pedal is released,
and transmitting power to the
gearbox input shaft via splines:
Ñóa bò ñoäng (ly hôïp)
z drive pinion n. small bevel gear
on either side of the differential in
mesh with the two differential
pinions, and into the centre of
which one of the axle shafts fits:
Baùnh raêng nhoû daãn ñoäng (caàu)
drive plate
z drive plate n. light plate bolted
to the crankshaft to which the
torque converter is attached in a
vehicle with automatic
transmission: Ñóa gaén bieán moâ
z drive pulley n. pulley round
which a belt passes for transmitting
power: Puli daãn ñoäng
driver n. (a) person driving a vehicle:
Taøi xeá
(b) driver-type drive handle for
use with sockets: Caàn sieát
driver air bag n. original type of
air bag, designed to protect the
driver from being hurled into the
steering wheel and instrument
panel: Tuùi khí baûo veä taøi xeá.
Driver and Vehicle Licensing
Agency (DVLA) n. section of the
Department of Transport
responsible for keeping records of
all registered vehicles, and issuing
registrations and licenses for
vehicles as well as driving licenses
for drivers: Phoøng caáp baèng laùi
driver error n. mistake or mistakes
made by the driver, especially as
the cause of an accident: Loãi do
taøi xeá.
drive shaft n. (a) any shaft
transmitting power, especially the
jointed shaft between the
differential and the road wheel in
a de Dion or fully independent
rear suspension layout (b) US =
PROPELLER SHAFT: Truïc
chính, truïc chuû ñoäng
z drive sprocket n. sprocket
round which a chain passes for
transmitting power: Baùnh xích chuû
ñoäng
z drive tool n. any accessory for
105
driving license
use with a socket spanner,
including the drive handle: Caàn
sieát
z drive train n. combination of all
power-transmitting components
from the clutch via the gearbox
and propeller shaft, if any, to the
final drive and axle shafts: Toå hôïp
töø hoäp soá ñeán laùp
(NOTE: also called power train)
z driveway n. short drive, often
leading to a garage: Chaïy vaøo
nhaø ñeå xe
driving 1 a. providing motive power,
making a gear, shaft, etc. rotate:
Daãn ñoäng, truyeàn ñoäng
2 n. control of a moving vehicle:
Söï laùi xe.
z driving axle or wheels = axle or
wheels responsible for propelling
the vehicle (which are in fact the
same as the driven axle or
wheels): Truïc hay baùnh xe chuû
ñoäng
z driving gear = DRIVE GEAR:
Baùnh raêng daãn ñoäng.
z driving conditions n. situation
created by the amount of traffic,
the weather and state of the roads:
Ñieàu kieän laùi xe.
z driving habits n. personal
behaviour at the wheel, including
typical speeds under certain
circumstances, frequency, timing
and smoothness of gear charges,
use of the brakes and so on: Thoùi
quen laùi xe.
z driving license n. document
which allows the holder to drive a
certain type or types of vehicle,
and is the only document required
to be carried by the driver in
driving lamp
Britain: Baèng laùi xe.
z driving lamp = SPOT LAMP:
Ñeøn laùi.
z driving mirror n. rear-view
mirror either in the interior of the
car or mounted on the outside of
the front doors: Kính chieáu haäu
z driving position n. position in
which the driver sits at the steering
wheel, influenced by distance from
the controls, angle of the seat
back, etc.: Vò trí ngoài cuûa taøi xeá
z driving style n. manner in
which one handles a car: Caùch laùi
xe, kieåu laùi xe.
z a sporty driving style =
includes taking corners fast,
braking and accelerating hard,
using high revs in every gear and
changing down before corners:
Caùch laùi kieåu theå thao.
drop n. sudden reduction (of pressure,
voltage, etc.): Söï haï xuoáng ñoät
ngoät.
z drop arm n. usually vertical
arm fitted to the outer end of the
rocker shaft of a steering box,
whose bottom end is connected to
the drag link which it pulls back or
pushes forward when the steering
wheel is turned: Ñoøn quay (laùi)
(NOTE: US English is pitman
arm)
z drop-centre axle n. beam axle
in which the main central portion
of the beam is lower than the
wheel centres, which was the usual
layout for front axles until
independent front suspension
became almost universal: Truïc
(caàn) loõm
z drop-centre rim = WELL-
106
dry galvanizing
BASE RIM: Raõnh loõm nieàng xe.
z drophead 1 n. =
CONVERTIBLE: Xe mui xeáp.
2 a. having a folding hood which
can be raised or lowered over the
passenger compartment: Mui xeáp.
z drophead coupeù (dhc) =
elegant style of body mainly seen
on classic cars, with two wide
doors and a large hood with no
windows in the side and only a
small window at the rear: Xe hôi
hai cöûa mui xeáp.
z droptop n. (informal) =
CONVERTIBLE: Mui xeáp.
drum n. circular container, especially
a brake drum: Caùi troáng (phanh)
z drum brake = brake in which
curved brake shoes press against
the inner circumference of a metal
drum to produce the braking
action: Phanh troáng
dry 1 v. to lose or make lose its
wetness: Saáy, laøm khoâ.
2 a. not wet (of bearing, etc.)
lacking lubricant: Khoâ, thieáu daàu
boâi trôn.
z dry liner or sleeve = cylinder
liner or sleeve which is not contact
with the coolant: OÁng loùt khoâ
(xylanh)
z dry clutch n. = SINGLE-
PLATE CLUTCH: Ly hôïp khoâ, ly
hôïp moät ñóa.
z dry galvanizing n. hot-dip
galvanizing method in which the
metal components are first
immersed in a solution of flux and
then dried, so that they become
precoated with a thin film of flux,
which melts in the zinc bath, to
which certain metals, such as tin
drying oven
and aluminium, may be added to
give fluidity, and in the case of tin,
brightness: Phöông phaùp maï khoâ.
(NOTE: opposite is wet
galvanizing)
z drying oven n. enclosure
where car bodies are subjected to
heat in order to dry and/ or bake on
the paintwork: Loø saáy.
z dry joint n. faulty electrical
joint which does not in contact with
the coolant: Moái noái khoâ.
(NOTE: opposite is wet liner)
dry sump lubrication n. main
lubrication of an engine supplied
from a separate oil tank, the sump
containing no oil while the engine
is operating; a common feature of
motorcycle and racing car engines:
Söï boâi trôn ñoäng cô baèng bình
nhôùt rieâng
dry weight n. weight of a vehicle
without any fuel, oil, or coolant:
Troïng löôïng khoâ, troïng löôïng
tónh.
dual 1 a. comprising two parts,
which are often identical: Keùp,
ñoâi.
2 v. to convert (a single
carriageway road) into dual
carriageway: Chuyeån moät laøn xe
thaønh hai laøn xe.
z dual-acting n. = DOUBLE-
ACTING: Phaûn öùng keùp.
z dual-bed catalytic converter n.
catalytic converter which
combines two converters (with
different catalysts) in a single
housing: Boä xuùc taùc 2 ngaên.
z dual carriageway n. road with
two separate lanes for traffic
traveling in different directions,
107
Dubonnet suspension
separated by a central reserve:
Hai laøn xe.
z dual-circuit braking system n.
hydraulic braking system that
provides two separate,
independent hydraulic circuits,
each acting on two wheels: Heä
thoáng phanh hai maïch rieâng bieät.
z dual controls n. second set of
controls for use by a driving
instructor when teaching someone
to drive: Söï ñieàu khieån keùp
z dual exhaust system n. = TWIN
EXHAUST SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
khí xaû keùp.
z dual ignition system n. = TWIN
IGNITION: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
keùp (boâbin ñoâi)
z dual-line braking system n.
braking system in which towing
vehicle and trailer are connected
by two or more brake lines: Heä
thoáng phanh vôùi ñöôøng oáng keùp
(xe ñaàu keùo)
z dual-piston engine n. = TWIN-
PISTON ENGINE: Ñoäng cô pít
toâng ñoâi
z dual-piston master cylinder =
TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER:
Xylanh caùi vôùi pittoâng keùp
(phanh)
z dual-range gearbox n.
gearbox in a four-wheel drive
vehicle with two sets of ratios,
usually a higher set for road use
and a lower set for off-road use:
Hoäp soá hai toác ñoä.
z dual-tone horn n. = TWO-
TONE HORN: Coøi hai gioïng.
Dubonnet suspension n. independent
front suspension and steering
arrangement used in the 1930s and
duct
’40s, in which the axle beam is
rigidly attached to the vehicle
frame, and suspension arms, from
which the wheels are mounted on
stub axles Dubonnet: Heä thoáng
treo Dubonnet.
duct n. passage in square-section or
tubular form for ventilation,
heating or cables: OÁng daãn (khí,
daây)
ductile a. (of a metal) which can be
bent, hammered, or drawn out into
wire or sheet without fracturing:
Meàm deã uoán, deã keùo.
z ductility n. ability of a material
to undergo stretching or bending
without fracturing: Tính meàm,
tính deã keùo, tính deã uoán.
dull a. (of a finish) not shiny: Ñuïc,
môø.
dummy n. stuffed figure made to
look like a human being, used, for
instance, when testing cars to
destruction: Ngöôøi noäm, hình
nhaân (duøng khi thöû nghieäm xe)
z dump valve n. valve for
relieving pressure, such as that
between the turbocharger and the
carburetor in some systems: Van
xaû, van thaùo
duo-servo brake n. servo brake with
one double-end wheel cylinder
and two linked self-energizing
brake shoes: Boä trôï löïc phanh
keùp.
duplex chain n. chain with two rows of
rollers, used especially for timing
chains: Xích ñoâi.
durability n. ability to last a long time:
Söï beàn, tính beàn, ñoä beàn
dust boot n. concertina-like rubber
cover for pushrods, e.g. on brake
master cylinders and shock
108
dwell-angle map
absorbers, also for constants
velocity joints: Chuïp buïi (phanh,
giaûm xoùc …)
z dust cap n. = VALVE CAP:
Naép, noùn chuïp che buïi, ngaên buïi
baùm vaøo boä phaän ñöôïc che.
z dust cover n. any cover for
excluding dust and dirt: Voû chaén
buïi.
z dust sheet n. sheet for covering
a car when in a garage and not in
use: Taám boïc xe.
z dust shield n. = SPLASH
SHIELD: Chaén buïi.
z DVLC = DRIVER AND
VEHICLE LICENSING CENTRE
dwell n. (a) in a contact breaker
ignition system, the angle in
degrees of distributor shaft rotation
during which the contact breaker
points remain closed; the smaller
the contact gap, the larger the
dwell (angle), which determines
the charging time of the ignition
coil: Goùc ngaäm.
(NOTE: also called dwell angle)
(b) in a breakerless ignition
system, the time during which the
electronic control unit allows
current to flow through the primary
winding of the coil, which in
ignition systems with a Hall
generator is determined by the
width of the vanes: Thôøi gian
ngaäm
z dwell-angle control n. system
ensuring that dwell is sufficient for
all engine conditions: Söï ñieàu
khieån goùc ngaäm.
zdwell-angle map = characteristic
map for electronic dwell-angle
control, ependent on engine speed
and battery voltage: Baûn ñoà goùc
dwell meter
ngaäm.
z dwell meter n. instrument for
measuring the dwell angle: Thieát
bò ño goùc ngaäm.
z dwell period n. period during
which the primary circuit is closed
and primary current flows through
the ignition coil, given in
crankshaft or distributor shaft
degrees and therefore also called
dwell angle: Thôøi gian ngaäm.
DWS (system) n. deflation warning
system developed by Dunlop for
on-line detection of tyre pressure
loss, which since tyre pressure loss
reduces tyre circumference and
increase wheel rpm, uses the
wheel speed sensors of an existing
ABS system to continuously
monitor wheel speed and tyre
condition, any defects triggering a
warning signal DWS: Heä thoáng
caûnh baùo xì voû cuûa haûng Dunlop
dynamic balancing n. method of
balancing wheels and other
rotating components such as
crankshafts, using a machine
which spins the component and
detects any running out of true
which indicates imbalance: Söï caân
baèng ñoäng
(NOTE: opposite is static
balancing)
z dynamic ignition timing n.
modern timing procedure using a
timing light which is controlled by
the ignition pulse for the first
cylinder and whose flashing beam
is directed onto the timing marks,
the rotating mark appearing fixed
109
dynastart(er)
due to the stroboscopic effect, and
indicating ignition advance or
retard by its position in front of or
behind the fixed timing mark:
Phöông phaùp caân löûa ñoäng.
(NOTE: also called stroboscopic
ignition timing; opposite is static
ignition timing)
z dynamic imbalance n. lack of
balance in a rotating part such as a
wheel, which can cause vibration
and judder: Söï maát caân baèng
ñoäng.
z dynamic seal n. oil seal
between a moving and a stationary
part: Ñeäm di ñoäng.
(NOTE: opposite is static seal)
dynamo n. electrical generator driven
by the engine and producing direct
current, to charge the battery and
thus feed the electrical circuits:
Maùy phaùt ñieän moät chieàu
(NOTE: US English is (DC)
generator)
dynamometer n. machine for
measuring the power output of an
engine, either directly or at the
driven wheels: Baêng thöû coâng
suaát ñoäng cô thoâng qua baùnh xe
dynastart(er) n. combined dynamo
and starter used on some cars in
the 1920s and ’30s, and more
recently on two-stroke
motorcycles: Maùy phaùt keát hôïp
maùy khôûi ñoäng.
E eccentric drive
Ee
E = ECONOMY (GEAR): tieát kieäm
(soá)
EAC valve n. electronic air control
valve: Van ñieän ñieàu khieån toác
ñoä caàm chöøng baèng ñieän töû
Ear n. projection in the shape an ear,
usually as a lug, but also as a
spoiler behind the rear windows
to improve stability in side winds:
taám chaén gioù (kính sau)
Early fuel evaporation (EEF) system
n. system that heats the inlet
manifold to provide a warm
air/fuel mixture, reducing
condensation and improving fuel
evaporation, thus improving cold
engine operation and reducing
exhaust emissions: Heä thoáng laøm
boác hôi nhieân lieäu.
earth 1 n. return part of an electrical
system, which in a motor vehicle is
provided by the metal body and
chassis: AÂm, mass.
2 v. to connect a circuit or a
component to a chassis or body
part, either directly or by means of
a wire: Noái mass
(NOTE: US English for this is
ground)
z earth connection = wire or
other metal strip for connecting a
component to the vehicle chassis
or body: Vaät (daây) noái mass
z earth electrode = side
electrode of a sparking plug: Ñieän
cöïc bìa (bougie).
(NOTE: opposite is centre
electrode)
z earth return = return part of an
110
electrical circuit, provided by an
earth connection: phaàn daây noái
mass cuûa maïch ñieän.
z earth strap = piece of braided
wire for earthing the battery, with
a clip for attachment to the
appropriate battery terminal at one
and a terminal for connecting to
the chassis or body at the other:
Daây noái mass cho aêc quy
easing fluid n. = penetrating oil: Daàu
thaám (tan gæ)
east–west layout n. transverse
positioning of the engine across the
car, found in many front-wheel
drive designs: Söï boá trí (ñoäng cô)
naèm ngang.
(NOTE: also called transverse
engine; opposite is north-south
layout)
ESA valve n. valve in an emission
control system governing the air
flow from the air pump in
connection with the EAC valve:
van daãn khí ñeán van EAC
eat (away) v. to corrode and remove
the metal from: AÊn moøn.
ebonite n. hard black rubber
compound especially one
containing no filler: Ebonit.
eccentric 1 a. amounted off-centre:
Leäch taâm, sai taâm.
2 n. part transmitting an eccentric
drive, such as a disc with a
provision for a drive from its outer
part, or an eccentric shaft: Söï leäch
taâm.
z eccentric drive = drive from a
point not on the axis of the driving
eccentric rotor pump
shaft, e.g. from the outer part of a
disc, so that a reciprocating or up
and down motion is transmitted;
used in pumps or for a camshaft
drive: Söï truyeàn ñoäng leäch taâm.
z eccentric rotor pump = rotor -
type pump: Bôm quay leäch taâm.
z eccentric shaft = shaft
transmitting an eccentric motion:
Truïc truyeàn leäch taâm.
ECE test cycle n. 13 minute, three-
part test of automotive emission
for compliance with emission
standards, adopted by most
European countries, simulating
urban driving conditions, i.e.
involving relatively long idling
periods and speed below 35 mph,
emission characteristics at cruising
speed not being considered: chu
trình kieåm tra khí thaûi chaâu AÂu
echelon parking n. parking with the
nose of the car lose to the kern and
at an angle to it: Söï ñaäu xe theo
hình baäc thang.
ECI (short of) electrically controlled
injection: Heä thoáng phun nhieân
lieäu ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän.
z ECM = ELECTRONIC
CONTROL MODULE: Boä ñieàu
khieån ñieän töû.
ecological damage n. damage to the
environment, usually in the from of
pollution, such as that caused by
vehicle emissions: Söï phaù huûy
moâi tröôøng sinh thaùi (khí thaûi)
z ecological harmful a. damage
in to the environment: Coù haïi ñeán
moâi tröôøng sinh thaùi.
economical n. using only a small
amount of fuel: tieát kieäm nhieân lieäu.
z most cars are more
111
edge protection
economical on long runs = most
cars give better mileage per gallon
when driven long distances: Haàu
heát xe hôi chaïy tieát kieäm khi
chaïy ñöôøng tröôøng.
z economizer n. device for
making a vehicle use less fuel,
either by regulating the flow of
fuel, or by admitting extra air to
the air/fuel mixture (especially
when cruising): Boä phaän tieát
kieäm xaêng.
z economy n. (especially low)
consumption of fuel, usually
measured in miles per gallon: Tính
kinh teá nhieân lieäu (tính baèng
miles/gallon)
z turned for economy = turned to
use less fuel: chænh ñeå bôùt hao
xaêng
z good/ bad fuel economy = low/
high fuel consumption: Tính kinh
teá nhieân lieäu cao (hay thaáp).
z economy device =
ECONOMIZER
z economy jet = addition jet in a
carburetor admitting extra air to
the air/fuel mixture (especially
when cruising): Gíc lô phuï
ECS (short for) electrically controlled
suspension: Heä thoáng treo ñieàu
khieån baèng ñieän.
ECT (short for) engine coolant
temperature: Nhieät ñoä nöôùc laøm
maùt ñoäng cô.
ECU = ELECTRONIC CONTROL
UNIT: Boä ñieàu khieån ñieän töû,
ECU, hoäp ñen
edge binding n. tape for binding the
edges of carpets: Caïnh vieàn
(thaûm)
z edge protection n. protection
Edwardian car
of edges against corrosion, e.g. by
weather strips: Choáng aên moøn cho
caùc gôø, moái noái…
Edwardian car n. (gb) car built
between 1905 and 1918: Loaïi xe
töø 1905 – 1918.
EEC = electronic engine control:
Ñieàu khieån ñoäng cô baèng ñieän töû.
EFE system n. = early fuel
evaporation system: Heä thoáng
boác hôi nhieân lieäu sôùm.
effective a. (a) actual rather than
theoretical or potential: Coù hieäu
quaû.
effective deflection = deflection of a
suspension system under a
particular load: Ñoä voõng cuûa heä
thoáng treo khi coù taûi
(b) producing an effect: Coù hieäu
quaû.
effective stroke = working or power
stroke in a two- stroke engine: Thì
sinh coâng.
efficiency n. performance of a
mechanical device or system,
especially with regard to the
amount of energy used: Hieäu suaát.
braking efficiency = braking effort as
a percentage of the weight of the
vehicle: Hieäu suaát phanh.
EFI or EFi = electronic fuel
injection: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
ñieän töû.
EGR = EXHAUST GAS
RECIRCULATION: Söï luaân hoài
khí thaûi.
EGR valve = part of an EGR system
mounted on or near the inlet
manifold and controlled by inlet
manifold vacuum, which is usually
closed at idle and low speeds, but
opens during acceleration,
112
electrical screwdriver
admitting exhaust gas to the inlet
manifold: Van hoài löu khí thaûi.
eight n. eighth-cylinder engine, or a
car fitted with one, the cylinder
may be in-line (a straight eight ) or
in a v-layout (a v-8): Ñoäng cô 8
xylanh.
EIN = engine identification number:
soá sôri ñoäng cô.
eject v. to put or throw out: Neùm ra,
phun ra, ñöa ra
eject button = button on a cassette
player for taking out the cassette:
Nuùt laáy baêng ra.
elasticity n. ability to recover original
size and shape when deforming,
especially stretching, forces are
released: Tính ñaøn hoài, tính co
giaõn.
elastomer n. elastic macromolecular
material that at room temperature
returns rapidly approximately its
initial dimensions and shape after
substantial deformation by awake
stress and release of the stress:
Chaát ñaøn hoài.
elbow n. bend in a pipe: Khuyûu, choã
gaáp khuùc.
electric a. operated by or derived
from electricity: Baèng ñieän, coù
ñieän.
electric air control valve = EAC
valve
electric air switching valve = EAS
valve
electrical a. relating to electricity:
Thuoäc veà ñieän.
electrical conductivity = ability of a
material to conduct electricity:
Tính daãn ñieän.
(NOTE: opposite is resistivity )
electrical screwdriver = usually
electrical system
small screwdriver for use when
working on the electrical system,
with a thin blade and an insulated
handle, also sometimes an
insulated shank: Vít thöû ñieän.
electrical system = combination of
all wiring circuits and electrical
units and equipment on a vehicle,
with the exception of those in the
ignition system: Heä thoáng ñieän.
electric car n. car whose motive
power is provided by an electric
motor, with the advantages of
silence and lack of pollution, and
the disadvantages of the weight of
the batteries and the need for
recharging after a relatively short
distance: Xe ñieän.
electric charge n. defined quantity of
electricity, which may be positive,
as with protons, or negative, as
with electrons: Ñieän tích
electric current n. flow of electricity
passing through a conductor: Doøng
ñieän.
electric fuel pump n. electrically
power petrol or diesel pump,
drawing fuel from the bank and
delivering it to the carburetor or
fuel injection system: Bôm nhieân
lieäu baèng ñieän.
electric grid n. = electrical system:
Heä thoáng ñieän.
electric mirror = external, usually
door mirror which can be adjust
from inside the car: Göông chieáu
haäu chænh ñieän.
electric motor n. machine which
changes electrical energy into
usually rotational motion: Motô
ñieän.
electric top n. us = power hood:
113
electrogalvanizing
Mui (naép capoâ) ñieàu khieån baèng
ñieän.
electric windows n. windows which
are raised and lowered by electric
motors, and operated by switches
on the centre console or on the
door: Heä thoáng kính cöûa ñieàu
khieån baèng ñieän.
(NOTE: us english is power
windows)
electromechanical corrosion n.
corrosion involving at least one
electrode reaction: Söï aên moøn cô
ñieän
electro coating n. = electrophoretic
painting: Sôn ñieän.
electrode n. conductor which leads
current into a gas, liquid or
vacuum, such as those in a
sparking plug between which the
spark passes to ignite the mixture:
Ñieän cöïc.
electrode adjusting tool = tool used
to bend side electrodes on sparking
plugs for gap adjustment, usually
combined with gauges for
checking the gap: Duïng cuï ñieàu
chænh khe hôû bougie.
electrode gap = sparking plug gap:
Khe hôû bougie.
electrode position n. generic
term for electrolytic processes
which a metal is deposited at the
cathode from a solution of its
ions, such as electroplating, or in
which paint is deposited in an
immersion process by mean of
electric current: Sö phuû lôùp baèng
ñieän (sôn)
electrogalvanizing n. coating of
metal, especially iron or steel, with
zinc by electroplating: Maï ñieän.
electrolysis
electrolysis n. method by which
chemical reactions are carried out
by passage of electric current
through a solution of an electrolyte
or through a molten salt, e.g. in a
starter battery: Phöông phaùp ñieän
phaân.
electrolyte n. substance which can
dissolve to yield a solution, or a
solution itself able to conduct
electric current, especially in an
electric cell or battery: Chaát ñieän
phaân.
electrolyte level = amount of
electrolyte in a car battery, which
must cover the top of the plates:
Möùc chaát ñieän phaân (aéc quy)
electrolyte tester = device for
checking electrolyte density in a
battery, and hence its state of
charge: Phuø keá.
electrolytic a. relating to electrolysis
or an electrolyte: Ñieän phaân.
electrolytic cell = cell consisting of
electrodes immersed in an
electrolyte solution for carrying out
electrolysis: Hoäc, ngaên bình (ñòeân
phaân)
electrolytic-corrosion = electro-
chemical corrosion causing the
electrolytic removal of metal: Söï
aên moøn ñieän hoùa.
electrolytic deposition = microprocessor and memory with
electroplating: Kyõ thuaät maï ñieän.
electrolytic galvanizing = part of an engine management
electrogalganizing: Maï ñieän
electrolytic protection = cathodic
protection: Söï baûo veä catoát.
electromagnetic clutch n. any clutch
in with magnetic force is used to
hold the drive in engagement, such
as that in the compressor drive of
114
electronic engine control (EEC)
an air-conditioning system: Ly hôïp
ñieän töø (ñieàu hoøa)
electromotive force (EMF) n. source
of electrical energy required to
produce an electric current,
produced by devices such as
batteries or generators and
measured in volts: Söùc ñieän ñoäng.
electron n. negatively charged
constituent of an atom: Ñieän töû
(electron).
electron flow = current produced by
the motion of free electrons
towards a positive terminal, whose
direction is the opposite to that of
the current: Doøng haït ñieän töû.
electronic a. featuring semiconductors
(usually transistors) as an
operating medium: Ñieän töû.
electronically controlled a. controlled
by electronic means: Ñöôïc ñieàu
khieån baèng ñieän töû
electronic cluster n. display showing
various functions, including
speedometer, tachometer, gauges,
etc. using LEDs or LCD
technology displaying symbols and
bar instead of numbers: Tableau
ñieän töû (hieän soá)
(NOTE: opposite is analogue
cluster)
electronic control unit (ECU) n.
electronic maps, forming the central
system or of subsystems such as a
fuel injection or ignition system:
Cuïm ñieàu khieån ñieän töû, hoäp
ECU, hoäp ñen
(NOTE: also called electronic
(control ) module (ECM))
electronic engine control (EEC) n.
electronic fuel injection
engine management system which
control the ignition system and
various other systems, including
the exhaust gas recirculation and
air –injection systems: Ñieàu
khieån ñoäng cô baèng ñieän töû.
electronic fuel injection (EFI or EFi)
n. system that injects fuel into the
engine and includes an electronic
control unit to time and meter the
flow: Heä thoáng phun nhieân lieäu
baèng ñieän töû.
electronic ignition system n. term
used to designate breakerless
transistorized ignitions,
transistorized ignitions with
electronic spark timing, and
sometimes mapped ignition
systems: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñieän
töû.
electronic navigator n.= trip
computer: Maùy tính haønh trình
(baùo tieâu hao nhieân lieäu, löôïng
xaêng coøn, soá km ñaõ ñi…)
electronic ride control n. suspension
control system comprising
microprocessor controlled,
electronically adjustable air shock
absorbers for automatic selection
of the optimum damping
characteristics depending on and
road surface and load conditions:
Heä thoáng giaûm chaán töï ñoäng.
electronic spark advance (ESA) n.
the part of an ECU that controls
ignition timing and dwell angle:
Ñaùnh löûa sôùm baèng ñieän töû.
electronic spark control (ESC) or
electronic spark timing (EST) n.
ignition timing by means of an
ignition map, either integrated into
mapped ignition systems or
115
electrostatic painting or spraying
available as a separate module to
enhance transistorized ignition
systems: Ñieàu khieån ñaùnh löûa
sôùm baèng ñieän töû
electronic traction control (ETC) n.
system for reducing wheel spin,
incorporating wheel sensors: Ñieàu
khieån löïc keùo baèng ñieän töû.
electronic transmission control n.
system or module for controlling
automatic transmission: Hoäp soá töï
ñoäng ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän töû.
electropainting n. = electrophoretic
painting: Sôn ñieän.
electrophoretic painting n. process
used to apply the first coat of paint
(primer) to car body: Sôn ñieän
(cho lôùp sôn ñaàu tieân).
electrophoretic primer = paint used
to prime car body by the
electrophoretic process: Lôùp sôn
ñaàu treân khung xe.
electro picker n. electrical door lock
picker (available to key services
and the police only): Ñoà naïy khoùa
cöûa ñieän (khi maát khoùa)
electroplate v. to plate (metal ) by
electrodeposition: Maï ñieän.
electroplating n. electrodeposition of
metals or alloys from suitable
electrolyte solutions, the articles to
be plated being connected to the
cathode in an electrolyte solution,
and direct current introduced
through the anode of the metal to
be deposited: Kyõ thuaät maï ñieän.
electrostatic painting or spraying n.
painting method using the particle
attracting properly of electrostatic
charges, in which a direct current
of approx. 100,000 volts is applies
to a grid of wires through which
electrostatic powder coating
the paint is sprayed to charge
each particle, and the metals
objects to be sprayed are
connected to the opposite terminal
of the high-voltage circuit, so as to
attract the paint particles: Sôn tónh
ñieän
electrostatic powder coating (EPC)
= painting process in which the
outer parts of the body shell are
coated with a powder dispersion by
means of cathodic immersion, and
in which the cavities are coated
with cathodic electropaint: Lôùp
sôn tónh ñieän
electrovalve n. = solenoid valve: Van
ñieän.
element n. assembly of all positive
and negative plates of a single
battery cell including its
separators, arranged so as to start
and finish with a negative plate (so
that there are always negative then
positive plates ), because the
positive plates tend to distort under
discharge: Aéc quy ñôn.
ellipsoidal headlight n. headlight
with a reflector which is wider than
it is high, and not circular, has
replaced the parabolic reflector:
Ñeøn ñaàu daïng ellipsoid.
embrittlement n. reduced toughness
in plastic or metal caused by age,
heat or rough use: Söï gioøn cuaû
nhöïa hoaëc kim loaïi trong vaän
haønh.
emergency n. sudden, unexpected
occurrence, such as a breakdown
or the failure of some part, which
may be dangerous and demands
immediate action: Tình traïng
nguy hieåm (do hö hoûng)
116
emission levels
emergency brake = secondary
braking system which comes to
operation when the main braking
system fails: Phanh phuï.
emergency inflator = aerosol can
which inflates a punctured tyre
and injects sealing compound to
provide at least a temporary
repair: Bình xòt vaù voû taïm thôøi.
emergency transmitter = transmitter
no large than a car radio, fitted
inside the vehicle which enables
drivers to radio for help from the
security of their own cars: Maùy
phaùt tín hieäu baùo troäm.
emergency windscreen = sheet of
clear plastic fitted in place of
broken windscreen: Taám daùn
kính vôõ
emery cloth n. cloth coated in emery
crystals for use as an abrasive on
metals: Vaûi nhaùm.
EMF = electromotive force
emission n. passing toxic substances
into the atmosphere: Phaùt xaï oâ
nhieãm töø khí xaû
emissions = gases and other pollutants
coming from the vehicle with an
internal combustion engine: Söï
thaûi ra chaát oâ nhieãm töø xe.
emission control n. (a) reduction of all
types of emission from motor
vehicles: Kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
(b) emission control (system ) =
any system, device or modification
added onto or designed into a
motor vehicle for the purpose of
reducing air-polluting emissions,
such as catalytic converter: Heä
thoáng kieåm soat khí xaû.
emission levels n. amount of toxic
substances passed into the
emission standards
atmosphere by motor vehicles:
Löôïng khí ñoäc vaøo khoâng khí.
emission standards n. specified
maximum emission levels
permitted from different classes of
motor vehicle in different
countries: Tieâu chuaån khí thaûi.
z the stringent US emission
standards = the low emission
levels permitted in the United
States, especially in California:
Tieâu chuaån khí thaûi nghieâm khaéc
cuûa Myõ.
EMS = emission management system:
Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
emulsion n. mixture of two liquids
which do not fully mix, such as oil
and water, or specifically petrol
and air in a carburetor: Nhuõ töông
(nöôùc vaøo nhôùt, khoâng khí vaø
xaêng)
emulsion tube = part of a fixed jet
carburetor, in which air is
introduced into the mixture through
holes to help atomize it and correct
excessive richness at higher
engine speeds: OÁng nhuõ hoùa (cheá
hoaø khí) (nôi khoâng khí ñi qua loã
troän)
enamel n. high-gloss paint that is
slower drying and therefore easier
to apply than cellulose, and will
cause cellulose applied over it to
lift: Sôn boùng treân goã.
end cap n. cap covering the end of a
piece of trim or of a fuse: Ñaàu
chuïp (caàu chì loaïi cuõ)
end cover (plate ) n. cover containing
a bearing at either end of a
dynamo or alternator: Taám chaén oå
bi trong maùy phaùt.
end cutters or end cutting pliers n.
117
engage
small pincers with sharp jaws for
cutting and stripping wires, etc.:
Kìm caét vaø tuoát daây.
end float n. = end play
endoscope n. instrument used to see
into the interior of hollow cavities
such as box sections: Ñeøn noäi soi.
end play n. bearing clearance in an
axial direction: Khe hôû doïc baïc
loùt.
check the big end bearing for end
play = check if there is any
sideways movement in the big
end: Kieåm tra khe hôû doïc baïc loùt
ñaàu to thanh truyeàn.
endurance test n. test of a material or
system over a long period: Thöû ñoä
beàn
energize v. to activate (a solenoid,
relay, etc.) by providing sufficient
energy: Baét ñaàu laøm vieäc nhôø caáp
naêng löôïng
energy n. capacity for doing work,
measured in joules or in the case
of electrical energy, in kilo-watt
hours: Naêng löôïng.
energy absorbing a. able to absorb
force of impact: Haáp thu naêng
löôïng.
energy absorbing steering column =
safety design of steering column
which telescopes on impact: Truï
tay laùi haáp thu naêng löôïng khi
ñuïng xe (xeáp laïi)
energy conversion n. changing of one
form of energy into another or into
work, such as that in the
combustion process, the heat of
which is used toturn the engine and
thus create motion: Söï chuyeån hoùa
naêng löôïng.
engage v. (a) to come into contact and
engagement
be locked together (with another
part): Laøm aên khôùp.
z the clutch engages smoothly =
the driving and driven plates of the
clutch come together and take up
the drive without judder: Ly hôïp
aên khôùp moät caùch eâm aùi.
(b) to bring ( a part) into contact
with another so that it is locked to
it: Gaøi khôùp.
zto engage a lower gear = to
select a lower ratio by moving the
gear lever: Gaøi soá thaáp hôn.
engagement n. bringing into locking
contact (e.g. of the clutch ), or
selection of a gear: Söï aên khôùp.
engine n. energy-converting
propelling unit of a motor vehicle,
usually internal combustion engine
of the reciprocating-piston type,
either with spark ignition (petrol
engines) or compression ignition
(diesel engines): Ñoäng cô.
engine analyzer n. electronic engine-
test-device, formerly free-standing
in a cabinet, and now often hand-
held and connected to the vehicle
‘s diagnostic socket (as in the case
of the diagnostic read-out box ),
which provides data on all aspect
of the engine’s state of tune: Maùy
phaân tích (chaån ñoaùn) ñoäng cô.
engine bay n. = engine compartment:
Ngaên, khoang ñoäng cô.
engine block n. cylinder block with
integral crankcase: Khoái ñoäng cô,
khoái xylanh.
engine block heater = cylinder block
heater: Boä phaän nung khoái xylanh
(khôûi ñoäng laïnh)
engine brake or braking effect n.
retarding effect of an engine when
118
engine depression
the vehicle is in gear with the
throttle closed, i.e. on the overrun,
which is increased by changing to a
lower gear: Hieän töôïng ñoäng cô
chaïy chaäm laïi khi coøn soá maø
böôùm ga ñoùng (phanh ñoäng cô)
engine capacity n. swept volume of
an engine: Dung tích ñoäng cô.
engine compartment n. area into
which the engine is fitted: Khoang
ñoäng cô.
engine coolant n. liquid used in the
engine’s cooling system: Nöôùc
laøm maùt ñoäng cô.
engine cover n. panel of metal or
plastic covering the engine of a
rear-engine car: Naép chuïp ñoäng
cô (ñaët sau)
(NOTE: the terms bonnet in British
usage and hood in American usage
are only used for the cover a front-
mounted engine )
engine damage n. breakage,
deformation or scoring of the
internal parts of an engine: Söï hö
hoûng caùc chi tieát beân trong ñoäng
cô.
overrevving may cause engine
damage = running the engine too
fast may result in, for example,
seizure, a burnt piston or a dropped
valve: Chaïy vöôït toác coù theå gaây
hö ñoäng cô.
engine depression n. low pressure on
the engine side of the throttle
cause by piston suction in the inlet
manifold: Söùc huùt ñoäng cô (aùp
thaáp)
zthe clutch engages smoothly n.
electrical connecter for plugging in
the engine analyzer, forming an
interface between the engine
engine hoist
store in the memory of the engine
controller: Giaéc noái chaån ñoaùn
ñoäng cô.
engine hoist n. small crane for lifting
an engine out of a motor vehicle,
formerly incorporating a block and
tackle, but now usually
hydraulically operated: Caàn truïc
nhoû naâng ñoäng cô.
engine (identification) number (EIN)
n. number stamped on the engine
and usually also on the vehicle
identification plate, which should
be quoted when ordering parts: Soá
maùy.
engine knock n. engine operating
condition, accompanied by audible
noise, that occurs when fuel in the
cylinders is ignition too early
and/or spontaneously, resulting in
colliding flame fronts and shock
waves which cause high thermal
and mechanical stress, and can
severely damage the engine: Söï
rooùc maùy (kích noå)
engine layout n. (a) type of engine,
with reference to the arrangement
of its cylinders and their number
(as in a flat four, v-twin or straight
eight): Caùch phaân loaïi ñoäng cô.
(b) positioning of the engine in the
vehicle (as in front, mid-or rear
engine, a transverse or in-line
engine): Vò trí ñaët ñoäng cô.
engine management system (EMS)
n. electronic engine control system
which covers at least the
functioning of the fuel injection
and ignition, but may also include
emission controls and self-
diagnostics: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån
ñoäng cô.
119
engine size
engine map n. = characteristic map:
Baûn ñoà ñaëc tuyeán ñoäng cô (löûa vaø
xaêng) naïp trong EPROM
engine misfire n. misfire: Söï maát löûa.
engine modifications n. alterations to
the specification of the engine to
increase power output, improve
economy, reduce emissions, etc.:
Söï caûi tieán ñoäng cô.
engine mounting n. flexible support
for the engine in which an elastic
medium, usually rubber, is
interposed between lugs on the
engine and the frame of the
vehicle: Söï gaù laép ñoäng cô.
engine noise n. amount of noise of
lower viscosity than gear oil, used
to lubricate an engine: tieáng oàn
ñoäng cô.
engine oil level warning light = light
on the instrument panel which
comes on when the oil in the sump
falls below a certain level: Ñeøn
baùo möïc daàu ñoäng cô.
engine overhaul n. dismantling of the
engine and restoration of the
manufacturer’s original tolerance
by replacement of worn parts,
reboring the cylinders, regrinding
the crankshaft, etc.: Söï ñaïi tu
maùy.
engine parameters n. used in the
context of emission controls for
those engine characteristics
sensitive to engine performance,
such as power/ bhp, general engine
performance and fuel economy:
Caùc thoâng soá ñoäng cô.
engine performance tester n. =
engine analyzer
engine size n. = engine capacity:
Dung tích ñoäng cô.
engine speed
engine speed n. number of
revolutions per minute (rpm) at
which the engine is turning: Toác
ñoä ñoäng cô.
engine speed limiter = device acting
as a governor which cuts the power
when a certain number of rpm is
reached: Boä giôùi haïn toác ñoä ñoäng
cô.
engine speed sensor = in most cases,
a magnetic pick-up that scans the
flywheel teeth and produces one
output signal per scanned tooth, or
a hall generator in the distributor,
whose signals are passed to the
electronic control unit: Caûm bieán
toác ñoä ñoäng cô.
engine subframe n. separate frame in
which the engine is mounted:
Khung gaù ñoäng cô.
engine temperature sensor n. sensor
used to a monitor the temperature
of the engine: Caûm bieán nhieät ñoä
ñoäng cô.
(NOTE: not identical with the
coolant temperature sensor)
engine timing n. ignition and valve
timing: Söï ñieàu chænh ñoäng cô
(caân löûa vaø cam).
enrichment n. making the air/fuel
mixture richer, i.e. increase the
fuel content: Söï laøm giaøu hoaø khí.
enrichment device or unit = circuit in
a carburetor providing a richer
mixture, operated by engine
vacuum: Cô caáu laøm ñaäm.
envelope n. cover enclosing
something entirely, such as the
glass of a lamp bulb: Voû boïc.
environment-conscious or
environmentally aware a . aware
of dangers and threats to the
120
equalizer
environment and taking
appropriate action to avoid them:
Quan taâm ñeán moâi tröôøng.
environmentally friendly = harmless
to the environment, or causing as
little harm as possible: Voâ haïi ñeán
moâi tröôøng.
EPA n. US environment protection
agency, which is responsible for
recommending environmental
legislation and in the automotive
sphere produces test cycles and
estimates fuel economy: Cuïc baûo
veä moâi tröôøng.
EPC = ELECTROSTATIC POWDER
COATING
EP gear oil n. extreme pressure gear
oil preventing metal-to-metal
contact, used mainly in gearboxes
and final drives units: Daàu boâi
trôn baùnh raêng.
epicyclical gearbox n. constant-mesh
gearbox with several planetary
gear sets made up of an internally
toothed outer ring gear, several
small intermediate pinions or
planet gears and a large externally
toothed central gear known as a
sun wheel: Hoäp soá baùnh raêng
haønh tinh.
(NOTE: us english is planetary
transmission)
epoxy resin n. thermosetting resin
based on ethylene oxide or similar
material or derivatives, used in
adhesives, fillers, and primers and
other finishes: nhöïa epoxi.
EPS (short for) electronically
controlled power steering: Trôï
löïc laùi ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän töû.
equalizer n. (a) = graphic equalizer:
Nuùt chænh taàn soá aâm thanh
equal power distribution
(cassette)
(b) compensator: Cô caáu buø.
equal power distribution or split n.
system in four wheel drive
vehicles which ensures that an
equal amount of power is passed to
the front and rear wheels: Söï
phaân phoái coâng suaát caân baèng
giöõa baùnh tröôùc vaø baùnh sau
equipment n. devices and systems
fitted to a vehicle which are either
essential or optional, and either
fitted by the manufacturer (original
equipment ): Thieát bò.
equipment package = particular
combination of equipment
provided by the manufacturer:
Troïn goùi thieát bò.
erode v. to remove a surface layer (by
chemical action or by rubbing ):
AÊn moøn, baøo moøn
erosion n. removing a surface layer
(by chemical action or wear ): Söï
baøo moøn.
ESA = ELECTRONIC SPARK
ADVANCE
ESC = ELECTRONIC SPARK
CONTROL
ESR (short for) electric sunroof: Cöûa
mui xe ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän (cöûa
trôøi)
EST = electronic spark timing: Ñieàu
khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng
ñieän töû.
estate car n. private car which is
essentially a saloon whose roof is
extended to the rear of the car,
which is more or less vertical and
incorporates a tailgate, giving the
increase by lowering the can be
further increased by lowering the
back of the rear seat: Xe vöøa chôû
121
evacuate
khaùch vöøa chôû haøng
(NOTE: US english is station
wagon)
ESV = experimental safety vehicle:
Xe thöû nghieäm an toaøn.
ETA (short for) Estimated Time Of
Arrival: Thôøi gian ñeán döï kieán
(maùy tính haønh trình)
etching n. (a) roughening or
disintegration of the paint surface,
which can occur on small patches
or over a wide area, through attack
from bird droppings, screen washer
fluid, industrial fall out, etc.: Bong
sôn do taùc ñoäng moâi tröôøng
(b) removal of soil or the natural
oxide film from an aluminium
surface, giving a roughened
surface which improves adhesion
of the subsequent paint layer, or
removal the actual metal: Caïo beà
maët kim loaïi ñeå sôn dính toát
ethanol n. ethyl alcohol which is
added to petrol, typically in a
mixture of 10% ethanol and 90%
unleaded petrol: Ethanol (theâm
vaøo xaêng).
ethyl acrylate n. polymer used in
toughening rubber: Hôïp chaát cao
phaân töû ñeå taêng ñoä cöùng cho cao
su.
ethylene –glycol n. thick hygroscopic
liquid which is used as the main
constituent of antifreeze: Thaønh
phaàn cuûa chaát choáng ñoâng (trong
nöôùc laøm maùt ñoäng cô).
euromix formular n. basis for a
standard test cycle covering both
town driving and driving on the
open road: Chu trình kieåm tra xe
evacuate v. to remove by pushing
out: Thaùo, caùch ly.
evaporate
evaporate v. to turn into a vapour:
Laøm bay hôi, laøm boác hôi.
evaporation n. conversion of a liquid
into a vapour: Söï boác hôi.
evaporation control system or
evaporation emission control
(system) (EVAP) = system for
reducing evaporation emissions by
means of a sealed fuel tank,a
vapour-liquid separator, a three-
way valve, an active carbon filter,
and a network of interconnecting
hoses: Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt söï
boác hôi nhieân lieäu (choáng oâ
nhieãm)
evaporative emissions or losses n.
vapour or fumes not emitted by the
exhaust system, but escaping from
the fuel tank, carburetor and
crankcase, and accounting for
about 40% of hydrocarbon
emissions released by a petrol
engine without emission controls:
Söï boác hôi cuûa nhieân lieäu töø
thuøng.
evaporator n. in automotive air-
conditioning systems, a heat
exchanger designed to absorb heat
by evaporation of a refrigerant:
Giaøn laïnh, boä boác hôi.
(NOTE: opposite is condenser)
EVAP system n. = evaporative
emission control system
EVC = EXHAUST VALVE CLOSES
EVO = EXHAUST VALVE OPENS
EW (short of ) electric windows: Cöûa
soå ñieän, kính ñieän
exchange engine n. overhauled
replacement engine provided in
change for a worn (but unchanged)
engine, plus a charge: Ñoäng cô
ñöôïc ñoåi khi ñaïi tu
122
exhaust emission control system
excitation winding n. = field
winding: Cuoän daây kích töø.
ex-demonstrator n. car formerly used
by a dealer as a demonstrator: Xe
ñaõ qua tröng baøy.
executive car n. large, powerful
luxury car considered suitable for a
business executive: Xe cao caáp.
exhaust 1 n. (a) = EXHAUST GAS:
Khí thaûi, khí xaû
(b) = EXHAUST SYSTEM: Heä
thoáng thaûi.
2 v. to push out or discharge
(combustion gases ): Thaûi ra.
exhaust back pressure n. any
pressure holding back the flow of
the gases in as exhaust system:
Aùp suaát ngöôïc cuûa khí thaûi
exhaust cam (shaft) n. separate
camshaft controlling the opening
and closing of the exhaust valves
used in twin overhead camshaft
engines: Truïc cam thaûi.
(NOTE: opposite is inlet
camshaft)
exhaust chamber n. part of the two-
stroke exhaust system designed to
maintain a specified back pressure:
Buoàng thaûi (ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
exhaust emission control n. reduction
of harmful pollutants in the gases
emitted from the exhaust system:
Söï kieåm soaùt khí thaûi (oâ nhieãm)
exhaust emission control system =
general term for any system that
reduces the harmful exhaust
emissions of a motor vehicle,
including one or all of the
following systems, catalytic
converter (with or without oxygen
sensor air/ fuel control), exhaust
gas recirculation, secondary air
exhaust emissions
injection or induction, and positive
crankcase ventilation: Heä thoáng
kieåm soaùt khí thaûi.
exhaust emissions n. gases emitted
into the atmosphere through the
exhaust system, or indeed any
opening down-stream of the
exhaust ports of an engine: Söï
phaùt xaï oâ nhieãm do khí thaûi.
exhaust gas n. gas which is the
product of the combustion process
and which is passed out of the
cylinder through the exhaust valve
or port into the exhaust system:
Khí chaùy, khí thaûi
exhaust gas analyzer = device which
can establish the hydrocarbon,
carbon monoxide or carbon
dioxide content of the exhaust
gases, used fro tuning the engine
or testing to see whether emissions
control standards are met: Thieát bò
phaân tích khí thaûi.
exhaust gas purification (system) =
emission control system for diesel
engines, which may consist of an
exhaust scrubber, a diesel exhaust
filter, and/ or a catalytic converter:
Heä thoáng laøm saïch khí thaûi.
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) =
process in which a small portion of
the exhaust gas is mixed with air in
the induction tract, which has the
effect of reducing the nitrogen
oxides then emitted: Heä thoáng
tuaàn hoaøn khí thaûi (giaûm NOx)
exhaust manifold n. first part of the
exhaust system, usually made of
cast iron, and fixed directly to the
cylinder head over the gases and
passes them to the down pipe(s)
connected to its outlet(s): OÁng goùp
123
exhaust system
thaûi.
exhaust note n. sound coming from
the end of the exhaust pipe: Tieáng
noå ôû cuoái poâ.
exhaust pipe n. any pipe forming part
of the exhaust system: OÁng poâ.
exhaust pollutants n. = exhausts
emissions: Söï oâ nhieãm cuûa khí
thaûi.
exhaust port n. (a) (in four –stroke
engines) short passage in the
cylinder head from the exhaust
valve opening to the exhaust
manifold (or exhaust pipe on a
typical motorcycle): Cöûa thaûi.
(b) (in two-stroke engines) opening
in the cylinder wall used for
discharge of the spent gases into
the exhaust system: Cöûa thaûi treân
thaønh xy lanh (ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
exhaust scrubber n. diesel exhaust
gas purification system which cools
the exhaust and separates nitrogen
oxide and oil vapours from the gas
stream: Thieát bò loïc khí thaûi
(Diesel)
exhaust side n. side of the engine
where the exhaust valves and
exhaust manifold are situated:
Phía beân thaûi
exhaust stroke n. in spark ignition and
diesel engines, the upward stroke
of the piston when the energy of
combustion is spent and the piston
moves upward again, the exhaust
valve opens and burned gases are
forced out past the open exhaust
valve: Thì thaûi.
exhaust system n. system in a four-
wheeled motor vehicle that
collects the exhaust gases and
discharges them into the air,
exhaust timing
consisting of the exhaust manifold,
exhaust pipe, silencer, tailpipe,
and rear silencer or resonator: Heä
thoáng thaûi.
exhaust timing n. exhaust control
system developed especially for
two-stroke motorcycle engines in
order to enhance low and mid-
range power: Heä thoáng ñieàu
khieån thôøi ñieåm thaûi (2 kyø)
exhaust treatment n. any
measures taken to reduce the
pollutant concentrations in the
exhaust of an internal combustion
engine release into the
atmosphere: Söï xöû lyù khí thaûi.
exhaust turbocharging n. =
turbocharging: Taêng aùp baèng khí
thaûi.
exhaust valve n. valve usually of the
poppet type and smaller than the
inlet valve, in four-stroke ic
engines, operated directly or
indirectly by a camshaft to open
during the exhaust stroke to allow
the combustion gases to escape:
Xuùpaùp thaûi.
exhaust valve closes (EVC) = mark
on a valve-timing diagram: Daáu
supap thaûi ñoùng
exhaust valve opens (EVO) = mark
on a valve–timing diagram: Daáu
supap thaûi môû
expander n. device in a drum brake
system (either hydraulic or
mechanical) which forces the
shoes apart into contact with the
drum: Caàn ñaåy troáng phanh.
expander ring or spacer n. part used
in an oil-control ring consisting of
more than one part (e.g. one upper
and one lower rail) to exert a
124
extension bar
constant pressure on the ring, in
order to ensure a tight seal towards
the cylinder wall: Voøng eùp trong
seùc maêng daàu
expansion n. increase in volume of a
liquid or a gas: Söï giaõn nôû.
expansion stroke = power stroke:
Thì giaõn nôû.
expansion tank = overflow container
for gases or liquids subject to
expansion, such as fuels or more
particularly coolant which expanse
when heated, and when cools
returns to the radiator: Bình giaõn
nôû, bình nöôùc phuï
expansion valve = flow-control valve
located between the condenser and
evaporator in an air-conditioner
and which controls the amount of
refrigerant sprayed into the
evaporator: Van tieát löu (heä
thoâng1 ñieàu hoaø khoâng khí)
Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV)
n. special vehicle built for research
into and testing of safety features:
Xe thí nghieäm ñoä an toaøn.
expioded view n. drawing of a
mechanism or structure which
shows the parts separately but
approximately in the position they
occupy when assembled: Sô ñoà
caáu taïo (chi tieát veõ rôøi)
expressway n. us multilane road like
a motorway, with full or partial
control of access: Xa loä
extension bar or piece n. part used
with socket spanners inserted
between a socket and drive handle,
which allow access to nuts or bolt
heads in deeply recessed or
otherwise confined areas: Khôùp
noái (caàn sieát)
exterior mirror
exterior mirror n. = EXTERNAL
MIRROR: Kính chieáu haäu ngoaøi
external combustion engine n.
engine (such as a steam engine) in
which fuel is burnt outside the
cylinder or cylinders, power being
generated by the expansion of
another liquid or gas heated by
combustion: Ñoäng cô ñoát ngoaøi.
external diameter n. the external
diameter of a cylinder or tube:
ñöôøng kính ngoaøi.
external micrometer n. micrometer
for measuring external diameters:
Duïng cuï ño vi löôïng ñöôøng kính
ngoaøi (caùc pan me)
external mirror n. mirror attached to
the outside of the vehicle, typically
on the driver’s or the passenger’s
door: Kính chieáu haäu beân ngoaøi
xe.
external thread n. thread consisting
of projecting ridges on the outside
of a part such as a bolt or screw
(which fits into the corresponding
internal thread of a nut or similar ):
Ren ngoaøi.
(NOTE: also called male thread )
external vane pump n. pump with
either an elliptic rotating piston or
an eccentrically mounted circular
rotor: Bôm coù caùnh beân ngoaøi.
extractor n. special tool for
extracting bearings, bushes and
125
eyelet pliers
sleeves from housings and blind
holes: Caùc caõo.
extras n. optional additional items
either fitted by the manufacturer at
the buyer’s request, or fitted later
by the owner, comprising either
accessories such as seat covers or
additional lights or built-in items
such as a heated rear window or
sunroof: Ñoà gaén theâm treân xe
eye n. circular opening or hole, such
as that at then the end of a leaf
spring or that formed at the end of
a cable: Caùc khoen (nhíp hoaëc
daây ñieän)
eyebolt n. bolt with an eye in place of
a head, through which a cable can
be passed, e.g. for lifting purposes:
Buloâng coù loã ñeå moùc caùp
eyelet connector n. connector for
electrical connections which is
attached to a wire and has its ring-
shaped end pushed on to a round
post or threaded terminal: Khoen
daây noái (ñeå baét thaân xe)
eyelet pliers n. pliers for punching
small holes, with a round stud in
one jaw and a hole in the other:
Kìm baám loã
F fan belt
Ff
F (a) (short for) Fahrenheit: Ñoä F
(b) = FIELD (TERMINAL) :
Cöïc cuoän daây kích töø (maùy
phaùt)
Fabric n. material made from textile
or man-made fibres, used e.g. in
the structure of tyre casings, for
covering seats, etc. : Vaûi boá, vaûi
gai.
z fabric body = simple form of
lightweight bodywork in which a
waterproof, clothbacked material
is stretched over a wooden
frame-work, popular around
1930 and still used at a later date
by DKW and even postwar by
Lloyd: Keát caáu thaân xe nheï.
z fabric hood or top = soft-top
made from a textile (such as
canvas) as opposed to vinyl: Mui
vaûi.
fabricate v. to make, usually by a
relatively complex process or
from several parts: Cheá taïo, saûn
xuaát.
face n. front, visible or working
surface of a part (such as a
valve) or a tool (such as a
hammer): Phaàn phía tröôùc, beà
maët, beà ngoaøi.
z facelift n. minor styling
modifications made to a car
model which may be
approaching the end of its useful
life, intended to improve the
appearance and thus boost sales
with minimum cost, including
such features as restyled
headlights, larger taillights,
added trim and spoilers: Söï taïo
daùng xe ñeå baùn
126
ñoåi kieåu daùng.
facia n. = FASCIA : Baûng ñoàng hoà
trong xe.
factory adjusted a. set by the works
when the vehicle is built (and not
to be altered): ñaõ ñieàu chænh ôû
nôi laép raùp.
fade n. = BRAKE FADE: Söï tröôït
phanh.
z fader n. device which
adjusts the sound balance of
front and rear speakers in a four-
speaker layout: Thieát bò ñieàu
chænh söï caân baèng aâm thanh.
z fading n. (a) loss of
brightness or colour in a part
finish: Söï môø daàn, nhaït ñi.
(b) = BRAKE FADE
failsafe system n. system which
remains safe even when part of
it fails, such as a dual-circuit
brake system: Heä thoáng döï
phoøng.
fair v. to add a fairing to a body:
Laøm nhaün, laøm phaúng.
z fairing (panel) n. additional
streamlined body panel placed
over a projecting part, or an
integral panel also designed to
give minimum drag: Söï laøm
nhaün vaø thon thaân xe.
family car n. car suitable for
transporting a family, usually a
four-door saloon or hatchback:
Loaïi xe oâtoâ gia ñình.
fan n. device with a number of
blades mounted in a central hub,
which can move air as it turns:
Caùi quaït.
fan belt n. originally and logically,
fan blade
the V-belt used to drive the
engine fan from a pulley on the
front of the crankshaft, which
also drives the dynamo or
alternator and in some cases the
water pump: Daây ñai keùo quaït.
fan blade n. part of the fan
projecting at an angle from the
central hub, which draws the air
through the radiator: Caùnh quaït.
z fan clutch n. clutch by
means of which the fan can be
engaged and disengaged
according to engine temperature,
usually operated automatically
by a thermostat: Ly hôïp quaït.
z fan cooling n. type of air
cooling where a blower is
responsible for transporting the
amount of air required for the
cooling of the engine past the
cooling fins, which in turn
dissipate the heat stored in them
to the current of air flowing past
them: Quaït laøm maùt ñoäng cô.
z fan pulley n. pulley on the
hub of the radiator fan on which
its driving belt runs: Puly quaït
laøm maùt.
fascia n. (a) = INSTRUMENT
PANEL: Tableau, baûng ñoàng hoà.
(b) US panel forming part of the
external trim, such as that below
the bumper: Baêng, daûi.
z fast charger n. battery
charger, which can charge a
battery at a rate of 40 amps or
even more, used by garages and
battery suppliers: Saïc nhanh.
z fast idle n. higher than
normal tickover speed of an
engine when cold with the choke
127
fatigue test
in operation: Söï caàm chöøng
nhanh.
z fast idle cam = cam in a
carburettor, which opens the
throttle slightly when the choke
is brought into operation, either
automatically or mechanically:
Cô caáu cam ñieàu khieån caàm
chöøng nhanh (cheá hoøa khí)
z fast idle screw = screw on a
carburettor for adjusting the fast
idle speed: Vít chænh toác ñoä
caàm chöøng nhanh.
z fast idle solenoid = solenoid
operating in conjunction with an
automatic choke to open the
throttle slightly when the choke
is in operation: Van ñieän ñieàu
khieån toác ñoä caàm chöøng nhanh.
z fast lane n. outside lane on a
motorway used by fast-moving
traffic for over-taking: Laøn xe
cao toác.
fatigue n. weaking of a material
subjected to high stresses, which
may crack or even break as a
result: Söï moûi.
z fatigue limit = maximum
stress that a material can endure
for an infinite number of stress
cycles without breaking: Giôùi
haïn moûi.
z fatigue resistance or
strength = maximum stress that
a material can endure for a given
time without breaking: Ñoä beàn
moûi.
z fatigue test = test on a
material to determine the range
of stress it will stand without
failing, by subjecting it to rapidly
varying stresses to establish its
fault
fatigue limit: Söï kieåm tra ñoä
beàn moûi.
fault n. defect which is either
inherent in the vehicle as built
(manufacturing fault) or which
occurs during: Söï coá, loãi, hö
hoûng.
z fault diagnosis = tracing of
faults, greatly aided on many
modern vehicles by the use of an
in-built diagnostic system and an
engine analyzer: Söï chaån ñoaùn
hö hoûng.
z fault memory = part of the
electronic control unit and of the
diagnostic system that stores
faulty conditions to facilitate
vehicle diagnosis: Boä nhôù loãi.
z fault reader = device to be
used in conjunction with the
vehicle’s diagnostic system,
providing a read-out of the
values measured, etc.: Thieát bò
ñoïc maõ loãi, hö hoûng.
FE analysis n. = FINITE-ELEMENT
ANALYSIS: Giaûi tích phaàn töû
höõu haïn
featheredge n. border of a repair
area to which filler has been
applied, which has been sanded
to merge imperceptibly into the
undamaged area: vuøng sôn daëm
feathering n. very gently pressing
on the throttle or brake pedal :
Ñaïp nheï (vaøo baøn ñaïp ga,
phanh)
feather key n. key with parallel
faces whose ends may be round
or square: Chìa khoùa mieäng.
Federal engine n. US engine
meeting Federal emission
standards and certified by the
128
feedback carburettor (FIB)
EPA for use in any state except
California: Ñoäng cô ñuû tieâu
chuaån khí thaûi cho toaøn lieân
bang.
z Federal Test Procedure
(FTP) n. US method of testing
automotive emissions simulating
typical driving conditions : Quy
trình kieåm tra khí thaûi Myõ.
Feùdeùration Internationale de I’
Automobile (FIA) n.
international umbrella motoring
organization to which national
motoring organizations are
affiliated: Hieäp hoäi oâ toâ quoác teá
Feùdeùration Internationale du Sport
Automobile (FISA) n. the
international governing body of
motor sport: Hieäp hoäi oâ toâ theå
thao quoác teá
feed 1 v. to supply (fuel, oil, current,
etc. ): Cung caáp, naïp.
2 n. supply of fuel, oil, current,
etc.: Söï cung caáp, naïp.
z feed line or pipe = pipe
supplying a liquid or gas :
Ñöôøng oáng cung caáp.
z feed pump = pump supplying,
for example, fuel in regulated
quantities: Bôm nhieân lieäu, bôm
cung caáp.
z feedback n. information in
the from of a signal from a
sensor, which is then used in a
closed loop system to regulate
the mixture strength, for
example: Söï phaûn hoài, hoài tieáp
(trong ñieàu khieån kín)
z feedback carburettor (FIB)
= carburettor regulated by a
closed loop system providing the
air/ fuel mixture quality needed
feed back control
to operate a catalytic converter:
Boä cheá hoaø khí ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
hoãn hôïp theo chu trình kín
baèng tín hieäu phaûn hoài.
z feedback control = CLOSED-
LOOP CONTROL : Söï ñieàu
khieån theo chu trình kín.
z feeler gauge n. tool with
metal feeler blades or wire
feelers of various thicknesses for
measuring small distances and
gaps between components, e.g.
valve clearances or gaps
between sparking plug
electrodes or contact breaker
points : Côõ laù (ño khe hôû)
z feeler blade = thin blade of
spring steel of an exact thickness
for measuring small gaps or
clearances between parts,
usually made in sets of various
thicknesses pinned together at
one end to form a feeler gauge :
Mieáng côõ laù.
z feeler strip = metal strip of a
specific thickness from which
single feeler blades can be cut,
appropriate when frequent
measuring is required, to avoid
using worn blades : Laù côõ rôøi
female a. fitting inside another part,
usually where two parts form a
connection of some kind: Ñaàu
caùi (giaéc ñieän).
z female thread = internal
thread : Ren trong.
fender n. (a) US = WING : Veø xe.
(b) = BUMPER : Taám chaén.
Ferguson four-wheel drive
(transmission) n. transmission
system in which power is
distributed through a special
129
field coil
viscous coupling differential,
37% to the front wheels and 63%
to the rear wheels : Söï truyeàn
ñoäng xe hai caàu kieåu Ferguson.
ferrous a. containing iron: Coù chöùa
saét.
festoon bulb n. light bulb in the form
of a small glass tube with caps at
each end providing the contacts :
Boùng ñeøn 2 ñaàu caém
FF headlight n. free-form headlight
using a free-shape reflector :
Ñeøn ñaàu hình daùng thanh nhaõ.
F-head engine n. engine design with
overhead inlet and side exhaust
valves : Ñoäng cô coù ñöôøng naïp
phía treân vaø ñöôøng thaûi naèm
beân hoâng ñoäng cô, ñoäng cô kieåu
F.
fibreglass n. material made from
fine glass strands matted or
woven and bonded with a
synthetic resin : Sôïi thuûy tinh.
(NOTE: also called glass reinforced
plastic or GRP)
z fibreglass body = body whose
shell is moulded in one piece
from fibreglass : Thaân xe ñöôïc
laøm baèng sôïi thuûy tinh.
z fibre optics n. transmission
of information in the form of
light carried along sheathed
glass fibres, used in some engine
management systems and
malfunction warning indicators :
Sôïi quang
field coil n.= FIELD WINDING :
Cuoän daây kích töø.
z field terminal (F) n. the
input terminal on a dynamo :
Cöïc ra cuûa cuoän kích töø (maùy
phaùt)
field testing
z field testing or trial n.
testing of a vehicle or component
in more or less normal use: Söï
thöû nghieäm xe
z field winding n. part which
produces a constant-strength
magnetic field in an electric
motor or generator, the field core
being on the stator or the rotor
depending on the type of motor
or generator: Cuoän kích töø
fierceness n. tendency of a clutch to
engage suddenly so that it is
difficult to start smoothly from
rest: Giaät khi nhaû ly hôïp
fifth (gear) n. highest ratio in a five-
speed gearbox : Soá 5.
z fifth wheel n. (a) additional
wheel attached to the rear of a
vehicle being road-tested which
drives a highly accurate speed-
measuring instrument : Baùnh xe
kieåm tra , baùnh xe thöù naêm.
(b) in an articulated vehicle, the
generally circular pad at the rear
of the tractor unit on which the
front end of the trailer is
mounted and which is able to
turn when a corner is being
negotiated : Maâm moùc haäu.
fifty-fifty power split n.
arrangement in a four-wheel
drive transmission where equal
amounts of power are delivered
to the front and rear wheels : Söï
chia ñeàu coâng suaát (truyeàn
ñoäng boán baùnh )
filament n. thin, usually tungsten
wire in a light bulb which
becomes incandescent when
current is passed through it : Daây
toùc boùng ñeøn
130
filling
file n. flat or rounded tool with a
rough surface of hardened steel
for removing metal with the aim
of smoothing or shaping it : Caùi
giuõa.
z file card brush = brush with
angled wire bristles for cleaning
file threads : Baøn chaûi saét duøng
laøm saïch giuõa
z file handle = handle, now
usually of plastic, which may be
attached to the end of a file: Caùn
giuõa
filler n. (a) paste usually with a
polyester base which, when
mixed with a hardener, forms a
surface which can be sanded
smooth and is suitable for repairs
to dented or rusted bodywork :
Ma tít.
(NOTE: also called filler paste)
(b)= PRIMER FILLER : Chaát
traùm loùt.
(c) inert material added to paper,
resins, and other substances to
modify their properties and
improve quality; e.g. carbon
black used in tyre production :
Chaát phuï gia, chaát ñoän
(d) orifice into which a
liquid such as oil or petrol can be
poured : Caùi pheãu, loã chaâm
(xaêng, daàu)
z filler cap = closure which
covers a filler orifice : Naép bình
xaêng.
z filler neck = funnel-shaped
part with the filler orifice at its
top end : Coå pheãu.
z filling n. repairing of holes
or dents in bodywork with filler
paste or body lead: Traùm kín
filling station
z filling station n. place where
petrol, diesel, oil and other
supplies for motorists are sold:
Traïm xaêng daàu, caây xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gas
station)
fill plug n. small screw-in plug in the
steering box or similar, which is
removed for topping up with oil :
Nuùt chaâm daàu
fill up v. to refill the fuel tank : Söï
ñoå ñaày.
film n. thin layer or coating : Lôùp
maøng moûng (sôn)
filter n. device for removing dirt or
suspended particles in a liquid or
in the air : Boä loïc.
z filter cartridge or element =
replaceable porous part of some
oil and most air filters, made of
paper, felt or fine wire mesh :
Ruoät boä loïc, loõi loïc.
z filter screen = piece of wire
mesh in a pipe used to collect
dirt and foreign matter: Taám
chaén boä loïc.
z filter wrench = OIL FILTER
WRENCH: Khoaù vaën loïc daàu.
filtration n. removal of dirt or
suspended particles from a liquid
or the air with the aid of a filter :
Söï loïc, caùch loïc
fin n. projecting thin flat part, such
as the cooling fins on an air-
cooled cylinder, or the large
vertical member at the rear of
some streamlined record-
breaking cars, intended to aid
directional stability : Caùnh taûn
nhieät, caùnh trao ñoåi nhieät
final drive n. assembly of gears in
the back axle of rear-wheel drive
131
finish hammer
vehicles and in the front axle of
front-wheel drive vehicles,
comprising essentially the
differential and crown wheel and
pinion, which reduce the speed
of rotation and also change its
direction: Truyeàn ñoäng cuoái
cuøng.
z final drive ratio = ratio
between the rotational speed of
the propeller shaft or drive shaft
and that of the driven road
wheel, the gear reduction being
determined by dividing the
number of teeth on the crown
wheel or ring gear by the
number of teeth on the drive
pinion : Tæ soá truyeàn ñoäng cuoái
cuøng.
fine a. (a) made of very small
particles: Laøm töø haït nhoû mòn
(b) (of a thread) having many
grooves and ridges close
together: Mòn, nhuyeãn.
finger n. narrow projecting part,
often acting as a lever and
pivoting at one end or in the
middle and pressing on another
part: Vaáu ngaøm.
z finger-tight a. tightened
only with the fingers, without
using a spanner: Vaën tay
finish 1 n. general appearance or
condition of a surface, either
painted or unpainted: Beà maët
tröôùc khi sôn
z finish coat = TOP COAT: Lôùp
sôn cuoái cuøng.
z finish hammer = hammer
used for detail work in shaping a
panel after it has been brought
roughly into the right shape: Buùa
finish restorer
laøm ñoàng
z finish restorer = slightly
abrasive polish which cuts back
and restores the colour and lustre
of dull and oxidized finishes:
Ñaùnh boùng.
finishing enamel or paint = paint for
the top coat of a painting system:
Lôùp sôn cuoái cuøng.
finite-element analysis or FE
analysis n. reduction of a
complex structure to its basic
component parts so that these
can be studied in a computer,
especially in a CAD (computer-
aided design) process: Söï phaân
tích theo phöông phaùp phaàn töû
höõu haïn.
finning n. arrangement of fins on a
surface to aid cooling by
improving the heat transfer rate,
typical found on air-cooled
engines: Boá trí caùnh taûn nhieät.
fire v. (a) to start to run: Khôûi ñoäng.
(b) to ignite (the mixture):
Chaùy, boác chaùy.
z fire applicance n. = FIRE
ENGINE: Xe cöùu hoûa.
z fireball combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber design
developed by the Swiss engineer
May and introduced on Jaguar’s
V-12 engine in 1981: Buoàng
chaùy daïng caàu.
z fire engine n. vehicle
equipped for fire-fighting with
ladders, pumps, hoses, etc.: Xe
cöùu hoûa.
z fire extinguisher n. cylinder
which can spray powder , foam
or a liquid onto a fire to put it
out: Maùy chöõa löûa, bình cöùu
132
fit
hoûa.
z firewall n. = BULKHEAD:
Vaùch ngaên.
firing n. process of igniting the
mixture in the combustion
chamber: Söï ñaùnh löûa, söï ñoát
chaùy.
z firing end = part of the
sparking plug extending into the
combustion chamber: Ñaàu ñieän
cöïc bougie.
z firing order = sequence of
igniting the air/ fuel mixture in
the cylinders of a multi-cylinder
engine: Thöù töï ñaùnh löûa.
z firing stroke = POWER
STROKE: Thì sinh coâng.
First-aid kit n. box containing
bandages, antiseptic ointment
and other basic medical
requirements for treating
injuries: Hoäp sô caáp cöùu.
z first (gear) n. lowest gear
available in the gearbox, which
in fact gives the highest ratio of
engine speed to road speed, and
consequently the highest torque
at the driven wheels, and so is
used for starting and climbing
very steep hills: Soá 1, soá chaäm
nhaát vaø maïnh nhaát.
fit 1 n. way in which two parts come
together, with varying degrees of
tightness: Söï laép raùp, söï gaén
vöøa, söï thích hôïp.
z clearance or sliding fit = parts
assembled so that there is
clearance between them or so
that one can slide in the other:
Ñoä hôû phuø hôïp.
2 v. to fix or put into place: Laép
vaøo, aên khôùp.
fittings
z fittings n. small ancillary
parts for a particular system such
as fuel lines: Caùc chi tieát nhoû.
five-cylinder engine n. engine with
five cylinders, a rate
configuration because of the
problems of balance: Ñoäng cô 5
xylanh.
z five-door a. body design
typical of estate cars and most
hatchbacks, with four side doors
and a tailgate: Xe 5 cöûa.
z five-link rear suspension n.
independent rear suspension
layout also used on live rear
axles, in which each wheel is
guided by two trailing links, two
transverse links and a common
track rod: Heä thoáng treo sau 5
thanh noái.
z five-speed gearbox or
transmission n. gearbox with
five forward speeds, the highest
of which usually functions more
as an overdrive for high-speed
cruising: Hoäp soá 5 toác ñoä.
z five-valve head n. cylinder
head with five valves per
cylinder, usually three inlet
valves and two exhaust valves:
Naép quy laùt vôùi 5 xuù paùp.
fixed-caliper disc brake n. disc
brake with a caliper which
cannot move, the caliper
consisting of two halves which
are bolted together and contain
at least one cylinder and piston
each: Boä keïp phanh ñóa coá
ñònh.
z fixed-cam brake n. drum
brake in which the cam is rigidly
mounted in the backplate: Cam
133
flame front
phanh coá ñònh.
z fixed-choke carburettor n.
carburettor in which the size of
the venturi or choke tube is
fixed, synonymous in practice
with fixed-jet carburettor: Boä
cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách
taùn khoâng thay ñoåi.
z fixed contact n. stationary
point in a contact breaker : Vít
ñe.
z fixed head n. non-
removable cylinder head, cast in
one piece with the cylinder
block; found in early internal
combustion engines: Naép quy
laùt coá ñònh (dính lieàn vôùi loác
maùy)
z fixed-jet carburettor n.
most common type of
carburettor, in which the jets and
the choke are of a fixed size: Boä
cheá hoøa khí vôùi loã tia khoâng
ñoåi.
(NOTE: opposite is variable-jet
carburettor)
flag down v. to stop (a vehicle) with
a hand signal in an emergency:
Vaãy tay döøng xe
flagship model n. prestige model,
the top model of a
manufacturer’s range: Kieåu xe
haøng ñaàu, kieåu xe haïng nhaát.
flake (off) v. (of paint) to come or
peel off in thin pieces (flakes):
Bong troùc ra.
z flaking n. tendency of a
paint film to lift away from the
underlying surface: Söï boâng
troùc.
flame front n. edge of the
combustion flame spreading
flame glow plug
from the sparking plug, which
should move in a controlled
pattern across the cylinder,
rather than simply exploding
immediately: Maøng löûa
z flame glow plug n. glow
plug that preheats the intake air
by burning a small quantity of
precisely metered fuel: Bougie
xoâng maùy ñoát daàu ñeå haâm noùng
khí naïp.
z flame trap n. device
consisting of a valve or similar,
preventing the escape of ignited
blowback gases, usually located
in the hose or pipe leading from
the crankcase to the inlet tract:
Van choáng khí chaùy
flange n. flat outside edge or rim of
a part, by which it is often
attached to another part: Meùp
nieàng, vaønh baùnh xe.
z flange bolt = bolt with a
flanged head: Buloâng ñaàu coù gôø.
z flange joint = coupling
between two shafts formed of
two disc-shaped flanges on the
ends of the shafts which are
bolted to one another: Khôùp noái
voøng khuyeát.
z flange-type puller = puller
with legs that fit behind a flange
on a hub or similar: Caõo nhieàu
chaân
flanged a. with flanges: Coù gôø, coù
bích, coù meùp.
z flanged head = bolt head
under which is a flange: Ñaàu
buloâng coù maët bích.
z flanger n. tool for making a
flange: Maùy gaáp meùp.
z panel flanger see JOGGLER:
134
flash point
Thieát bò taïo vaáu.
flank n. (a) side of a screw thread,
rising from the bottom of the
groove to the top of the ridge:
Phía beân hoâng ren vít
(b) one of the two flat parts of
the face of a cam: Maët beân
hoâng cam
flap n. flat piece of material attached
along one side, often by a hinge
and thus forming a small door for
shutting off an aperture: Caùi
naép.
z flaring tool n. tool used to
spread or form flares on pipe or
tubing ends, for example, when
servicing brake, fuel and cooling
systems on vehicles: Duïng cuï
loe oáng.
flash v. (a) to use one’s direction
indicator: Laøm nhaáp nhaùy.
(b) to switch one’s headlights
on and off quickly: Chôùp pha
flashback n. = BLOWBACK : Noå
doäi.
z flasher n. flashing direction
indicator: Cuïc chôùp.
z flasher unit = electronic
switch apparatus controlling the
operation of the direction
indicators, including their rate of
flash; self-cancelling when the
steering wheel is returned to the
straight-ahead position: Cuïc
chôùp ñieän töû.
z flashover n. HT current
which short-circuits over the
exterior portion of the sparking
plug insulator: Söï ñaùnh thuûng
lôùp caùch ñieän (bougie)
z flash point n. lowest
temperature at which vapours
flash time
from a volatile fuel will ignite
momentarily on the application
of a small flame under specified
conditions: Nhieät ñoä chaùy thaáp
nhaát
z flash time n. time required
for most of the solvent to escape
from a freshly applied paint coat:
Thôøi gian khoâ sôn
flat 1 a. (a) (of battery) completely
discharged, so that it cannot turn
the engine and the lights are at
best very dim: Heát ñieän.
(b) (of tyre) completely
deflated, especially as the result
of a puncture or a leaky valve:
Loáp xì hôi, loáp beïp
z flat file n. tapered file cut on
all faces and with rectangular
cross section, for shaping metal:
Caùi giuõa baèng (daïng tieátdieän
chöõ nhaät)
z flat hump n. raised and
flattened portion on the bead
seat of some wheel rims which
retains the beads of an
insufficiently inflated tyre on the
bead seat, thereby preventing
the tyre beads from jumping into
the rim well: Gôø noåi baèng treân
nieàng xe.
z flat-nose(d) pliers n. most
common type of pliers in which
the ends of the jaws are cut off
short: Kìm moû baèng.
flat pente n. raised portion on the
bead seat of some wheel rims
which retains the tyre beads of
an insufficiently inflated tyre on
the bead seat, thereby
preventing the beads from
jumping into the rim well: Gôø
135
flex arm suspension
noåi baèng treân nieàng xe.
flat seat n. seat of a sparking plug
which is sealed by means of a
gasket: Bougie ñeá baèng (coù loâng
ñeàn)
z flat spot n. (a) point during
acceleration at which the engine
hesitates and stops accelerating
for an instant : Ñieåm giaät khi
taêng toác (ñoäng cô)
(b) flattened area on a tyre
(especially a racing tyre), usually
caused by a locking brake: Veát
moøn phaúng (voû xe)
z flat tappet n. tappet with a
flat contact surface towards the
cam lobe: Con ñoäi thuyû löïc coù
maët tieáp xuùc vôùi cam phaúng
z flat-tip screwdriver n. =
flatbladed screwdriver: Tuoác nô
vít deïp
z flat-top (ped) piston n.
piston with a crown which is flat
and not domed: Piston ñaàu
baèng.
z flat washer n. plain washer
(as opposed to a locking or
spring washer): Long ñeàn deïp,
voøng ñeäm deïp
flaw n. = DEFECT: Veát nöùt , veát
raïn.
fleet n. all the vehicles owned by a
company or other organization:
Ñoaøn xe, ñoäi xe (cuûa 1 cô quan)
z fleet car = car belonging to a
company fleet, typically one
driven by a sales representative
which has done a high mileage:
Xe cô quan
flex arm suspension n. rear axle
design with torsionally flexible
axle beam in line with the rear
flexibility
wheels and trailing links: Heä
thoáng treo sau lieân keát meàm.
flexibility n. (a) elasticity of a
material: Tính deûo cuûa vaät chaát
(b) ability of an engine to go
down to low speeds in a high
gear and pull away smoothly
without changing down, which is
governed mainly by
torquecharacteristics: Khaû naêng
chaïy toác ñoä thaáp ôû tay soá cao.
flexible a. (a) able to bend without
breaking: Meàm, deûo, deã uoán
z flexible brake pipe = pipe
connecting the wheel cylinder to
the rest of the system, which has
to flex to allow for the up and
down movement of the wheel:
OÁng daãn daàu phanh meàm
(b) (of an engine) able to go
down to low speeds in a high
gear and pull away smoothly:
Khaû naêng chaïy toác ñoä thaáp ôû
tay soá cao.
z flexible coupling n. simple
shaft coupling used where only
small angles of misalignment
between the two shafts occur, as
in a steering column, the drive
being transmitted either by
tension-stressed fabric discs or
pressurized rubber blocks: Khôùp
noái meàm.
z flexible drive n. drive
consisting of a cable in an outer
sheath, used for mainly light
applications such
speedometers, rev counters and
windscreen wipers: Söï truyeàn
ñoäng baèng daây caùp meàm.
z flexible (drive) handle
drive-handle with pivoting head
floating
for use with sockets, its length
giving good leverage and its
ability to bend giving access to
difficult locations: Caàn sieát
meàm
flexural a. referring to bending: Uoán
khuùc, cong
z flexural shock = sharp shock
its when bending, which can break
plastics: Cuù va chaïm maïnh.
flexure n. bending : Choã uoán cong
flip-top filler cap n. quick-release
filler cap, as fitted to some sports
and racing cars: Naép bình xaêng
loaïi baät leân.
flitch plate n. reinforcing plate for
chassis members or wheel
arches: Taám gia coá thaân xe
float n. hollow metal or plastic body
that floats on a liquid and
operates a valve or a rheostat, as
in a carburettor, where it is used
to maintain the correct fuel level,
or in a fuel for the fuel gauge:
Caùi phao.
z float chamber or US float
bowl = circular reservoir for
petrol forming part of a
carburettor, in which a float
maintains the desired level by
rising as the level of the fuel
rises and closing the needle
valve in the float chamber cover
to shut off the supply: Bình giöõ
möïc, buoàng phao.
z float needle = needle in the
as needle valve which rises with
the float and shuts off the fuel
supply when it reaches its seat:
Kim phao.
n. z floating a. free to move
(within prescribed limits): Di
136
floating-caliper disc brake
chuyeån töï do (trong giôùi haïn)
z floating-caliper disc brake =
disc brake with a single piston, in
which the caliper itself can move
to bring both pads into contact
with the disc: Boä keïp phanh ñóa
di ñoäng.
z floating frame = frame which
holds the cylinder assembly and
is supported by the mounting
frame, usually made of heavy-
gauge sheet steel: Khung ñoäng
treo
z floating piston
SECONDARY PISTON: Piston
soá 2 (trong xylanh phanh
chính).
flood v. to allow too much fuel to
enter (the carburettor, the
engine): Traøn xaêng
flooded engine = engine in which too
much fuel has been drawn into
the cylinders during attempted
starting so that ignition is no
longer possible: Ñoäng cô bò
ngoäp xaêng.
floor n. flat base panel of a vehicle:
Saøn xe.
z floor (gear) change =
gearchange with the gear lever
mounted on the floor: Caàn sang
soá ñaët treân saøn xe
z floor mat = additional loose
rubber or carpeting mat on the
car floor: Thaûm loùt saøn.
US floor shift = FLOOR
(GEAR) CHANGE
z floorpan n. generally
synonymous with floor, but can
mean the whole platform on
which the body is built up: Saøn
xe.
fluid clutch or fluid coupling
flow n. passing of liquid or current
through something, also the
amount conveyed: Doøng, luoàng,
löu löôïng.
z flow control = regulation of
the amount of fluid passing
through a pump, especially
important under changing
operating conditions: Söï ñieàu
khieån löu löôïng.
z flow detachment = deviation
of the gas flow into the cylinder
from its ideal path, thus losing its
= stability, caused by swirl and/ or
improper combustion chamber
design etc.: Söï laøm treäch
höôùng doøng chaûy.
flow rate = amount of liquid
conveyed by a pump per unit of
time: Toác ñoä doøng chaûy, löu
löôïng bôm
z flowmeter n. meter
indicating the amount of liquid
passing through, used for
instance to supply information to
a fuel consumption indicator:
Löu löôïng keá, löu toác keá.
fluid n. substance which flows, e.g. a
liquid or a gas: Chaát loûng.
z fluid capacities = amounts of
oil, water and fuel required to fill
the sump, gearbox, axle,
radiator, fuel tank, etc: Dung
tích bình chöùa (xaêng, daàu hoäp
soá)
z fluid clutch or fluid coupling
= hydraulically acting coupling
by which power can be
transmitted, used as an automatic
clutch with a driving and a
driven rotor revolving in oil
which acts as the transmission
137
fluid flywheel
medium: Ly hôïp thuûy löïc, khôùp
noái thuûy löïc.
z fluid flywheel = kind of fluid
coupling in which the flywheel is
the driving rotor: Baùnh ñaø daãn
ñoäng baèng thuûy löïc.
z fluid level warning indicator
= warning light on the instrument
panel which comes on when the
level of hydraulic fluid in the
braking system is too low: Ñeøn
chæ baùo möïc daàu thaéng
flush 1 a. level with the surrounding
surface:Ngang baèng, baèng
phaúng.
z flush-mounted speaker =
speaker mounted in a cutout in
the interior trim so that it does
not project out: Loa ñöôïc laép
chìm.
(NOTE: opposite is surface-
mounted speaker)
2 v. to clean out (the engine,
gearbox, radiator, etc. ) by
running a special liquid through
it: Laøm saïch baèng caùch phun
chaát loûng
z flushing oil = thin oil for
cleaning out the sump, oil ways,
etc: Daàu laøm saïch.
flux n. chemical used in soldering
and welding to prevent
oxidizing: Chaát cho vaøo khi
haøn ñeå choáng oxi hoaù
flylead n. short lead with a terminal
at the end fitted to a component
as supplied: Ñaàu noái.
z fly nut n. = WING NUT:
Ñai oác coù caùnh (oác böôùm)
z flyweight n. weight such as
that in a centrifugal advance
mechanism which is thrown
138
Foettinger coupling
outwards by centrifugal force as
speed increases: Quaû vaêng,
troïng löôïng ly taâm
z flywheel n. heavy metal
wheel that is attached to the
crankshaft and rotates with it,
helping to smooth out the power
surges from the engine power
strokes and serving as a
mounting for the clutch: Baùnh
ña.
z flywheel generator = small
alternator of the rotating magnet
type attached to one end of the
crankshaft and spinning with it,
acting as an additional flywheel;
now only used in mopeds or
scooters: Voâ laêng töø gaén treân
xe maùy.
z flywheel magneto = magneto
mounted in the flywheel of a
small engine, often a two-stroke:
Voâ laêng töø.
z flywheel ring gear =
STARTER RING GEAR: Voøng
raêng baùnh ñaø.
z flywheel turner = special tool
used for hand cranking of the
engine while working on
clutches, gearbox, etc. or doing
jobs that require the crankshaft
to be in a specific position;
consists of a handle and lever to
hook into the starter ring teeth:
Duïng cuï quay baùnh ñaø.
FM = FREQUENCY MODULATION:
Soùng FM ( radio)
foaming n. formation of bubbles in
the oil of a gearbox, back axle or
shock absorber, etc: Söï taïo boït,
söï noåi boït (cuûa daàu)
Foettinger coupling n. torque-
fog lamp
converting fluid coupling
Foettinger: Khôùp noái kieåu
Foetting.
fog lamp n. (a) (mounted at the
front) lamp giving a wide low
beam which penetrates fog, rain,
etc. and illuminates the sides of
the road: Ñeøn söông muø phía
tröôùc.
(b) (mounted at the rear) red
light of the same intensity as a
brake light: Ñeøn söông muø sau
phía sau.
folding rear seats n. rear seats in a
hatchback or estate car which
fold forwards into the footwells
to give a more or less flat
loading area: Gheá xeáp phía sau.
z folding top n. soft top of a
convertible which can be folded
away: Mui xeáp.
follow-up spark n. secondary spark
occurring when a spark is
extinguished and reignited in the
course of the spark duration,
especially if the mixture is
turbulent: Tia löûa phuï (tieáp
theo löûa chính)
foot brake n. main braking system
operated by the foot pedal:
Phanh chaân.
z foot pedal = pedal on the floor
in front of the driver, especially
the brake pedal: Baøn ñaïp
z footprint n. = CONTACT
PATCH: Veát tieáp xuùc
z foot-pound (force) n. unit of
work or energy in the old fps
system equal to the force needle
to move one pound through one
foot: Ñôn vò tính coâng cuûa moät
löïc ñeå di chuyeån 1 pound suoát 1
139
Ford
foot.
z foot pump n. tyre pump
operated by the foot: Caùi bôm
xe ñaïp chaân
z footwell n. recess in the
floor below the feet of the rear
seat occupants, but may also be
used for the space used by the
feet of people in the front of
seats: Choå ñeå chaân.
force n. any push or pull exerted on
an object, measured in newtons
(N) in the SI (international
system of units), although usage
of the superseded units based on
feet, pounds and ounces is still
frequent: Löïc, söùc.
forced circulation n. cooling system
in which a pump is used to
circulate the coolant: Söï tuaàn
hoaøn cöôõng böùc, chuyeån ñoäng
cöôõng böùc (laøm maùt)
z forced downshift n. US =
KICK-DOWN
z forced-feed lubrication n.
lubrication system as used in all
modern four-stroke engines, in
which an engine-drive pump
forces the oil through external
pipes, to the main areas of stress
in the engine: Söï boâi trôn
cöôõng böùc.
forced-induction system n. system in
which either a conventional
supercharger or a turbocharger,
or even a combination of both, is
used to increase intake pressure
and force the mixture into the
cylinders: Heä thoáng naïp cöôõng
böùc (taêng aùp)
force fit n. = PRESS FIT
Ford n. second largest car
Ford-type lug
manufacturer in the world (after
GM): Haõng xe Ford.
z Ford-type lug or terminal =
special type of battery
connection consisting of a flat
lug with nut and bolt between the
battery cables and terminal
posts: Ñaàu cöïc aéc quy kieåu
Ford.
fore and aft adjustment n.
ability to move, for example, a
seat forwards and backwards:
Khaû naêng ñieâu chænh chaïy tôùi
hoaëc lui (gheá) ñieàu chænh tôùi
tröôùc vaø sau.
forge v. to shape (metal) when hot
by hammering or similar
mechanical action: Reøn kim loaïi
z forging n. piece of forged
metal: Kim loaïi reøn
forked a. with one end in the shape
of a Y: Caùi nóa, caùi chóa, hình
chaïc.
z forked con rod = special split
con rod to take two pistons for
uniflow-scavenging two-stroke
engines with two pistons per
cylinder: Thanh truyeàn hình
chöõ Y.
z forked rocker (arm) = rocker
arm operating two valves with its
forked end: Coø moå suùpaùp hình
chaïc, hình chöõ Y
z fork-lift truck n. small
vehicle used for loading in
factories, warehouses, docks,
etc., with two arms at the front
projecting forwards which fit into
pallets and can be raised
lowered: Xe naâng haøng.
former n. shaped wooden block for
use in panel beating, on which a
140
four-link rear suspension
desired shape is produced by
hammering: Caùc ñe goã (laøm
ñoàng xe)
formula n. detailed specification,
e.g. for a particular class of
motor racing: Coâng thöùc, theå
thöùc
z Formula 1 = formula
according to which racing cars
are built for the major Grand
Prix races counting for the World
Championship: Xe ñua theå thöùc
1.
Fottinger coupling see
FOETTINGER
foul v. (a) to clog or cover (a
sparking plug) with deposits:
Ñoùng muoäi than (bougie)
(b) to get in the way of obstruct
(another part): Bò taéc ngheõn,
caûn
four-cycle a. US = FOUR-
STROKE: Boán kyø.
z four-cylinder engine n.
typical engine type used in most
small to medium-size cars and
commercial vehicles, and in
some large and powerful
motorcycles: Ñoäng cô boán
xylanh.
z four-door a. having two
doors on each side, the typical
layout for family saloons and
exective cars: Loaïi xe hôi boán
cöûa.
z four-link rear suspension n.
independent rear suspension
layout, also used on live rear
axle, in which each wheel is
guided by two control arms, one
mounted longitudinally, the other
mounted transversely or almost
four-spark ignition coil
transversely, thus providing
lateral location for the axle: Heä
thoáng treo sau vôùi 4 thanh noái.
z four-spark ignition coil n.
ignition coil with two primary
windings and one secondary
winding: Boâbin vôùi hai cuoän sô
vaø moät cuoän thöù vôùi diod cao
aùp ñeå ñaùnh löûa 4 xy lanh
z four-speed gearbox or
transmission n. gearbox with
four forward speeds: Hoäp soá 4
toác ñoä.
z four-stroke orUS four-cycle
a. operating in accordance with
the four-stroke cycle: Boán thì.
z four-stroke cycle = operating
principle of most spark ignition
and diesel engines, the four
strokes which complete the cycle
being: induction, compression,
power, and exhaust stroke: Chu
kyø ñoäng cô 4 thì.
(NOTE: compare two-stroke
cycle)
z fourth (gear) n. highest gear
in a four-speed gearbox, and
second highest in a five-speed
gearbox: Soá 4.
z four-valve a. (engine or
cylinder head) with two inlet and
two exhaust valves per cylinder
and any number of cylinders:
Boán xuù paùp.
z four-wheel drift n.
cornering technique used in
motor racing in which the car
takes the corner in an
intentionally induced sideways
slide: Tröôït boán baùnh khi quay
voøng
z four-wheel drive (4WD or
141
frame gauge
FWD) n. layout in which all
four wheels are driven , giving
better traction on slippery
surfaces such as mud or grass,
making it ideal for off-road
vehicles and also giving better
adhesion and handling for road
use: Xe boán baùnh chuû ñoäng, xe
hai caàu chuû ñoäng.
z four-wheel drive with
constant or fixed power
distribution = layout in which
the amount of power delivered to
the front and rear wheels
respectively cannot be varied: 4
baùnh chuû ñoäng vôùi söï phaân
phoái coâng suaát khoâng ñoåi
z four-wheel steering n.
steering system which steers the
rear as well as the front wheels:
Heä thoáng laùi 4 baùnh.
FPS or fps (short for) foot-pound-
second
z FPS system = former imperial
system of units, superseded by
the SI system FPS: Heä thoáng
ñôn vò ño löôøng FPS.
frame n. structure which is open in
the centre, especially a general
term referring to the underbody
backbone of the car, both for
unitary or separate chassis
designs: Khung xe.
z frame damage = type of
damage to the body that involves
damage to the structural
members of the car, usually
resulting from accident impact:
Söï hö hoûng khung xe (do ñuïng)
z frame gauge = measuring
instrument for determining car
body misalignment: Thieát bò ño
frameless
söï leäch khung xe
z frameless a. having no
frame: Khoâng coù khung.
z frameless construction =
unitary construction: Caáu truùc
khoâng khung, khoâng giaøn, caáu
truùc ñôn nhaát.
z frameless window = window
in an opening door which is not
entirely surrounded by a frame:
Cöûa kính khoâng khung.
z frame member n. any box-
section member which forms part
of the structural components of
the vehicle chassis: Thanh noái
khung xe.
z frame structure n. all
structural parts of the car which
contribute to the rigidity of the
body, both for unitary designs
and for cars with a separate
chassis: Keát caáu khung xe.
franchised dealer n. = Ñoä roäng baêng taàn, daõi ñaøi
AUTHORIZED DEALER: Ñaïi
lyù uûy quyeàn mua baùn.
freeway n. American type of
multiple-lane motorway without
toll charges, with over-passes or
underpasses at all intersections
and with fully controlled access
for intersecting roads, and a
speed limit of typically 60 mph:
Ñöôøng cao toác, xa loä.
z freewheel (ing) hub n. type
of hub fitted to the front axle of
some four wheel drive vehicles,
in which the drive to the front
wheels can be disconnected
when the front axle is not being
driven: Loaïi truïc baùnh xe trong
truyeàn ñoäng 4 baùnh cho pheùp
khoâng truyeàn ñoäng ñeán caàu
142
frequency valve
tröôùc
frenching n. shaping the surrounds
of headlights, tail lights, number
plate frames, etc. into a smooth
contour when customizing, so
that the actual lights, etc. recede
a little towards the interior of the
panel aperture and the chrome
bezel or other surround looks as
though it is part of the body
panel: Ñöôøng vieàn, ñöôøng bao.
Freon-12 (R-12) n. refrigerant used
in air conditioners: Chaát laøm
laïnh R-12
frequency n. in relation to a radio
station, number of cycles per
second expressed in hertz at
which it broadcasts: Taàn soá.
frequency modulation (FM) = system
of broad-casting using VHF:
Soùng FM (radio)
frequency range = BANDWIDTH:
(radio)
frequency scan button = button
which, when pressed, causes the
tuner to scan the frequencies of
the preset waveband for stations
with sufficient signal strength:
Nuùt raø, queùt taàn soá.
z frequency valve n. valve
fitted in the fuel distributor of
some vehicles with a continuous
injection system and catalytic
converter, which continually
adjusts the air/fuel ratio to
varying engine operating
conditions, being controlled by a
voltage signal supplied by the
oxygen sensor and by an ECM:
Van ñieàu chænh tyû leä hoaø khí
(phun K)
fretting corrosion
fretting corrosion n. corrosion
occurring where two surfaces are
in contact and friction results,
e.g. at mechanical joints in
vibrating structures: Söï aên moøn
do tieáp xuùc.
friction n. force which opposes the
relative motion of two bodies:
Söï ma saùt
z frictional a. caused by the
friction between moving parts:
Do ma saùt.
z friction bearing n. = PLAIN
BEARING
z friction clutch n.
conventional clutch transmitting
drive by mechanical friction, as
opposed to a fluid coupling: Ly
hôïp ma saùt.
z friction damper n. =
FRICTION SHOCK
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm xoùc kieåu
ma saùt.
z friction horsepower (FHP)
n. power consumed by frictional
losses: Coâng suaát tieâu hao do
ma saùt
z friction lining n. wear-
resistant friction material used
for clutch and brake linings: Lôùp
boá
z friction losses n. loss of
power due to friction between
the moving parts of the engine:
Toån hao coâng suaát do ma saùt
z friction pad n. = BRAKE
PAD: Boá phanh
z friction plate n. driven plate
of a clutch to which the friction
lining is attached: Ñóa ma saùt.
z friction shock absorber n.
shock absorber in which friction
143
front-axle and rear-axle split
discs are inserted at the point
where the two arms are joined,
now no longer used in car
suspensions: Boä giaûm xoùc kieåu
ma saùt.
z friction welding n. welding
process in which two surfaces
are heated by means of friction;
when melting has occurred at the
interface, pressure is maintained
to consolidate the weld during
cooling of the material: Kyõ
thuaät haøn ma saùt.
frogeye n. (informal) nickname for
the Series 1 Austin-Healey
Sprite produced from 1858-1962,
which had the headlamps
projecting above the bonnet line:
Xe coù ñeøn ñaàu kieåu maét eách.
front n. (a) front seats of a car: Phía
tröôùc.
(b) = FRONT END
z frontal crash or impact n. =
FRONT-END IMPACT: Söï va
chaïm phaàn ñaàu xe.
z front apron n. panel behind
and below the front bumper,
joining the bottom ends of the
front wings: Taám chaén phía
tröôùc.
z front axle n. axle to which
the front wheels are attached:
Caàu tröôùc.
z front-axle/ rear-axle split =
dual-circuit braking system in
which one circuit brakes the
front axle only, the other circuit
brakes the rear axle only: Phanh
ñöôïc phaân chia 2 maïch cho caàu
tröôùc vaø caàu sau.
z front-axle and rear-axle split
= dual-circuit braking system in
front bumper
which each circuit brakes both
the front axle and the rear axle:
Söï phaân chia maïch daàu cho caû
hai caàu (phanh)
z front bumper n. bumper
protecting the front of the
vehicle, combined in modern
cars with a front spoiler or air
dam: Thanh caûn phía tröôùc.
z front differential n.
differential in the front axle of a
four-wheel drive vehicle: Boä vi
sai phía tröôùc (4WD)
z front disc/ rear drum brakes
n. typical brake system layout in
less expensive cars: Loaïi phanh
troáng baùnh sau, phanh ñóa
baùnh tröôùc.
z front end n. body area
incorporating the leading edge of
the wings, the head-lights,
radiator grille and bumper, i.e.
the full area that makes up the
frontal appearance of the car:
Ñaàu xe
z front-end impact = impact as
the result of a head-on collision:
Söï va chaïm phaàn ñaàu xe
z front engine n. engine
located at the front of a vehicle
above the front suspension, the
most common layout, which may
be combined with either rear-
wheel or front-wheel drive:
Ñoäng cô ñaët phía tröôùc.
z front nose section n. front
section of car bodies that use one
single structure to make up the
front end, i.e. including the
radiator grille surround, both
wings, front apron, etc.: Phaàn
phía tröôùc ñaàu xe.
144
front-wheel drive (FWD)
z front panel n. panel joining
the front wings and forming a
mounting for the headlamps,
grille and air ducts into the
engine compartment, which is
often identical with the front
apron where no separate apron is
fitted below the front panel:
Phaàn khung tröôùc ñaàu xe
z front pillar n. = A-PILLAR:
Coät truï ngieâng phía tröôùc cuûa
khung cöûa tröôùc.
z front pipe n. first section of
the exhaust system from the
exhaust manifold to the silencer
(or front silencer where there are
two): OÁng giaûm aâm phía tröôùc.
z front seat n. seat in the front
of the passenger cabin for the
front seat passenger: Gheá tröôùc
zthe front seats = the front
passenger’s and driver’s seats:
Gheá tröôùc.
z front silencer n. first and
main silencer in an exhaust
system where there are two: Boä
giaûm aâm phía tröôùc.
z front spoiler n. air deflector
on the front of a car,
aerodynamically designed to cut
the wind resistance around the
car, for improved handling
control, stability, traction, and
better fuel economy: Taám ñieàu
chænh ñoä ngaång phía tröôùc.
z front suspension n.
assembly of linkages and springs
supporting the front wheels: Heä
thoáng treo phía tröôùc.
z front-wheel drive (FWD) n.
configuration in which the drive
is taken from the engine to the
fsh
front wheels, which propel the
vehicle: Xe caàu tröôùc chuû ñoäng.
fsh (in advertisement) = FULL
SERVICE HISTORY
FTP = FEDERAL TEST
PROCEDURE: Quy trình kieåm
tra xe lieân bang.
FTP test cycle = method of testing
automotive emissions for
compliance with emission
standards by simulating typical
driving conditions – which
differs from other test cycles
such as the European ECE test,
so that the results cannot be
compared: Chu kyø kieåm tra lieân
bang.
fuel n. substance burned as a source
of heat of power, that used in an
engine being a liquid or a gas:
Nhieân lieäu.
fuel accumulator n. device in the K-
Jetronic fuel injection system
which serves to absorb the initial
pressure surge when a fuel pump
starts: Boä tích luõy nhieân lieäu, boä
tích naêng (phun K)
fuel additive n. preparation added to
fuel to improve its properties:
Chaát phuï gia theâm vaøo trong
nhieân lieäu.
z fuel cap n. cap on the top of
the tube leading to the fuel tank:
Naép bình nhieân lieäu.
z fuel charge n. air/ fuel
mixture delivered to the
combustion chamber: Söï naïp
hoøa khí
z fuel computer n. = FUEL
CONSUMPTION INDICATOR:
Ñoàng hoà baùo möùc tieâu hao
nhieân lieäu.
145
fuel filter
z fuel consumption n. amount
of fuel used, expressed in miles
per gallon in Britain and the
USA, whereas the international
measure is litres per 100
kilometres: Löôïng nhieân lieäu
tieâu hao
(NOTE: US English is fuel
mileage)
z fuel consumption indicator =
instrument using a flowmeter to
indicate mpg at any given
moment on a journey: Ñoàng hoà
baùo möùc tieâu hao nhieân lieäu.
z fuel cut-off switch n. =
FUEL PUMP (SHUT-OFF)
SWITCH: Coâng taéc ngaét nhieân
lieäu.
z fuel distributor n. device
constituting the mixture control
unit together with the airflow
sensor: Boä phaân phoái nhieân
lieäu, boä chia xaêng (kieåu K)
z fuel economy n. = FUEL
CONSUMPTION: Tính kinh teá
nhieân lieäu.
z fuel filler flap n. usually
locking flap which has to be
opened to gain access to the fuel
cap: Naép khoùa choã ñoå xaêng daàu
z fuel filler neck = upper end of
the fuel filler tube leading down
to the fuel tank, which accepts
the fuel hose nozzle at the filling
station: Coå oáng ñoå nhieân lieäu
(töø caây xaêng)
z fuel filler tube = tube leading
down to the fuel tank: OÁng daãn
nhieân lieäu xuoáng thuøng
z fuel filter n. filter in the fuel
line intended to prevent any dirt
from passing into the carburettor
fuel gauge
or injection system: Loïc nhieân
lieäu.
z fuel gauge n. instrument
which shows the amount of fuel
in the fuel tank: Ñoàng hoà möïc
xaêng.
fuel-injected engine n. petrol
engine with a fuel injection
system rather than a carburettor
or carburettors: Ñoäng cô phun
xaêng.
z fuel injection (FI) n. system
used in all diesel engines and
most modern petrol engines, in
which fuel is sprayed under
pressure into the engine, and not
sucked as with a carburettor: Söï
phun nhieân lieäu.
z fuel injection engine = petrol
engine with a fuel injection
system: Ñoäng cô phun xaêng.
z fuel injection pump = pump
which receives fuel from the fuel
tank (often through the fuel-feed
pump in the case of diesel
engines) and delivers it under
pressure to the injectors: Bôm
cao aùp.
z fuel injector n. injector in a
fuel injection system which
sprays petrol into the inlet ports,
or diesel either directly into the
combustion chamber or into a
pre-chamber: Kim phun.
fuel line n. metal, plastic or rubber
pipe conveying fuel from the
fuel tank to the fuel pump and
carburettor or fuel injectors:
Ñöôøng oáng daãn nhieân lieäu.
z fuel mileage n. US = FUEL
CONSUMPTION: Tính kinh teá
nhieân lieäu.
146
fuel system
z fuel pressure n. pressure
under which fuel is delivered to
the injectors by the fuel pump,
governed by the pressure
regulator: Aùp suaát nhieân lieäu.
z fuel pump n. electrical or
mechanical device in the fuel
system which draws fuel from
the fuel tank and delivers it to
the carburettor or fuel injection
system: Bôm nhieân lieäu.
fuel pump (shut-off) switch = switch
which shuts off the electric fuel
pump and fuel to the engine in
the even of a major collision:
Coâng taéc caét bôm nhieân lieäu
(khi tai naïn)
z fuel rail n. manifold tube
feeding the injectors in a fuel
injection system: Ñöôøng oáng
daãn nhieân lieäu ñeán kim phun
z fuel return line n. pipe
returning surplus fuel to the tank
from the carburettor (s) or an
injector: Ñöôøng oáng hoài nhieân
lieäu.
z fuel starvation n. failure of
the fuel system to supply
sufficient fuel to allow the
engine to run properly, due to a
blockage or vapour lock or
malfunction of the fuel pump: Söï
thieáu nhieân lieäu.
z fuel supply n. delivery of
fuel to the carburettor or
injection system: Söï cung caáp
nhieân lieäu, söï tieáp vaän nhieân
lieäu.
z fuel system n. system that
delivers the fuel and air to the
engine cylinders, comprising the
fuel tank and lines, fuel pump,
fuel tank
carburettor or fuel injection
system, and inlet manifold: Heä
thoáng nhieân lieäu.
z fuel tank n. reservoir from
which fuel is taken for the
engine: Bình, thuøng nhieân lieäu.
fuel tank sender = level sensor in the
fuel tank, providing information
to the fuel gauge: Caûm bieán
möïc nhieân lieäu.
fuel vapour n. (a) atomized
air/ fuel mixture heated in the
engine, ready for combustion:
Hoøa khí vôùi nhieân lieäu ñaõ boác
hôi
(b) fumes given off by a fuel:
Boác hôi nhieân lieäu.
z fuel vapour recirculation
system = EVAPORATIVE
EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng kieåm soaùt
oâ nhieãm do hôi xaêng.
fulcrum n. point on which a part
pivots, especially a lever: Ñieåm
töïa choát quay, truïc baûn leà.
z fulcrum pin = pin which acts
as a pivot, such as a kingpin:
Truïc quay.
full bore n. = FULL THROTTLE:
Böôùm ga môû hoaøn toaøn.
z full-flow filter n. filter
through which all the oil in the
engine passes: Baàu loïc daàu.
z full load n. engine operating
conditions where the accelerator
is fully depressed, i.e. the
throttle is fully open, which does
not necessarily mean high
engine speed: Ñaày taûi (ñaïp ga
lôùn)
zfull load enrichment=
provision of a richer mixture
147
fully floating axle
when the throttle is fully opened:
Söï laøm giaøu hoãn hôïp khi ñaày
taûi.
z full lock: Goùc queïo (baùnh
xe) lôùn nhaát.
z full service history (FSH) n.
documents which show all the
work carried out on a vehicle,
especially the regular services
required by the manufacturer: Soå
baûo döôõng xe
z full-size car n. largest type
of car according to American car
categories: Loaïi xe côõ lôùn nhaát
z full throttle n. fully open
position of the throttle: Caùnh
böôùm ga môû hoaøn toaøn.
(NOTE: US English is wide open
throttle)
z at full throttle = with the
throttle fully open: Vôùi böôùm ga
môû hoaøn toaøn
z to be going full throttle or
full bore = to be going as fast as
one can, with the accelerator
fully depressed: Ñaïp heát ga.
z full throttle enrichment =
FULL LOAD ENRICHMENT:
Söï laøm giaøu khi ñaày taûi.
zfull-time four-wheel drive n.
= PERMANENT FOUR-
WHEEL DRIVE
full electronic ignition (FEI) n.
distributorless, mapped ignition
system with cylinder-selective
knock control, dwell-angle
control, and digital idling speed
stabilization: Söï ñaùnh löûa hoaøn
toaøn baèng ñieän töû (tröïc tieáp)
z fully floating axle n. live
rear axle assembly in which the
axle shafts, the total vehicle
fully galvanized body
weight and cornering
loads being transferred directly
from the wheel bearings to the
axle housing: Baùn truïc chòu taûi
hoaøn toaøn, caàu xe treo hoaøn
toaøn.
z fully galvanized body n. body
shell which, apart from
aluminium and plastic parts, is
produced entirely of double-
sided galvanized steel and
galvanizing fluid: Thaân xe ñöôïc
maï keõm hoaøn toaøn.
fumes n. evil-smelling vapours given
off by a liquid or a gas, which
may be poisonous: Hôi coù muøi
(xaêng, ga)
functional a. (a) capable of
working: Coù theå hoaït ñoäng
(b) practical, designed not for
decoration but solely with a
particular use in mind: Thieát
thöïc.
funnel n. cup-shaped object tapering
at the bottom to a small hole and
a spout, used for pouring oil, fuel
or water into relatively small
openings: Caùi pheãu
148
FWD
fuse 1 n. device containing a thin
piece of wire which melts when
the current is excessive and thus
opens the electrical circuit in
which it is placed, to protect
equipment in the circuit: Caàu
chì.
2 v. (a) to melt, and (sometimes)
become united in the process:
Tan ra, chaûy ra.
(b) (of electrical equipment) to
fail as the result of a fuse
blowing: Khoâng hoaït ñoäng do
ñöùt caàu chì
z fuse box n. unit with a
removable cover that holds the
fuses for the various electrical
circuits, which are all routed
through it: Hoäp caàu chì.
FWD = FRONT-WHEEL DRIVE or
(less commonly) FOUR-WHEEL
DRIVE: Xe caàu tröôùc chuû ñoäng
hoaëc xe hai caàu chuû ñoäng.
g garage
Gg
g (symbol for) acceleration of free fall
due to gravity: Gia toác troïng
tröôøng.
gage n. US=GAUGE: Maùy ño, söï ño
ñaïc
gaiter n. BOOT (b): Voû chuïp, voû
chaén buïi.
gal (short for) GALLON
GALFAN: trademark for a special
type of hot-dip galvanized steel
sheet with a coating consisting of
a zinc alloy containing 5%
Aluminium and rare earths: Teân
thöông maïi cuûa moät loaïi theùp
traùng keõm chöùa nhoâm
Gallon n. unit of capacity: gallon -
Ñôn vò ño dung tích.
(NOTE: 1 British gallon (UK gal)
= 4.546 litres; 1 US gallon (US
gal) = 3.785 litres)
Galvalume trademark for a special
type of hot-dip galvanized steel
sheet with a coating consisting of
55% Aluminium, 43.4 % Zinc and
1.6% Silicon: Thöông hieäu cuûa
moät loaïi theùp traùng.
galvanic a. concerned with an
electrical current: Lieân quan ñeán
doøng ñieän, gavanic.
z galvanic cell = cell which
converts chemical energy into
electrical energy by irreversible
chemical reactions: Pin ñieän.
z galvanic corrosion = corrosion
due to the action of a galvanic: Söï
aên moøn ñieän hoùa.
galvanize v. to plate with zinc by hot
dipping or electrodeposition (to
protect from rust): Maï keõm
149
z galvanized coating = zinc
(based) coating applied by
galvanizing: Lôùp keõm maï
z galvanizing n. application of
zinc coatings on the surface of a
metal, by hot dipping or
electrodeposition: Söï maï
z galvanizing bath = bath for
hot-dip galvanizing or
electrogalvanizing: Boàn maï
galvannealing n. thermal process
which gives improved adhesion to
hot-dip galvanized steel sheets:
Quaù trình nung tröôùc khi maï ñeå
taêng ñoä baùm
gamma layer n. part of the zinc-iron
alloy layer on hot-dip galvanized
iron and steel containing 21-28%
iron: Lôùp maï gamma (Zn-Fe).
gantry n. structure with an overhead
beam, used for lifting out an
engine: Caàn truïc nhaác ñoäng cô
(ra khoûi xe).
gap n. space between two parts,
especially between electric
points: Khe hôû, ñoä hôû.
z gap bridging = formation of
carbon or other deposits across the
sparking plug gap which shorten
the plug: Söï ñoùng chaáu bougie.
z gap style = the arrangement of
electrodes in a parking plug: Caùc
kieåu boá trí ñieän cöïc bougie
z gapper n. us (informal)=
FEELER GAUGE: Côõ laù.
garage 1 n. (a) building in which to
keep a motor vehicle (b) premises
on which motor vehicle are
repaired or serviced and/ or where
fuel is sold: Garage, nhaø ñeå oâtoâ.
garaged
2 v. to keep in a garage: Giöõ oâtoâ
trong garage.
z garaged a. kept in a garage:
Giöõ trong garage.
(NOTE: in advertisements, often
abbreviated to gar’d)
z garage jack n. powerful
hydraulic jack used in garages:
Caàu naâng thuûy löïc duøng trong
garage.
garter spring n. long, thin coil spring
with ends joined to form a ring:
Loø xo troøn (trong baïc nhôùt)
gas n. (a) state of matter, like air,
which has no definite shape or
volume (b) mainly US (short for)
gasoline: Khí, khí ñoát, xaêng
z step on the gas = put your foot
down on the accelerator, i.e. go
faster: Taêng ga.
z gas chamber n. pressure
chamber of a single-tube shock
absorber: Buoàng aùp suaát cuûa
giaûm xoùc 1 oáng.
z gas damper n. gas shock
(absorber): Boä giaûm chaán khí.
gas discharge headlight n. motor
vehicle headlight with a gas
discharge lamp: Ñeøn ñaàu cao aùp
(loaïi neùn khí)
z gas discharge lamp =
discharge lamp in which light is
generated by gas discharge: Boùng
ñeøn saùng nhôø phoùng khí
Gaseous a. referring to gas: Theå khí.
z gaseous discharge headlight
or lamp = GAS DISCHARGE
HEADLIGHT or LAMP: ñeøn
ñaàu hoaëc boùng ñeøn khí
z gas flow n. flow of the air /fuel
mixture or the exhaust gases in an
engine: Doøng khí (hoøa khí hoaëc
150
gas station
khí thaûi)
gas guzzler n. (informal US) car that
uses a lot of petrol: Söï hao xaêng.
gasket n. seal: Ñeäm kín, roong.
z gasket punch = tool used to cut
holes in gaskets and other soft
materials: Caùi ñoät loã roong.
z gasket scraper = scraper with
a chisel edge for scraping
surfaces clean before installing
new gaskets such as water-pump,
cylinder head, crankcase or
timing chain cover gaskets: Duïng
cuï caïo roong.
gasohol n. a gasoline/ alcohol blend
containing 10% ethanol and 90%
unleaded petrol: Hoãn hôïp xaêng
vaø coàn.
gasoline n. US = PETROL: Xaêng.
gas pedal n. US = ACCELERATOR:
Baøn ñaïp ga.
gas prop n. gas-assisted strut (e.g. of
hatch, tailgate): Truï choáng trôï
löïc khí (cöûa ñuoâi)
gas pump n. US = PETROL PUMP:
Bôm xaêng.
gas shock (absorber) n. gas-assisted
shock absorber: Boä giaûm chaán
khí.
gas spring n. pressurized, nitrogen-
filled sphere, used in Hydragas
and hydropneumatic suspension
systems: Loø xo (ñeäm) khí (heä
thoáng treo)
gassing n. the formation of explosive
gas in the form of small bubbles in
a battery when charging continues
after the battery has been
completely charge: Söï suûi boït
khí baùo naïp no
gas station n. US = FILLING
STATION, PETROL STATION:
gas-tight
Traïm (caây) xaêng.
gas-tight n. sealed to prevent the
passage of gas: Söï laøm kín khí.
gas welding n. welding process widely
used in body repair shops (now
being gradually replaced by MIG
welding): Kyõ thuaät haøn gioù ñaù,
haøn hôi.
(NOTE: also called oxyacetylene
welding)
gate n. slotted plate in the shape of an
H, controlling the movements of a
gear lever in a sliding mesh
geaxbox (pre-1930s): Taám daãn
höôùng caàn sang soá.
gauge or US gage n. (a) tool for
checking whether clearances
between parts, or the shape and
dimensions of pieces being
worked comply with specified
tolerance requirements: Duïng cuï
ño
(b) instrument for measuring a
quantity; typical gauge are fuel
level, coolant temperature, and oil
pressure gauges on an instrument,
and oil pressure gauges on an
instrument panel and oil pressure
gauges to measure the pressure of
air in a tyre: ñoàng hoà ño
(c) the thickness or diameter of
various materials such as wire or
sheet metal: beà daøy hoaëc ñöôøng
kính
GAWR = GROSS AXLE WEIGHT
RATING: xeáp loaïi toång troïng
löôïng truïc xe
G-clamp n. screw-activated clamping
device in the shape of a G: Caùi
keïp hình chöõ G.
gear n. (a) toothed wheel connecting
with another wheel of different
151
gear level
diameter to change the power
ratio of the engine: Baùnh raêng.
z gears = arrangement of gear-
wheel working together: Boä baùnh
raêng.
(b) one of the combination of
gear; (a) in a gearbox that a driver
selects to impart motion to a car:
Hoäp soá.
z gearbox n. metal casing for the
gear (a) assembly: Hoäp soá.
(NOTE: US English is gearcase
or transmission)
z gearbox input shaft = shaft
which transmits power from the
clutch to the gearbox: Ñaàu truïc
vaøo hoäp soá.
z gearbox output shaft = shaft
which transmits the drive out of
the gearbox: Ñaàu truïc ra hoäp soá.
z gearcase n. US= GEARBOX:
Hoäp soá.
z gearchange n. process of
changing gears: Söï sang soá.
(NOTE: US English is shifting)
z gearchange cables = cables
that in rare cases operate the
gearbox; normally a system of
rods and joints (linkages) are used:
Daây caùp sang soá.
z gearchange linkage or
mechanism = systems of rods and
joints used to operate the gearbox:
Cô caáu sang soá.
z gear knob n. knob at the end of
a gear lever: Nuùt baám sang soá
(treân caàn soá)
z gear level or gearstick = stick
used by the driver to change to
gear in a manual gearbox: Caàn
soá.
(NOTE: US English is gearshift,
gear oil
shifter, shift lever)
z gear oil n. motor oil used in
gear boxes and final drives;
usually of higher viscosity than
engine oil: Daàu hoäp soá.
z gear puller n. puller with two or
more jaws and pressure screw for
pulling off gears, bearing, pulleys,
etc.: Caõo thaùo baùnh raêng, puli
Gear pump or gear-type oil pump n.
simplest oil pump with two gear
wheels: Bôm baùnh raêng.
gear range n. choice of gears in an
automatic gearbox; the typical
gear ranges are: P-Park, R-
Reverse, N- Neutral, D-Drive, L-
Low: Daõy soá, tay soá (hoäp soá töï
ñoäng)
gear ratio n. the number of
revolutions of driving gear
required to turn a driven gear
through one complete revolution:
Tæ soá truyeàn baùnh raêng.
gear selector n. lever that selects the
gear in an automatic gearbox:
Caàn soá trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng
gear selector indicator = indicator
positioned in the instrument
cluster or on the centre console
shift gate indicating which gear
has been selected in an automatic
gearbox: Ñeøn baùo soá.
z gearshift n. US = general purpose pliers n. any kind of
GEARCHANGE: Söï sang soá.
z gearstick n. (informal) = GEAR
LEVER: Caàn soá.
z gear tooth n. indentation on the
edge of a gearwheel: Raêng baùnh
raêng.
z gear train n. system of gears
that transmits drive from one shaft
to another: Söï truyeàn ñoäng baùnh
152
generate
raêng.
z gear-type oil pump n. = GEAR
PUMP: Bôm baùnh raêng.
z gearwheel n. =GEAR : Baùnh
raêng.
gel 1 n. substance like a jelly: Gel,
chaát seät.
2 v. to become a gel: Trôû neân seät.
z gelling drier n. drier for PVC
sealants: Maùy laøm khoâ nhöïa
traùm
Gemmer steering n. = CAM-AND
ROLLER STEERING: Heä thoáng
laùi Gemmer (cam vaø bi ñuõa)
general corrosion n. in contrast to
pitting, a type of corrosion which
affects the entire surface of a
metal: Söï aên moøn toaøn boä beà
maët.
General Motor (GM) n. American
vehicle manufacturer ; the largest
in the world: Coâng ty saûn xuaát
oâtoâ cuûa Myõ.
(NOTE: British subsidiary is
Vauxhall and other European
subsidiary is Opel)
general purpose lacquer thinner n.
a type of thinner that may be used
for both lacquers and synthetic
enamels without causing lifting or
other paint faults: Chaát pha sôn
ña naêng.
typical multi-purpose pliers: Kìm
ña naêng.
generate v. to produce: Phaùt ra, ñöa
ra.
z generator n. (a) any type of
automotive electric power
generator, such as an alternator or
dynamo: Maùy phaùt.
(b) US= DYNAMO
geometry
geometry n. design, layout or
arrangement of parts: Sô ñoà boá
trí.
girder spanner n. adjustable
spanner with jaws at right angles
to the handle: Moû leách.
GL (short for) Grand Luxe, meaning
more luxurious than a standard
model, L(=Luxe): Chöõ vieát taét
bieåu thò kieåu xe sang hôn xe tieâu
chuaån.
gland n. seal that stops fluid under
pressure leaking past a rotating or
reciprocating shaft or rod: Naép
ñeäm, mieáng ñeäm, voøng ñeäm kín
(ñaàu truïc).
z glandless a. without a seal:
Khoâng coù ñeäm.
z glare 1 n. strong, bright light
(e.g. from oncoming traffic): AÙnh
saùng choùi töø xe ñoái dieän
2 v. to shine too brightly; to
dazzle: Laøm choùi maét
z glass n. window pane: Kính,
cöûa
z glass area = the window
surface area of a vehicle body;
may also refer to the whole area
of the body above the waist line:
Vuøng kính, dieäân tích kính.
z US glass channel = WINDOW
CHANNEL: Raõnh ñaët kính.
z glass fibre n. a very thin glass
thread, used loosely or in woven
form as an acoustic, electrical, or
thermal insulating in laminated
plastics: Sôïi thuûy tinh.
z glass holder n. tool with
suction cup(s) to hold and carry
glass: Duïng cuï giöõ kính baèng
cheùn aùp thaáp
z glasspaper n. abrasive paper
153
glow
coated with particles of glass,
used for smoothing and polishing :
Giaáy nhaùm mòn.
z glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
n. the basic material for the
manufacture of fibreglass body
shells and panels; it is made up of
several layers of fibreglass mat or
cloth and various types of resins:
Nhöïa ñöôïc gia coá thuûy tinh.
Glass’s Guide n. monthly publication
of second-hand car prices: Nguyeät
san quaûng caùo in giaù xe cuõ.
glass seal n. a conducting seal in the
middle of some sparking plug
insulators connecting the top and
bottom parts of the central
electrode: Ñeäm ñieän cöïc trung
taâm bougie
z glass tampering detector n.
part of a vehicle alarm system that
detects glass being struck or
broken: Caûm bieán baùo vôõ kính
(heä thoáng baùo ñoäng).
glaze n. smooth, polished surface: Söï
nhaün boùng.
z glaze breaker = CYLINDER
HONE: Ñaù maøi xy lanh..
glazing n. glass fitted (or to be fitted)
in a window: Söï laép kính (cöûa)
z glazing strip = moulded rubber
strip for mounting windscreens
and other fixed glass: roong
kính.
gloss n. shine on a surface; lustre:
Nöôùc boùng , nöôùc laùng.
glove compartment or US glovebox
n. small compartment in the
dashboard for sundry objects:
Hoäp ñöïng ñoà, ngaên chöùa gaêng
tay.
glow v. to burn without flames:
glow coil
Xoâng, haâm noùng (khoâng coù ngoïn
löûa)
z glow coil n. filament in a glow
plug: Daây toùc cuûa bougie xoâng.
z glow pencil n. pencil-like
heating element of a sheathed-
type glow plug: Ñaàu bougie xoâng
daïng buùt chì
glow plug n. the most important
component in a preheating system
of a diesel engine, used to preheat
the intake air or the combustion
chamber when the engine is cold:
Bougie xoâng maùy.
(NOTE: also called heater plug)
z glow plug indicator =
monitoring element in a preheater
system, which changes the colour
of its filament in line with the
plug and indicating readiness for
starting: Ñeøn baùo xoâng maùy.
z glow plug / starter switch =
key switch for turning on the
preheating system of a diesel
engine and starting the car: Coâng
taéc xoâng maùy.
glow n. preheating time of a diesel
engine: Thôøi gian xoâng tröôùc.
glow tube n. = GLOW PLUG:
Bougie xoâng maùy.
glycol see ETHYLENEGLYCOL
GM = GENERAL MOTORS: Coâng
ty oâtoâ cuûa Myõ.
go dull or flat v. to lose (the) shine:
Laøm môø, laøm ñuïc.
goggles n.protective spectacles against
dust and glare: Kính baûo hoä.
gold plating n. electrolytic deposition
of gold: Söï maï vaøng.
go off v. to begin to harden, the initial
phase of the hardening process of
154
grab
plastic body fillers: Baét ñaàu cöùng
(maùt tít)
(NOTE: US English is kick)
goose neck map light n. flexible-
stemmed map lamp: Ñeøn ñoïc
saùch xoay ñöôïc (coå ngoãng)
gouge n. a flat, relatively large dent
that has no hard contours so it can
be reshaped by shrinking using
heat or with a hammer and dolly:
Caùi ñuïc, caùi ñuïc khum (laøm
ñoàng)
governor n. (a) engine speed
regulator: Boä ñieàu toác (ñoäng cô)
(b) (automatic transmission
control) transmission regulator:
Boä ñieàu chænh hoäp soá.
governor plate n. = CONTACT
BREAKER PLATE: Maâm löûa.
governor pressure n. (automatic
transmission control) pressure that
varies in accordance with vehicle
speed and acts on the command
valves, where it opposes the
control pressure: Aùp suaát laøm
vieäc (hoäp soá).
governor valves (GV) n. (automatic
transmission control) valve which
converts line pressure into
vehicle-speed dependent
governor pressure: Van ly taâm.
governor weight n. (centrifugal
advance mechanism) =
ADVANCE WEIGHT: Troïng
löôïng ly taâm, quaû vaêng trong
delco.
grab v. (a) (brake) to come on
suddenly when the brake pedal is
pressed: Phanh ñoät ngoät
(b) (clutch) to take up the drive
suddenly when the clutch pedal is
released: Baét ñoät ngoät (giaät) khi
grab handle
nhaû ly hôïp.
(NOTE: also callde snatch)
z grab handle n. (a) part of a car
door interior used to pull the door
shut: Tay keùo capoâ beân trong.
grade n. degree of sandpaper
coarseness: Ñoä thoâ cuûa giaáy
nhaùm.
gradient n.(i) the slope or inclination
of a road (ii) a measure of this,
expressed as the ratio of height
(or drop) to horizontal distance; a
steep hill might be 1 in 4, whilst a
gradual slope might be 1 in 10:
Doác , ñoä doác.
graduated tint n. tinted stripe at the
upper edge of the windscreen:
Vaønh roong kính
grain alcohol n. ETHANOL: Coàn.
grain coarsening or grain growth n.
roughening of the surface of a
material: trôû neân xuø xì.
Grand Luxe (GL) n. GL model =
more luxurious model than a
standard: Kieåu sang troïng hôn
loaïi tieâu chuaån.
Grand Prix n. international car race
from which points are scored
towards the World Championship:
Giaûi ñua xe voâ ñòch theá giôùi.
Grand Touring or Gran Turismo see
GT
Grand Touring –injection see Gti
graph n. diagram showing the
relationship between certain
numbers or quantities in the form
of a line: Ñoà thò, bieåu ñoà.
z graphic display unit n. dash-
board panel displaying a plan of
the car with illuminated parts
representing doors left open,
lights switched on, etc.: bieåu
155
gravity-feed spray gun
töôïng xe treân tableau ñeå baùo
cöûa chöa ñoùng.
z graphic equalizer n. unit in a
car stereo system that adjusts the
audio output signal strength
separately for individual
frequency ranges; individual
frequencies can be emphasized to
compensate for specific acoustic
conditions: Nuùt chænh taàn soá aâm
thanh.
graphite n. form of carbon used in
marking brushes for motors and
generators and as a lubricant:
Grafit, than chì.
z graphite grease = heavy-duty
grease containing graphite, used
for brake cables, etc.: Môõ grafit.
z graphitic corrosion = selective
corrosion of grey cast iron,
resulting in preferential removal
of metallic constituents, leaving
graphite: Söï aên moøn gan xaùm.
grass (heat) shield n. metal shield
fitted underneath a catalytic
converter to reduce the risk of its
heat starting an accidental grass
fire: Taám chaén nhieät phía döôùi
boä xuùc taùc.
gravel gun n. equipment used to hurl
crushed stone at objects, such as
test panels, to test them for
chipping resistance: OÁng phun soûi
(ñeå kieåm nghieäm)
gravity feed n. a fuel supply layout
formerly used for two-stroke car
engines: Söï cung caáp nhieân lieäu
nhôø troïng löïc (2 kyø).
gravity-feed spray gun n. type of
spray gun, in which paint flows
downward from a container
situated on top of it, thereby
grease
reducing the amount
compressed air required: Suùng
phun sôn nhôø troïng löïc.
grease 1 n. thick, viscous lubricant for
machinery made from oil and
metallic soaps: Daàu nhôøn, môõ.
z grease gun = hand pump tool
used for lubricating with grease:
Bình bôm môõ (boùp tay)
z grease nipple = small, one-
way valve used for injecting
grease into a bearing: Nuùm ñeå
bôm môõ vaøo oå bi
2 v. to lubricate or coat with
grease: Boâi môõ, bôm môõ.
greenhouse n. (informal) GLASS
AREA: Nhaø kính.
green stage n. the initial hardening
phase during which the resin or
filler has hardened but has not yet
set solid; this occurs immediately
after the resin or filler has gone
off: giai ñoaïn ñaëc cuûa ma tít
(sôn)
grid n. in a battery, the metal plate
with holes, used as a conductor
and a support for the active
material: Taám væ baûn cöïc, löôùi.
grid-controlled ignition (system) n.
microprocessor-controlled ignition
system with electronic ignition
timing by means of an ignition
map stored in the control unit
memory: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
ñöôïc ñieàu khieån baèng vi xöû lyù.
grille n. grating that admits cooling air
to the radiator: Væ boä taûn nhieät.
grind v. to smooth or polish by friction
or abrasion: Maøi, giuõa, raø.
z grinding disc n. abrasive disc:
Ñóa maøi.
z grinding paste = abrasive
grooved compression ring
of z paste used for reseating
valves: Caùt xoaùy (suùpaùp)
z grinding wheel = abrasive
wheel used for grinding (usually a
composite of hand particles in a
resin filler): Ñaù maøi (troøn)
z grindstone n. rotating abrasive
disc for rubbing away metal and
for sharpening tools: Ñaù maøi.
grip n. adhesion of a tyre to the road
surface; important for roadholding
and safe braking: Ñoä baùm (voû xe
vôùi maët ñöôøng)
z grip in the wet = a vehicle’s
roadholding ability in the rain or
on a wet surface: Ñoä baùm trong
ñieàu kieän aåm öôùt.
grip wrench n. =LOCKING
PLIERS: Kìm baám.
grip blasting n. (a) the most popular
sandblasting process; grit is used
to clean the metal surfaces and is
available in various grades for
coarse or finer blasting on thin
steel (b) cleaning the sparking
plug electrodes by bombarding
them with abrasive particles: laøm
saïch baèng phun caùt
grit number n. classification of
sandpapers by fineness of the grit
particles: kyù hieäu phaân loaïi giaáy
nhaùm
grommet n. rubber or plastic ring
round a hole in metal (to protect a
cable or pipe): Roong buoái daây
(ñeå baûo veä daây khi ñi qua loã)
groove n. (a) any machined channel or
hollow (b) the space between
thread ridges: Ñöôøng raõnh daøi,
raõnh ren
grooved compression ring n. scraper
type piston ring: Baïc, sec maêng
156
grooving hammer
coù raõnh.
grooving hammer n. wide-nose peen
hammer: Buùa ñaàu coù raõnh.
gross axle weight rating (GAWR) n.
US maximum specified load
capacity of an axle: Taûi troïng cöïc
ñaïi cuûa caàu (truïc)
z gross vehicle weight (GVW) n.
total weight of a vehicle in any
given circumstance (i.e. with or
without passengers, luggage etc.):
Troïng löôïng toång coäng cuûa xe.
z gross weight n. = GROSS
VEHICLE WEIGHT: Troïng
löôïng toång coäng (cuûa xe)
ground n. US return path of an
electrical systems, which in a
motor vehicle is provided by the
metal body and chassis.: Daây noái
ñaát, noái mass.
(NOTE: GB English for this is
earth)
z ground clearance n. vertical
distance between level ground
and the lowest fixed item on a
vehicle: Khoaûng saùng gaàm xe.
z ground clearance control =
small level near the handbrake of
cars with hydropneumatic
suspension that allows ground
clearance to be increased for
crossing rough terrain or when
changing a wheel: Söï ñieåu
khieån khoaûng saùng gaàm xe.
z ground clearance sensor =
instrument that senses the distance
between ground and car (for self-
levelling air suspension): Caûm
bieán khoaûng saùng gaàm xe.
z ground contact area n. =
CONTACT PATCH: Vuøng tieáp
xuùc.
157
Guibo coupling
z grounding n. touching the
ground (as when a long vehicle
goes over a humpback bridge):
Söï chaïm ñaát (khi qua caàu)
growler n. electromagnetic device
used to find short circuits in coils:
Thieát bò kieåm tra söï chaäp maïch
trong cuoän daây.
grown tyre n. tyre that, with use, has
slightly increased in size: Baùnh
xe lôùn.
GRP n. = GLASS REINFORCED
PLASTIC
grub screw n. fully threaded, headless
screw: Gu roâng
GT (short for) Grand Touring or Gran
Turismo, indicating better
performance than a standard car
model: Kyù hieäu kieåu xe toát hôn
loaïi tieâu chuaån.
z Gti (short for) Grand Touring-
injection: a GT model with fuel
injection: Kieåu xe GT vôùi heä
thoáng phun nhieân lieäu.
gudgeon pin n. pin in a piston which
links the piston to the small end of
the connecting rod: Choát, aéc
píttoâng.
(NOTE: US English is piston pin,
wrist pin)
z gudgeon pin boss = the
material below the piston crown
(joined to the skirt) which carries
the gudgeon pin: Vaáu loài taïi choát
pít toâng.
z gudgeon pin circlip = circlip
used to secure the piston ring
laterally in the piston: Voøng phe
choát pít toâng.
Guibo coupling n. doughnut-shaped
type of flexible coupling Guibo:
Khôùp noái meàm.
guillotine
guillotine n. bench tool for cutting
sheet metal.: Maùy caét taám kim
loaïi.
gull-wing door n. roof-hinged door
that opens upwards; first used on
the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL in the
early 1950s : Cöûa môû ñöùng leân
treân.
gulp valve n. vacuum-controlled valve
that admits fresh air to the inlet
manifold during deceleration to
prevent backfiring in the exhaust
system; its vacuum signal is
governed by a themovalve and a
solenoid valve to ensure that the
gulp valve action does not
interfere with cold start
enrichment: Van chaân khoâng
ñieàu khieån naïp khí.
158
GVW
gum deposit n. sticky deposit that
occurs if petrol remains unused in
the tank for a period of time; the
use of detergent in petrol helps
prevent it: Söï baùm dính cuûa caën
trong thuøng xaêng khi ñeå laâu.
gun v. (informal) to press the
accelerator hard: Ñaïp ga khoù
(cöùng)
gutter n. channel at the edge of a road
to carry rain water: Raõnh nöôùc,
maùng nöôùc.
GV= GOVERNOR VALVE: Van ly
taâm.
GVW= GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT:
Troïng löôïng toaøn boä
H Hamlin switch
Hh
H (a) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (210 km/h or
130 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
thò toác ñoä toái ña cuûa voû laø 210
km/h.
(b) SI symbol for: HENRY: Ñôn
vò ño ñoä töï caûm.
hacksaw n. handsaw for cutting metal,
with a narrow blade attached to a
frame: Caùi cöa saét (cöa baèng tay)
hairline crack n. tiny stress crack
which forms due to strains in the
material or extreme temperature
differences; as opposed to crazing,
a single crack of this type will
often occur alone: Veát raïn nöùt
nhoû (sôn).
half-round body file n. body file with
domed file surface for working
reversecrowned panels.: Giuõa
thaân hình baùn nguyeät.
half-shaft n. shaft between the
differential and the drive wheel:
Baùn truïc.
Hall effect n. in electrical conductors
where electric current flows
perpendicular to a magnetic field,
a so-called Hall voltage is
produced perpendicular to the
direction of current flow and to the
magnetic field: Hieäu öùng Hall.
z Hall-effect ignition system =
transistorized ignition with Hall
generator: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
duøng caûm bieán Hall.
z Hall-effect sensor = HALL
GENERATOR: Caûm bieán Hall.
z Hall-effect switch = HALL
159
VANE SWITCH: Coâng taéc hieäu
öùng Hall.
Hall element or Hall generator n.
pulse generator that makes use of
the Hall effect and consists of a
rotor with vanes, a conductive
element with a permanent magnet
and the Hall IC: Phaàn töû Hall, boä
phaùt xung kieåu Hall.
Hall IC n. solid state device with the
actual Hall generator and
integrated circuits for voltage
amplification and potential
reversal, producing the pulses for
the control unit: Maïch tích hôïp
vôùi caûm bieán Hall.
z Hall module n. = HALL IC:
Maïch tích hôïp hieäu öùng Hall.
z Hall sensor n. = HALL
GENERATOR: Caûm bieán Hall
Hall vane switch n. ‘switch’ that
makes use of the Hall effect:
Caùnh chaén taïo hieäu öùng Hall.
Hall voltage: Hieäu ñieän theá Hall.
halogen n. one of the chemical
elements fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, or astatine: Caùc
nguyeân toá hoùa hoïc daõy halogen.
z halogen bulb = bulb containing
a trace of a halogen, such as
iodine: Boùng ñeøn halogen.
z halogen headlight = high
intensity reflector with inner
halogen bulb, precision lens, and
3-prong attachment: Ñeøn ñaàu
duøng boùng halogen.
Hamlin switch n. a suspended mass
type sensor used in new air bag
systems; avoids the ecological
hammer
problems associated with the
earlier mercury type switches.:
Loaïi caûm bieán gia toác trong heä
thoáng ñieàu khieån goái hôi thay theá
loaïi caûm bieán duøng thuyû ngaân
hammer 1 n. hand tool with a metal
head on a handle, used for beating
metal and driving in nail: Caùi buùa.
z hammer drill n. electric hand
drill that hammers as well as
rotates.: Maùy khoan ñaù
z hammerform n. shaped wooden
block used in panel beating, on
which a desired form is produced
by hammering: Ñe goã laøm ñoàng
z hammer welding n.
metalworking technique that
includes gas welding, preferable
without the use of filler rod,
followed by hammer and dolly
work on the welded joint to smooth
out any remaining imperfections:
Laøm ñoàng (xe)
handbook n. book which gives
instructions or information: Soå tay,
taøi lieäu höôùng daãn.
z handbrake n. brake operated by
a hand lever: Phanh tay.
z handbrake turn = 180o turn
achieved by applying the
handbrake (acting on the rear
wheels) hard when the vehicle is
starting to turn: Quay xe 180o
baèng caùch vöøa taêng toác vöøa keùo
maïnh phanh tay
z handbrake warning light =
light that illuminates when the
handbrake is pplied; on most new
cars it has been superseded by a
multifunction brake warning light:
Ñeøn baùo phanh tay.
z handcrafted n. US built by
160
hangover
hand: Thuû coâng.
z hand drill n. powerdriven, hole-
boring tool: Maùy khoan caàm tay.
z handed a. made to fit on a
specific side: Laøm cho vöøa
z hand file n. flat file for shaping
metal, with a rectangular cross
section, constant blade width and
one smooth edge: Giuõa tay.
z handle v. (a) (of a vehicle) to
react under any given
circumstances but especially
referring to cornering, roadholding
and manoeuvring: Ñieàu khieån (xe)
(b) to deal with or to cope with:
Ñoái phoù, giaûi quyeát.
z handling (properties) = the way
a vehicle reacts to the actions of
the driver (usually with regard to
steering): Caùch phaûn öùng laïi cuûa
xe (öùng xöû) vôùi ñoäng taùc cuûa taøi
xeá (laùi)
z hands-free a. Khoâng caàn duøng
tay
z hands-free car phone = voice
operated telephone using
microphone and loudspeaker,
leaving hands free to drive: Ñieän
thoaïi treân xe (duøng micro vaø loa)
zhandshaker n. (informal US)
passenger car with a manual
gearbox: Xe hoäp soá thöôøng (cô).
hanger n. (a) flexible ring or strap to
hold a pipe, e.g. an exhaust pipe:
Voøng treo (oáng xaû)
(b) mounting bracket, e.g. a spring
hanger for a leaf spring: Giaù treo
hangover n. a modification of custom
cars with separate chassis, e.g.
pickups, which raises the floorpan
and lowers the body, to give the
impression that the body has been
hard anodic coating
pulled down over the chassis right
down to street level: Bieán caûi xe
vôùi khung ñoäc laäp
hard anodic coating n. hard, wear-
resistant, oxide layer produced in
an anodic oxidation process: Lôùp
oxít cöùng vaø choáng moøn phuû
ngoaøi trong quaù trình oxit hoaù
anoát
z hard anodizing = special type
of anodizing adapted to the
production of thick, hard, abrasion
resistant films.: Phöông phaùp laøm
cöùng vaø choáng moøn saûn phaåm
baèng caùch oxít hoùa anoát.
z hardboard n. boardlike building
material made of compressed wood
chip fibres and sawdust: Vaùn goã
eùp.
z hard chromium plating n.
electrolytic deposition of a hard,
wear resistant, chromium layer.:
Maï croâm.
harden v. to set or to cure: Toâi (theùp)
z hardener n. substance added (as
to a paint or varnish) to harden the
film: Phuï gia cho vaøo sôn ñeå lôùp
sôn cöùng
z hardening n. process of a paint
becoming hard: Quaù trình cöùng
sôn.
hardness n. the quality or condition
of being hard: Ñoä cöùng.
hard rubber n. = EBONITE: Nhöïa
cöùng caùch ñieän ebonit.
z hardsided caraven n. caravan
with foldable, hard wall panels: Xe
löu ñoäng coù vaùch coá ñònh.
z hard stop n. hard braking, but
not necessarily with locked wheels:
Boù phanh.
z hardtop n. (a) rigid,
161
hatchback
(sometimes detachable) car roof:
Mui coá ñònh, mui cöùng.
z hard trim n. instrument panel
mouldings, centre consoles and
similar plastic trim: vieàn tableau
Hardy disc n. a discstyle flexible
coupling: Ñóa noái meàm.
z Hardy-Spicer (universal) joint
n. type of universal joint commonly
used with prop shafts: Khôùp noái
caùcñaêng Hardy-Spicer.
harmonic balancer n. formerly, two
gearwheels carrying an unbalanced
weight, mounted in bearings below
the middle main crankshaft
bearing, driven at twice engine
speed and rotating in opposite
directions to counterbalance the
secondary vibrations in a four
cylinder reciprocating engine.: Boâï
caân baèng (trong ñoäng cô 4
xylanh, goàm 2 baùnh raêng gaén quaû
vaêng, naèm döôùi truïc khuyûu vaø
quay ngöôïc chieàu truïc khuyûu).
harness n. (a) belt system used with
child seats and in cars, consisting of
two shoulder belts and two lap belt
portions fastened by a central
buckle: Boä ñai an toaøn goàm 2 ñaây
ñai.
z a 4-point racing harness =
safety hardness anchored at four
points, worn by some racing
drivers: Boä ñai an toaøn daønh cho
xe ñua coù 4 choát gaén.
(b) = WIRING HARNESS: Buoái
(boù) daây ñieän.
hatch n. (a) = HATCHBACK : Xe
oâtoâ 4 choã, khoâng coù khoang haønh
lyù, coù cöûa haäu.
(b) = TAILGATE.: Cöûa haäu.
hatchback n. basically a saloon
hazard warning switch
or coupe with a tailgate: Xe oâtoâ 4
choã, khoâng coù khoang haønh lyù, coù
cöûa haäu.
hazard warning switch or hazard
flasher n. switch that makes all the
direction indicators flash
simultaneously, to indicate that the
car is a hazard (e.g. is stationary
because of breakdown): Coâng taéc
ñeøn baùo nguy (chôùp caû boán ñeøn
reõ)
HC = HYDROCARBONS.
HC engine n. high camshaft engine;
the camshaft is located much
higher than the crankshaft,
(although not in the cylinder head),
allowing for the use of shorter
pushrods, thus improving the
engine’s revving ability: Ñoäng cô
truïc cam naèm cao hôn tröïc
khuyûu raát nhieàu cho pheùp duøng
ñuõa ñaåy ngaén.
HDPE = HIGH DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE.: Nhöïa PE coù
tæ troïng cao.
head n. (a) the top part of a tool; the
heads designed for use with
interchangeable head torque
wrenches, for example, come in a
variety of shapes, e.g. with open
jaw end or ratchet mechanism:
Ñaàu noái caàn sieát
(b) term used to express the
increase of energy content in a
fluid pumped, expressed in units of
energy per unit of mass, usually
simply ft (feet): Coät aùp (bôm)
(c) = CYLINDER HEAD: Naép
xylanh, naép maùy, naép quy laùt
header n. (a) part at the top of
another part (b) US = HEADPIPE:
Chuïp, ñaàu oáng coå poâ
162
headlamp mounting panel
z header bar or US header bow
n. front bar of a hood which
attaches to the top of the
windscreen frame; usually made of
sheet steel shaped to match the top
front edge to the curvature of the
windscreen: Thanh ngang treân
kính tröôùc
z header tank n. top radiator tank
in a thermosyphon water cooling
system: Bình nöôùc phuï.
head gasket n. = CYLINDER HEAD
GASKET: Roong naép quy laùt
(naép maùy)
headling angle n. = YAW ANGLE:
Goùc leäch daãn höôùng.
headlamp n. main light on the front of
a vehicle: Ñeøn ñaàu.
z headlamp body = a sheet
metal pot welded or screwed to the
front wing that provides the
housing for the headlamp and its
bulbs and wiring: Voû thaân ñeøn
ñaàu.
z headlamp bucket = the
headlamp housing of cars having
separate headlamp not integrated
into the body line, e.g. the Citroen
2 CV and most prewar cars: Baàu
chöùa ñeøn ñaët rôøi.
z headlamp cover = rigid or
flexible protection against dirt or
stone damage when lights are not
being used (may be flush with
body): Voû che ñeøn ñaàu.
z headlamp mounting panel =
sheet metal panel for rectangular
headlamps that is spotwelded to
the front section of modern cars
where the radiator grille and the
headlamps are mounted adjacent to
each other; provides the mounting
headlamp visor
points for the headlamp: Baûng gaù
ñeøn ñaàu daïng vuoâng.
z headlamp visor = attachment
between headlamp rim and lens,
used on some classic cars only:
Taám kính che ñeøn (xe ñôøi cuõ).
z headlamp wash/ wipe =
system that cleans headlamps with
a jet of water and a small wiper
(blade): Heä thoáng lau ñeøn (xòt vaø
gaït)
head land n. uppermost piston land,
subject to the highest thermal load:
Ñænh píttoâng.
headlight n. main light on the front of
a vehicle: Ñeøn pha, ñeøn tröôùc
ñaàu xe.
z headlight beam setting =
alignment of the beam of light
from the headlamps: Söï caân chænh
ñeøn ñaàu.
z headlight dipper (switch) =
any type of switch, both stalk or
footoperated, that changes the
headlight from main to dipped
beam (and vice versa): Coâng taéc
chuyeån ñoåi pha - coát.
(NOTE: also called dipswitch)
z headlight flasher = by flicking
the direction indicator lever
upwards against a spring pressure,
the headlights flash on and off
quickly : Coâng taéc nhaùy ñeøn pha.
z headlight levelling = system
that allows the driver to maintain
proper headlight beam position
regardless of vehicle load: Heä
thoáng ñieàu chænh vò trí ñeøn pha.
z headlight levelling control =
usually a vertical thumbwheel that
adjusts the height of the headlight
beam: Söï ñieàu chænh ñoä cao cuûa
163
head trim
aùnh saùng ñeøn pha.
z headlight on/off delay system
= system with two functions; when
activated, it can turn the headlights
automatically ON during darkness
and OFF during daylight; it can
also be et to keep the headlights
ON up to approximately three
minutes after leaving the parked
vehicle; useful in dark, highrisk
area; the system is controlled by a
photovoltaic cell on the dashboard:
Heä thoáng töï ñoäng baät ñeøn pha
z headlight retractor indicator
lamp = lamp that illuminates when
the headlight covers are opening or
closing: Ñeøn chæ thò söï ñoùng môû
chuïp ñeøn ñaàu.
headlining n. soft lining of the inside
of a car roof: taám caùch nhieät treân
mui
headon collision or headon crash n.
the result of two vehicles being
driven straight into one another:
Söï ñaâm xe chính dieän.
headpipe or header n. down pipe
connecting the exhaust manifold to
the front of the silencer or to the
connector pipe: OÁng noái coå poâ
headrest or head restraint n. height
adjustable head support, fitted
nowadays to both front and rear
seats, to minimize the effects of
whiplash in a collision: Goái töïa
ñaàu.
headroom n. distance between the
top of a passenger’s head and the
inside of the car roof: Khoaûng
caùch töø ñaàu haønh khaùch ñeán traàn
xe.
head trim n. roof lining.: Ñöôøng
vieàn trang trí mui xe
headup display (HUD)
headup display (HUD) n. driver
information system which displays
key information by projection into
the driver’s visual field in the
windscreen area: Maøn hình phaûn
chieáu treân kính tröôùc (baùo thoâng
tin)
heat cracking n. pattern of small,
irregular cracks (e.g. on brake
discs).: Söï nöùt do nhieät.
heated rear window n. rear window
fitted with a heating element that
demists inside and deices outside.:
Kính phía sau coù xoâng.
z heated tool welding n. welding
process in which the parts to be
welded are pressed against a
heated plate and subsequently
pressed together to produce a
fusion weld.: Kyõ thuaät haøn noùng
chaûy.
z heated windscreen n.
windscreen fitted with a heating
element to facilitate deicing: kính
tröôùc coù xoâng.
heater n. system for heating the
interior of a vehicle: Heä thoáng
söôûi.
z heater air pipe n. channel
section incorporated into the side
member or other structural sections
that is designed to provide a flow
of warm into the interior of the
vehicle, above all into the
footwells (e.g. as used on the VW
Beetle): OÁng khoâng khí noùng ñeå
söôûi.
z heater core n. : Loõi giaøn söôõi.
z heater fan or blower n. electric
fan to boost heating and
ventilation: Quaït giaøn söôûi.
z heater flange n. heating
164
heat shield
element for preheating the intake
air in small diesel engines.: Vaønh
nhieät xoâng khí naïp (trong Diesel
côõ nhoû)
z heater plug n. = GLOW
PLUG: Bougie xoâng maùy.
z heaterplug indicator =
GLOW PLUG INDICATOR: Ñeøn
baùo xoâng maùy.
heat path n. path along which heat
passes from the sparking plug tip to
the water jacket: Ñöôøng daãn nhieät
töø bougie ñeán aùo nöôùc
z heat range n. measure of
ability of a sparking plug to carry
away heat; dependent on the
length of the insulator nose,
electrode shape and material: Chæ
soá nhieät cuûa bougie.
z heat-range reserve = the heat
range reserve defines the distance
to the start of preignition under
further increasing thermal loading
of the sparking plug. This reserve
is expressed in degrees crankshaft,
the amount by which the factory
set ignition timing can be further
advanced without preignition
occuring: Goùc ñaùnh löûa coù theå
taêng maø khoâng laøm chaùy sôùm
(ñoái vôùi loaïi bougie töông öùng).
z heat riser n. flapper in the
exhaust manifold that is closed
when the engine is cold, causing
hot exhaust gases to heat the inlet
manifold, thus providing better
cold engine operation; a
thermostatic spring opens the
flapper when the engine warms
up: OÁng xoâng ñöôøng oáng naïp (laáy
nhieät töø ñöôøng thaûi).
z heat shield n. sheet metal part,
heat shrinking
usually reflective, often
asbestoslined; protects
heatsensitive components from
heat radiation of the exhaust
system: Taám chaén nhieät (poâ)
z heat shrinking n. shrinking
dents in panels using a gas welder
to heat local areas of the dents: Söï
loõm thaân xe khi haøn hôi
z heat sink n. heat removing
component, such as the fins on an
aircooled cylinder: Phaàn töû laáy
nhieät.
z heat soak n. heat from the
engine warming the carburettor
and other parts of the fuel system
which can cause vapour lock and
may make restarting difficult:
Nhieät laøm boác hôi xaêng
z heat transfer n. transfer of
thermal energy from one material
to another by means of thermal
conduction, convection or
radiation; heat transfer is only
possible from a high to a low
temperature level: Söï truyeàn
nhieät.
heavy a. (a) (cable, sheet metal)
heavy-duty: Naëng, lôùn (daây, taám
kim loaïi)
(b) (paint) thickly coated: Quaù
daøy (sôn)
(c) (steering, clutch) having a stiff
operation, e.g. requiring
considerable effort to turn the
steering wheel: Naëng, khoù khaên
(laùi)
(d) (traffic) of great quantity:
Ñoâng, chaät ních.
(NOTE: opposite is light).
z heavy-duty (HD) a. designed
for heavy loads: Duøng cho xe coù
165
HEI
taûi lôùn.
z heavyduty diagonal cutting
pliers = diagonal cutting pliers
with a special joint and handle
design for extra cutting power:
Kìm caét coäng löïc.
z heavy-duty end cutting pliers
= end cutting pliers with a special
joint and handle design for extra
cutting power: Kìm caét coäng löïc.
z heavy film build n. excessive
thickness of paint coat: Taïo neân
moät lôùp sôn quaù daøy.
z heavy foot n. : Thaúng chaân,
ñaïp heát.
z to drive with a heavy foot =
driving at full throttle, especially at
high speeds: Chaïy heát ga.
z heavy goods vehicle (HGV) n.
vehicle capable of carrying heavy
loads and requiring a special
licence to drive: Xe taûi naëng
z heavy phosphating n.
application of extremely heavy
phosphate coatings: Phuû lôùp
phoâtphaùt daøy (sôn).
z heavy yellow boot n.
(informal) = WHEEL CLAMP
heel n. (a) rubbing block on the
contact breaker lever: Goái cam
(ñaùnh löûa vít)
(b) = BEAD HEEL: Caùi ñeá
z heel dolly n. dolly in the form
of a heel (of a foot): Caùi ñe daïng
goái.
HEGO sensor (short for) heated
exhaust gas oxygen sensor: Caûm
bieán oxi coù daây nung (khí thaûi).
HEI = HIGH ENERGY IGNITION
(SYSTEM): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
naêng löôïng cao
z HEI-EST= HIGH ENERGY
height adjustable steering column
IGNITION SYSTEM WITH
ELECTRONIC SPARK TIMING:
Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa naêng löôïng
cao vôùi ñieàu chænh thôøi ñieåm
ñaùnh löûa baèng ñieän töû.
height adjustable steering column n.
steering column whose length or
rake may be adjusted to suit the
individual driver: Truï voâ laêng coù
theå ñieàu chænh ñöôïc ñoä cao.
z height corrector or height
regulator n. automatic levelling
control in hydropneumatic
suspension systems: Boä hieäu
chænh chieàu cao heä thoáng treo
thuûy khí.
helical a. in the shape of a helix:
Xoaén oác
z helical gears = gears with
helical teeth: Baùnh raêng cong.
z helical spring lock washer =
locking device for threaded
fasteners: Loâng ñeàn cong
z helical teeth = curved gear
teeth on the edge of a gear-wheel,
cut at an angle to its axis: Raêng
cong
helium leak test n. pressure test
using helium: Söï kieåm tra roø ræ
baèng khí heli.
helix n. a spiral, like the thread on a
screw or a coil spring in a
suspension system: Ñöôøng xoaén
oác.
helmet connector or helmet lug n.
special type of lug for connecting a
battery with tapered terminal
posts: Ñai oác baét coïc aéc quy.
helper leaf or helper spring n.
auxiliary leaf spring: Nhíp phuï.
hemispherical combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber with a
166
hidden or hide away wiper
circular, rounded internal shape to
ensure a smooth propagation of the
flame front during the combustion
process: Buoàng chaùy coù hình baùn
caàu .
Henry (H) n. unit of inductance, equal
to the inductance of a circuit in
which the variation of current at
the rate of one ampere per second
induces an electromotive force of
one volt: Ñôn vò ño ñoä töï caûm.
(NOTE: named after US physicist,
J.Henry, 1797-1878).
herringbone gear n. = DOUBLE
HELICAL GEAR: Baùnh raêng coù
raêng hình chöõ V.
hexagonal a. having six sides: Saùu
caïnh
z hexagon(al) bolster or
hexagon(al) collar = tool that
allows a screwdriver to be turned
with a wrench for extra torque to
loosen tight crews: Ñaàu luïc giaùc
noái tuoác nô vít vôùi caàn sieát.
z hexagon bit or hex bit = bit
with six sides: Moû chìa khoùa saùu
caïnh
z hexagon bolt or hex bolt =
bolt with a sixsided head: Bu loâng
luïc giaùc
z hexagon key or hex key = key
for hexagon recess screws, 90o
offset at one end: Chìa khoùa ñaàu
luïc giaùc (môû oác chìm).
h.f.s (short for) heated front seat,
(often seen in advertisements):
Gheá tröôùc coù söôûi
HGV = HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE
hidden or hide away wiper n. wipe
system with a parking position
below normal visibility range: Vò
HIF carburettor
trí döøng cuûa caàn gaït nöôùc.
HIF carburettor n. type of SU
carburettor with a horizontal
integral float chamber: Boä cheá
hoøa khí buoàng phao naèm ngang.
high beam n. US = MAIN BEAM:
Ñeøn pha
z high-build galvanizing n.
galvanizing process in which
extremely heavy zinc coatings are
applied: Maï vôùi lôùp keõm daøy
high-camshaft engine n. = HC
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù truïc cam
naèm cao.
high carbon steel n. a very hard steel,
as opposed to plain carbon steel:
Theùp carbon cao (cöùng)
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) n.
a very tough, chemically resistant
thermoplastic, with a ‘soapy’
touch; e.g. used for blow-moulded
parts such as fuel tanks or other
mouldings, such as bumpers.:
Nhöïa toång hôïp PE coù tyû troïng
cao.
high energy battery n. innovative
battery type developed for electric
cars: AÉc quy naêng löôïng cao duøng
cho xe ñieän
z high energy coil n. coil which
generates higher ignition voltage
and/or offers increased spark
efficiency; ballasted: Boâbin naêng
löôïng cao
z high energy ignition system
(HEI) n. ignition systems which
provides more ignition power
(higher voltage at higher
amperage) than normal systems; a
typical HEI includes an electronic
control unit and magnetic pickup in
combination with mechanical
167
highmounted brake light
ignition timing: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
löûa naêng löôïng cao.
z high energy ignition system
with electronic spark timing
(HEIEST) = The HEIEST system
consists of an electronic distributor,
with the ignition coil mounted on
the distributor cap on 6 and 8
cylinder models or externally on 4
cylinder models; the ignition
timing is performed electronically
by the electronic control module.
(used on several 1983-88 GM
models): Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa naêng
löôïng cao vôùi boä ñieàu chænh thôøi
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng ñieän töû.
high gear n. fourth or fifth gear,
selectd for cruising: Soá cao.
(NOTE: opposite is low gear).
z high-geared a. (a) when a
small gear wheel is driven by a
large one: Khi raêng nhoû ñöôïc daãn
ñoäng baèng baùnh raêng lôùn.
(b) when a car’s transmission
system has higher than usual
gearing, to improve fuel economy:
Khi xe coù hoäp soá nhieàu soá (> 4)
z high gloss n. very shiny, bright
appearance: Ñoä boùng cao.
high leverage diagonal/ end cutting
pliers n. diagonal/end cutting
pliers with special joint and handle
design for extra cutting power:
Kìm caét coäng löïc
high/ low range gearbox n. = DUAL
RANGE GEARBOX: Hoäp soá hai
caáp
highmounted brake light n. third
brake light mounted in the middle
of the rear window or on some cars
integrated in the trailing edge of
the rear deck spoiler: Ñeøn phanh
high-performance
thöù ba ñaët giöõa kính sau hoaëc
gaén treân naép coáp sau.
high-performance a. producing better
than average results: Hieäu suaát
cao, tính naêng toát
z high-performance manifold =
a special exhaust manifold, which
is not made of cast iron as usual,
but of specially designed, curved
and welded steel tubes, to produce
a smooth flow path for the exhaust
gases, avoiding any sharp bends;
less heavy, less sturdy and more
expensive than an ordinary
manifold; usually replaces the
down pipe: OÁng goùp thaûi coù hieäu
suaát cao
high-pressure a. operating under a lot
of pressure, e.g. braking systems or
diesel fuel injection: Aùp suaát cao
z high-pressure foaming =
process in which plastics are
foamed under high pressure (> 50
bar): Söï taïo boït do aùp suaát cao
(NOTE: opposite is low-pressure
foaming)
z high-pressure relief valve =
located somewhere on the high
side of the air conditioning system,
often next to the receiver-drier,
this valve protects the system
against excessive pressure: Van
giaûm aùp
high revs n. towards the top end of
the scale of engine revolutions: Soá
voøng quay cao cho pheùp
high side n. (of air conditioning
systems) located between the
compressor and expansion valve or
orifice tube; includes the
condenser: Phaàn aùp suaát cao
(ñieàu hoaø).
168
hillholder
(NOTE: opposite is low side).
high speed direct injection (HSDI) n.
systems for rapid injection of fuel
into a diesel engine: Heä thoáng
phun tröïc tieáp toác ñoä cao
high spot n. raised area on a panel
surface: Vò trí nhoâ leân treân thaân
xe
high tension (HT) a. capable of
operating at a relatively high
voltage: Coù theå hoaït ñoäng ôû ñieän
aùp cao
z hightension circuit or HT
circuit = SECONDARY CIRCUIT:
Maïch ñieän cao aùp (thöù caáp)
z hightension distributor or HT
distributor = sometimes used to
designate the distributtor in
electronically controlled ignition
systems, which has no controlling
functions or advance mechanism:
Boä chia ñieän cao aùp
z hightension lead or HT lead =
SPARKING PLUG LEAD: Daây
phin (daây cao aùp)
z hightension winding(s) =
SECONDARY WINDING.: Cuoän
daây thöù caáp.
highvoltage reserve n. the difference
between the available ignition
voltage and the ignition voltage
required at a given moment.: Möùc
döï tröõ ñieän aùp thöù caáp.
highway n. US any public road
outside the cities with a foundation
and a hard surface: Ñöôøng cao toác
Highway Code n. official British code
of conduct for all road users.: Luaät
giao thoâng cho taøi xeá chaïy treân
ñöôøng cao toác.
hillholder n. mechanically or
electromechanically engaged
hinge bow
device for preventing accidental
rearward movement of a vehicle
prior to driving off; found mainly
in automatic transmissions: Cô caáu
choáng luøi xe trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng
khi leân doác.
hinge bow n. = MAIN BOW.:
Thanh truïc chính.
z hinged-caliper disc brake n. old
disc brake design formerly used on
motor bikes; superseded by
slidingcaliper disc brakes.: Boä keïp
phanh ñóa coù baûn leà.
z hinge facing n. part of the door
frame that includes the bracing and
threaded plate for mounting the
hinge to the door: Choát gaén baûn leà
cöûa
(NOTE: not to be confused with
the hinge panel that is part of the
hinge pillar of the body shell)
z hinge panel n. sheet metal
panel spotwelded to the A post or
rear of the front wing that
accommodates the hinges for the
front door: Khung giöõ cöûa tröôùc
z hinge pillar n. vertical
structural element that carries the
front door hinges; the upper end of
the hinge pillar is usually the side
of the windscreen frame: Truï ñôõ
khung cöûa cöûa tröôùc.
(NOTE: also called A-pillar)
z hinge pillar reinforcement =
vertical section behind the visible
A-pillar: Söï gia coá truï ñôõ.
z hinge plate n. reinforcing plate
between the hinge and the door
panel which distributes the forces
acting on the hinge bolts over a
larger area of the panel: Ñóa baûn
leà cöûa.
169
hold-in winding
z hinge post n. = HINGE
PILLAR.
z hinge tapping plate n.
threaded plate housed in a sheet
metal cage spotwelded to the
hinge pillar or, in some cases, to
the door frame; the door is bolted
to this plate and may be adjusted
within certain limits, as the plate
can be moved about in its sheet
metal cage: Taám gaén baûn leà cöûa
hip belt n. LAP BELT
hitch v. to connect or couple up a
caravan or trailer to a towing
vehicle: Buoäc vaøo, moùc vaøo ñeå
keùo.
z hitch ball n. US = TOW BALL:
Moùc keùo xe.
holdback n. a markup, e.g 2 percent,
that the dealer pays the
manufacture on each new car that
is added to his stock; this amount is
rebated to the dealer after the car
is sold: Tieàn ñaïi lyù phaûi öùng theâm
cho nhaø saûn xuaát treân moãi ñaàu
xe, seõ ñöôïc traû laïi sau khi xe
ñöôïc baùn.
hold-in coil or holdingcoil n. separate
relay coil, such as the hold-in
winding in a starter solenoid,
which is energized by contacts that
close when the relay pulls in, to
hold the relay in its energized
position after the original operating
circuit has been broken: Cuoän giöõ
trong rôøle ñeà.
z hold-in winding or holding
winding n. part of a relay
designed to hold it in the on-
position: Cuoän giöõ.
hole cutting snips
hole cutting snips n. snips with
pointed cutting blades for cutting
holes in sheet metal material. Keùo
caét loã.
z hole punch n. pliers used to
from holes along the edge of a
repair panel; the panel can then be
plug-welded to the substructure at
these holes: Caây ñoät loã.
z holesaw n. cylindrical shaped
saw for use with power tools, for
cutting holes in sheet metal
material, e.g. in car bodies for
installation of aerials: Cöa loã
Holographic combiner n. semi-
reflecting layer embedded in
laminated windscreen glass; used
for headup displays: lôùp phaûn
chieáu treân kính tröôùc ñeå hieän
thoâng tin (tableau aûo)
homofocal headlamp n. type of
headlamp with two reflectors, the
inner one being of shorter focal
length than the main one: Ñeøn
ñaàu vôùi hai göông phaûn chieáu.
homokinetic joint n. = CONSTANT
VELOCITY JOINT: Khôùp ñoàng
toác.
homologation n. official recognition
of a special version of a standard
car as a production model, to make
it eligible for racing: Söï coâng
nhaän maãu xe duøng ñeå ñua.
hone 1 n. special tool for use with an
electric drill or air tools to smooth
and polish engine, clutch or brake
cylinders, with a number of honing
stones that adjust to different
cylinder bore diameters by spring
tension: Ñaù maøi, ñaù xoaùy
2. v. to smooth and polish with a
hone: Maøi, xoaùy (baèng ñaù maøi).
170
horn
honeycomb n. a pattern of hexagonal
shapes, like bees cells: Toå ong.
honing n. precision machining
process used to resurface bores
and shafts: Quaù trình doa, xoaùy.
z honing stone = tool used for
the final smoothing operation, e.g.
when repairing a cylinder wall: Ñaù
maøi, ñaù xoaùy
hood n. (a) folding roof of a
convertible car (b) US =
BONNET: Mui xeáp cuûa xe mui
traàn.
z hood bar or bow = one of at
least four struts that support a
hood; usually made of tubular or
sheet steel: Thanh choáng mui xeáp.
z hood stick = old term for hood
bar: Thanh choáng mui xeáp.
hook up v. to connect: Moùc vaøo, noái
vaøo.
horizontal a. lying flat, not upright:
Naèm ngang, ñöôøng ngang.
z horizontal adjuster n. screw
for adjusting the sideways aim of
the headlight beam: Vít ñieàu
chænh ñoä saùng theo chieàu ngang.
z horizontal draught carburettor
n. = SIDEDRAUGHT
CARBURETTOR: Boä cheá hoøa khí
coù hoïng khueách taùn naèm ngang.
horizontally opposed engine n.
engine with horizontally opposed
cylinders, set on either side of the
crankshaft: Ñoäng cô coù xy lanh
ñaët ngang ñoái xöùng.
horn n. instrument on a vehicle that
emits a loud warning noise, usually
by means of a diaphragm vibrated
by an electromagnet: Coøi xe
horn boss
z horn boss or horn button =
relatively large, round pad in the
centre of the steering wheel which
sounds the horn when depressed:
Nuùt nhaán coøi xe
z horn button = (i) relatively
small button on the end of the
direction indicator lever which
sounds the horn when depressed
(ii) horn boss: Nuùt nhaán coøi.
horsepower (h.p. or HP) n. unit of
power: Söùc ngöïa - Ñôn vò coâng
suaát
horsepower screw n. screw in the
cover of adjustable wastegates to
adjust spring height, which adjusts
boost pressure; screwing down
adds HP but may destroy the
engine: Vít ñieàu chænh cöûa xaû
trong heä thoáng taêng aùp.
hose n. flexible pipe: OÁng meàm.
z hose clip or hose clamp
adjustable steel band (or wire) for
securing rubber hoses to metal
pipes: Caùi keïp oáng.
z hose clip installer = special tool
for the installation of ear-type
clips, used e.g. on some types of
CV joint boots, filters, cooling
systems, and vacuum lines: Duïng
cuï laép keïp oáng.
z hose clip pliers = special tool
used to remove and install hose
clips: Kìm thaùo laép keïp oáng.
hose pinchoff pliers n.special tool to
pinch off hoses when servicing the
cooling system; pivoting jaws
squeeze hoses shut so there is no
need to drain the system: Kìm môû
oáng nöôùc (khoâng caàn xaû nöôùc).
Hotchkiss drive n. type of live rear
axle suspension in which leaf
hot spraying
springs absorb the drive torque:
Heä thoáng caàu-treo Hotchkiss.
hot dip v. to coat metal parts by
immersion in molten metal, such as
tin or zinc: Maï kim loaïi baèng caùch
nhuùng vaøo keõm hoaëc thieác ñang
noùng chaûy
z hot-dip aluminizing =
deposition of aluminium coatings
by hot dipping: Phuû nhoâm baèng
phöông phaùp nhuùng noùng.
z hot-dip galvanize = to apply a
zinc coating by hot dipping: Phuû
keõm baèng phöông phaùp nhuùng
noùng.
z hot gas welding n. welding
process involving the joining of
thermoplastic materials by
softening with a jet of hot air, then
joining them at the softened points:
Haøn nhöïa baèng hôi noùng
n. hot hatch n. high-performance
hatchback: xe naêm cöûa loaïi toát.
z hot rod n. car that has been
radically modified for increased
power: Xe ñaõ ñöôïc caûi bieán ñeå
taêng coâng suaát.
hot sparking plug n. sparking plug
with a long insulator nose, which
absorbs more heat and dissipates it
slowly: Bougie noùng.
(NOTE: opposite is cold sparking
plug)
hot spot n. point of contact below
the carburettor, between the inlet
manifold and exhaust manifold:
Ñieåm noùng (giöõa oáng huùt vaø oáng
thaûi).
hot spraying n. spray process in
which paint is preheated in a paint
container so that its viscosity is
reduced and it can be atomized
171
hot start (ing)
without being diluted with a
solvent: Phun sôn noùng
hot start (ing) n. starting a hot engine
may be difficult if it has been
stopped for a few minutes; the
accumulation of petrol vapour in
the air filter and inlet manifold,
caused by the rise in engine
temperature when left standing
when hot, can be dissipated by
slowly pressing the accelerator
right down and turning the engine
over until it fires: Khôûi ñoäng khi
ñoäng cô noùng.
z hot start enrichment = fuel
mixture enrichment when starting a
hot engine: Söï laøm ñaäm hoãn hôïp
khi khôûi ñoäng noùng.
z hot-start pulse relay = fuel
injection component which
operates the cold-start valve
intermittently to improve starting
when the engine is hot; installed in
the cold-start valve circuit in some
CIS-equipped engines: Rôle ñieàu
khieån xung khi khôûi ñoäng noùng
(phun K)
z hot wax n. wax-based
material used for hot-wax flooding:
Saùp noùng.
z hot-wax flooding = special
cavity-sealing process developed
by Volkswagen, which uses a
solvent-free wax injected into the
cavities of bodies preheated to
60oC: Phöông phaùp bòt loã treân
thaân xe baèng saùp noùng
z hot – wire airflow meter n.
constant temperature hotwire
sensing device, used in electronic
fuel injection systems, which
measures the rate of a mass airflow
172
hub puller
into the engine by measuring the
current needed to keep the hot
wireat the same temperature: Boä
caûm bieán ño gioù loaïi daây nhieät.
z hot-wire element = element
in a hotwire airflow meter: Daây
nhieät.
housing n. general term for the
casing which encloses or supports
bearings, gears, etc.: Voû boïc.
h.p or HP = HORSEPOWER: Maõ
löïc, söùc ngöïa (Coâng suaát).
HSDI (short for) high speed direct
injection (diesel engine): Phun
tröïc tieáp toác ñoä cao.
HT = HIGHTENSION: Cao theá.
z HT circuit =SECONDARY
CIRCUIT: Maïch thöù caáp.
z HT lead = SPARKING PLUG
LEAD: Daây phin.
z HT outlet = COIL TOWER:
Ñaàu caém daây phin ôû boâbin.
hub n. central part of any wheel, by
the wheel is attached to or
rotatable on a shaft or axle: Truïc
baùnh xe.
z hub cap = (a) cover over the
wheel hub and bearings (b) =
small metal cap on a front wheel
bearing: Naép chuïp truïc baùnh xe.
z hub carrier = (a) part of the
suspension system which carries a
rear wheel hub on a front-wheel
drive vehicle with independent
rear suspension (b) = STEERING
SWIVEL: Khôùp khuyeân truïc
baùnh xe.
z hub plate = central element of a
clutch driven plate which carries
the splined hub: Ñóa ly hôïp
z hub puller = special tool, of both
jaw and hammer design, used
hubcentric fit
to remove wheel hubs on vehicles
by a pulling action: Duïng cuï thaùo
(caõo) moayô baùnh xe.
z hubcentric fit n. spigot
mounted wheel: Choát baùnh xe.
z humidity chamber n. test
chamber for simulating tropical
and subtropical conditions.: Phoøng
taùi taïo ñieàu kieän aåm öôùt ñeå thöû
nghieäm.
hump n. raised portion on the rim
bead seat of passenger car wheels,
retaining the beads of an
insufficiently inflated tubeless tyre
on the bead seats, thereby
preventing the tyre beads from
jumping into the rim well: Caùi
böôùu nieàng.
hundredweight (cwt) n. (obsolete)
unit of weight measurement, used
in some classic-car manuals
(NOTE: 1 (GB) cwt = 5080 grams;
1 (US) cwt = 4535 grams): Ñôn vò
ño troïng löôïng cuõ.
hunting n. uneven running of an
engine, due to air/fuel mixture
being too rich: ñoäng cô khoâng oån
ñònh do giaøu xaêng
z hunting tooth n. extra, odd
tooth on a gear wheel, designed to
ensure the same teeth so not
always mesh together, thus
reducing wear: Raêng leû treân baùnh
raêng ñeå giaûm moøn
HVAC (short for) heating,
ventilation and air conditioning
(system): Heä thoáng söôûi, thoâng
hôi vaø ñieàu hoøa nhieät ñoä.
hybrid car n. car with a hybrid
propulsion system: Xe lai.
z hybrid propulsion n. two
distinct but interdependent forms
173
hydraulic fluid
of propulsion, such asan electric
motor and an internal combustion
engine, or an electric motor with
battery and fuel cells for energy
storage: Ñoäng cô lai.
z hybrid technology n.film
circuits combined with integrated
circuits, used especially for trigger
boxes or electronic control units:
Coäng ngheä vi maïch lai.
Hydragas suspension n. = HYDRO-
PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION: Heä
thoáng treo thuyû-khí.
hydraulic a. operated by fluid: Baèng
thuûy löïc.
z hydraulic accumulator n. =
ACCUMULATOR: Boä tích naêng.
z hydraulic actuators n.
hydraulically operated struts which
control the movement of the
wheels in an active ride suspension
system: Boä phaän thuûy löïc kieåm
soaùt ñoä dòch chuyeån cuûa baùnh xe
z hydraulic brakes or hydraulic
braking system n. brakes operated
by hydraulic pressure: Heä thoáng
phanh daàu
z hydraulic brake booster =
hydraulic pressure supplied by the
power steering pump, or a separate
hydraulic pump, which is used to
assists in applying the brakes; used
on cars and on some lorries: Boä
trôï löïc phanh baèng thuûy löïc.
hydraulic control block n. =
CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY:
Cuïm van ñieàu khieån thuûy löïc.
z hydraulic fluid n. special oil
used in hydraulic systems, such as
power steering, self-levelling
suspension, to operate the system
of master and slave cylinders: Daàu
hydraulic hood
duøng cho heä thoáng thuûy löïc.
z hydraulic hood n. convertible
top which is raised and lowered by
a hydraulic system; depending on
engineering, a hydraulic hood can
operate fast, silently, and with
tremendous power: Mui ñieàu
khieån baèng thuûy löïc (xe mui
traàn).
z hydraulic modulator n. device
which regulates hydraulic fluid
pressure in an ABS: Boä chaáp
haønh thuûy löïc (ABS)
z hydraulic pressure pump n.
engine driven pump which supplies
oil under pressure to operate, e.g.
power brakes or power-assisted
steering: Bôm thuûy löïc (trôï löïc
laùi phanh)
z hydraulic tappet or hydraulic
valve lifter n. small component in
the valve train, usually between
camshaft and valve, or rocker arm
and valve, which maintains zero
valve clearance by automatically
expanding when a clearance
develops; uses the hydraulic
principle that liquids cannot be
compressed and consists basically
of a small check valve, piston and
cylinder: Con ñoäi thuûy löïc (ñoäng
cô)
z hydraulic wedge n. hydraulic
jack with ends designed to reach
behind dented double panels and
to press them back into shape by
the hydraulic action of the wedge-
shaped ends: Caùi kích thuûy löïc
laøm ñoàng
hydraulic suspension n. = HYDRO-
PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION: Heä
thoáng treo thuûy khí.
174
hydrometer
hydrocarbon plastics n. plastics based
on resins made by the
polymerization of monomers
composed of carbon and hydrogen
only: Nhöïa laøm töø hydrocacbon.
z hydrocarbons (HC) n. generic
term for chemical compounds
composed only of carbon and
hydrogen; one of the three major
pollutants in the exhaust of SI
engines: Hôïp chaát hyrocacbon coù
trong khí thaûi xe.
hydrodynamic clutch n. = FLUID
COUPLING: Khôùp noái thuûy löïc.
z hydrodynamic torque
converter n. = TORQUE
CONVERTER: Boä bieán moâ thuûy
löïc.
hydrogen embrittlement n. process
which results in a decrease of the
toughness or ductility of a metal
due to absorption of hydrogen: Söï
laøm gioøn baèng khí hydro.
Hydrolastic suspension n.proprietary
suspension system incorporating a
conical rubber spring compressed
by hydraulic pressure; this system
also provides a hydraulic
interconnection between front and
rear wheels on one side of the
vehicle: Heä thoáng treo keát hôïp
thuyû löïc vaø cao su
hydrometer n. instrument used (i) to
determine the percentage of
charge in each cell of a car battery
by checking the electrolyte special
gravity: Thieát bò kieåm tra ñoä
phoùng ñieän cuûa aéc quy thoâng qua
tyû troïng dung dòch ñieän phaân.
(ii) to test the coolant for the
strength of antifreeze: Kieåm tra
haøm löôïng chaát choáng ñoâng
Hydropneumatic suspension
trong nöôùc laøm maùt.
Hydropneumatic suspension n.
suspension system using air or gas
(nitrogen) under pressure as the
primary suspension material,
separated from the actuating
hydraulic fluid by a diaphragm
within a spherical suspension unit:
Heä thoáng treo thuyû-khí.
hydropulser n. hydraulically operated
system that can excite vibrations of
various frequencies in a car; serves
to find and eliminate noise
sources: Boä taïo xung thuûy löïc
laøm rung xe ñeå phaùt hieän tieáng
keâu.
hydrostatic drive n. = HYDRO-
STATIC TRANSMISSION
z hydrostatic steering n. entirely
hydraulic power steering system
without mechanical steering links:
Heä thoáng trôï löïc laùi hoaøn toaøn
baèng thuûy löïc khoâng coù cô caáu
cô khí
175
hypoid oil
z hydrostatic test n. pressure test
using water: Söï kieåm tra aùp suaát
baèng nöôùc
z hydrostatic transmission n.
drive by means of hydraulic
motors, particularly where the
drive is to each wheel of an off-
road vehicle: Xe chaïy baèng moâ tô
thuûy löïc (treân moät soá xe ñòa hình)
hygroscopic n. tending to absorb
moisture: Khuynh höôùng huùt aåm.
hypoid axle n. driving axle with a
hypoid gear: Caàu xe vôùi baùnh vít
z hypoid gear n. type of gear cut
in a spiral form where the axes of
the driving and driven shafts are at
right angles, but not in the same
plane: Baùnh raêng vít
z hypoid oil n. special lubricant
for hypoid gears: Daàu duøng cho
hoäp soá baùnh raêng vít
i idler pulley
Ii
i (short for) injection - indicating that
the engine is fuel-injected
injection ( GTi, EFi, 1.6i ): Chæ
ñoäng cô söû duïng heä thoáng phun
nhieân lieäu (xaêng)
I&C systems (short for)
instrumentation and control
systems: Nhöõng heä thoáng ño ñaïc
vaø ñieàu khieån.
I-beam n. steel beam which in cross
section has the shape of an I: Ñoøn
ngang hình chöõ I.
z I-beam axle = RIGID AXLE:
Caàu (truïc) phuï thuoäc coù daïng
hình chöõ I.
ICE = IN-CAR ENTERTAINMENT:
Thieát bò giaûi trí trong xe.
IC engine n. = INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE: Ñoäng
cô ñoát trong.
ice scraper n. small plastic implement
for scraping frost and ice away
from windscreens and windows:
Caùi naïo baêng.
ID = INSIDE DIAMETER: Ñöôøng
kính trong.
identical part n. = SHARED
COMPONENT: Nhöõng chi tieát
duøng chung.
identification colour n. (fuse)
particular colour for a specific
amperage: Maõ maøu daây ñieän
theo cöôøng ñoä doøng.
IDI = INTEGRATED DIRECT
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp tích hôïp.
idle v. (engine) to run slowly with
closed throttle and usually with
transmission disengaged: Chaïy
176
caàm chöøng, ralenti
Start the engine and allow it to idle
for 5 minutes: Khôûi ñoäng ñoäng
cô vaø chaïy caàm chöøng 5 phuùt
z idle air jet n. hole in a fixed-
jet carburettor through which air is
drawn into the idle system: Gíclô
gioù caàm chöøng.
z idle jet n. carburettor jet
within the idle system which
supplies a constant amount of fuel
for the formation of the idle
mixture: Gíclô caàm chöøng.
idle mixture adjustment screw n.
tapered adjusting screw (on some
carburettors) which controls the
volume of air/ fuel mixture
supplied by the idle system of a
fixedjet carburettor: Vít chænh
hoãn hôïp caàm chöøng.
idler n. (a) gearwheel between a
driving and a driven gear in a gear
train which may serve to reverse
the original direction of rotation of
the driven wheel: Baùnh raêng
trung gian (ñeäm) ñeå thay ñoåi
chieàu quay.
(b) free-turning pulley or wheel
which serves to maintain tension
in a belt drive: Puli taêng ñai töï
ñoäng.
z idler arm n. (steering system)
similar to the drop arm, but
located at the other end of the
relay rod, and having a guiding
function only: Ñoøn daãn höôùng
(laùi)
z idler pulley n. spring-loaded
pulley designed to maintain the
idle speed
tension of the timing belt: Puli
taêng ñai töï ñoäng.
z idle speed or idling speed n.
slowest speed at which an engine
will run smoothly (about 900
rpm): Toác ñoä caàm chöøng.
idle speed adjustment = alteration of
the engine tickover: Söï ñieàu
chænh toác ñoä caàm chöøng.
idle speed stabilizer = device which
ensures steady engine rpm at idle
speed: Thieát biï oån ñònh toác ñoä
caàm chöøng.
z idle stop valve n. solenoid-
operated valve which cuts off fuel
in the idle system of a carburettor
and so stops the engine running-on
when the ignition is switched off:
Van caét nhieân lieäu maïch caàm
chöøng.
z idle system n. at idle speed,
the throttle valve is closed to such
an extent that the airflow
underneath the plunger no longer
forms a sufficient vacuum; the
fuel is then supplied via an
auxiliary system, the idle system,
which consists of the idle jet, the
idle air jet and the mixture control
screw: Heä thoáng caàm chöøng.
z idling (engine) n. turning over
at low speed with minimum
throttle: Caàm chöøng.
idling circuit = the passages, jets, etc.
in a fixed-jet carburettor which
provide idling mixture to the
carburettor barrel: Maïch caàm
chöøng (cheá hoøa khí)
idling drag = forward motion of a
vehicle with automatic
transmission, with engine at idle
and selector lever in position D:
177
ignition cable
Chuyeån ñoäng cuûa xe khi caøi soá
D
vaø ñoäng cô ôû cheá ñoä caàm chöøng.
(NOTE: also called creep)
IFS = INDEPENDENT FRONT
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
ñoäc laäp tröôùc.
ignite v. to set fire to; to catch fire:
Ñaùnh löûa, ñoát chaùy.
z igniter n. (air bag) bridge
igniter with detonator: Ngoøi noå
(goái hôi)
z ignition n. process which
initiates the combustion of the
compressed air/fuel mixture in the
combustion chamber. In a spark-
ignition engine, the mixture is
ignited by an electric spark; in a
diesel engine, the self-igniting
mixture must be preheated by
glow plugs when a cold start is
performed: Söï ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition advance n. extent to
which the ignition spark is made
to occur ealier: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm.
(NOTE: opposite is ignition
retard)
z ignition amplifier n. device
used to increase the electrical
signal in an electronic ignition
system: Boä khueách ñaïi tín hieäu
ñaùnh löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa)
z ignition angle n. angle,
measured in degrees crankshaft,
by which the ignition is advanced:
Goùc ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition cable or ignition lead
n. general term to designate the
high-voltage cables of the ignition
system, from the ignition coil to
the distributor and from the
distributor to the sparking plugs:
ignition capacitor
Daây phin, daây cao aùp
z ignition capacitor n. electrical
part which interrupts the primary
current with low loss and
suppresses most of the arcing
between the contact breaker
points in conventional coil
ignitions: Tuï ñieän trong heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa vít.
z ignition circuits see PRIMARY
CIRCUIT, SECONDARY
CIRCUIT: Caùc maïch ñieän trong
heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa (sô caáp, thöù
caáp)
z ignition coil n. = COIL:
Boâbin.
ignition coil resistor = BALLAST
RESISTOR: Ñieän trôû phuï trong
heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition control unit n.
general control unit of electronic
ignition systems, usually with
current and dwell angle control,
driver and output stage, in some
cases with electronic spark timing
functions: Hoäp ñieàu khieån ñaùnh
löûa (IC ñaùnh löûa)
z ignition delay n. time lag
between ignition triggering and
the production of a spark: Thôøi
gian töø luùc ngaét maïch ñaùnh löûa
cho ñeán khi tia löûa xuaát hieän ôû
bougie
z ignition disabler n. standard
feature of car alarm systems:
Thieát bò ngaét ñaùnh löûa trong heä
thoáng choáng troäm.
z ignition file n. tool for filing
ignition points and other small
objects: Duõa vít löûa
(NOTE: also called contact
file,magneto file, points file):
178
ignition pattern
z ignition gauge n. blade or
wire-type feeler gauge used to
check gaps on ignition systems,
such as air gaps between
permanent magnet and trigger
wheel on electric ignitions: Laù côõ
ño khe hôû caûm bieán ñieän töø.
z ignition key n. key used to
switch on the ignition: Coâng taéc
maùy (coâng taéc ñaùnh löûa)
z ignition lag n. in a diesel
engine, the time lag between fuel
injection and combustion: Thôøi
gian treã chaùy
z ignition lead n. = IGNITION
CABLE: Daây phin.
ignition map n. electronic map stored
in the electronic control unit of
ignitions with electronic spark
timing and containing the most
favourable ignition angle/ignition
point for every operating point of
the engine: Caùc giaù trò goùc ñaùnh
löûa sôùm toái öu ñöôïc naïp vaøo
EPROM.
ignition module n. = IGNITION
CONTROL UNIT: Cuïm ñieàu
khieån ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition oscilloscope n.
oscilloscope used especially for
ignition tuneups; usually
integrated in an engine tester:
Maùy ño dao ñoäng trong heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition pattern n. display of
the waveforms in the primary or
secondary circuit of an engine
system in the firing order of the
engine; optionally parade or
display pattern and stacked or
raster pattern: Daïng xung ñaùnh
löûa
ignition point
z ignition point n. (a) moment
of spark firing: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh
löûa.
(b) = CONTACT BREAKER
POINT: Vít löûa.
z ignition point file = IGNITION
FILE: Duõa vít löûa.
z ignition retard n. ignition
after top dead centre: Söï ñaùnh
löûa treã.
z ignition switch n. actuated with
the ignition key, the ignition
switch closes the primary circuit
of the ignition system: Coâng taéc
ñaùnh löûa.
ignition system n. subsystem of the
spark ignition engine, its basic
elements being the battery, the
ignition switch, the ignition coil,
the distributor, the sparking plugs,
and the connecting cables: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa.
ignition temperature n. = FLASH
POINT: Ñieåm khôûi chaùy, nhieät
ñoä khôûi chaùy.
ignition timing n. maintenance work
performed at idle by means of a
timing light, to align the timing
marks of the engine: Caân löûa.
ignition toolkit n. set of small tools
usually comprising 8 small
openended spanners (size: 3/16 -
7/16 in), a feeler gauge, a small
screwdriver and a points file: Boä
duïng cuï söû duïng cho heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition transformer n.
transforms the primary voltage
resulting from the capacitor
discharge to the required high
voltage: Söï chuyeån ñoåi ñieän aùp
trong ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung.
179
immobilize
z ignition transistor n. transistor
that switches the primary current
of a transistorized ignition system:
Transistor coâng suaát trong heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa.
z ignition voltage n. the voltage
at which the spark jumps across
the electrodes; 30,000 V are quite
common today: Ñieän aùp ñaùnh
löûa.
I-head n. US = OVERHEAD VALVE
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô vôùi xuùpaùp
treân naép maùy
IHP = INDICATED HORSEPOWER:
Coâng suaát chæ thò
illuminated a. lip up: Chieáu saùng.
illuminated entry system = additional
courtesy lighting system which
illuminates the door entry area
when the door is ajar; consists
usually of lights in the lower door
panels and footwells: Heä thoáng
chieáu saùng loái vaøo (cöûa)
z illumination control n. =
DIMMER CONTROL: Ñieàu
khieån ñoä saùng.
imbalance n. lack of balance due to
uneven weight distribution: Söï
maát caân baèng.
IMEP = INDICATED MEAN
EFFECTIVE PRESSURE: AÙp
suaát chæ thò trung bình
IMI = INSTITUTE OF THE MOTOR
INDUSTRY: British organization
for managers in the motor
industry: Hoïc Vieän Coâng Nghieäp
OÂtoâ.
immerse v. to dip into or submerge in
a liquid: Nhaän chìm.
immobile a. unable to move: Khoâng
chaïy ñöôïc.
immobilize v. to make immobile:
impact
Laøm khoâng chaïy ñöôïc.
z immobilizer n. device that
makes something immobile (such
as a wheel clamp): Thieát bò laøm
xe khoâng chaïy ñöôïc
impact n. sudden, hard, physical
contact: Chaán ñoäng.
impact absorber = an impact-
damping element located between
bumper and bumper mounting to
keep impact energy from
propagating into the car body:
Thieát bò haáp thu chaán ñoäng.
impact cushion = some child seats
secure the child by an impact
cushion in addition to the seat belt
or straps: Ñeäm giaûm söï va chaïm
cho gheá treû em.
impact damage = damage to the tyre
wall caused by contact with the
kerb or deep pothole, etc.: Söï hö
haïi do va chaïm.
impact pipe = simplified version of an
impact absorber: OÁng giaûm söï va
chaïm.
impact sensor = CRASH SENSOR:
Caûm bieán va chaïm.
impact strength = ability of a
material to resist shock loading
strain: Ñoä beàn va chaïm.
impact stress = force per unit area
imposed on a material by an
abruptly applied force: ÖÙng suaát
treân vaät theå khi taùc duïng ñoät
ngoät
z impact adhesive n. contact glue
that provides adhesion when two
coated surfaces are pressed
together: Keo daùn.
impact resistance test n.
determination of the resistance to
breakage by flexural shock of
180
impeller
plastics, as indicated by the
energy extracted from
'standardized' pendulum-type
hammers, mounted in standard
machines, in breaking standard
specimens with one pendulum
swing: Thöû nghieäm khaû naêng vôõ
khi va chaïm cuûa nhöïa
impact-resistant = stiffened (to a
certain degree) to resist the force
of a collision: Ñöôïc gia coá ñeå
taêng söùc choáng va chaïm
impact screwdriver n. tool which
features a mechanism that
converts the impact from a
hammer into a powerful torque for
loosening (or tightening) threaded
fasteners: Vít ñoùng töï ñoäng.
impact socket n. heavy duty socket
for use with air or electric power
impact tools: Tuyùp sieát baèng hôi
hay ñieän
impact swivel ball universal joint =
the swivel ball type universal joint
is the most common type for use
with impact sockets: Khôùp noái töï
löïa
impact wrench = pneumatic or
electric tool for use with impact
sockets: Caàn sieát hôi hoaëc ñieän
impeller n. (a) rotating member of a
centrifugal pump which is
equipped with vanes to convert
mechanical energy into fluid
energy: Caùnh bôm (bôm ly taâm)
(b) (fluid coupling or torque
converter) driving member
connected to the crankshaft via
drive plate and converter cover
which generates the fluid flow
inside the converter: Caùnh bôm
bieán moâ.
impeller eye
z impeller eye n. (pump) inlet
area of an impeller: Raõnh vaøo
cuûa caùnh bôm.
z impeller pump n. centrifugal
and side-channel pump: Bôm
caùnh quaït.
imperial gallon n. UK gallon: Galoâng
Anh khoaûng 4 lít 546.
impermeable or impervious a. not
capable of being permeated,
especially by fluids: Khoâng thaám
chaát loûng
impervious to gases = not allowing
the passage of gas: Khoâng ñeå khí
ñi qua
inboard a. located near the vehicle
centre rather than at the outside:
Vuøng giöõa xe.
inboard brakes or discs = brakes
mounted on the inner end of drive
shafts rather than at the wheel
hub: Phanh beân trong (truïc)
inboard starter = Bendix starter:
Maùy ñeà kieåu baùnh raêng Bendix.
incar entertainment (ICE) n. car
audio system, typically consisting
of a radio/cassette player and
perhaps a CD player: Caùc thieát bò
giaûi trí trong xe.
incipient crack n. crack which has
just started to form: Veát nöùt sôn
môùi baét ñaàu
incline 1 n. slope: Maët nghieâng, doác.
2. v. to slope: Laøm nghieâng
inclined engine = in-line engine in
which the cylinders are inclined to
the vertical: Ñoäng cô ñaët
nghieâng.
z inclinometer n. =
CLINOMETER: Thieát bò ño ñoä
nghieâng.
181
indicator diagram
incomplete thread n. thread with
incomplete thread profile: Ren
thieáu.
in-dash gauge n. gauge mounted in
the instrument panel: Ñoàng hoà
treân tableau
indentation n. concentrated panel
damage or specific dent that may
be caused when the car hits a
relatively small obstacle, i. e. the
towbar another car: Choã thuïn vaøo
(thaân xe)
independent suspension n. separate
suspension system for any of the
wheels: Heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp.
independent front suspension (IFS)
= system in which each front
wheel is sprung independently:
Heä thoáng treo tröôùc ñoäc laäp.
independent rear suspension (IRS) =
system in which each rear wheel
is sprung independently: Heä
thoáng treo sau ñoäc laäp.
indicated horsepower (IHP) n.
theoretical power of an engine
calculated from the MEP in the
cylinders rather than at the shaft:
Coâng suaát chæ thò (ñoäng cô)
indicated mean effective pressure
(IMEP) n. average pressure
within an engine cylinder during a
working cycle, calculated from an
indicator diagram: AÙp suaát chæ thò
trung bình (ñoäng cô)
indicator n. (a) instrument for
recording engine cylinder
pressure: Ñoàng hoà ño söùc neùn.
indicator diagram = cylinder pressure
chart, plotted against the working
cycle of a piston or engine: Bieåu
ñoà aùp suaát (xylanh)
indicator (light)
(b) = DIRECTION INDICATOR:
Ñeøn baùo reõ.
indicator (light) n. lamp on an
instrument panel that lights up to
show the operation of something,
especially the illuminated arrow
that indicates the direction in
which a vehicle is about to turn:
Ñeøn baùo reõ (treân tableau)
indirect damage n. type of damage
not caused by immediate impact
but by the spread of the impact
force into other areas of the body,
e.g. bulging or dents at the rear of
the front wing and the leading
edge of the door in the case of
direct accident damage to the
front edge of the front wing: Söï
hö hoûng giaùn tieáp (khi ñuïng xe).
z indirect injection n. fuel
injection not into the main
combustion chamber but into some
kind of prechamber; injection
pressure are lower than with
direct injection and ignition lag is
short: Söï phun nhieân lieäu giaùn
tieáp.
indirect injection engine = diesel
engine using indirect injection:
Ñoäng cô diesel phun nhieân lieäu
giaùn tieáp.
indium n. metallic element: Nguyeân
toá kim loaïi kí hieäu In, soá nguyeân
töû 49.
induce v. to cause or to bring about:
Taïo ra, caûm öùng.
z to induce a voltage = to
produce a voltage by
electromagnetic induction: Taïo ra
(caûm öùng) ñieän theá
induction n. intake of air and fuel
through the carburettor, inlet
182
inductive system
manifold and inlet ports into the
combustion chamber: Söï naïp.
z induction manifold n. =
INLET MANIFOLD: Coå goùp huùt.
z induction noise n. noise
caused by the intake of air by an
engine at full throttle: Tieáng oàn
treân oáng naïp khi chaïy ga lôùn
z induction period n. period
during the charging process of the
engine that allows for the intake
of the fresh charge into the
cylinder while the inlet control, i.
e. the valve or port, remains open:
Khoaûng thôøi gian (kyø) naïp
z induction pipe n. the duct,
typically an alloy manifold,
between throttle and cylinder
head; the absolute pressure in the
induction pipe, the so-called
intake vacuum, is indicative of
engine load and is used to control
many engine related functions:
OÁng naïp
z induction port n. (2-stroke
engines) the port in the cylinder
wall used for admission of the
fresh charge into the cylinder:
Coång naïp, coång huùt (2 kyø)
z induction stroke n. that phase
of the 4-stroke cycle during which
the inlet valve is open and the
piston descends from TDC to
BDC, drawing air (in a diesel
engine) or an air/fuel mixture (in a
SI engine) into the cylinder: Thì
naïp.
z induction system n. part of the
fuel system in a SI engine,
including air filter, carburettor or
injectors, inlet manifold, inlet
ports and valves: Heä thoáng naïp.
induction-type pulse generator
z induction-type pulse
generator n. = MAGNETIC
PICK - UP ASSEMBLY: Caûm
bieán ñieän töø loaïi nam chaâm
ñöùng yeân.
inductive ignition system n.
ignition system where the primary
energy is stored in an inductor or
an ignition coil: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
löûa ñieän caûm.
z inductive (pulse) pick-up n. =
MAGNETIC PICK-UP
ASSEMBLY: Caûm bieán ñieän töø
loaïi nam chaâm ñöùng yeân
z inductive winding n. = PICK-
UP COIL: Cuoän daây caûm bieán
ñieän töø.
inert a. lacking a chemical action;
property of the separators used
between the plates of a battery:
Trô, khoâng taùc duïng hoùa hoïc
inert arc welding n. a family of arc
welding processes in the fusion
welding category: Haøn hoà quang
baèng khí trô (argon)
inertia drive n. = BENDIX DRIVE :
Truyeàn ñoäng quaùn tính (khôûi
ñoäng)
inertia pinion = pinion used in an
inertia drive: Baùnh raêng quaùn
tính.
z inertia fuel cutoff switch n. =
FUEL PUMP SHUT-OFF
SWITCH: Coâng taéc caét bôm
nhieân lieäu baèng quaùn tính (an
toaøn)
inertia reel seat belt n. 3-point seat
belt with an automatic retractor
reel: Ñai an toaøn duøng löïc quaùn
tính ñeå ruùt
infant safety seat n. = BABY SEAT
infinitely variable transmission n. =
183
inhibitor
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE
TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp
inflammable a. capable of being
easily ignited and of burning
quickly: Deã chaùy.
inflate v. to fill with air: Bôm hôi
z inflation control seam = a
system of inflation control seams
on advanced air bags to control
the inflation speed and inflation
characteristics: Thieát bò ñieàu
khieån toác ñoä bung goái hôi
(NOTE: also called tear seam,
whose negative connotations are
perhaps inappropriate in a safety-
related context)
z inflation pressure n. = TYRE
PRESSURE: Aùp suaát loáp (voû).
inflator (unit) n. assembly beneath
the folded air bag, consisting of a
combustion chamber with a bridge
igniter, a detonator and a priming
charge surrounded by the solid
propellant, and a metal filter:
Buoàng giaõn nôû trong goái hôi
infrared radiant drier n. infrared
lamp which accelerates the drying
of large areas of fresh paint: Ñeøn
hoàng ngoaïi haáp sôn
z infrared (IR) remote control
n. the control of an operation by
means of an infrared beam
transmitted to a receiver (e. g.
garage door, central locking, car
alarm system, etc.): Ñieàu khieån
töø xa baèng hoàng ngoaïi
ingress n. entry: Ngoõ vaøo.
inhibit v. to hinder or to prevent:
Ngaên chaën, kieàm cheá.
z inhibitor n. additive which
retards or prevents an undesirable
reaction, e.g. phosphates, anti-
inject
oxidants: Chaát öùc cheá.
(NOTE: opposite is catalyst)
inject (with) v. to introduce a fluid
(into something) under pressure:
Phun
z injected engine n. = FUEL-
INJECTED ENGINE: Ñoäng cô
phun xaêng.
z injection-moulded a.
produced by an injection moulding
machine or process: Ñuùc nhöïa
kieåu phun
injection moulding machine =
machine used to produce
preformed plastic body panels:
Maùy ñuùc nhöïa kieåu phun
injection period n. the length of time
for which fuel is sprayed into the
inlet ports or combustion chamber
during fuel injection: Thôøi gian
phun.
injection pump n. pump which
receives fuel from the fuel tank
(often through the fuel-feed pump
in the case of diesel engines) and
delivers it under pressure to the
injectors: Bôm nhieân lieäu (cao
aùp).
injector n. precision-made device for
spraying fuel into the inlet ports or
combustion chamber: Kim phun.
injector nozzle = tip of the injector,
either of multi-hole design for
direct injection or pintle design for
indirect injection: Voøi phun.
inlet cam (shaft) n. the cam
responsible for the actuation of
the inlet valve in DOHC engines:
Cam naïp
z inlet line n. pipe or hose on
the intake side of a component,
through which a fluid is supplied
184
inlet valve
by gravity from a reservoir or tank
located at a higher level; e. g.
from coolant expansion tank to
radiator, or from brake fluid
reservoir to master brake cylinder:
OÁng naïp töø thuøng (phanh, bình
nöôùc phu)ï
z inlet manifold or US intake
manifold n. the component which
guides the intake air to the
cylinder head inlet ports; usually
an aluminium casting or a GRP
moulding, with one inlet opening
and as many outlets as there are
cylinders in the engine: Coå goùp
huùt, oáng goùp huùt
inlet manifold heater = FLAME
GLOW PLUG
inlet over exhaust engine (IOE
engine) n. engine design used on
early cars: Ñoäng cô ñöôøng naïp
treân ñöôøng thaûi.
(NOTE: also called Fhead
engine)
inlet port or US intake port n. (of 4-
stroke engines) part of the intake
system inside the cylinder head,
from the inlet manifold flange to
the valve ports of the combustion
chamber: Coång naïp.
z inlet stroke n. = INDUCTION
STROKE: Thì naïp.
z inlet tract n. a branch of the
inlet manifold leading to an inlet
port: Nhaùnh oáng naïp cho töøng xy
lanh
z inlet valve or US intake valve
n. in 4-stroke IC engines, usually
a poppet valve, located in the
cylinder head, operated directly or
indirectly by a camshaft; the inlet
valve is usually larger and (on
inlet valve closes (IVC)
used engines) cleaner than the
exhaust valve; it is only open
during the induction stroke:
Xuùpaùp naïp.
inlet valve closes (IVC) = mark on a
valvetiming diagram: Daáu chæ
supaùp naïp ñoùng
inlet valve opens (IVO) = mark on a
valvetiming diagram: Daáu chæ
supaùp naïp môû
in-line engine n. multi-cylinder
engine, usually with three or more
cylinders that are arranged
parallel to one another and are
either mounted vertically or at an
angle (sloper engine) in one single
line; the pistons that reciprocate in
these cylinders in turn drive a
common crankshaft: Ñoäng cô
thaúng haøng.
(NOTE: also called straight
engine)
z in-line power steering n.
power-assisted steering applied
within the steering box or rack:
Trôï löïc laùi thaúng haøng
z in-line pump n. pump whose
suction and discharge branches
are arranged in line for direct
installation into the pipework;
special foundations are
unnecessary, and the absence of
shaft couplings eliminates
alignment problems: Bôm pittoâng
coù ñöôøng huùt vaø ñöôøng xaû thaúng
haøng
inner attachment face n. the part of
the brake disc directly fixed to the
wheel hub: Maët ñóa phanh phía
baét vôùi truïc
z inner cone n. small, innermost
part of the flame at the tip of a
185
inorganic
blowtorch, the shape of which
indicates the torch adjustment:
Loõi ngoïn löûa haøn.
z inner cylinder n. working
chamber of a double-tube shock
absorber: Xylanh con (oáng giaûm
chaán).
z inner dead centre (see TOP
DEAD CENTRE): Ñieåm cheát
treân
z inner headlight n. the inner
one of twin headlights (as for
BMWs or the Jaguar XJ series);
usually for main beam only: Ñeøn
pha phía trong (loaïi 4 ñeøn)
(NOTE: opposite is outer
headlight)
z inner liner n. innermost layer
of a tubeless tyre which provides
an airtight barrier: Lôùp laøm kín
beân trong voû (khoâng ruoät)
z inner mounting face n. =
INNER ATTACHMENT FACE
z inner race n. inner track of a
ball bearing: Raõnh trong cuûa oå bi
(voøng bi)
z innerspring seat n. sturdy,
sofalike seat design using spring
coils as damping elements; used
mainly by Mercedes-Benz: Gheá
ngoài ñeäm loø xo.
z inner tube n. inflatable rubber
tube inside a tyre: Ruoät xe.
(NOTE: nearly all modern tyres
are tubeless)
inorganic a. pertaining to or composed
of chemical compounds which do
not contain carbon as the principal
element, i.e. matter which does
not come from plants or animals:
Chaát voâ cô
(NOTE: opposite is organic)
input shaft
input shaft n. = CLUTCH SHAFT:
Truïc vaøo (truïc ly hôïp)
z input variable n. the object of
measurement and control; e.g.
pressure, temperature, etc.:
Thoâng soá ngoû vaøo (ñieàu khieån)
insert n. technique of permanently
joining plastics and other
materials, e. g. embedding steel
clips in a moulded plastic cover:
Kyõ thuaät loàng chaát khaùc vaøo
nhöïa
inside caliper n. machinist's
caliper used to check inside
dimensions: Calip ño trong.
z inside diameter (ID) n. the
internal diameter of a cylinder or
tube: Ñöôøng kính trong.
inside spring caliper n. inside
caliper with spring for accurate
setting: Calíp ño trong coù loø xo
giöõ.
insolation n. exposure to the rays of
the sun: Söï phôi naéng.
inspection n. type of examination
which serves to evaluate the
operating condition of a major
component or system; the
inspection may identify the need
for servicing or repair: Söï kieåm
tra kyõ tìm choã hö hoûng.
inspection lamp = mains-powered
lamp with a long lead, used in
garages to inspect the underside
of cars and under the bonnet: Ñeøn
soi ñeå kieåm tra coù theå di chuyeån
ñöôïc.
inspection lot = certain quantity of a
particular item chosen at random
for quality testing: Loâ kieåm tra
(ngaãu nhieân)
inspection mirror = tool used to
186
instrument panel
inspect hidden areas on
automotive parts: Göông ñeå quan
saùt nhöõng phaàn khoù nhìn thaáy
treân xe.
inspection pit = pit in the floor of a
garage providing working space
underneath a vehicle: Haàm kieåm
tra gaàm xe.
install v. to put something in position
ready for use: Laép ñaët.
z installation n. putting
something in position ready for
use: Söï laép ñaët.
(NOTE: opposite is removal)
z installed height n. height at
which something is placed in
position: Chieàu cao laép ñaët.
instant spare n. = EMERGENCY
INFLATOR
institute of road transport engineers
(IRTE) British organization set up
to increase the competence and
professionalism of vehicle owners
and drivers: Hoïc vieän giao thoâng
instrument cluster n. (a) array of
separate gauges in one housing; a
component of the
instrument panel including
analogue or digital instruments
and indicators, but no controls
except for the trip mileage reset
button on some cars: Tableau xe.
(b) several gauges integrated into
one instrument, making one unit
combining several functions, e. g.
engine temperature, oil pressure
and fuel gauge; if one gauge fails,
the entire instrument cluster must
be replaced: Tableau xe
z instrument panel n. panel
below the windscreen which
accommodates the instruments
instruments and controls
and controls: Baûng ñoàng hoà vaø
coâng taéc ñieàu khieån.
(NOTE: also called dash,
dashboard, fascia)
z instruments and controls n.
general term covering all gauges,
indicators, switches, regulators,
and buttons: Heä thoáng ño ñaïc vaø
ñieàu khieån
insulate v. to cover with non-
conducting material, so as to
prevent the transmission of heat,
electricity or sound: Boïc laïi ñeå
caùch ñieän hoaëc nhieät
z insulating cap n. insulated top
of the coil tower: Ñaàu caùch ñieän
treân boâbin.
z insulating tape n. PVC tape
for wrapping round electrical
connections: Baêng keo quaán daây.
z insulation n. (a) the process
of insulating: Söï caùch ñieän.
(b) the material used for
insulating: Chaát caùch ñieän.
z insulator n. (a) material
without free electrons which,
therefore, is a poor conductor of
electricity: Vaät lieäu caùch ñieän.
(b) = SPARKING PLUG
INSULATOR: Söù caùch ñieän
(bougie)
insulator nose or tip = the tip of a
sparking plug: OÁng söù caùch ñieän.
insurance premium n. regular
payment for an insurance policy:
Phí baûo hieåm
intake manifold n. US = INLET
MANIFOLD: Coå goùp huùt.
z intake pipe n. = INDUCTION
PIPE
z intake plenum n. = PLENUM
CHAMBER
187
inter-cell link
z intake port n. US = INLET
PORT
z intake stroke n. US =
INDUCTION STROKE
z intake valve n. US = INLET
VALVE
integral a. forming part of a whole:
Toaøn boä, nguyeân khoái.
z integral body and frame
construction n. = UNITARY
CONSTRUCTION: Caáu truùc tích
hôïp khung vôùi söôøn xe
z integral colour anodizing n.
anodizing process in which the
colour is produced by using
special electrolytes: Quaù trình
anoát hoaù ñeå taïo maøu
z integral moulded seat n. seat
with integrated 3-point seat belt:
Gheá xe dính vôùi ñai an
z integral-type power (assisted)
steering n. = IN-LINE POWER
STEERING: Trôï löïc laùi kieåu moät
khoái.
z integrated child (safety) seat
n. rear seat that can be converter
into a child seat: Gheá an toaøn
daønh cho treû em.
z Integrated Direct Ignition
(IDI) system n. distributorless
ignition system consisting of two
separate ignition coils, an ignition
module, a secondary conductor
housing mounted to an aluminium
cover plate, a crankshaft sensor,
and electronic spark timing: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp tích
hôïp.
inter-axle differential n. =
CENTRE DIFFERENTIAL: Caàu
trung taâm (caàu chính)
z inter-cell link n. electric
interchangeable head torque wrench
conductor that carries electric
current between the adjacent cells
of a battery: Thanh noái giöõa caùc
ngaên aéc quy
interchangeable head torque
wrench n. wrench that does not
have the usual square drive for
use with sockets, but is designed
to accept special interchangeable
heads: Chìa khoùa coù ñaàu tuyùp
thay ñoåi ñöôïc
intercoat adhesion failure n.
situation in which one coat of
finish peels off or can easily be
stripped off with masking tape
from another layer underneath:
Bong sôn
intercooler n. heat exchanger of the
air-to-air or air-to-water type
which lowers the charge air
temperature to obtain higher air
density and better volumetric
efficiency: Boä giaûi nhieät cho khí
naïp trong heä thoáng taêng aùp.
z intercooling n. cooling of the
charge air between compressor
and engine: Söï giaûi nhieät khí
naïp.
intercrystalline or intergranular
corrosion n. small outbreaks of
rust occurring along crystal
boundaries of metals or alloys:
Veáât ræ beân trong kim loaïi
interference n. noise from the
ignition system that affects radio
and TV reception: Söï nhieãu voâ
tuyeán töø heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa.
interior n. & a. (the) inside (of) a
vehicle: Noäi thaát xe.
interior light = COURTESY LIGHT:
Ñeøn traàn.
interior mirror = rearview mirror
188
intermediate gear
located centrally near the top of
the windscreen: Göông chieáu
haäu.
interior noise level = level of noise
inside the vehicle, typically in the
range from 45 - 90 dBA from idle
to full throttle; at 70 mph between
66 - 87 dBA: Möùc oàn beân trong
xe.
interior trim = panels, linings,
decorative facings, upholstery and
covers inside a vehicle: Ñoà trang
trí trong xe.
interleaf friction n. friction between
individual leaves of a leaf spring:
Söï ma saùt giöõa caùc laù nhíp.
interlock 1 v. (gear train members)
to fit together: Khôùp vaøo nhau,
caøi vaøo nhau.
2 n. device in a changespeed
gearbox which prevents two gears
being engaged at the same time:
Cô caáu choáng keït soá khi sang soá
intermediate 1 a. between two
things or extremes: Trung gian,
giöõa.
2 n. American car category, with
space for 5 - 6 passengers and a
length of 207 - 215 ins.: Xe Myõ
loaïi trung vôùi 5, 6 choã.
z intermediate coat n. any coat
of paint between the first coat
(primer) and last coat (finish):
Lôùp sôn giöõa.
z intermediate (drive) plate or
interplate n. disc between the
driven plates in a twin plate
clutch: Ñóa truyeàn ñoäng trung
gian.
z intermediate gear n. any
gear between bottom gear and top
gear, but usually refers to second
intermediate rod
or third gears: Baùnh raêng trung
gian.
z intermediate rod n.
RELAY ROD: Thanh ngang.
z intermediate shaft n. rotating
shaft joining two other shafts:
Truïc trung gian.
intermittent a. occurring at regular or
irregular intervals: Ngaét quaõng,
giaùn ñoaïn.
intermittent fault = fault which
comes and goes (and annoyingly
never occurs when the car is taken
in to the garage for repair!): Truïc
traëc, hö hoûng khoâng lieân tuïc.
intermittent wiper control n.
operates the wipers at preset
intervals; typically adjustable
from 2 to 40 seconds : Söï ñieàu
khieån ngaét quaõng caàn gaït nöôùc.
(NOTE: US English is mist
action)
internal circlip pliers n. special
pliers with pointed jaw tips for the
installation and removal of
internal circlips: Kìm môû phe beân
trong.
internal combustion (IC) engine n.
type of engine in which the fuel is
burned within the cylinders of the
engine (as opposed to, for
example, the steam engine) and
the gaseous combustion products
serve as the thermodynamic fluid;
the spent gases are released into
the atmosphere; the term internal
combustion engine covers all
types of reciprocating and rotary
engines, but is typically used with
reference to fourstroke petrol and
diesel engines: Ñoäng cô ñoát
trong.
internal vane pump
internal damage n. damage to the
body shell that is not usually
= visible from the outside: Söï hö
haïi beân trong.
internal diameter n. = INSIDE
DIAMETER: Ñöôøng kính trong.
z internal gear n. internally
toothed annulus gear: Baùnh raêng
trong, voøng raêng trong.
z internal gear pump n. gear
pump which has one rotor with
internally cut teeth meshing with
an externally cut gear idler; a
crescent-shaped partition is used
to prevent liquid from passing
back to the suction side of the
pump; a typical oil pump,
characterized by quiet operation
and high capacity: Bôm baùnh
raêng
z internal micrometer n.
micrometer for inside
measurements such as distances
between two parallel surfaces or
inside diameters of cylinder and
main bearing bores: Vi keá ño
trong (panme)
internal resistance n. the resistance
inherent in a voltage source, such
as a battery: Ñieän trôû trong (aéc
quy).
internal thread n. thread on the
inside of a nut or similar into
which the external thread of a bolt
or screw fits: Ren trong.
(NOTE: also called female
thread)
z internal vane pump n. =
SLIDING-VANE PUMP: Bôm
kieåu caùnh tröôït.
International Standards
Organization (ISO) n.
189
interplate Izod method

Genevabased organization angle from which they are

established (in its present form) in
1947 to standardize units of
measurement and technical
design: Toå chöùc tieâu chuaån quoác
teá.
interplate n. = INTERMEDIATE
(DRIVE) PLATE
interruptor n. see THERMOSTATIC
INTERRUPTOR
intersection n. road junction: Söï
giao nhau cuûa ñöôøng
interval operation n. intermittent
operation: Söï hoaït ñoäng ngaét
quaõng.
IOE engine n. = INLET OVER
EXHAUST ENGINE
ion n. electrically charged particle
formed by losing or gaining
electrons; particles of this type
make a solution of certain
chemicals a conductor of
electricity: Ion.
z ioniccurrent measuring
method or technique n.
measuring the conductivity in the
spark gap in order to select a
sparking plug of the correct heat
range: Kyõ thuaät (phöông phaùp)
ño ñieän trôû khe hôû bougie ñeå xaùc
ñònh chæ soá nhieät.
iridescent a. displaying a spectrum of
glittering, shimmering colours;
often changing as the position or
observed, changes: OÙng aùnh
nhieàu maøu saéc.
iron n. (a) most common metallic
element, used for making steel:
Saét.
(b) US = TYRE LEVER
IR remote control n. = INFRARED
REMOTE CONTROL
IRS = INDEPENDENT REAR
SUSPENSION
isooctane n. liquid hydrocarbon used
to determine the octane rating of
fuels: Hydrocarbon loûng duøng ñeå
xaùc ñònh chæ soá octane
isolator n. item that prevents
interaction between two
components: Vaät ngaên caùch
Izod method or test n. impact
resistance test in which the
specimen is held as a vertical
cantilever beam and is broken by
a single swing of a pendulum, with
the line of initial contact at a fixed
distance from the specimen clamp
and from the centreline of the
notch and on the same face as the
notch: Phöông phaùp Izod ñeå
kieåm tra ñoä cöùng.

190
jack
Jj
jack n. mechanical or hydraulic
device for raising (part of) a car:
Caùi kích, con ñoäi.
jack stand = AXLE STAND: Con ñoäi
keâ, con ñoäi cheát (3 chaân)
jack up v. to raise using a jack: Kích
leân (xe oâtoâ).
jacking point = strengthened place on
the under body to put the jack:
Ñieåm ñaët kích (döôùi gaàm xe)
(NOTE: small cars have one point
on each side but larger cars may
have two)
jackknife v. (of articulated lorries)
to go out of control when braking
harshly so that the trailer slews
round at an angle to the cab: Maát
ñieàu khieån khi phanh (xe keùo
container)
jackshaft n. = INTERMEDIATE
SHAFT: Truïc trung gian.
jalopy n. (informal) a worn-out old
car: OÂtoâ raát cuõ.
jamb switch n. push-button light
switch located in a door jamb (e.
g. for courtesy lights, boot light):
Coâng taéc cöûa
jam nut n. = SELF-LOCKING NUT:
Ñai oác töï haõm.
jerking see JOLTING
jet n. (i) precision-made hole to
control the flow of petrol, air or
air/ fuel mixture, as in a
carburettor: Gíclô, loã tia.
(ii) the nozzle containing such a
hole: Voøi phun.
jet adjuster = nut that regulates the
volume or strength of the air / fuel
mixture in a variable-choke
191
jockey pulley
carburettor: Vít ñieàu chænh gíclô.
jet bearing = bearing in a Stromberg
carburettor: Voøng ñôõ loã tia chính.
jet carrier or jet head = removable
plug in a carburettor containing
the jet: OÁc ñaäy loã gíclô.
jet needle = tapered needle in a
carburettor jet: Kim loã tia.
jet tube = tube that houses the main
jet in an SU carburettor: OÁng
chöùa gíclô chính.
jet process n. process by which the
thickness of hot-dip galvanized
coating on steel strips can be
regulated, allowing the application
of coatings of different
thicknesses on the two sides of
steel strips: Quaù trình ñieàu chænh
beà daøy lôùp
J-flange n. most widely used rim
flange type for passenger car
wheels; the J-flange is 17.3 mm in
height: Meùp nieàng hình chöõ J.
jib-jack n. lever-type tower jack:
Kích naâng baèng caàn
JJD wheel n. safety wheel which can
be run when deflated: Baùnh xe an
toaøn (coù theå chaïy khi xeïp)
job n. particular piece of work: Coâng
vieäc, vieäc.
lube job = lubrication of an engine: Söï
boâi trôn ñoäng cô.
valve job = replacing or regrinding old
valves: Söï thay theá hay maøi laïi
xuùpaùp.
jockey pulley or wheel n. free-
turning, spring-loaded idler used
to tension the timing belt: Puli
caêng ñai.
joggle
joggle 1 n. slight step along the edge
of a panel to provide a level
mounting and welding surface so
that it can be overlapped against
the adjacent panel for subsequent
lap or spot welding: Gôø, vaáu,
khung
2 v. to join by means of a joggle:
Noái baèng gôø.
z joggler n. metalworking tool
used for creating a joggle: Duïng
cuï taïo vaáu.
joint n. the interface at which two or
more mechanical or structural
components are united: Khôùp noái,
moái noái, moái gheùp.
z joint splitting tool n. = BALL
JOINT SEPARATOR: Duïng cuï
thaùo khôùp noái caàu.
jolting n. effect caused by harsh
clutch release: car body jerks
repeatedly in a longitudinal
direction: Söï giaät leân , söï xoùc leân
khi nhaû ly hôïp.
joule n. SI unit of measurement of
energy: Ñôn vò naêng löôïng, kí
hieäu J.
(NOTE: usually written J with
figures: 25J)
jounce and rebound n. = BUMP
AND REBOUND
z jounce buffer or bumper n.
compression buffer at the top of
the shock absorber or strut: Caùi
ñeäm giaûm xoùc.
journal n. the part of a shaft which is
supported by a bearing: Coå truïc.
192
just-in-time system
joyride 1 n. a reckless drive in a
stolen car: Chaïy xe lieàu lónh
trong xe aên caép
judder 1 v. to shake or vibrate: Rung
xoùc.
2 n. shaking or vibration (brake
judder; clutch judder; wiper blade
judder): Söï rung xoùc.
juggernaut n. a very large goods
lorry: Xe taûi naëng.
jumper cable n. US = JUMP
LEAD: Daây noái taét.
z jump leads n. pair of well-
insulated electrical cables with
crocodile-clip ends, used to
connect the two live terminals of a
functioning battery to the dead
terminals of a flat one to get a car
with a discharged battery started :
Caëp daây noái aéc quy ngoaøi ñeå
khôûi ñoäng
z jump start v. to start a car with
a flat battery using jump leads to
obtain a charge from a nearby live
battery: Khôûi ñoäng baèng caùch
noái aéc quy ngoaøi.
junk 1 n. scrap: Pheá lieäu, söï caét vuïn.
2 v. to scrap: Caét vuïn, ñaäp vuïn
ra.
z junkyard n. place where cars
are sent for scrap: Baõi xe pheá lieäu
just-in-time system n. system of
production where components are
delivered as they are required
rather than keeping them in store:
Heä thoáng saûn xuaát nhòp nhaøng
(Nhaät)
Kadenacy effect
Kk
Kadenacy effect n. when a port a
two-stroke engine opens abruptly,
as is the case with a rectangular
exhaust port, the cylinder pressure
gives rise to a positive pressure
wave transmitted down the
exhaust pipe at the speed of sound
Kadenacy: Hieäu öùng Kadenacy.
kangarooing n. (informal) moving
forward in a succession of sudden
jerks as a result of improper use of
the clutch, (a characteristic of
learner drivers): xe chaïy khoâng
ñeàu do ngöôøi môùi hoïc laùi
keep alive memory (KAM) n. =
FAULT MEMORY: Boä nhôù maõ
loãi.
kerb n. stone edging between the
pavement and the road: Leà
ñöôøng.
(NOTE: US English is curb)
z kerb weight n. weight of a
vehicle with fuel, oil and coolant
but without occupants, luggage or
payload: Khoái löôïng xe khoâng coù
ngöôøi vaø haønh lyù
kerosene or kerosine n.(a) fuel for
jet engines: Xaêng cho ñoäng cô
phaûn löïc.
(b) US = PARAFFIN: Daàu hoûa.
key 1 n. (a) metal instrument for
turning locks and key-operated
switches: Chìa khoùa.
(b)small peg or wedge that fits
into a keyway: Chìa khoùa.
(c ) L-shaped tool for turning:
Khoùa chöõ L ñeå quay
(d) recessed screws (e.g.Allen
key): Khoùa.
193
kickdown valve
z key file n. small file with a
length of 100/ 150 mm for
sharpening key holes and other
small components, available in
standard shapes, e. g. as flat
tapered, flat parallel, half round,
three square, square or round file:
Duõa nhoû maøi loã khoùa
keyless entry system n. allows
locking and unlocking of the
vehicle's doors and boot without
using a key: Heä thoáng khoùa cöûa
khoâng chìa khoùa (töø xa).
keyway n. slot cut into a component
which accepts the key (b) of
another component to ensure such
a tight fit that the two components
operate as one: Raõnh ñuùt chìa
khoùa.
K-flange n. rim flange type for
passenger car wheels; the K-
flange is 19.3 mm in height and
rarely used today : Meùp nieàng xe
kieåu K.
kick v. US = GO OFF : Xuaát phaùt.
z kickdown (KD) n. (automatic
gearbox) system that enables a
driver to accelerate rapidly, by
fully depressing the accelerator
pedal to engage a lower gear than
the one selected by the automatic
gearbox: Heä thoáng gia toác nhanh
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng baèng caùch
ñaïp heát ga.
(NOTE: US English is forced
downshift)
kickdown valve = mechanically or
electrically operated valve which
actuates a downward gearchange
kickplate
if the accelerator pedal is fully
depressed: Van xuoáng soá khi
taêng toác
z kickplate or kick strip n. =
SCUFF PLATE
z kick start v. to start a
motorcycle engine by kicking a
pedal downwards: Caàn khôûi
ñoäng.
z kickstarter n. pedal lever and
ratchet mechanism for kick
starting an engine: Cô caáu khôûi
ñoäng baèng caàn (gioø ñaïp)
z kickup n. raised section of the
frame and body to provide
clearance for the front and/or rear
suspension system or axles: Söï
naâng gaàm
z kickup pipe = exhaust pipe
section including the elbow or U
around the rear axle: OÁng uoán
khuùc cuûa boä giaûm thanh (poâ)
kidney dolly n. = TOE DOLLY
kilometre (km) or US kilometer n.
unit of length (1 km = 0.621 mile;
1 mile = 1.61 km)
kilometres per hour (km/h) = unit of
velocity: Ñôn vò ño vaän toác.
kilopascal (kPa) n. SI measurement
of pressure (= 1000 Pascals): Ñôn
vò ño aùp suaát.
kingpin n. vertical or inclined shaft
about which a steered wheel
pivots: Truï quay laùi.
kingpin axis = centreline of the ball
joints in a front suspension
system: Ñöôøng taâm cuûa khôùp bi
trong heä thoáng treo tröôùc
(NOTE: also called swivel-axis
inclination)
kingpin offset = geometric parameter:
'positive' if the kingpin axis
194
knock limit
intersects the wheel plane at or
below ground level, ' negative ' if
the point of intersection is above
ground level: Ñoäï ñieàu chænh goùc
kingpin.
(NOTE: also called scrub radius)
kink 1 n. twist or sharp bend in a
hose: Choã thaét nuùt, choã xoaén
treân oáng meàm
2 v. to form a kink (check for
kinked, clogged, or damaged
hoses): Thaét nuùt, xoaén laïi (oáng
meàm)
kit n. set of tools, parts, etc.: Boä
duïng cuï, boä phuï tuøng
z kit car n. car that is assembled
(often by the DIY enthusiast) from
its constituent parts; usually with a
GRP body shell: Xe töï laép
K-jetronic n. commonly used
mechanical fuel injection system
made by Bosch in which the
amount of fuel injected
continuously under pressure into
the inlet ports is controlled by an
airflow meter: Heä thoáng phun
xaêng cô khí.
km (short for) kilometre
km/h = kilometres per hour
knifing stopper n. fine grade filler
for minor dents and chips: Loaïi
ma tit ñeå daëm vaù caùc vuøng loõm
nhoû treân thaân xe
knock n. = ENGINE KNOCK:
Tieáng goõ ñoäng cô, kích noå.
z knock control n. retards the
spark advance when detonation
occurs: Söï kieåm soaùt kích noå.
knocker n. (informal US) = PANEL
PULLER
knock limit n. degree of spark
advance before detonation: Goùc
knock-off/on nut
ñaùnh löûa sôùm taïi thôøi ñieåm coù
kích noå.
knock-off/on nut n. = SPINNER
z knock-off wheel n. splined-
hub wheel with one central
locking nut (spinner) which is
knocked on and off with a soft-
headed hammer: baùnh xe moät
khoaù
knock resistance n. = OCTANE
NUMBER: Chæ soá choáng kích noå.
z knock sensor n.
DETONATION SENSOR: Caûm
bieán kích noå.
knuckle n. (i) the joint of a hinge
through which the pin passes:
Baûn leà
KPI
(ii) hinged joint between two rods
or tubes: Khôùp noái hai truïc (oáng)
z knuckle arm n. = STEERING
ARM: Truïc daãn höôùng.
z knuckle pin n. = KINGPIN
knurl 1 n. (on nuts, knobs) (series
of) small ridges to provide a grip
for fingers: Khía treân oác ñeå deã
vaën.
2 v. to roughen with knurls:
Taïo khía.
= knurled nut = thumb nut with knurled
sides : Ñai oác coù khía
z knurling n. roughening with
knurls: Söï taïo khía.
KPI = KINGPIN INCLINATION:
Ñoä nghieâng truï quay laùi.
195
L lamp blackening
Ll
L (a) (automatic transmission) =
LOW: Soá thaáp (hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
Labour v. (engine) to struggle to
keep turning due to lack of revs or
the use of too high a gear: Di
chuyeån voøng khoù vì toác ñoä thaáp
hoaëc soá cao.
z labouring n. (of engine) having
difficulty in turning: Söï di chuyeån
voøng khoù khaên.
(NOTE: US English is lugging)
ladder chassis or US ladder frame n.
chassis layout in which the side
members are connected at
intervals by cross members, like a
ladder; common on coachbuilt
designs, obsolete in modern
unitary construction designs:
Khung xe hình caùi thang.
lake pipes or Lake pipes n. non
functional side pipes fitted for
decorative purposes only: Caùc
oáng beân hoâng ñeå laøm ñeïp xe.
lambda n. eleventh letter of the
Greek alphabet: Heä soá dö löôïng
khoâng khí λ, chöõ caùi Hylaïp.
z lambda probe or lambda
sensor n. = OXYGEN SENSOR:
Caûm bieán oxy, caûm bieán lambda.
z lambda window n. narrow
range (where lambda = 1), which
yields the lowest emission values
for CO, NOx, and HC: Vuøng
quanh ñieåm tyû leä hoaø khí lyù
töôûng λ = 1
laminate 1 n. a sheet of material
made of several different bonded
layers: Taám laøm töø nhieàu lôùp
khaùc nhau.
196
2. v. to make material by bonding
together several thin sheets: Ñöôïc
eùp ra töø nhieàu taám
z laminated glass = sandwich-
type construction of two or more
panes of glass laminated together
with an extremely tough, crystal-
clear plastic film; on severe
impact, laminated glass will crack,
but not shatter like ordinary glass,
nor craze over like toughened
glass: Kính an toaøn coù nhieàu lôùp
(khi ñuïng chæ nöùt maø khoâng vôõ).
z laminated iron core = the core
of an ignition coil consisting of
pieces of soft iron laminations,
insulated from one another: Loõi
saét cuûa boâbin goàm nhieàu mieáng
gheùp laïi.
z laminated windscreen =
windscreen made with laminated
glass: Kính tröôùc ñöôïc eùp töø
nhieàu mieáng moûng.
z laminating n. covering sheets
with a particular layer or covering
moulded parts with a specific
plastic film: EÙp nhöïa
z lamination n. (i) act of
laminating (ii) thin layer (iii)
structure made up of thin layer:
Söï eùp, lôùp moûng, caáu truùc laøm
töø nhieàu lôùp moûng.
lamp n. lighting unit: Caùi ñeøn.
z lamp aperture = opening in a
sheet metal panel for mounting
the headlamp or taillight: Loã
khung baét ñeøn ñaàu hoaëc ñuoâi.
z lamp blackening = blackening
of a light bulb; gradual blackening
lamp cluster
of conventional, i. e. non-halogen
light bulbs, occurs as a result of
metal vapour deposition on the
glass envelope which reduces
light emission; severe blackening
indicates imminent bulb failure:
Söï ñen ñaàu boùng ñeøn do
vonfram boác hôi.
z lamp cluster = group of lamps
behind a cover; the rear lights of
most cars are grouped together in
clusters: Cuïm ñeøn goàm nhieàu
boùng gaàn nhau.
zlamp panel = panel that
encloses part or all of the
headlamp or taillight cutout and
may extend across the width of
the car to include both cutouts; in
the latter case, it forms an
additional panel to be joined to
the smaller front or rear valances:
Khung ñeøn
z lamp socket US = BULB
HOLDER: Ñui ñeøn, loã caém boùng
ñeøn.
z lamp unit = sealed light unit
with reflector and lens all-in-one:
Cuïm ñeøn tích hôïp goàm caû göông
phaûn chieáu vaø laêng kính.
land n. smooth, open area of a
(grooved) surface, such as the
bands of metal between the
grooves in a piston which carry
the piston rings: Raõnh xeùc maêng.
landau or landaulet n. classic car
style characterized by the fact that
only the rear seats were protected
by a hard or convertible top,
whereas the driver was exposed to
the open air in order to be more
aware of road and weather
conditions; an imitation landaulet
197
lateral
style is still found on some
American sedans (saloons): Loaïi
xe coå ñieån mui traàn nhöng coù
taám che gheá sau
lane n. (a) narrow road, often in the
country: Ñöôøng heïp
(b) track on a road, defining lines
of traffic: Laøn xe, tuyeán.
lap 1 n. rotating disc covered with
fine abrasive for polishing: Ñaù
maøi.
2 v. (valve seats etc.) to polish
with a lap: Maøi (ñeá suù paùp) baèng
ñaù maøi.
z lap belt n. 2-point belt pulled
across the hips, or lap belt portion
of a combined lap/shoulder belt;
mostly only on the rear centre
seat, on some models on all rear
seats: Ñai an toaøn buoäc qua
hoâng.
z lap joint n. (welding) simple
joint made by overlapping one
surface with another and joining
them together: Söï gheùp mí, haøn
choàng mí.
lash n. US = FREE PLAY: Khoaûng
dòch chuyeån töï do.
last station memory n. (audio/video)
circuit which ensures that when
the unit is turned on, the tuner
automatically tunes to the station
that was received before the unit
was turned off: Maïch nhôù ñaøi
cuoái (radio, TV)
latch n. part of the locking
mechanism of doors, bonnets,
boots, tailgates: Choát, then gaøi.
latch (ing) pillar n. = B-PILLAR:
Truï ñôõ trung taâm khung cöûa.
lateral a. relating to the side: Thuoäc
maët beân, ôû beân.
lateral acceleration
z lateral acceleration n.
centrifugal force moving a vehicle
towards the outside of a curve
when cornering: Löïc tröôït ngang
khi quay voøng
lateral air passage n. passage at the
nozzle of a spray gun for shaping
the spray pattern to a long or
elongated oval: Loã khoâng khí ôû
ñaàu suùng phun sôn ñònh daïng tia
phun.
z lateral atomization orifice =
additional passages at the nozzle of
a spray gun for supplying
additional air to break up the paint
unto smaller droplets: Loã phuï ôû
ñaàu voøi phun sôn duøng ñeå taùn
nhoû sôn.
z lateral grip n. ability of a tyre
to maintain its course, or remain
under normal steering control,
while being subjected to
directionally disturbing
influences: Söï oån ñònh chuyeån
ñoäng cuûa baùnh xe khi coù taùc
ñoäng beân ngoaøi.
z lateral impact n. side crash:
Söï va chaïm beân hoâng.
z lateral runout n. side-to-side
wobble (e. g. of wheel, brake disc,
rotor): Ñoä ñaûo beà maët (baùnh xe,
ñóa phanh …)
(NOTE: the maximum lateral
runout of a brake disc should not
exceed 0.004 in or 0.1 mm)
z lateral stability n. =
LATERAL GRIP: Söï oån ñònh
ngang.
z lateral stiffness n. resistance of
a vehicle body structure to lateral
impact: Khaû naêng chòu löïc cuûa
198
LDC
khung ñoái vôùi chaán ñoäng beân
hoâng (Ñoä cöùng ngang).
lay-by n. place at the side of a road
where drivers can stop (to rest):
Nôi coù theå döøng xe (nghæ taïm)
layer of pure zinc n. top layer on
hotdip galvanized steel which, in
contrast to zinc-iron alloy layers,
almost completely consists of
zinc: Lôùp keõm maï treân theùp.
z layer thickness n. coating
thickness (indicated in
micrometres or millimetres): Ñoä
daøy lôùp phuû (sôn)
Layrub coupling n. universal joint
using four moulded rubber inserts
mounted on a round steel plate:
Khôùp noái Layrub, khôùp noái coù 4
cuïc cao su loàng vaøo ñóa theùp.
layshaft n. intermediate shaft
between and parallel to the input
and output shafts, carrying the two
pairs of gearwheels which provide
the required changes in gear ratio:
Truïc trung gian (coù gaén caëp
baùnh raêng) trong hoäp soá.
(NOTE: US English is
countershaft)
lazy tongs n. (i) any device with
extensible arms (often in the form
of a series of crossed, hinged bars)
for handling objects at a distance:
Duïng cuï coù tay noái
(ii) specifically, a type of pop
rivet gun with such arms: Suùng
taùn diveâ coù ñaàu noái.
LCD (short for) liquid-crystal display:
an optical, digital display used in
the instrument panel: Maøn hình
tinh theå loûng.
LDC = LOWER DEAD CENTRE:
LDPE
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
LDPE = LOW-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE: Nhöïa PE tyû
troïng thaáp.
lead 1 n. soft, toxic, heavy metal used
in starter batteries, and in leaded
fuel as an anti-knock agent: Chì.
z lead-acid battery = system of
lead plates and dilute sulphuric
acid; used as a starter battery and
as a traction battery in electric
vehicles: AÉc quy axít chì.
z lead-antimony grid = Coát
baûn cöïc baèng hôïp kim chì
antimon.
z lead deposit = lead particles
that separate from the battery
plates during normal operation:
Lôùp caën chì (aéc quy)
z leaded petrol = petrol to
which lead has been added as an
anti-knock agent: Xaêng pha chì.
z lead-free petrol = unleaded
petrol: Xaêng khoâng pha chì.
z lead glazing = faulty sparking
plug condition caused by molten
lead salt deposits that solidify into
a yellow, brown or green glaze:
Tình traïng bougie bò hö do ñieän
cöïc bò baùm chì.
z lead loading = the process of
filling dents and damaged areas of
the bodywork with body lead: Söï
traùm chì (laøm ñoàng).
z lead peroxide = poisonous
compound used, for example, as an
electrode in batteries: PbO2 –
chaát laøm baûn cöïc döông aéc quy.
z lead sulphate = chemical
compound; poisonous white
crystals found in discharged
batteries: Sunfat chì.
199
lean
z lead tolerance = resistance to
leaded fuel: Choáng xaêng pha chì
z lead weight = balance weight
on a wheel rim: Mieáng chì caân
baèng treân maâm baùnh xe
lead 2 n. (a) connection cable for an
electric current: Daây noái (ñieän)
(b) (bolt, screw) distance from
the thread crest to the adjacent
crest of the same thread: Böôùc
ren.
lead and lag n. terms referring to the
time between a valve opening and
TDC or BDC (valve lead), and the
time between TDC or BDC and a
valve closing (valve lag): Thôøi
gian töø luùc suù pap ñoùng ñeán khi
piston leân ñieåm cheát treân hoaëc
cheát döôùi vaø thôøi gian suù paùp môû
ñeán khi piston leân ñieåm cheát
treân hoaëc cheát döôùi
leading a. forward or at the front:
Daãn ñaàu, ñaàu.
z leading arm = front
suspension link which supports the
wheel in front of the pivot point:
Ñoøn daãn höôùng
z leading shoe = shoe of a brake
drum system which pivots outwards
into the approaching drum: Boá
phanh (troáng)
(NOTE: US English is primary
shoe)
leaf spring n. flat, narrow, metal strip
of varying length used as a spring:
Loø xo laù, nhíp.
lean a. of a weak air/ fuel mixture
that has less petrol than normal:
Thieáu xaêng (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
ngheøo)
(NOTE: opposite is rich)
z Lean Authority Limit Switch
lean-burn engine
n. developed by GM to monitor
heated carburettor inlet air
through an air cleaner TVS and to
prevent the control unit from
providing the carburettor with too
lean a mixture, for better
performance when starting from
cold: Coâng taéc giôùi haïn hoaø khí
ngheøo (ñeå deã khôûi ñoäng)
z lean-burn engine n. engine
which uses a lean mixture of fuel
and air to increase fuel economy
and reduce exhaust emissions:
Ñoäng cô ñoát ngheøo.
z lean mixture n. mixture with
more oxygen than necessary to
burn the fuel contained in the
mixture: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
ngheøo.
(NOTE: opposite is rich mixture)
LED (short for) light-emitting diode:
a semiconductor device used for
digital displays in the instrument
panel: Ñioát phaùt quang.
left-hand drive (LHD) a. steering
system where the steering wheel
is located on the left-hand side of
the vehicle; used for driving on
the right, as in most parts of the
world, except for some
Commonwealth countries (e. g.
the UK and Australia), and Japan:
Tay laùi thuaän, tay laùi beân traùi.
(NOTE: opposite is right-hand
drive)
z left-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
anticlockwise: Ren ngöôïc
leftward welding n. welding a seam
towards the left: Haøn theo höôùng
traùi.
legroom n. the amount of space
200
LHD
available to move one's legs in a
vehicle: Choã ñeå chaân, choã duoãi
chaân.
LE-Jetronic n. the LE-Jetronic
system incorporates the
advantages of direct airflow
measurement with the
enhancements afforded by
electronics: Heä thoáng phun xaêng
ñieän töû ño tröïc tieáp löu löôïng
khí naïp.
lemon n. a new or used car with
many defects: Xe bò loãi.
lens n. glass or plastic front cover of
a headlight through which the
light converges or diverges: Thaáu
kính, kính khuyeách taùn ôû ñeøn
ñaàu.
let in v. (clutch) to engage: Gaøi
khôùp.
z let out v. to release: Nhaû
khôùp, xaû.
level n. Möùc.
z level out v. to work on a panel
to remove irregularities with the
use of hammer and dolly or by
filling and sanding, etc.: Laøm
phaúng thaân xe.
z level plug n. threaded plug in
the side of a gearbox or rear axle
to determine if sufficient oil has
been used during filling: Que
thaêm daàu.
levering bar n. metalworking tool
shaped like a large tyre lever with
flat hooked ends for levering bent
panels back into position: Caùi ñe
lôùn (laøm ñoàng)
LH (short for) left hand: Beân traùi,
baèng tay traùi.
LHD = LEFT-HAND DRIVE: Tay
laùi thuaän.
L-head
L-head n. L-shaped combustion
chamber: Buoàng chaùy hình chöõ L
z L-head engine = side valve
engine: Ñoäng cô coù suù paùp beân
hoâng.
licence or US license n. document
giving official permission to do
something: Baèng caáp, giaáy pheùp.
z license plate n. US =
NUMBER PLATE: Baûng soá.
lift n. (a) amount by which a poppet
valve rises when opened: Khoaûng
ñoäi suù paùp
(b) aerodynamic force caused by
greater pressure above the car
than below it and having the
effect of loss of traction and
stability; (counteracted by a
suitable spoiler): Xe bò boàng
beành do löïc khí ñoäng
z lifter n. US = TAPPET: Con
ñoäi.
liftgate n. US = TAILGATE: Cöûa
sau.
lifting platform take-up point n. any
of the lifting points specified by
the manufacturer for supporting
the car on a lifting platform: Ñieåm
ñoäi (gaàm xe)
lift pump n. = FUEL PUMP: Bôm
nhieân lieäu.
light 1 a. (a) easy to operate: Nheï
nhaøng, deã söû duïng.
(NOTE: opposite is heavy)
(b) weighing relatively little; not
heavy: Nheï.
2. n. (a) illumination, as from
lamp: Soi saùng
(b) vehicle window: Cöûa soå
(kính) xe.
z light-alloy piston n. =
201
light unit
ALLOY PISTON: Píttoâng hôïp
kim nheï.
z light-alloy wheel = ALLOY
WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe hôïp kim
nheï (ñuùc)ï.
z light bulb n. = BULB: Boùng
ñeøn.
z lighter n. electric, push-button
device on the dashboard which,
when depressed, produces a red-
hot filament for lighting
cigarettes, etc.: Caùi moài thuoác laù
trong xe.
z light-fast a. unaffected by
light: Khoâng bò aûnh höôûng bôûi
aùnh saùng
z light-footed a. used to
describe a mode of driving which
uses gentle pressure on the
accelerator, thus maximizing fuel
economy: Kieåu laùi xe ñaïp ga nheï
ñeå tieát kieäm nhieân lieäu.
z light-off temperature n. the
temperature at which a catalytic
converter achieves a 50%
conversion rate; typically near
250°C: Nhieät ñoä maø boä xuùc taùc
hoaït ñoäng 50%.
z lights-on reminder n. usually
a buzzer, chime or voice alert
which reminds you that you have
left the car lights on: Baùo coøn baät
ñeøn baèng tieáng coøi hoaëc gioïng
noùi.
z light truck or van n. typically
a vehicle under 3 tons, which
includes pickups, passenger vans
and most 4WD vehicles and for
which one does not need a special
licence: Xe taûi nheï.
z light unit n. = LAMP UNIT:
Cuïm ñeøn.
limit
limit n. the performance limit of a
car's chassis, tyres, etc. typically
experienced during sharp
cornering at high speeds : Söï giôùi
haïn tính naêng cuûa thaân xe, baùnh
xe khi quay voøng gaáp ôû toác ñoä
cao.
z limit cycle control n. =
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL: Chu
trình ñieàu khieån kín.
z limited-slip differential n. axle
differential or central differential
incorporating a locking or slip-
limiting mechanism to counter
wheel spin: Caàu vi sai vôùi cô caáu
khoùa
z limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED
LIMITER: Cô caáu giôùi haïn toác
ñoä ñoäng cô.
limousine or (informal) limo n.
large luxurious car with a glass
partition between driver and
passengers: Loaïi xe lôùn daøi sang
troïng, coù kính ngaên giöõa buoàng
laùi vaø khoang sau.
limp-home mode (of operation) n.
standby circuit which allows a car
with electronic system trouble to
be driven home slowly: Söï chaïy
baèng heä thoáng döï phoøng khi xe
gaëp söï coá (heä thoáng ñieàu khieån
ñoäng cô)
linear (source) lamp n. = FESTOON
BULB: Boùng ñeøn trang trí.
z linear wiper system n. system
in which the wiper arm is attached
both at the top and bottom and,
instead of describing the usual arc,
is guided in a straight line from
one side of the windscreen to the
other: Heä thoáng gaït nöôùc vôùi
thanh gaït chaïy thaúng.
202
lip
line pressure n. line pressure is fed
to the shifting components when
they are to be applied; it increases
in proportion to engine speed and
is the highest pressure in the
hydraulic control system: Aùp suaát
treân oáng
liner n. = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng
loùt xy lanh.
line spanner n. = FLARE NUT
SPANNER: Côø leâ nuï, oáng tuyùp.
lining n. (a) interior trim, e. g. of
doors, convertible tops: Lôùp vaûi
mui.
(b) friction material (e. g. on
brake shoes in drum brake, on
clutch disc, on brake bands in
automatic transmission): Chaát ma
saùt trong boá phanh, boá ly hôïp…
linishing n. smoothing sheet metal
using power tools, e. g. with an
angle grinder and emery belt or
grinding disk: Söï maøi nhaün taám
kim loaïi
link n. (a) movable, hinged piece
connecting moving parts of a
machine: Thanh noái, maéc noái.
(b) = SUSPENSION LINK: Caùc
thanh noái heä thoáng treo.
z linkage power steering n.
linkage-type, power-assisted
steering system in which a
conventional manual system is
assisted by hydraulic or pneumatic
effort applied directly to a track
rod: Trôï löïc laùi kieåu thanh noái
lip n. the edge of a sheet metal panel
folded at right angles to the basic
panel contours; often used to
mount the panel to an adjacent
panel, e. g. for spot welding:
Meùp, mieäng (taám, voû khung)
liquid-cooled
z lip seal with garter spring n. =
RADIAL SHAFT SEAL: Phôùt
chaän nhôùt truïc ngang
liquefied natural gas (LNG) n.
e. g. methane, possible future
alternative fuel for SI engines:
Khí thieân nhieân hoùa loûng.
z liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
n. by-product of oil refining,
mainly butane or propane or a
mixture of the two gases, used as
a fuel for some SI petrol engines:
Khí ñoàng haønh hoùa loûng.
liquid-cooled a. (engine) cooled by
the passage of water or oil: Laøm
maùt baèng nöôùc hoaëc nhôùt
(NOTE: opposite is air-cooled)
z Liquide Hydraulique Minerale
(LHM) n. green hydraulic fluid
used by Citroen for some of their
suspension systems: Nhôùt thuyû
löïc maøu xanh duøng cho heä thoáng
treo Citroen
z liquid gasket n. room
temperature vulcanizing gasket
sealer (from a tube): Roong loûng.
z liquid paint n. paint which
contains solvents and cures at
room temperature or by baking:
Dung dòch sôn.
z liquid pump n. machine used
to raise liquids from a low to a
high energy level by transferring
energy to the medium being
pumped: Maùy bôm chaát loûng.
list price n. the price ex-factory, as
quoted in the price list, as opposed
to the actual sales price which will
include on-the-road charges:
Baûng giaù goác.
little end n. small end of the
connecting rod: Ñaàu nhoû thanh
203
load floor extension
truyeàn.
live axle n. a power-transmitting
axle: Truïc truyeàn ñoäng.
L-Jetronic air flow meter n. airflow
meter used on the L-Jetronic
system: Boä ño gioù kieåu L.
z L-Jetronic (fuel injection)
system n. electronically
controlled fuel injection system:
Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñieän töû
kieåu L.
load n. (a) something to be born or
transported: Taûi
(b) amount of material
transported: Troïng taûi.
(c) amount of power carried by an
electric circuit: Taûi ñieän.
(d) resistance overcome by an
engine when it is driving a
machine: Söùc taûi (ñoäng cô)
z load alteration effect n.
reactions in the drive train or, in
FWD vehicles, in the steering, due
to sudden load alteration: Phaûn
öùng cuûa phaàn ñoäng löïc, cuûa heä
thoáng laùi khi taûi troïng thay ñoåi
ñoät ngoät.
z load-controlled power
distribution n. drive torque
distribution, as established e. g. by
a Torsen differential: Söï phaân
phoái coâng suaát theo taûi troïng.
z load floor n. (i) cargo-carrying
area of a van or lorry: Thuøng sau
xe taûi
(ii) floor of the luggage area of an
estate car or hatchback: Ngaên
chöùa ñoà sau xe du lòch.
load floor extension = moulded tray
that folds out of the rear luggage
area and provides an extended
load floor which hangs
load index
z out over the bumper; (can also
be used for picnics): Saøn chöùa ñoà
keùo roäng ñöôïc.
z load index (LI) n. coded
number on the sidewall of a tyre
to indicate the maximum load the
tyre may carry at a given speed
under manufacturer's conditions:
Chæ soá taûi troïng cuûa baùnh xe.
z load rating n. = LOAD
INDEX: Chæ soá taûi troïng.
z load resistor n. = BALLAST
RESISTOR: Ñieän trôû phuï (ñaùnh
löûa)
load-sensitive proportioning valve n.
valve which regulates hydraulic
pressure to the rear wheels as a
function of chassis height-to-axle
distance: Van phaân phoái theo taûi
troïng.
load transfer n. = WEIGHT
TRANSFER: Söï chuyeån taûi.
lobe n. = CAM LOBE: Vaáu cam.
z lobe-type supercharger n. a
positive displacement compressor
with twolobed rotors: Bôm taêng
aùp kieåu cam quay.
local cell n. galvanic cell resulting
from differences in potential
between adjacent areas on the
surface of a metal immersed in an
electrolyte: Pin cuïc boä.
localized corrosion n. corrosion
occurring at one part of a metal
surface at a much higher rate than
over the rest of the surface, e. g.
pitting corrosion, crevice
corrosion: Söï aên moøn cuïc boä.
(NOTE: opposite is uniform
corrosion)
locating dowel n. = DOWEL PIN:
Choát ñònh vò.
204
lock cylinder
locating lug or pin n. projection or
pin for holding a part in a specific
position: Choát ñònh vò.
locating spring n. (of disc brakes)
steel wire clip that secures the
cylinder in a floating frame or
caliper frame: Loø xo ñònh vò.
lock 1 (a) n. device for closing
something with a key to prevent
unauthorized entry: OÅ khoùa.
(b) (steering) amount by which
the wheels of a vehicle are able to
turn: Goùc laùi coù theå
z full lock = the maximum angle
attained by the wheels when the
steering wheel is turned to its full
extent: Goùc laùi toái ña.
2 v. (a) to close with a key:
Khoùa baèng chìa.
(b) to fix or become fixed
in a certain position: Laøm coá
ñònh, ñònh vò.
(c) (gear train members) to
interlock or couple: Söï caøi vaøo
nhau (baùnh raêng)
z lockable differential n. =
LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL:
Vi sai coù cô caáu khoùa
z lockable wheel n. wheel that
can be secured to the hub with a
lock: Baùnh xe coù cô caáu khoùa
z lock angle n. = STEERING
ANGLE: Goùc laùi.
z lock buster n. = LOCK
PULIER
lock cylinder n. cylinder in the middle
of a cylinder lock that is prevented
from turning (locked) by a number
of pins (typically five) which
penetrate down through the wall
of the cylinder: Xylanh coù choát
ñònh vò
lock facing
lock facing n. the surface of a door to
which the lock is attached: Beà
maët laép khoùa (cöûa xe).
z locking bar clamp n. locking
clamp with sliding jaw providing
extended clamping capabilities:
Baøn keïp, eâtoâ.
locking clamp n. locking pliers with
specially shaped jaws for vice
work and intricate clamping jobs:
Kìm coù raêng khoùa
locking differential n. differential
with the facility for locking
together the two half shafts, thus
putting the differential out of
action and greatly improving
traction: Boä vi sai coù khoùa.
z locking lug bolt/nut n.
antitheft wheel lug bolt/nut:
Buloâng/ ñai oác khoùa baùnh xe ñeå
choáng troäm.
z locking mechanism or locking
reel n. device which locks the
reel of a seat belt when the
forward acceleration of the
occupant exceeds a certain value:
Cô caáu khoùa chaët ñai an toaøn
khi xe taêng toác.
locking pliers n. pliers with locking
jaws: Kìm coù raêng khoùa.
locking synchromesh n. common
synchromesh mechanism in which
the synchromesh pressure is
proportional to the gearchange
force, thus preventing overriding
of the synchromesh action due to
hasty operation of the lever; the
gear and gearchange sleeve are
prevented from engaging until
rotational speeds are
synchronized: Boä ñoàng toác.
z lock nut n. (i) nut screwed on
205
longitudinal
top of another nut (ii) self-locking
nut: Ñai oác töï haõm, ñai oác haõm.
z lock picker set n. set of
special door lock picker; attached
to the outside of a car door lock,
the lock puller rips out the entire
lock cylinder: Ñoà naïy oå khoùa.
z lock ring pliers n. tool for
removing and installing heavy-
duty circlips, used e. g. on brakes,
transmissions, pedal shafts, and
clutch shafts: Kìm môû phe.
z lock-up clutch n.
automatically engaged clutch in a
lock-up torque converter which
prevents slipping losses: Cô caáu
noái ly hôïp trong bieán moâ (hoäp soá
töï ñoäng)
z lock-up torque converter =
torque converter in which the
pump can be mechanically locked
to the turbine, eliminating any loss
through the fluid: Boä bieán moâ coù
khoùa tuoác bin
long block n. the long block consists of
the short block plus oil pump and
sump, cylinder head(s),
camshaft(s) as well as the
complete valve train: Khoái ñoäng
cô ñaày ñuû chi tieát
(NOTE: opposite is short block)
long block engine n. engine with a
relatively long crankshaft: Ñoäng
cô coù truïc khuyûu daøi.
(NOTE: opposite is short block
engine)
longeron n. main side member:
Thanh doïc chính (khung xe)
long-haul a. long distance: Khoaûng
caùch daøi.
longitudinal a. lengthways: Theo
chieàu doïc.
longitudinal engine
z longitudinal engine = lorry n. large motor vehicle for
traditional engine layout used on
most RWD vehicles with the
cylinders lying lengthways from
the front to the back: Ñoäng cô ñaët
doïc.
(NOTE: also called north - south
layout)
z longitudinal girder or
member = SIDE MEMBER:
Thanh doïc chính cuûa söôøn xe.
long-nose pliers n. pliers with half
round and tapered jaws, often with
a wire cutter and used for
electrical work: Kìm moû daøi.
(NOTE: also called snipe-nose
pliers)
z long-nose self-grip pliers =
locking pliers with extra long reach
jaws: Kìm moû töï haõm.
z long-reach C-clamp n. self-
grip locking clamp with extra long
C-shaped jaws: Caùi keïp hình
chöõ C
long stroke engine n. reciprocating
piston engine whose bore
diameter is smaller than the
stroke; a relatively long stroke
produces higher low-end torque at
the cost of increased piston speeds
and reduced revving ability: Ñoäng
cô coù haønh trình daøi.
(NOTE: opposite is short stroke
engine)
loom n. = WIRING HARNESS:
Buoái (boù) daây ñieän.
loop scavenging n. method of
scavenging used on two-stroke
motorcycle engines: Quaù trình
queùt khí kín (2 kyø)
loosen v. to make (something) less
tight; to slacken: Nôùi loûng.
206
lowball
carrying goods: Xe taûi.
(NOTE: US English is always
truck)
lost-core technique n. method of
producing thermoplastic inlet
manifolds: Phöông phaùp cheá taïo
oáng goùp huùt baèng nhöïa.
z lost-foam casting (process) n.
casting method using foamed
plastic cores, giving the surface of
the casting the appearance of
styrofoam; used for engine blocks:
Phöông phaùp ñuùc duøng loõi nhöïa
boït.
loud pedal n. (informal) accelerator
pedal: Baøn ñaïp ga.
louvre or US louver n. (a) air
ventilation slot stamped in several
rows into bonnets and bootlids (b)
= VENT: Loã thoâng hôi.
Low (L) n. (automatic transmission)
driving gear ratio for hilly terrain;
the top gear is not engaged, and
the engine brake takes effect: Tay
soá thaáp, tay soá L.
low-bake booth n. closed section in
painting lines in a paint shop, in
which coats of paint are dried at
low temperatures : Phoøng saáy
chaäm.
z low-bake equipment =
equipment for drying coats of
paint at low temperatures: Thieát
bò saáy sôn ôû nhieät ñoä thaáp.
z low-bake paint = respray paint
baked at 80°C, giving a high-
quality finish but requiring
suitable low-bake spray
booths/ovens: Sôn noùng.
lowball n. US in car sales, the
practice of stating a very low price
low battery
for a new car to a customer who is
known or expected to be
comparison shopping: Ñeà nghò giaù
thaáp khi bieát khaùch haøng so giaù
low battery n. nearly flat battery: AÉc
quy yeáu.
low beam n. US = DIPPED BEAM:
Ñeøn coát
low-carbon steel n. steel containing
0.03 to 0.3 percent carbon
(typically 0.2%): Theùp cacbon
thaáp.
low-density polyethylene (LDPE) n.
a relatively soft, flexible
polyethylene, used mainly for
plastic film and sheet: Nhöïa toång
hôïp tyû troïng thaáp.
low-emission a. generally, releasing
relatively few pollutants into the
environment: Möùc oâ nhieãm thaáp
cuûa khí thaûi.
lower dead centre (LDC) n. =
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:
Ñieåm cheát döôùi.
lower front panel n. = FRONT
APRON: Taám chaén phía tröôùc.
low fuel indicator n. warning light
which comes on when fuel is
getting low (usually indicating,
when the light first comes on, that
there is still sufficient fuel to
travel at least 25-50 miles): Ñeøn
baùo möùc nhieân lieäu thaáp.
low gear n. first or second gear, used
for driving off and climbing steep
hills: Soá thaáp.
(NOTE: opposite is high gear)
z low geared a. characterized
by a small gearwheel (on an input
shaft) driving a large one (on the
output shaft), providing a high
gear ratio and high torque: Baùnh
207
low-profile air cleaner
raêng nhoû truyeàn ñoäng baùnh
raêng lôùn ñeå tyû soá truyeàn lôùn.
low-loader n. lorry for heavy loads
with a low-level loading platform
and often an extension ramp or
lift-operated tailboard which can
be lowered to street level: Xe taûi
coù böûng sau haï saùt ñaát ñeå laáy
haøng
low-maintenance battery n. battery
with removable vent caps that
only requires topping-up about
once a year: AÉc quy ít caàn baûo
döôõng.
low oil sensor n. = OIL LEVEL
SENSOR: Caûm bieán möïc daàu.
z low oil warning light n. =
ENGINE OIL LEVEL WARNING
LIGHT: Ñeøn baùo möïc daàu.
low-pressure cut-out n. device
which protects the air conditioning
system by switching the
compressor off when a pressure
loss occurs: Van aùp suaát thaáp
baûo veä maùy neùn (ñieàu hoaø).
z low-pressure foaming n.
process in which plastics are
foamed under low pressure (1-5
bar): Söï taïo boït cuûa nhöïa vôùi aùp
suaát thaáp.
(NOTE: opposite is high-
pressure foaming)
z low-pressure pump or low-
head pump n. pump used for low
total heads; in the case of
centrifugal pumps the low-
pressure pump has a nominal total
head not exceeding 80 m: Bôm aùp
suaát thaáp.
low-profile air cleaner n. usually a
circular, flat, chrome-plated air
cleaner, mounted on top of the
low-profile tyre
carburettor: Boä loïc gioù troøn treân
boä cheá hoaø khí.
low-profile tyre n. tyre with a wide
tread but no comparative increase
in height: Voû xe coù gai roäng
nhöng khoâng cao
low rider n. customized car
loweredto the extreme through
body and suspension
modifications: Xe ñöôïc haï thaáp
(khung)
low side n. (of air conditioning
systems) side between the
expansion valve or orifice tube
and the compressor; includes the
evaporator: Phaàn aùp thaáp cuûa heä
thoáng ñieàu hoaø
low spot n. indentation on a panel
surface: Veát loõm treân thaân xe
low temperature activity n. denotes
the ability of a catalytic converter
to purify exhaust gases in the
warm-up phase following a cold
start: Khaû naêng hoaù khöû ôû nhieät
ñoä thaáp.
low temperature fouling n.
CARBON FOULING: Ñoùng muoäi
do nhieät ñoä thaáp
low tension n. low voltage: Hieäu
ñieän theá thaáp.
low voltage circuit n. = PRIMARY
CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp, maïch
haï theá.
low zinc technology n. technology
used in present-day phosphating
processes: Coâng ngheä maï keõm
môùi.
L-section ring n. special piston ring
characterized by its L-shaped
cross-section: Maët caét xeùcmaêng
daïng L.
LT circuit n. = PRIMARY
lubrication system
CIRCUIT: Maïch sô caáp.
lube n. (informal) LUBRICATION:
Söï boâi trôn.
z lube oil = LUBRICATION
OIL: Daàu boâi trôn.
z lube job = LUBRICATION:
Söï boâi trôn.
z lubricant n. oily or greasy
substance used to reduce friction
between parts or objects in
relative motion: Daàu nhôøn, chaát
boâi trôn.
z lubricate v. to cover or treat
with a lubricant: Boâi trôn.
z lubricating oil n. refined
crude oil used as a lubricant: Daàu
boâi trôn.
z lubricating pressure =
pressure of a lubricating oil: Aùp
suaát daàu boâi trôn.
lubrication n. covering or treating
moving surfaces with oil or grease
to keep them apart to reduce
friction and wear: Söï boâi trôn.
zlubrication film = coat of
= lubricant to reduce the friction
created when two surfaces move
on one another: Maøng daàu boâi
trôn.
z lubrication point = place at
which to apply lubricant: Choã boâi
trôn, ñieåm boâi trôn.
z lubrication pump = pump used
to supply oil to lubricating points,
particularly for plain bearings:
Bôm nhôùt.
z lubrication system = the
system in the engine that supplies
engine parts with lubricating oil to
prevent contact between any two
metal surfaces: Heä thoáng boâi
trôn.
208
lug
lug n. (a) device mounted on a
rotating shaft or component that
engages in a recess of a
component to be driven: Maáu
khôùp (truïc)
luggage n. travelling bags or
suitcases: Haønh lyù.
z luggage carrier = rack bolted
on top of the boot lid for taking
luggage or the spare wheel (often
seen on old sports cars where
space was at a premium): Giaù
mang haønh lyù.
lugging n. US = LABOURING
lug nut n. US = WHEEL NUT
lumbar support n. seat support for
the lower back: Thanh choáng
löng gheá.
luminance n. luminous intensity of a
surface in a given direction per
unit of projected area of the
209
Lysholm supercharger
surface, in candela per square
metre; not the same as the
apparent brightness: Cöôøng ñoä
saùng.
lustre or US luster n. reflected light;
sheen or gloss: Nöôùc boùng, veû
röïc rôõ.
luxe (L) n. although the word means
luxury, on its own it is often used
to denote a rather basic model:
Loaïi xe haïng sang.
Lysholm supercharger n. lobe-type
supercharger similar to the Roots
compressor, but more efficient
and much more expensive
Lysholm: Boä taêng aùp kieåu
Lysholm
machine screw
Mm
M + S tyre n. mud and snow tyre;
winter tyre with a deep tread M +
S: Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø
baêng tuyeát
machine screw n. screw with a
thread running the lengh of the
shank and available with a variety
of different heads: Vít baét vaøo
kim loaïi
z machinists’ caliper n.
measuring tool with two curved
arms for inside or outside
measurement; the reading taken
with the arms is transferred to a
steel rule or micrometer to attain
the exact value: Compa ño trong
vaø ño ngoaøi
z machinists’ hammer = BALL
PEEN HAMMER: Buùa thôï maùy
coù moät ñaàu troøn
MacPherson strut n. (suspension)
unitary construction of spring and
damper elements with the hub
carrier being attached rigidly to
the outer tubular member: Thanh
giaèng MacPherson (heä thoáng
treo)
z MacPherson strut tower =
sheet metal panel surrounding the
upper mount of the MacPherson
strut at the side panels of the
engine compartment; it may be a
separate panel fitted by spot-
welding or a deep-drawn section
of the side panel shaped to take
the upper strut end: Uï baét thanh
giaèng
(NOTE: also called suspension leg
turret)
210
magnetic pick-up
z MacPherson suspension =
suspension layout incorporating
MacPherson struts: Heä thoáng
treo MacPherson
macromolecule n. any very large
molecule, such as a synthetic
polymer used in the manufacture
of plastic: Phaân töû lôùn, ñaïi phaân
töû
z macromolecular a. with very
large molecules: Vôùi caùc ñaïi phaân
töû
MAF = MASS AIRFLOW: Löu löôïng
khoâng khí tính baèng khoái löôïng
mag n. (informal) = MAGNETO:
Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt ñieän nam
chaâm vónh cöûu)
magnesium wheel n. = ALLOY
WHEEL: Maâm baùnh xe loaïi hôïp
kim
magnetic clutch n. = ECTRO-
MAGNETIC CLUTCH: Boä ly
hôïp loaïi ñieän töø
z magnetic (drain) plug n. plug
fitted in the sump to collect metal
debris: Nuùt töø tính trong cacte
daàu ñeå huùt maïc kim loaïi
z magnetic field n. the portion
of space found in the vicinity of a
magnetic body or a current-
carrying medium in which the
forces due to the body or current
can be detected: Töø tröôøng
magnetic pick-up (assembly) n. pulse
generator consisting of a stator
with a permanent magnet and a
rotor, which induces an AC voltage
in the inductive winding by the
periodical change of the air gap
magnetic pick-up (tool)
between stator and rotor: Caûm
bieán ñieän töø loaïi nam chaâm coá
ñònh.
magnetic pick-up (tool) n. tool with
flexible or rigid shaft and magnetic
tip used to retrieve dropped nuts,
bolts, and other metal parts from
hard-to-reach places: Thanh daøi
coù gaén nam chaâm ôû ñaàu ñeå laáy
caùc vaät rôi baèng saét, theùp
z magnetic screwdriver n.
screwdriver type tool with a
magnetized hexagon socket end to
accept and operate hex shank bits
and hold them securely; often also
with a magazine handle for bit
storage: Tuoác nô vít coù nam
chaâm
magnetized a. made magnetic: Bò
töø hoùa
magneto or (informal) mag n. small
electric generator in which the
magnetic field is produced by a
permanent magnet; especially
used to generate the electric
current providing a spark for the
ignition: Ma nheâ toâ (maùy phaùt
ñieän nam chaâm vónh cöûu)
z magneto file n. tool for filing
ignition points and other small
objects: Giuõa vít löûa (nhoû)
magneto ignition n. compact
assembly of a magneto generator,
an ignition coil, and a distributor:
Boä ñaùnh löûa baèng ma nheâ toâ
magnet sensor n. = HALL VANE
SWITCH: Caûm bieán Hall
mag wheels or (informal) mags n. =
ALLOY WHEELS: Maâm baùnh
xe loaïi hôïp kim
main bar or bow n. (soft top) the bar
which carries the main load when
211
main mixture discharge nozzle
the hood is raised and taut, and
defines the hinge point for the
folding motion: Thanh choáng
chính
main beam n. long-range setting of
a vehicle’s headlamp; as the beam
is directed straight ahead, it will
dazzle oncoming traffic if used
incautiously: Chuøm saùng chính
(ñeøn pha)
(NOTE: US English is high beam)
z main beam indicator = blue
indicator light in the instrument
cluster which comes on when the
main beam is in use: Ñeøn baùo
ñang baät pha (treân tableau)
main bearings n. bearings bolted to
the underside of the cylinder
block, that located support the
camshaft: Baïc loùt coå truïc chính
main combustion chamber n. with
diesel engines, the fuel may be
injected in three different
locations: in the prechamber, the
swirl chamber, or the main
combustion chamber (for direct
injection engines), depending on
the process used: Buoàng chaùy
chính
main jet n. main jet in a carburettor
through which most of the fuel
flows: Loã tia chính trong boä cheá
hoøa khí
main (line) pressure n. = LINE
PRESSURE
main mixture discharge nozzle n. jet
through which the petrol and air is
fed into the carburettor barrel
where it becomes the air / fuel
mixture: Voøi phun chính trong boä
cheá hoøa khí ñeå phun hoãn hôïp
nhieân lieäu
main regulating system
main regulating system n. the
carburettor components are
divided into the fuel intake control,
the main regulating system, the
idle system includes the main jet,
jet needle, needle jet and throttle
valve, whose purpose it is to
provide an appropriate amount of
fuel and air to the carburettor: Heä
thoáng ñieàu tieát nhieân lieäu chính
trong boä cheá hoøa khí
main shaft n. gearbox output shaft:
Truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
main sun visor n. in dual visor system,
the main visor is moved sideways
and the secondary visor is flipped
down, thus shielding the driver
from the sun from both the front
and side: Taám che naéng
maintenance n. the work undertaken
by a car owner to keep his vehicle
in good working order; typically
checking the tyres, lights, oil and
coolant levels, windscreen wipers
and seat belts : Söï baûo döôõng
z mainternance-free a. requiring
no work in order to be kept
operational: Khoâng caàn baûo
döôõng
z maintenance-free battery =
battery with a permanently sealed
top, thus requiring no topping-up:
Bình aéc quy khoâng caàn baûo
döôõng
z maintenance manual n. book
of instructions detailing routine
maintenance: Soå tay baûo döôõng
major diameter n. diameter
measured from the crest of a
thread to the corresponding crest
on the opposite side of the bolt or
screw: Ñöôøng kính ñænh ren
212
manual
male thread n. = EXTERNAL
THREAD: Ren ngoaøi
man (short for) MANUAL
GEARBOX: Hoäp soá thöôøng
manganese phosphate coating n.
phosphate coating with added
manganese to increase resistance
to wear and fatigue: Lôùp phuû
Photphat coù theâm Mangan ñeå
choáng moøn vaø taêng ñoä beàn moûi.
manifold n. a casting connecting a
series of inlets or outlets to a
common opening: OÁng goùp
z manifold absolute pressure
(MAP) sensor n. sensor which
transmits data referring to the inlet
manifold vacuum to the engine
controller: Caûm bieán ño aùp suaát
tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng naïp
z manifold heater n. system used
to improve the cold start behaviour
of an engine, consisting of heating
ducts incorporated into the inlet
manifold that are connected to the
water coling system of the engine;
alternatively, an electric heater
may be used: Boä söôûi ñöôøng oáng
naïp
manoeuvre v. to drive or steer a
vehicle around obstacles or in a
confined space: Ñieàu khieån xe
voøng chöôùng ngaïi vaät
manoeuvrability n. the ease with
which a vehicle can be
manoeuvred: Tính linh hoaït, tính
deã laùi cuûa xe
manual 1 a. done by hand: Ñöôïc laøm
baèng tay
2 n. (a) book of instructions:
Saùch, taøi lieäu höôùng daãn
(b) = MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá ñieàu khieån baèng tay (hoäp soá
manual-crank window
thöôøng)
(c) (informal) car with a manual
gearbox: Xe söû duïng hoäp soá
thöôøng
z manual-crank window n. =
MANUALLY OPERATED
WINDOW: Cöûa kính xe quay
tay.
z manual gearbox or US manual
transmission n. set of movable
gears permitting the speed ratio
between input and output shafts to
be changed manually and at will:
Hoäp soá thöôøng
z manually operated window n.
window operated by turning a
level by hand: Cöûa kính xe quay
tay
z manual panel cutter n. cutting
tool drawn manually across a panel
surface to cut to the desired shape:
Thieát bò caét khung baèng tay
z manual transmission n. US =
MANUAL GEARBOX: Hoäp soá
thöôøng
z manual valve (MV) n.
(automatic transmission control)
distributes line pressure to the
various control valves and pistons
which operate the multi-plate or
band brakes or the clutches;
operated by the driver via the
selector lever: Van ñieàu khieån
baèng tay (ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï
ñoäng)
z manual version n. passenger
car with a manual gearbox: Theá
heä xe duøng hoäp soá thöôøng
manufacturer’s performance ratings
n. performance data as specified
by the car manufacturer: Thoâng
soá kyõ thuaät xe (töø nhaø saûn xuaát)
213
masking tape
MAP = MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE
PRESSURE: Caûm bieán ño aùp
suaát tuyeät ñoái treân ñöôøng oáng
naïp
map-controlled or mapped ignition
(system) n. microprocessor-
controlled ignition system with
electronic ignition timing by
means of an ignition map stored in
the control unit memory: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa ñöôïc ñieàu khieån
bôûi maùy tính vôùi goùc ñaùnh löûa toái
öu ñöôïc nhôù
map light n. interior light to facilitate,
for example, map reading: Ñeøn
trong xe ñeå xem baûn ñoà
mapping n. = CHARACTERISTIC
MAP: Ñaëc tuyeán ñaùnh löûa sôùm
naïp vaøo EPROM döôùi daïng
baûng.
marbling n. producing a special
decorative effect with rotating
brushes: Ñaùnh boùng baèng baøn
chaûi xoay
marker light/ lamp n. = SIDE
MARKER LIGHT/ LAMP: Ñeøn
kích thöôùc beân hoâng
Marles steering n. form of cam-and-
roller steering Marles: Heä thoáng
laùi Marles daïng cam – con laên
marque n. ‘name’ of a car (such as
‘MG’), which is an important
marketing tool, and inspires
customer loyalty: Nhaõn hieäu xe,
maùc xe
mask v. to cover the surrounding area
when paint spraying to protect it
from splashes: Che kín vuøng gaàn
choã sôn.
z masking tape n. adhesive tape
used to cover surfaces that border
an area to be painted, so as
mass airflow (MAF) meter
to protect them: Baêng keo daùn ñeå
che vuøng gaàn choã sôn
mass airflow (MAF) meter n. device
for measuring the mass flow of air
into an engine: Caûm bieán ño khoái
löôïng khí naïp
z mass damper n. device which
reduces or prevents vibrations or
oscillations, usually a weight
which counteracts (balances)
undesirable motions; used on drive
shafts of some FWD cars: Boä
giaûm rung duøng khoái löôïng caân
baèng.
z mass-produced car n. car
which is manufactured in great
numbers to a standard pattern and
with extensive mechanization: OÂ
toâ ñöôïc saûn xuaát haøng loaït
z mass tone n. (colour matching)
the tone of a paint as it appears
from the colour of the paint in the
can; this is required for
formulating the ingredients of a
paint tone: Toâng maøu neàn
z mass transit system n. system
designed to transport large
numbers of people (or goods): Heä
thoáng ñöôïc thieát keá ñeå chuyeân
chôû nhieàu ngöôøi hoaëc haøng hoaù.
master con rod n. in two-stroke dual
piston engines, the connecting rod
that is articulated directly on the
crankshaft: Thanh truyeàn chính
(2 kyø)
z master cylinder n. large
cylinder in a hydraulic system in
which the hydraulic fluid is
compressed by a piston: Xy lanh
caùi (phanh)
z master model or master
pattern n. first precision model of
214
mean indicated pressure
an automobile based on a clay
model or CAD-data; essential for
the manufacture of prototypes: Moâ
hình maãu oâ toâ baèng ñaát seùt hoaëc
maùy tính.
z master vac (servo unit) n. =
VACUUM BRAKE BOOSTER:
Boä trôï löïc phanh duøng chaân
khoâng
mastic seam sealant n. soft
waterproof sealant for joints: Chaát
maùt – tít laøm kín moái noái
mat (t) a. (of a finish) dull, not
shiny: Môø
mate v. to fit together: Raø
z mating a. fitting together;
matching: AÊn khôùp vôùi nhau
z mating gears = gears which
mesh together: Baùnh raêng aên
khôùp
z mating surface = surface which
interacts perfectly with another:
Beà maët aên khôùp
z mating thread = thread which
engages with a corresponding
thread, such as the female and
male threads of a nut and bolt:
Ren aên khôùp
maximum (brake) power n.
maximum power of an engine as
measured by a dynamometer:
Coâng suaát toái ña ño bôûi maùy ño
coâng suaát.
mean effective pressure (MEP) n.
average pressure on a piston in a
cylinder during a power stroke: Aùp
suaát hieäu duïng trung bình
z mean indicated pressure n.
mathematical value that indicates
the relation between the effective
area of the work diagram of the
two-stroke engine and the
mechanic
movement of the piston: AÙp suaát
chæ thò trung bình
mechanic n. person who works on
engines or machines: Thôï maùy
z mechanic’s stethoscope =
SONOSCOPE: OÁng nghe cuûa thôï
maùy
mechanical advance n. = z member of the gear train n.
CENTRIFUGAL ADVANCE
(MECHANISM): Cô caáu ñaùnh löûa
sôùm ly taâm cô khí
z mechanical efficiency n. ratio
of brake horsepower to indicated
horsepower: Hieäu suaát cô (ñoäng
cô)
z mechanical (face) seal n.
shaft seal consisting of two highly
polished mating surfaces, one
surface being connected to the
shaft (rotating element) and the
other to the casing (stationary
element): Mieáng ñeäm kín ñaàu
truïc
z mechanical galvanizing n. =
MECHANICAL PLATING: Maï
(traùng phuû beà maët) cô khí
z mechanical ignition timing n.
centrifugal and vacuum advance:
Söï ñieàu chænh goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm
baèng cô khí
z mechanical plating n.
deposition of zinc on another
material by a cold-peening
process, such as tumbling: Maï cô
khí
z mechanical surface treatment
n. producing a dull or rough
surface or a decorative finish by
grinding, brushing, polishing or
abrasive blasting: Xöû lyù beà maët
baèng cô khí
megajoule (MJ) n. SI measurement
215
message centre
of energy (= 1000,000 joules):
Ñôn vò ño naêng löôïng theo heä SI
member n. general term that refers
mainly to the side rails and
crossmembers but also to any
structural hollow-section part on a
car: Chi tieát treân khung.
sun gear, internal gear, and planet
carrier are the members of a
planetary gear train: Chi tieát cuûa
boä baùnh raêng truyeàn ñoäng
memory button n. button which
operates the position of electric
seats, mirrors, etc. and which
stores the requirements of a
particular driver in its memory:
Nuùt choïn vò trí trong heä thoáng
ñieàu khieån gheá baèng maùy tính
MEP = MEAN EFFECTIVE
PRESSURE: Aùp suaát hieäu duïng
trung bình
mercury switch n. safety switch to
prevent erroneous deployment of
the air bag: Coâng taéc thuûy ngaân
(goái hôi)
mesh v. to engage: Laøm cho aên
khôùp
(NOTE: opposite is disengage)
z meshing drive n. device for
engaging the starter pinion with
the flywheel ring gear: Söï
truyeàn ñoäng aên khôùp
z meshing spring n. component
of a pre-engaged starter which
ensures that the shift lever will
move to its final position and that
the starter current will be switched
on incase of tooth abutment: Loø
xo traû khôùp ñeà
message centre n. usually a multi-
functional display of a diagnostic
metal catalyst
system: Maøn hình chaån ñoaùn ña
chöùc naêng
metal catalyst n. catalyst whose
active phase is supported by a
metal substrate, i.e. sheet steel:
Chaát xuùc taùc coù neàn kim loaïi
z metal cutter n. bench tool for
cutting sheet metal: Baøn caét taám
kim loaïi
z metallic a. referring to or
consisting of metal: Thuoäc veà kim
loaïi
z metallic drive screw =
THREAD-CUTTING SCREW: Ta
roâ
metallic finish or metallic paint n.
paint type incorporating small
metallic flakes which reflect light:
Lôùp sôn aùnh kim
(NOTE: opposite is solid paint)
metallize v. to coat or impregnate a
metal or non-metal surface with
metal, as by metal spraying or by
vacuum evaporation: Phuû kim loaïi
metallographic examination n. test
to determine the structural
composition of a metal as shown at
low and high magnification and by
X-ray diffraction methods: Söï
kieåm tra caáu truùc teá vi cuûa kim
loaïi.
metal mesh n. = WIRE MESH: Löôùi
kim loaïi
z metal monolith n. = METAL
SUPPORT: Lôùp neàn kim loaïi
trong vi maïch
z metal shears n. scissor-like
hand tool for cutting sheet metal:
Keùo caét kim loaïi
(NOTE: also called snips)
z metal spraying n. coating of
surfaces with droplets of molten
216
methanol
metal or alloy by using a
compressed gas stream: Söï phun
kim loaïi
z metal support n. (in a
catalytic converter) thin
corrugated strips of steel alloy
rolled up into a tight coil as a
support for the catalyst: Giaù ñôõ boä
xuùc taùc
z metalworking n. forming and
shaping metal: Coâng ngheä kim
loaïi
meter 1 n. device for measuring the
quantity of a substance passing
through it: Thieát bò ño löu löôïng
2 v. (a) to measure with a meter:
Ño
z metering port n. part of the
metering unit in the fuel
distributor: Loã ñònh löôïng (phun
K)
metering unit n. unit which regulates
the quantity of fuel injected in the
K-jetronic system: Boä phaän ñònh
löôïng xaêng phun (K)
metering valve n. valve positioned
in the hydraulic line to the front
brakes, on some cars with front
disc and rear drum brakes: Van
phaân phoái (phanh)
methacrylate n. polymer used in
toughening rubber: Chaát nhöïa
ñoän laøm cöùng cao su.
methanol n. used in petrol/ alcohol
blends, in a variety of
concentrations blended with
unleaded petrol and solvents; a
typical methanol content is 3%;
use of petrol blends with methanol
will void the new car warranty of
most car manufacturers: Röôïu
Metanol
methylated spirits
(NOTE: formerly called methyl
alcohol)
methylated spirits n. almost pure
alcohol (which has wood alcohol
and colouring added to make it
unfit for human consumption);
used for cleaning: Coàn pha maøu
(duøng ñeå laøm saïch)
metric thread n. one of two
commonly used screw threads:
Ren heä meùt
metro driving n. US = URBAN
DRIVING: Laùi xe ôû trung taâm ñoâ
thò
MF = MULTI-FOCAL: Nhieàu tieâu
ñieåm
z MF headlight = conventional
headlight with a multiple-focus
parabolic reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu xe
loaïi nhieàu tieâu ñieåm
MG (short for) Morris Garages; a
popular old British sports car
marque Morris Garages: Moät loaïi
xe theå thao coå noåi tieáng cuûa Anh
microbial corrosion n. corrosion
associated with the action of
micro-organisms present in the
corrosion system: Söï aên moøn do vi
sinh
microcar n. small car, popular in the
1950s, that featured a body
offering full-weather protection
and mechanics often derived from
motorcycle technology, e.g.
Goggomobil, BMW Isetta, etc: Xe
oâ toâ raát nhoû
microgalvanic cell n. = LOCAL
CELL: Pin cuïc boä
micrometer n. (a) instrument for
taking very small measurements,
such as measuring the width or
thickness of very thin pieces of
217
mid-range
metal, etc. (b) US =
MICROMETRE: Panme, vi keá
z micrometer (type) torque
wrench = CLICK-TYPE TORQUE
WRENCH: Caàn sieát löïc coù ñoàng
hoà.
micrometre or micron n. unit of
measurement of thickness (= one
thousandth of a milimetre) :
Microâmet
(NOTE: usually written “μm” with
figures: 25 μm)
micro oil filter n. special oil filter
designed to trap particles down to
1 micrometre in order to allow
extended oil change intervals in
the order of 60,000 miles without
affecting engine life: Boä loïc daàu
tinh.
microprocessor spark timing system
(MSTS) n. = MAPPED
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
baèng vi xöû lyù.
mid-engine car n. car whose engine
is located behind the passenger
compartment but within the
wheelbase: Xe coù ñoäng cô ñaët ôû
giöõa
mid-size car n. American car
category which encompasses
practically all cars which would be
considered large outside the USA;
some typical examples are: Audi
100/200, BMW 7-series, Buick
Regal, Dodge Dynasty, Ford
Taurus, Mazda 626, Mercedes S-
class (at least prior to 1991),
Mercury Cougar, Oldsmobile
Cutlass, Pontiac 6000, Volvo
740/940: OÂtoâ côõ trung
mid-range n. middle of the rev
midbed
range, around 3000 rpm : Soá voøng
quay trung bình
midbed n. in dual bed catalytic
converters with air injection, the
plenum between the three-way
catalyst and the conventional
oxidation catalyst, into which
secondary air is injected: Ngaên
giöõa boä xuùc taùc ba ngaõ.
midrange torque n. pulling power
of the engine in the middle of the
rev range: Moâ men quay ôû soá
voøng quay trung bình
MIG (short for) metal/ inert gas: Kim
loaïi / khí trô
z MIG welding = are welding
method in which the electric
current is provided by the filler
metal wire which is cooled and
shielded from the access of air by
a stream of chemically inert gas,
thus preventing oxidation of the
joint: Kyõ thuaät haøn MIG (duøng
que haøn vaø khí trô)
migrate v. (of electrophoretic paint)
to be attracted to car bodies when
they are immersed in a bath of
paint with an applied polarity
across the bath and the bodies:
Ñöôïc baùm sôn (ñieän)
mild steel n. type of steel with a low
carbon content (0.1-0.25%), widely
used in vehicle construction:
Theùp ít carbon
mile n. Daëm Anh, moät daëm = 1.609m
mileage n. (a) distance measured in
miles, as by a mileometer:
Khoaûng caùch ño baèng daëm Anh
(b) the total number of miles a
motor vehicle has travelled: Toång
soá daëm cuûa xe ñaõ ñi
(c ) the number of miles a motor
218
milligram
vehicle travels on one gallon of
fuel: Soá daëm xe ñi treân moät
gallon nhieân lieäu
z mil (e) ometer n. device that
records the number of miles
travelled: Ñoàng hoà ño soá daëm ñaõ
ñi ñöôïc
mill 1 v. (a) to grind, press or reduce
to powder: Xay, nghieàn
(b) to shape or cut metal: Caùn
2.n. (a) = MILLING CUTTER:
Löôõi caét raêng, dao caét raêng,löôõi
phay (chaïy troøn)
(b) = MILLING MACHINE:
Maùy phay (baøo)
z milled glass fibre n. chopped
strands of glass fibre which vary
in length from 3 mm to about 50
mm: Sôïi thuûy tinh.
z milling cutter n. rotating,
toothed cutter in a milling
machine, used to cut or shape
metal: Löôõi phay
z milling machine n. machine tool
with a table on which rests
material which is cut by a rotating
cutting tool held by a horizontal
arbor or vertical spindle: Maùy
phay (baøo)
z millsaw file n. flat hand file
with round or square edges for
sharpening saw blades or machine-
cutting knives: Duõa maøi dao caét
milliampere n. thousandth of an
ampere: Ñôn vò ño cöôøng ñoä doøng
ñieän (NOTE: with figures usually
written mA)
z milliammeter n. ammeter with
a milliampere scale: Thieát bò ño
doøng coù ñôn vò mA
milligram n.unit of measurement of
weight (= one thousandth of a
millilitre
gram) : Ñôn vò ño troïng löôïng
(NOTE: with figures usually
written mg)
millilitre or US milliliter n. unit of
measurement of liquid (= one
thousandth of a litre): Ñôn vò ño
theå tích
(NOTE: with figures usually
written ml)
millimetre or US millimeter n. unit
of measurement of length (= one
thousandth of a metre): Ñôn vò ño
chieàu daøi
(NOTE: with figures usually
written mm)
mineral oil n. light lubricating oil
refined from crude oil: Daàu boâi
trôn nheï (töø daàu thoâ)
Mini n. very successful, small British
front-wheel drive car designed in
1959 by Sir Alec Issigonics (1906-
88): Nhaõn hieäu xe Mini
minibus n. small, single-decker bus
designed to carry around 12-20
people: Xe buyùt nhoû
minicar n. very small saloon car,
carrying no more than four adults:
Xe oâ toâ nhoû
mini catalytic converter n. usually
used as a primary catalytic
converter and installed close to the
engine in the headpipe: Boä xuùc
taùc nhoû
miniframe n. = SUSPENSION
SUBFRAME: Söôøn khung phuï
cuûa heä thoáng treo
mini-grinder n. = ANGLE
GRINDER: Maùy maøi goùc
Minilite (alloy wheel) n. a true
magnesium wheel, developed for
the Mini in 1962 by nuclear
engineer Derek Power on the basis
219
mist action
of experience gathered with
magnesium components in nuclear
power plants; the Minilite: Maâm
hôïp kim Minilite
mini spare wheel n. = TEMPA
SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe döï
phoøng
mini tube cutter n. compact tube
cutter for cutting brass, copper,
plastic, or thin steel tubing in
confined areas: Dao caét oáng nhoû
minivan n. minibus-sized van with no
side windows, used to transport
goods instead of people: Xe taûi
loaïi nhoû
minor diameter n. diameter
measured from the thread root to
the corresponding root on the
opposite side of the bolt or screw:
Ñöôøng kính chaân ren
mint condition n. (in) perfect
condition, as brand new: Tình
traïng hoaøn haûo nhö môùi tinh
mirror n. car mirrors can be either
interior or exterior: Göông chieáu
haäu
misalignment n. general term
referring to all types of frame
damage caused by accidents:
Khung xe bò leäch do tai naïn
misfire 1 v. (of the air/ fuel mixture)
to fail to ignite properly (often
resulting in a backfire) : Khoâng
noå (ñoäng cô)
2 n. the act of misfiring: Söï
boû maùy
miss v. = MISFIRE : Khoâng noå
(ñoäng cô)
mist action n. US =
INTERMITTENT WIPER
CONTROL: Boä ñieàu khieån caàn
gaït nöôùc ngaét quaõng
mixed-flow impeller
mixed-flow impeller n. pump
impeller which combines radial
and axial-flow principles, i.e.
liquid flows both along the drive
shaft and out through the impeller;
pump impellers are classed as
mixed-flow when the specific
speed is 2,000 to 6,000 rpm: Caùnh
bôm xieân (keát hôïp duøng doïc vaø
ngang)
z mixed-flow pump = centrifugal
pump which develops its head
partly by centrifugal force and
partly by the lift of the vanes on
the liquid: Bôm ly taâm
z mixing chamber n. (a) that
part of a carburettor distinct from
the float chamber both in function
and layout, in which the air and the
fuel mix as they meet: Buoàng hoøa
troän (cheá hoøa khí)
(b) (of a catalytic converter) =
MIDBED: Ngaên giöõa boä xuùc taùc
ba ngaõ.
z mixing head n. head of an
oxy-acetylence torch by which the
mixture of oxygen and acetylene
can be adjusted: Ñaàu troän khí cuûa
moû haøn hôi
z mixing rolls n. machine
designed for the mixing and
mastication of the materials from
which tyres are made: Truïc caùn
hoøa troän (laøm voû xe)
mixture n. (a) air/ fuel mixture in
an IC engine (b) (two-stroke
engine) mixture of oil and petrol
in the fuel tank of a two-stroke
engine; e.g. 1:50, i.e. one part of
oil is added to every 50 parts of
fuel: Hoãn hôïp, hoøa khí
z mixture control knob n. =
220
modular air strut
CHOKE: Böôùm gioù
z mixture control screw n.
adjusting screw which controls the
amount of air/ fuel mixture
supplied by the idling circuit of a
fixed-jet carburettor: Vít ñieàu
chænh hoãn hôïp, vít xaêng
z mixture control unit n. unit in
the K-jetronic fuel injection
system which combines the fuel
distributor and the airflow sensor;
it monitors the rate of airflow and
meters the fuel supplied to the
injectors: Boä ñieàu chænh hoãn hôïp
(phun K)
z mixture volume n. the
quantity of air/ fuel mixture:
Löôïng hoãn hôïp
mobile home n. US caravan : Xe rô
mooc duøng laøm nhaø ôû, nhaø löu
ñoäng
z mobile phone n. cellular
telephone: Ñieän thoaïi di ñoäng
treân xe
z mobile two-way radio n.
receiver/ transmitter used for CB
communication: Maùy thu phaùt di
ñoäng.
mode n. way of operating : Cheá ñoä
laøm vieäc
model designation n. shortened
description of a particular model:
Moâ taû ngaén veà maãu xe
model year (MY) n. a new model
year starts after the summer break
of the car production plant, during
which the assembly lines are
altered to accommodate the
changes introduced in the cars of
the next model year: Naêm ra kieåu
xe môùi .
modular air strut n. = SELF-
modulator
LEVELLING (SUSPENSION)
STRUT: Thanh töï caân baèng
(treo)
modulator n. (Automatic gearbox)
actuator used to transform inlet
manifold vacuum into a crankcase: Caáu truùc ñoäng cô vôùi
mechanical motion, which in turn
can be used to move the connected
modulator valve: Boä ñieàu bieán
z modulator pressure = pressure
controlled by the actuator valve
and thus directly related to inlet
manifold vacuum: Aùp suaát ñieàu
bieán
z modulator valve = valve
operated by the modulator to
create modulator pressure by
means of inlet manifold vacuum:
Van ñieàu bieán
module n. electronic control
assembly: Boä ñieàu khieån ñieän töû
molecular weight n. the mass of a
molecule that may be calculated as
the sun of the atomic weights of its
constituent atom: Troïng löôïng
phaân töû
mole grips or mole wrench n.
locking pliers: Kìm khoaù
molybdenum n. metallic element
used in alloys, especially to harden
and strengthen steels in high
temperature applications, like
exhaust valves: Molypñen (hoùa
hoïc)
z molybdenum piston ring or
(informal) moly ring = piston ring
with a molybdenum coating: Baïc
pittoâng coù lôùp Molypñen phuû
ngoaøi
MON = MOTOR OCTANE
NUMBER: Chæ soá oác-tan ñoäng cô
monkey wrench n. = ADJUSTABLE
221
MOT
SPANNER: Moû leát
monobloc casting or construction n.
type of engine construction where
the cylinders are cast in a single
block which incorporates the
xy lanh ñuùc lieàn vôùi caùc te.
monocoque n. unitary design in
which body and chassis are all one
unit: Thieát keá khung vaø voû
nguyeân khoái
(NOTE: also called unitary
construction)
Mono-Jetronic n. single point
injection system developed by
Bosch: Heä thoáng phun xaêng ñôn
ñieåm
monolith n. single block of material;
used to describe the (ceramic)
base for the catalyst in one type of
catalytic converter : Lôùp neàn cho
boä hoaù khöû
z monolithic converter =
catalytic converter with a catalyst-
coated, ceramic honeycomb
monolith through which the
exhaust gases pass: Boä hoaù khöû
daïng toå ong
monomer n. a relatively simple
compound which can react with
itself to form a polymer or with
other monomers to form a
copolymer: Hôïp chaát ñôn phaân töû
monotube damper or shock absorber
n. = SINGLE-TUBE SHOCK
ABSORBER: Phuoäc nhuùn moät
oáng
moped n. two-wheeled cycle with a
low powered motor (under 50 cc):
Xe gaén maùy coù coâng suaát thaáp
MOT (short for) Ministry of
Transport: Boä giao thoâng vaän taûi
MOT certificate
z MOT certificate = certificate
awarded when a vehicle passes an
MOT test: Giaáy chöùng nhaän ñaõ
kieåm tra xe
z MOT test = annual
roadworthiness test for all vehicles
over two years old, undertaken by
a garage approved by the
(currently named) Department of
Transport: Kieåm tra xe haøng naêm
cho nhöõng xe quaù 2 naêm.
motor n. (a) electric motor: Ñoäng
cô ñieän
(b) engine: Ñoäng cô
(c) motor car: Xe oâ toâ
z motorbike n. (informal) =
MOTORCYCLE: Xe gaén maùy
z motor car n. a (usually) four-
wheeled road vehicle powered by
an IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe oâ toâ
z motor caravan or US motor
home n. a self-powered
(motorized) caravan: Nhaø löu
ñoäng
z motorcycle n. single-track
vehicle usually driven by a two-
stroke or four-stroke engine; often
air-cooled, less frequently liquid-
cooled and usually between 125 cc
and1000 cc: Xe moâtoâ
z motor home n. US = MOTOR
CARAVAN: Nhaø löu ñoäng
z motor insurance n. insurance
against damage to or damage
caused by a vehicle: Phí baûo
hieåm oâ toâ 2 chieàu.
z motorist n. car driver: Ngöôøi
laùi xe oâtoâ
z motorized a. with a motor:
Gaén ñoäng cô
222
moulding material
z motor mechanic n. car
mechanic: Thôï maùy
z motor octane number (MON)
n. fuel octane rating determined
by the motor octane test, one of
many test procedures: Chæ soá oác-
tan ñoäng cô
z motor oil n. engine oil or gear
oil: Daàu nhôùt ñoäng cô
z motor scooter n. lightweight
motorcycle with small wheels, an
enclosed engine, open foot
platform and leg shields: Xe tay
ga
z motor vehicle n. any
automotive vehicle that does not
run on rails; usually with rubber
tyres; such as cars, trucks, lorries
and motorcycles: Xe coä (coù baùnh)
z motorway n. a multi-lane,
main road for fast-moving traffic
(speed limit 70 mph in the UK)
with a central reservation, and few
exit and entry points: Ñöôøng lôùn
daønh cho oâtoâ chaïy nhanh; ñöôøng
cao toác, xa loä
MOT test see MOT
mould or US mold 1 n. hollow form
used to give a certain shape to
fluid or plastic material: Khuoân
2 v. to shape in a mould: Laøm
khuoân
z mouldability n. capacity for
being mould into a particular form:
Khaû naêng ñuùc ñöôïc
moulded part or moulding n.
plastic part produced by injection
moulding etc: Chi tieát laøm baèng
nhöïa ñuùc
moulding material n. moulding
materials are products which can
be moulded permanently by a
mould shrinkage
shaping process employing
mechanical forces within a given
temperature range into moulded
parts or semi-finished articles; in
some cases moulding materials are
used in a preformed state (e.g.
pelleted or granulated) without
their plastic mouldability being
appreciably impaired by such
preforming: Vaät lieäu ñuùc
z mould shrinkage n. (of
thermoplastics) the difference in
dimension between the cold mould
and the cooled moulded part,
expressed in % relative to the
dimension of the cold mould: Tyû
leä co cuûa chi tieát ñuùc
Moulton Hydragas suspension n.
hydro pneumatic suspension
developed by Leyland: Heä thoáng
treo Moulton Hydragas
z Moulton Hydrolastic
suspension = Hydrolastic
suspension developed by Leyland:
Heä thoáng treo Moulton
Hydrolastic
mount v. to attach something to a
support: Laép ñaët, gaén
z mounting n. support to which
or by means of which something is
attached: Giaù, khung
z mounting frame = floating-
frame disc brake in which the
floating frame is held by a casting
which is bolted to the steering
knuckle or other suspension part:
Phanh ñóa vôùi khung treo
move off v. to start from rest; to
begin to drive away: Ñi tieáp
moving contact n. component of a
solenoid switch; in a starter motor
it is designed for switching on the
223
multi-disc
electric circuit in the excitation and
armature windings: Tieáp ñieåm di
ñoäng (laù ñoàng trong rôle caøi
khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng)
mpg (short for) miles per gallon;
measure of fuel consumption: Ñôn
vò ño löôïng nhieân lieäu tieâu thuï
(soá daëm chaïy ñöôïc treân moät
gallon)
z mph (short for) miles per hour;
measure of vehicle speed: Ñôn vò
ño toác ñoä xe tính theo daëm.
MPI = MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun ña ñieåm
MSTS = MICROPROCESSOR
SPARK TIMING SYSTEM: Heä
thoáng duøng maïch vi xöû lyù ñieàu
khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
mud and snow tyre (M + S tyre) n.
winter tyre with a deep tread:
Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân buøn vaø baêng
tuyeát
z mudflap n. flexible rubber or
vinyl rear extension to the wheel
arch to protect the bodywork from
dirt and stones: Taám chaén buøn
vaø ñaát ñaù
(NOTE: US English is splash
guard)
z mudguard n. curved part over
the wheels of a motorcycle to
minimize splashing: Veø xe gaén
maùy
muffler n. US = SILENCER: OÁng
giaûm thanh (poâ)
Multec (system) n. combined fuel
injection and ignition system
Multec: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tích
hôïp caû xaêng vaø löûa Multec
z multi-cut file n. = MULTI-
PURPOSE FILE: Giuõa vaïn naêng
z multi-disc a. = MULTI-
multi-entry
PLATE : Nhieàu ñóa
z multi-entry n. (pump) =
MULTI-SUCTION PUMP: Bôm
nhieàu loã huùt
z multi-focal (MF) a. multiple-
focus: Nhieàu tieâu ñieåm
zmulti-focal headlight
conventional headlight with a
multiple focus parabolic reflector:
Ñeøn ñaàu nhieàu tieâu ñieåm (phaûn
chieáu)
multi-function control stalk n. a
rodshaped control mounted on the
steering column near the steering
wheel: Coâng taéc daïng oáng döôùi
voâ laêng
multigrade oil n. if an engine oil
meets the viscosity requirements
of several different single-grade
engine oil types it is referred to as
multigrade: Daàu nhôùt ña caáp
z multigrip pliers n. pliers with
an adjustable head allowing
different jaw widths: Moû leát
z multi-hole nozzle n. two-, three-
or four-holed injector nozzle in a
direct injection engine: Voøi phun
nhieàu loã tia
z multi-inlet pump n. = MULTI-
SUCTION PUMP: Bôm nhieàu loã
huùt
z multi-leaf spring n. leaf spring
made of several narrow, flat strips
(leaves): Nhíp nhieàu laù
z multi-link independent rear
suspension n. special multi-link
rear suspension design, developed
by Mercedes-Benz for the W 201
series: Heä thoáng treo sau ñoäc laäp
nhieàu khaâu.
z multi-link rear suspension =
general term for independent rear
multi-point injection
suspension layouts incorporating
several control arms: Heä thoáng
treo sau nhieàu khaâu
multi-piece rim n. rim type
incorporating at least one
demountable bead seat and/ or rim
= flange to allow tyre mounting:
Loaïi nieàng xe thaùo rôøi (nhieàu
mieáng)
(NOTE: oppiste is one-piece rim)
multi-plate or multiple-plate clutch
or US multiple-disc clutch n.
clutch with more than one driven
plate, usually of the oil-immersed
type; frequently used in
motorcycle drive trains, in
automatic transmissions of cars, in
power distribution systems of 4wd
vehicles, and as locking elements
in limited-slip differentials: Boä ly
hôïp nhieàu ñóa ma saùt
z multiple-disc limited-slip
differential = limited-slip
differential incorporating multiple
discs as locking or slip-inhibiting
devices: Boä vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït
nhieàu ñóa
z multiple-point injection n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION: Heä
thoáng phun ña ñieåm
z multiple-spark (ignition) coil
n. = MULTI-SPARK (IGNITION)
COIL: Boâbin duøng cho nhieàu xy
lanh (ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp)
z multiplex technology n. in
cars, connecting lamps, wipers,
horn, etc. to a single power cable
via electronically controlled
modules, making it easier to
diagnose faults and to service:
Coâng ngheä ña daãn.
z multi-point injection (MPI) n.
224
multi-purpose file
petrol fuel-injection system in
which only air enters the inlet
manifold; as the air approaches the
inlet valve, an injection valve
opens in the valve port, spraying
fuel into the airstream: Heä thoáng
phun ña ñieåm
z multi-purpose file n. file
(usually flat) with faces featuring
different cuts, e.g. coarse cut on
one side and smooth cut on the
other: Giuõa vaïn naêng
z multi-spark (ignition) coil n.
type of ignition coil used in static
high-voltage distribution, designed
as a double-spark or four-spark
coil: Bobin cho 2 hoaëc 4 xy lanh
(ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp)
multi-stage pump n. pump with two
or more stages (impeller/ diffusers
or other pumping elements)
operating in series: Bôm nhieàu
taàng
multi-storey car park n. car park
with many levels: Choã ñaäu oâto
nhieàu taàng
multi-suction pump n. centrifugal
pump with several impellers
connected in parallel; i.e. the flow
is separated into two or more
partial flows: Bôm nhieàu loã huùt
225
MY
mushroom-shaped dolly n. dolly
with a shank to allow it to be hand-
held or clamped in a vice; a more
or less rounded head may be fitted
to one or both ends of the shank:
Ñe hình naám.
z mushroom tappet n. tappet
shaped like a mushroom located on
the underside of a pushrod
operating the valves of a four-
stroke engine: Con ñoäi suù paùp
hình naám
z mushroom valve n. =
POPPET VALVE: Suù paùp
mutual inductance n. takes place
when a current in one winding
induces an EMF in another
winding in the same magnetic
circuit: Caûm öùng töông hoã.
MV = MANUAL VALVE: Van ñieàu
khieån baèng tay
MY = MODEL YEAR: Naêm ra kieåu
xe môùi.
N needle
Nn
N (gear selector) = NEUTRAL: Soá
N trong daõy soá cuûa hoäp soá töï
ñoäng
nail punch n. = DRIFT PUNCH: Kìm
nhoå ñinh
natural frequency n. frequency at
which an object, circuit or system
oscillates or vibrates when set in
free vibration: Taàn soá dao ñoäng
töï do
z natural gas n. alternative,
environmentally friendly fuel
(mainly methane) which can be
stored under pressure in the boot
as compressed natural gas (CNG):
Khí ñoát thieân nhieân
z naturally aspirated engine n.
conventional engine that takes in
air at normal pressure, i. e. not
turbocharged or supercharged:
Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng aùp
(NOTE: opposite is forced-
induction engine)
z natural oxide film or skin n.
transparent film which forms
naturally on an aluminium surface
due to oxidation: Lôùp maøng oxit
nhoâm
z natural rubber (NR) n. rubber
which occurs naturally as a
product of the metabolism of
certain trees and plants, notably
trees of the Hevea brasiliensis
species: Cao su töï nhieân
z natural weathering n.
corrosion test by means of which
the corrosion resistance of a
material is tested in the open air:
Kieåm tra khaû naêngï aên moøn
226
cuûa vaät lieäu khi ñeå ngoaøi trôøi.
nave n. wheel hub: Truïc baùnh xe
z nave plate = hub cap: Naép
troøn ñaäy truïc baùnh xe
NCM = NOx-CONTROL MODULE:
Boä kieåm soaùt khí NOx
NCS = NOISE CANCELLATION
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng khöû tieáng
oàn
NDIR analyser n. non-dispersive
infrared analyser, used for
analysing concentrations of carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide in
an exhaust gas sample: Maùy phaân
tích haøm löôïng CO vaø CO2 trong
khí thaûi baèng tia hoàng ngoaïi.
NDT method n. non-destructive
testing method, such as ultrasonic
testing, X-ray testing, dye-
penetrant testing: Phöông phaùp
nghieân cöùu khoâng phaù huûy nhö
duøng sieâu aâm, X-quang…
nearside (n/s) n. the side of a
vehicle nearest the kerb (when
driving): Phía xe gaàn saùt vôùi leà
ñöôøng.
necking n. when ductile test
specimens are subjected to a
tensile test, they exhibit necking
when the tensile force exceeds the
yield strength of the material;
necking results in a reduction of
area, measured in percent after
break of the specimen: Phaàn thaét
laïi cuûa vaät maãu khi thöû söùc caêng
needle n. (a) indicator or pointer on
an instrument or gauge: Kim chæ
baùo, kim ñoàng hoà
(b) tapered, needle-shaped pin in
needle bearing
a carburettor jet: Kim ga
z needle bearing n. roller
bearing with long thin rollers: OÅ bi
kim, oå bi ñuõa daøi
z needle-nose pliers n. = phoùng töø ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
LONG-NOSE PLIERS: Kìm moû
nhoïn
z needle valve n. (i) valve with a
needle-shaped pin that can be
moved to control the flow of a
fluid: Van kim trong heä thoáng
thuyû löïc.
(ii) in a carburettor, valve which
controls the amount of petrol
flowing from the pump to the float
chamber: Van kim trong boä cheá
hoøa khí.
EGR valve n. = NEGATIVE
TRANSDUCER VALVE: Van
tuaàn hoaøn khí thaûi
z negative camber see
CAMBER: Ñoä nghieâng vaøo trong
cuûa baùnh xe (goùc nghieâng aâm)
z negative castor n. (steering
geometry) when an imaginary line
extended through the steering axis
meets the ground behind the
extended vertical axis through the
wheel centre: Ñoä nghieâng cuûa
truïc baùnh xe höôùng veà tröôùc
(goùc nghieâng aâm)
z negative electrode n. =
NEGATIVE PLATE: Baûn cöïc
aâm (aéc quy)
z negative plate n. during
battery discharge, the grey plate
which acts as anode: Baûn cöïc aâm
(bình aéc-quy)
(NOTE: opposite is positive
plate)
z negative spark n. a spark that
jumps from the negative centre
227
Nernst equation
electrode to the positive earth
electrode of the sparking plug,
allowing a reduction in the high
voltage require: Tia löûa ñieän
bougie vôùi ñieän theá aâm sang
ñieän cöïc bìa vôùi ñieän theá döông.
z negative suction head n. =
SUCTION LIFT: Chieàu cao coät
huùt aâm
z negative terminal n. black
battery terminal with a minus
symbol indicating negative
polarity: Coïc aâm
z negative transducer EGR
valve n. valve used on engines
with a relatively low back
pressure to provide the desired
opening point and exhaust gas
recycling rate: Van tuaàn hoaøn
khí thaûi
z negative wheel offset or
negative wheel dish(ing) n. =
NEGATIVE OFFSET
nerf bar n. US type of front bumper
guard, typically made of chrome-
plated steel tubing; extends
horizontally from below front end
and is curved upward; a pair of
nerf bars is usually braced by a
horizontal crossbar (NOTE: in
Australia called roo bar): Thanh
ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc) laøm
baèng theùp maï crome hoaëc inox
Nernst equation n. relationship
showing that the electromotive
force developed by a dry cell is
determined by the activities of the
reacting species, the temperature
of the reaction, and the standard
free-energy change of the overall
reaction: Coâng thöùc tính söùc
neutral
ñieän ñoäng aéc quy Nernst
neutral 1 a. (a) not having any
marked characteristics: Khoâng coù
ñaëc ñieåm roõ reät.
z neutral handling = having
neither oversteer nor understeer:
Beû laùi khoâng dö cuõng khoâng
thieáu
(b) having a pH of 7, i. e. neither
alkaline nor acid: Trung tính
(hoaù)
2 n. position of the gearbox in
which no gear is engaged;
indicated by the letter N on
automatic gear selectors: Tay soá
N (soá mo)
new-old-stock (NOS) part n. new
genuine spares for older models,
referring mostly to spare parts that
are normally no longer produced:
Phuï tuøng môùi cho caùc xe ñôøi cuõ
khoâng coøn saûn xuaát.
NiCaSil n. nickel-silicon plating used
e. g. on the cylinder walls of
certain light-weight high-
performance engines; reduces
weight and friction and improves
heat transfer: Lôùp maï nickel-
silicon treân thaønh xy lanh
z nickel plating n. thin coating of
nickel deposited on a surface by
electrolysis: Lôùp maï keàn
nipple n. (a) (lubrication) small, one-
way valve used for injecting
grease into a bearing: Nuùm tra
môõ, nuùm voâ môõ
(b) (bleeding) short, steel tube
holding a thin rubber or plastic
tube used for bleeding hydraulic
fluid: OÁc xaû gioù
nippy a. (of a motor vehicle) small
and relatively powerful: Nhoû
228
nominal diameter
nhöng maïnh (xe)
nitriding n. (of a steel surface)
hardening by heating for several
hours in ammonia gas; used on
crankshafts: Toâi beà maët truïc
khuyûu baèng caùch nung trong
amoniac
nitrocellulose paint n. paint giving a
deep, lustrous finish: Lôùp sôn nitô
xenluloza
nitrogen oxides (NOx) n. general
term for an unknown mixture of
nitrogen oxides, usually nitric
oxide and nitrogen dioxide: Khí
nitô oxit
noble metal n. precious metal (such as
gold, silver, mercury, platinum)
which conducts electricity very
well, resists corrosion and is inert;
some are used as catalysts in
catalytic converters: Kim loaïi quyù
no-claims bonus n. reduction in
insurance premiums because no
claims have been made: Tieàn
thöôûng (giaûm tieàn baûo hieåm)
nhôø laùi xe an toaøn
noise cancellation or reduction
n. the reduction of noise by means
of anti-noise loudspeakers: Khöû
tieáng oàn
z noise cancellation system
(NCS) = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM:
Heä thoáng khöû tieáng oàn
nominal capacity n. = RATED
CAPACITY: Dung löôïng ñònh
möùc
z nominal diameter n.
characteristic value used for
pipeline systems to identify parts
which belong together such as
pipes, pipe joints, fittings, etc; a
nominal size for the inside
nominal engine speed
diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñònh möùc
z nominal engine speed n. =
RATED SPEED: Toác ñoä ñoäng cô
ñònh möùc
z nominal length n. (i) length of
the shank of screws/bolts with flat
bearing faces; (ii) length of shank
plus height of head of countersunk
bolts/screws; (iii) overall length of
a stud minus the length of the stud
end: Chieàu daøi, ñoä daøi ñònh möùc
cuûa bu loâng.
z nominal pressure n. = of perforation and weakening
RATED PRESSURE: AÙp suaát
ñònh möùc
z nominal (thread) diameter n.
= MAJOR DIAMETER: Ñöôøng
kính (ren) ñònh möùc
z nominal voltage n. = RATED
VOLTAGE: Ñieän aùp ñònh möùc
non-destructive testing (NDT) see
NDT METHOD: Phöông phaùp
kieåm tra khoâng phaù huûy
z non-dispersive infrared
analyser see NDIR ANALYSER:
Maùy phaân tích khí thaûi duøng tia
hoàng ngoaïi
z non-ferrous metal n. metal that
is not based on iron; includes
aluminium, copper, magnesium,
etc.: Kim loaïi maøu
non-self-priming pump n. a
centrifugal pump which is unable
to evacuate and prime the suction
line without external assistance:
Bôm ly taâm khoâng töï moài
(NOTE: opposite is self-priming
pump)
non-servo brake n. drum brake
design; each brake shoe is
anchored, therefore no one shoe
can assist in the application of the
229
nose-up
other; one shoe is self-energizing,
the other is not: Phanh khoâng trôï
löïc
Nordberg key n. round key: Chìa
khoùa troøn
Nordic Anti-Corrosion Code n. (for
passenger cars) code developed
by the Scandinavian automobile
and consumer associations which
stipulates that, as of January 1983,
all cars must be free of surface
corrosion for three years and free
damage for six years: Luaät baûo
veä ngöôøi tieâu duøng ôû moät soá
nöôùc Baéc AÂu quy ñònh xe du lòch
khoâng ñöôïc ræ beà maët trong 3
naêm, khoâng bò thuûng trong 6
naêm.
normal zinc technology see LOW
ZINC TECHNOLOGY
z normally aspirated engine n.
= NATURALLY ASPIRATED
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô khoâng taêng
aùp
north-south layout n. engine
layout with the cylinders lying
lengthways from the front (north)
to the back (south): Ñoäng cô
ñaëttheo chieàu doïc
(NOTE: also called longitudinal
engine)
NOS = NEW-OLD-STOCK (PART):
Phuï tuøng môùi cho xe ñôøi cuõ
nose n. the front end of a vehicle: Maët
tröôùc cuûa xe hôi
z nose-to-tail n. driving mode in
rush-hour traffic; bumper-to-
bumper: Xe chaïy noái ñuoâi nhau
z nose-up a. description of the
towing vehicle if the vehicle being
towed is too heavy: Tình traïng
nose dive
cuûa xe keùo neáu xe ñöôïc keùo quaù
naëng
z nose dive n. = BRAKE DIVE:
Phanh bò ñaâm
z nosepiece n. insert for pop-rivet
pliers that is used to allow various
pop-rivet diameters to be used:
Ñaàu naïp ñi veâ
nose protector n.cover, usually of
black soft plastic sheeting with
flannel-like backing, that fits
around the front end of a car: Vaät
baûo veä muõi xe baèng chaát deûo
(NOTE: also called nose bra)
nose weight n. vertical weight on the
centre of the towing ball exerted
by the vehicle being towed (on
level ground): Troïng löôïng ñöùng
ôû taâm moùc keùo khi keùo xe
no-spin differential n. = LIMITED-
SLIP DIFFERENTIAL: Boä
truyeàn ñoäng vi sai giôùi haïn tröôït
notchy a. (changing of gears) not
smooth, causing a slight crashing
of gears; often caused by the
clutch failing to disengage fully:
Tieáng keâu khi voâ soá do ly hôïp
khoâng nhaû heát
NOX (symbolfor) NITROGEN
OXIDES: Khí NOx
z NOx-Control module NCM =
digital ignition control module for
retrofitting to cars with Motronic
engine control; modifies ignition
timing characteristics for lower
NOx emissions: Boä phaän kieåm
soaùt khí NOx
nozzle n. jet, hole, or special fitting at
the end of a pipe for controlling
what comes out: Voøi phun
z nozzle restrictor n. restrictor
in the fuel filler neck of cars fitted
230
nylon
with catalytic converters that
prevents filling from leaded petrol
pumps, which have larger pump
nozzles: Loã ñoå xaêng duøng cho
xaêng khoâng chì (nhoû hôn)
NR = NATURAL RUBBER: Cao su
thieân nhieân
n/s = NEARSIDE: Phía leà
nudge bar n. = NERF BAR: Thanh
caûn tröôùc
numberplate n. plate on the front and
back of a vehicle, showing its
registration number: Baûng ñaêng
kyù (baûng soá xe oâ toâ)
(NOTE: US English is license
plate)
z numberplate lamp = lamp
providing white illumination of
the rear numberplate: Ñeøn baûng
soá
nut n. small, metal block with a
threaded central hole so that it can
be screwed on to a bolt, screw,
etc.: Ñai oác
z nut cracker or splitter = tool
used to crack open stubborn nuts
without damaging the bolt or stud
thread: Duïng cuï ñuïc ñai oác (khi
môû khoù)
z nut driver or spinner =
SOCKET DRIVER: Caàn sieát nuï
z nut starter = tool used to hold
nuts for easy placement in tight
locations: Duïng cuï giöõ ñai oác khi
sieát nhöõng choã heïp
z nut thread = internal thread of
a nut: Ñöôøng ren beân trong cuûa
ñai oác
nylon nut n. self-locking nut with
nylon insert: Ñai oác töï haõm coù
loàng ni loâng
z nylon n. tough, versatile,
nylon nylon hammer

synthetic material; can be used in z nylon hammer = soft face

sheet, fibre, or solid form: Ni loâng hammer with a nylon face: Buùa ni
loâng (nhöïa)

231
obstruction spanner
obstruction spanner n. bent ring
spanner for reaching around
manifold and other obstacles to
work on parts with difficult access,
such as starter or alternators: Caàn
sieát duøng cho nhöõng vuøng ñoäng
cô khoù luoàn tay
OC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT:
Truïc cam treân naép maùy
ocean liner blast horn n. horn which
imitates the deep bellow of an
ocean liner horn: Coøi xe baét
chöôùc tieáng coøi hôi cuûa taøu bieån
octagonal (head) bolt n. bolt with
an eight-sided head: Bu-loâng ñaàu
baùt giaùc
z octagon nut n. nut with
eight-sided: Ñai oác baùt giaùc
octane number (ON) or octane
rating n. the measure of a
fuel’s anti-knock rating; the
average of Research Octane
Number (RON) and Motor Octane
Number (MON): Chæ soá oâctan
OD = OVERDRIVE: Soá cao nhaát
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng, soá OD
OUTER DIAMETER: Ñöôøng kính
ngoaøi.
odometer n. incorporated in the
speedometer, the odometer
indicates total mileage of the
vehicle, in miles or kilometres,
either mechanically
electronically: Ñoàng hoà ño
quaõng ñöôøng ñaõ ñi cuûa xe.
OE (M) = ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT
(MANUFACTURER): Thieát bò
chính haõng (nhaø saûn xuaát)
offer up v. to bring a part close to or
offset crankshaft
Oo
in contact with another, ready to
fit the pieces together: Laép chi
tieát naøy vaøo chi tieát khaùc
off-line a. independent of the main
production process line;
characterized by a separate
operation: Hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi
daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát
z off-line painting = painting of
parts, mostly plastic parts, outside
the actual painting line: Sôn caùc
chi tieát baèng nhöïa ngoaøi daây
chuyeàn sôn.
off-road vehicle n. 4wd vehicle with
locking differential for use on
rough terrain: Xe ñòa hình, xe
vieät daõ
offset 1 a. set at an angle or to one
side: Ñaët moät goùc, moät phía
2 n. (a) (steering geometry) =
SCRUB RADIUS: Baùn kính laùi
(b) (wheel) the distance
between the centre line of the rim
and the attachment face of the
wheel disc at the wheel hub; this
dimension can either be positive,
negative, or zero.: Khoaûng caùch
giöõa ñöôøng taâm vaønh baùnh xe
vôùi maët gaù laép ñóa baùnh xe ôû
truïc baùnh xe (khoaûng caùch naøy
coù theå döông, aâm hoaëc baèng
khoâng)
or offset angle n. angle of the offset
crankpins in V-engines: Goùc leäch
khuyûu (trong ñoäng cô chöõ V).
offset crankshaft n. crankshaft
layout whereby the axes of the
crankshaft and the piston pin do
not intersect: Kieåu truïc khuyûu
232
offset handle
maø treân hình chieáu taâm cuûa truïc
khuyûu khoâng caét aéc piston.
offset handle n. drive handle for use
with sockets, with one end set at
90o to the handle: Tay quay duøng
cho tuyùp coù ñaàu leäch 90o.
z offset power steering n. =
LINKAGE POWER STEERING:
Laùi coù trôï löïc lieân keát baèng
thanh laùi
z offset screwdriver n.
screwdriver with either straight or
cross-head tips or a combination
of both, and the two ends set at
right angles to the shank: Tuoác nô
vít coù tay quay ngang
z offset twin n. typical
motorcycle engine with the two
crankpins offset by 180°: Loaïi
ñoäng cô xe gaén maùy coù ñoä leäch
giöõa hai choát khuyûu baèng 180°
z offset wrench n. L-shaped
tool for turning recessed screws:
Thanh môû bu-loâng chìm hình L
off shape or off colour n. colour
mismatch due to wrong paint
mixing or application: Sai maøu
(sôn)
offside o/s n. side of the vehicle
farthest away from the kerb (when
driving): Beân xe xa leà ñöôøng (coù
theå traùi hoaëc phaûi tuyø theo tay
laùi thuaän hay nghòch)
off-the-car balancing n. balancing
the wheel after it has been
removed from the car: Caân baèng
ñoäng baùnh xe ngoaøi xe
(NOTE: opposite is on-the-car
balancing)
off-the-dolly panel beating n.
metalworking technique used to
233
oil can
hammer out dents in the
bodywork: Goø khoâng duøng ñe
OHC = OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT:
Truïc cam treân naép maùy
ohmmeter n. instrument designed
for measuring electric resistance:
OÂm keá
OHV-engine n. = OVERHEAD
VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù
suùpap treân naép maùy
oil n. the oil used to lubricate an
engine (engine oil) is refined
from crude oil and apart from
reducing friction and wear, cools
high-temperature parts like
bearings and piston rings (as well
as sealing the latter against blow-
by) and helps to keep engines
clean and free from corrosion
caused by combustion gases: Daàu
(nhôùt) boâi trôn ñoäng cô, nhôùt
oil additive n. any one of a variety
of chemicals added to engine oils
to improve their performance:
Caùc chaát phuï gia cuûa daàu (nhôùt)
ñoäng cô
oil and water extractor n.
(compressor) = AIR
TRANSFORMER: Boä phaän taùch
daàu(nhôùt) vaø nöôùc trong maùy
neùn
oil breather pipe n. crankcase
breather pipe used prior to engine
emission control systems to
remove fumes and pressure from
the engine crankcase (NOTE: US
English is roaddraft tube): OÁng
thoâng hôi caùc te
oil can n. (a) container with a long,
thin nozzle for lubricating
machinery (b) shallow dent in a
oil change
panel that causes the panel to
warp: Bình daàu (nhôùt) vôùi voøi
nhoû vaø daøi
oil change n. draining and replacing
the engine oil in regular intervals
(ideally every six months): Chu
kyø thay daàu (nhôùt), thôøi haïn
thay daàu (nhôùt)
oil circulation n. passing of oil
round the engine: Söï löu thoâng
daàu (nhôùt) trong ñoäng cô
oil consumption n. amount of oil an
engine uses: Ñoäï tieâu hao nhôùt
trong ñoäng cô
z oil control orifice valve n.
valve located in the feed line
between cylinder head: Van tieát
löu daàu (nhôùt).
z oil control ring = OIL
SCRAPER RING: Voøng gaêng
gaït daàu (nhôùt) (xeùc-maêng daàu
(nhôùt))
oil cooler n. small, air- or coolant-
cooler, radiator-like device
designed too decrease the
temperature of the oil in the
engine to approx 185oF: Bình
giaûi nhieät daàu (nhôùt) (baèng nöôùc
hoaëc gioù)
z oil cooler bypass valve = oil-
temperature controlled valve
which closes the oil circuit thought
the oil is still cold; similar function
as the thermostat in the engine
cooling system: Van haèng nhieät
trong bình (keùt) giaûi nhieät daàu
(nhôùt)
oil drain plug n. SUMP DRAIN
PLUG: OÁc xaû daàu (nhôùt) cac-te
z oil drain valve = valve in an
upright oil filter housing which
lets oil drain into the sump when
234
oil filter cartridge
the filter element is removed;
prevent oil spill: Van daãn daàu
(nhôùt) vaøo caùc te khi thaùo loïc
z oil duct or oil passage or oil
way n. pipe or passage through
which oil flows under pressure:
OÁng daãn daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc ñöôøng
oáng daàu (nhôùt) hoaëc raõnh daàu
(nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu (nhôùt)
z oiler n. (a) = CAM
LUBRICATOR: Boä phaän boâi
trôn cam (vít löûa)
(b) = OIL CAN: Bình daàu (nhôùt),
bình chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
z oil filler cap n. cap covering
the oil filler hole: Naép ñaäy loã
chaâm daàu (nhôùt)
z oil filler hole = hole through
which oil is poured into the engine
(usually situated on top of the
rocker cover): Loã chaâm nhôùt
z oil filter n. device for trapping
dirt in lubricating or hydraulic oil;
usually either a full- flow filter or
a bypass filter with the filter
elementmade of pleated paper,
gauze, ceramic or fine wire mesh:
Boä loïc daàu (nhôùt)
z oil filter bypass valve = valve
in or near the oil filter which
routes the oil unfiltered directly to
the lubricating points; it comes
into operation when the oil filter is
clogged so that pressure across the
filter is higher than the pressure
needed to overcome the oil filter
bypass valve spring: Van an toaøn
trong loïc daàu (nhôùt)
z oil filter cartridge = (i) the
type of oil filter usually used on
automotive engines which comes
complete with filter and housing,
 oil filter housing
and where both components are
replaced together (ii) a paper or
textile insert for the oil filter
housing (quite commonly used on
motorcycle engines where e.g. the
main filter is a disposable
cartridge, while a filter screen is
located on the bottom of the oil
pump): Löôùi loïc daàu (nhôùt).
z oil filter housing = case
surrounding an oil filter: Voû boä
loïc daàu (nhôùt)
z oil filter wrench = special
automotive tool for the removal
and installation of oil filters; they
come in a variety of shapes, e.g.
as strap wrenches, chain
wrenches, or special cup-style end
cap oil filter wrenches: Khoùa môû
boä loïc daàu (nhôùt)
oil gallery n. passage running the
length of the cylinder block
through which oil under pressure
flows before passing into the
bearings (via holes in the cylinder
block): Maïch daàu (nhôùt) trong
thaân maùy.
z oil gauge n. OIL PRESSURE
GAUGE: Duïng cuï ño aùp suaát
daàu (nhôùt)
z oil grade n. rating of an oil
according to its viscosity: Loaïi
daàu (nhôùt) theo ñoä nhôùt
z oil groove n. recess designed
to either accommodate or
transport lubricant: Raõnh daãn daàu
(nhôùt) ñeå boâi trôn
z oil immersed clutch n. =
WET CLUTCH: Ly hôïp ngaâm
trong daàu (nhôùt) (ly hôïp öôùt)
z oil level n. depth of oil in
sump, gearbox or rear axle: Möïc
235
oil pressure warning light
daàu (nhôùt), möùc daàu (nhôùt)
z oil level gauge = dial on the
instrument panel that indicates the
oil level; operates when the
ignition is switched on and stops
shortly after the engine starts to
run: Ñoàng hoà baùo möïc daàu
z oil level sensor = sensor
mounted in the sump that supplies
information on the engine oil level
to the corresponding on the engine
oil level to the corresponding
gauge: Caûm bieán möïc daàu (nhôùt)
z oil pan n. US = SUMP:
Maùng daàu (nhôùt)
z oil pick-up (pipe) n. pipe or
tube from the strainer to the oil
pump in the sump: (OÁng daãn) daàu
(nhôùt) veà caùc te tö øloïc
z oil pressure n. the lubrication
point of the engine will only be
lubricated sufficiently if, in
addition to the oil quantity
required, the oil pressure is also
sufficient; the oil pressure is
maintained be the oil pump: AÙp
suaát daàu (nhôùt)
z oil pressure gauge: AÙp keá daàu
(nhôùt), ñoàng hoà aùp suaát daàu
(nhôùt)
z oil pressure sensor = sensor
mounted above the oil filter that
supplies information on the engine
oil pressure to the corresponding
warning light: Caûm bieán aùp suaát
daàu (nhôùt)
z oil pressure switch = switch
which indicates a drop too below
the minimum permissible oil
pressure by illuminating the oil
pressure warning light: Coâng taéc
aùp suaát daàu (nhôùt)
 oil pressure warning light
z oil pressure warning light =
instrument panel light the
illuminates when oil pressure falls
below a certain level: Ñeøn baùo aùp
suaát daàu (nhôùt)
oil pump n. pump which circulates oil
under pressure to the moving parts
of an engine; normally bolted to
the crankcase and located in the
sump; usually a gear pump: Bôm
daàu (nhôùt) boâi trôn
z oil pump strainer = coarse-
mesh metal screen on the bottom
of the pick-up pipe that prevents
foreign matter (such as lost
washers, nuts and bolts) from
entering the oil pump: Væ loïc döôùi
bôm daàu (nhôùt)
oil rail n. the part of the oil ring
responsible for the seal between
piston and cylinder wall and thus
for the actual ‘scraping off’ of the
oil: Gôø cuûa baïc nhôùt ñeå gaït
nhôùt.
oil scraper ring n. piston ring
whose primary function is to
control the amount of oil that
remains on the cylinder walls:
Xeùc-maêng daàu (nhôùt)
oil screen n. = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Löôùi loïc döôùi bôm
daàu (nhôùt)
z oil seal n. any seal that
prevents the leakage of oil but
especially the valve stem seal
between the valve and the
cylinder head: Phôùt daàu (nhôùt) suù
paùp.
z oil separator n. wire-mesh
filter used to trap oil in the fumes
drawn out of the engine by the
crankcase ventilation system:
236
one-off
Thieát bò taùch daàu (nhôùt) töø oáng
thoâng hôi caùc te.
z oil sludge n. thick deposits in
the sump and elsewhere, of dirt
and the products of combustion,
partial combustion and oxidation
of the oil (e.g. carbon particles,
unburned hydrocarbons and
oxides): Caën daàu (nhôùt)
z oil sump see SUMP: Cacte daàu
(nhôùt) ôû döôùi
z oil temperature gauge n.
gauge which indicates the
temperature of the engine oil:
Ñoàng hoà ño nhieät ñoä daàu (nhôùt)
z oil trap n. = OIL
SEPARATOR: Duïng cuï taùch daàu
(nhôùt)
z oil way see OIL DUCT: Raõnh
daàu (nhôùt), ñöôøng daãn daàu
(nhôùt)
oleopneumatic suspension n. =
HYDROPNEUMATIC
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
thuyû khí
ON = OCTANE NUMBER: Chæ soá
oâctan
on-board computer n. electronic
component used to control vehicle
electrical circuits, etc. and to
process data for instrument panel
gauges: Maùy tính trung taâm
z on-board diagnostic system n.
indicating devices on the car that
alert the driver when something is
wrong in the system: Heä thoáng
chaån ñoaùn treân xe
one-coat finish n. finish consisting
of a single coat of paint: Lôùp sôn
cuoái (moät lôùp)
one-off n. a car or spare part of
which only a single unit is made:
 one-piece rim opera light

Xe hoaëc phuï tuøng chæ laøm moät (NOTE: opposite is off-the-car

laàn balancing)
one-piece rim n. wheel rim on-the-dolly panel beating n.
consisting of one part, designed metalworking technique used to
for tubeless type mounting: Nieàng tap out dents in the bodywork: Goø
xe lieàn khung duøng ñe
z one-piece rim designation = on-the-road charges n. extra
coded description of a one-piece charges, in addition to the list
wheel rim: Thoâng soá vaønh baùnh price of a new car, to cover
xe lieàn delivery, numberplates and road
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece fund licence (tax disc): Phí löu
rim) haønh
one-piece wheel n. wheel with a opacimeter n. instrument for
rim constructed in one piece measuring the content of
incorporating a well formation at particulate suspended in a fluid:
or near its centre to enable the Duïng cuï ño ñoä ñuïc cuûa chaát loûng
type beads to be mounted over the open coil or open element glow plug
rim flanges: Baùnh xe lieàn khoái n. = WIRE GLOW PLUG:
(NOTE: opposite is multi-piece Bougie xoâng coù daây sinh nhieät
wheel) ñeå hôû
one-way clutch n. mechanical clutch open-ended spanner n. spanner
which transmits power in one with open jaws: Chìa khoaù mieäng
direction of rotation only; when z opening cam/rocker n. with
torque is not applied, the driven desmodromic engines, the
member rotates freely; used in cam/rocker responsible for
automatic gearboxes and the old opening the inlet or exhaust
freewheel : Ly hôïp moät chieàu valve: Cam/coø hôû
z one-way valve n. = CHECK open-loop n. without feedback from
VALVE: Van moät chieàu e.g. oxygen-sensor control
on-line a. state in which a piece of systems: Chu trình hôû (khoâng
equipment or subsystem is directly kheùp kín).
connected with or incorporated z open-loop catalytic converter
into the main system: Söï noái tröïc = present converter which does
tieáp not use an oxygen-sensor control
z on-line painting = painting of system and thus operates without
components within the actual feedback: Boä xuùc taùc chu trình
painting line: Söï sôn treân daây hôû (khoâng coù caûm bieán oxy)
chuyeàn (NOTE: opposite is computer-
on-the-car balancing n. balancing the controlled catalytic converter)
wheel whilst it is still attached to opera light n. US decorated
the car: Caân baèng baùnh xe khoâng courtesy light mounted on the
thaùo baùnh central pillar: Ñeøn trang trí

237
operating costs
operating costs n. the costs of
running a car: Chi phí vaän haønh
operating piston n. (automatic
gearbox) piston which cause its
respective clutch(es), band or
multi-disc brakes to be applied by
converting fluid pressure into
mechanical force and movement:
Pittoâng trong maïch daàu thuyû löïc
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
opposite lock n. turning the steering
wheel in the opposite direction to
that of the oversteer; i.e. turning
the wheel to the left if the result
of going round a right-hand bend
too fast has caused the rear end of
the car to skid: Söï tröôït ñuoâi xe
khi ñaùnh voøng ngöôïc tay laùi
optical check n. either a (less
thorough) visual inspection or an
examination by means of optical
instruments: Kieåm tra chi tieát
baèng caùc thieát bò quang hoïc.
optimize n. to set at the best
possible value: Toái öu hoaù.
optional equipment n. those parts
and systems of a vehicle which
are not supplied as standard
equipment by the manufacturer,
i.e they are not included in the
price for a given model: Trang
thieát bò choïn theâm
(NOTE: opposite is standard
equipment)
OPUS = OSCILLATING PICK-UP
IGNITION SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa caûm bieán ñieän töø.
orange peel effect n. (paint fault)
uneven formation on a film
surface, similar to that of an
orange skin: Lôùp sôn loãi gioáng beà
maët voû quaû cam
238
O-ring
orbital sander n. flat, cushioned
plate covered with abrasive paper,
rotated with an elliptical motion
by an electric motor and used for
fine sanding work : Duïng cuï maøi
baèng giaáy nhaùm
organic n. of chemical compounds,
based on carbon chains or rings
and containing hydrogen with or
without oxygen, nitrogen, or other
elements: Chaát höõu cô
(NOTE: opposite is inorganic)
orientation n. tendency of plastic
molecules if stretched, to align
themselves in the direction of the
stress: Söï ñònh höôùng cuûa caùc
phaân töû nhöïa khi bò keùo.
original condition n. description of
the condition of a car; the car is in
the state in which it left the
factory; it may be worn but has
neither been resprayed nor
reupholstered nor has extensive
welding been carried out or
modern accessories fitted to
change its standard specifications:
Tình traïng ban ñaàu (cuûa xe).
original equipment (OE) n. part
used in the manufacture of the
vehicle, rather than those added
afterwards: Trang thieát bò goác
(duøng ôû nôi saûn xuaát xe)
O-ring n. annular seal, of round or
rectangular cross section and
almost any diameter; made of
rubber, neoprene, etc. , or of soft
metal, such as copper: Voøng ñeäm
hình O (moät loaïi voøng ñeäm cao
su hình chöõ O ñöôïc gaén ôû raõnh
chung quanh ñaàu truïc vaø trong
voû boïc truïc ñeå laøm kín, khoâng
cho daàu (nhôùt) chaûy ra)
oscilloscope
o/s = OFFSIDE
oscillating pick-up ignition system
(OPUS) n. ignition system where
the contact breaker and cam are
replaced by a timing rotor, a pick-
up module, and an amplifier
module: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa caûm
bieán ñieän töø.
oscilloscope n. electronic
measurement device used to
display waveforms or traces of
signals: Dao ñoäng kyù, maùy hieän
soùng
otg = OUTDOOR or OUTSIDE
TEMPERATURE GAUGE: Duïng
cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi
Otto cycle n. another name for the
four-stroke cycle, name after the
German engine Dr. Nikolaus Otto
(1832-1891) who first patented the
design in 1876: Chu kyø Otto
(Chu kyø 4 thì: huùt, eùp, noå, xaû cuûa
ñoäng cô, do nhaø saùng cheá Dr.
Nikolaus Otto, aùp duïng cho ñoäng
cô ñoát trong)
outboard a. away from the centre
of the vehicle: Xa taâm xe
outdoor or outside temperature
gauge (otg) n. gauge which
indicates the ambient
temperature outside the vehicle:
Duïng cuï ño nhieät ñoä ngoaøi trôøi
z outer dead centre
BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:
Ñieåm cheát döôùi
z outer diameter (OD)
external diameter of a cylinder or
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi
z outer electrode n. (a) =
OUTER TERMINAL: Cöïc ngoaøi
(b) = EARTH ELECTRODE:
Ñieän cöïc bìa
outlet valve
z outer envelope n. (of gas
discharge lamps) bulb which
protects and supports the arc tube;
either filled with gas or evacuated
to avoid oxidation of the arc tube:
Voû boùng cao aùp.
z outer headlight: Ñeøn pha phía
ngoaøi
z outer terminal n. electrode on
the inside of the distributor cap,
one outer terminal being assigned
to each sparking plug; the
distributor rotor distributes the
firing voltage from the central
electrode to the outer terminals:
Ñieän cöïc bìa
(NOTE: opposite is centre
electrode)
z outer tower n. socket on the
distributor cap corresponding to
the outer terminal, one per
cylinder, to connect the sparking
plug leads: Loã treân naép delco ñeå
caém daây phin
z outer wrap n. (catalytic
converter) surrounds the converter
shell, serves as a retainer and
provides mechanical protection
for the insulation: Voû boä xuùc taùc.
air outlet n. (a) (of 4-stroke engine) =
EXHAUST PORT: Cöûa thaûi, oáng
thaûi
see (b) last pipe of an exhaust system;
tailpipe: OÁng boâ
z outlet pipe n. pump discharge
n. pipe: OÁng ra cuû bôm.
z outlet side = that side of the
pump or pumping system on which
the liquid pumped leaves the
pump or system: Beân xaû
(NOTE: opposite is suction side)
z outlet valve n. (a) =
239
outline
EXHAUST VALVE: Suù paùp thaûi
(b) = DISCHARGE VALVE:
Van thoaùt
outline v. to mould plastic material
around something: Phuû nhöïa
out of round a. not circular: Khoâng
troøn
z out of true a. inaccurately
made or incorrectly adjusted, e.g.
of a wheel with side –to-side
deviation or wobble: Laép sai,
chænh sai
z out of tune a. poorly tuned:
Hieäu chænh sai
output speed n. speed of the
transmission output shaft which is
transmitted to the driven wheels
via the final drive; as the final
drive provides a constant gear
ratio, output speed is proportional
to vehicle road speed: Toác ñoä
truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
outrigger n. a short angle or box
section member that runs across
part of the car: Thanh ñôõ, giaù ñôõ
outside caliper n. machinists’
caliper used to check outside
dimensions: Compa ño ngoaøi
z outside spring caliper =
outside caliper with spring for
accurate setting: Compa ño ngoaøi
coù loø xo giöõ
z outside diameter n. the
external diameter of a cylinder or
tube: Ñöôøng kính ngoaøi
oval piston n. special piston
developed by Honda, able to
accommodate eight valves and
two sparking plugs: Pít toâng hình
baàu duïc
overall gear ratio n. ratio of engine
revolutions to road wheel
240
overhead camshaft
revolutions, producing road speed
as a ratio of engine speed
(sometimes expressed as mph per
1000 rpm): Tæ soá truyeàn ñoäng (tæ
soá giöõa toác ñoä ñoäng cô vaø toác ñoä
baùnh xe) toaøn phaàn (toác ñoä ñoäng
cô / toác ñoä baùnh xe)
overdrive n. (a) transmission speed
which can be selected manually
and gives a ratio of less than 1:1,
i.e. the transmission output shaft
turns faster than the transmission
input shaft: Truïc ra hoäp soá quay
nhanh hôn truïc vaøo.
(b) separate transmission installed
in the (rear) drive train giving an
overdrive reduction to direct or
direct and intermediate gears;
usually selected electro-
mechanically by means of a
button or switch located either in
the instrument panel or at the gear
lever: Soá OD
overflow hose/pipe n. pipe to drain
off excess fluid, e.g. between the
radiator and the coolant reserve
tank, or in the float chamber if the
specified fuel level is substantially
exceeded due to a leaking needle
valve: OÁng thoaùt, oáng xaû, oáng
traøn
overhang n. distance between the
outermost front or rear point of a
vehicle and the wheel centres of
the respective axle: Khoaûng caùch
töø taâm baùnh xe ñeán caûn tröôùc
hoaëc caûn sau.
overhaul v. to repair and restore to
(near) original condition: Ñaïi tu
overhead camshaft (OC, OHC) n.
type of camshaft situated over the
valves (rather than in the side of
 overhead valve (OHV) engine
the engine): Truïc cam treân naép
maùy
overhead valve (OHV) engine n.
four-stroke engine with the intake
and exhaust poppet valves located
in the cylinder head and not at the
side of the cylinder as in a side-
valve engine; the valve stems are
either at an angle or parallel and
the valve discs face the piston,
valve actuation pushrod and swing
arm: Ñoäng cô coù suùpap treân naép
maùy
(NOTE: US English is I-head)
overheat v. to make or become too
hot: Laøm quaù nhieät, quaù noùng
overinflated tyre n. tyre which has
too much air in it, causing
premature wear in the tread
centre: Loáp xe bôm quaù ñaày
khoâng khí (caêng)
(NOTE: opposite is underinflated
tyre)
overlap n. = VALVE OVERLAP:
Goùc truøng ñieäp cuûa suù paùp.
overlay n. upper layer of a plain
bearing insert: Lôùp voû ngoaøi cuûa
oå bi.
overload spring n. (chassis) spring
which acts only under heavy load;
prevents bottoming: Loø xo chòu
taûi
overrev v. to run engine above the
maximum recommended rpm:
Chaïy quaù voøng quay toái ña cho
pheùp (ñoäng cô)
overrun (a) n.& v. a vehicle travelling
with no throttle and the engine
acting as a brake is said to be ‘on
the overrun’ or ‘overrunning’: Söï
chaïy theo trôùn
(b) v. (of a towed vehicle) to travel
241
overspray
faster than the towing vehicle: Xe
bò keùo chaïy theo trôùn nhanh hôn
xe keùo
overrun control valve n. valve in a
crossover pipe between the
compressor suction and discharge
sides of some turbocharger
systems: Van kieåm soaùt vöôït toác
cuûa boä taêng aùp.
overrun cut-off/ shut-off n. =
DECELERATION FUEL CUT-
OFF: Söï caét nhieân lieäu khi giaûm
toác
z overrunning clutch n. (a) part
of a starter motor designed to
avoid armature damage caused by
severe overrevving: Ly hôïp tröôït
trong maùy khôûi ñoäng
(b) = ONE-WAY CLUTCH (in
automatic transmission) device
that disengages the engine on
overrun: Boä ly hôïp moät chieàu
trong hoäp soá töï ñoäng.
z overrunning clutch starter n.
= PRE-ENGAGED STARTER:
Maùy khôûi ñoäng vôùi ly hôïp moät
chieàu
oversize piston n. piston with a
diameter slightly larger than that
of the standard piston, used in
order to allow for honing of the
cylinder walls: Pít-toâng cho xy
lanh leân coát.
z oversize valve guides n. valve
guide with a slightly larger outside
diameter than the standard valve
guide, used to repair worn valve
guides after their bores have been
reamed: OÁng keàm suù paùp coù kích
thöôùc lôùn ñeå thay oáng keàm suù
paùp bò moøn.
overspray n. Undesirable spray
 over square engine
residues on adjacent panels and
car parts beyond the resprayed
area (countered by careful
masking): Lôùp sôn lan sang choã
khaùc
over square engine n. Engine where
the bore size is lager than the
stroke: Ñoäng cô coù ñöôøng kính
piston lôùn hôn haønh trình.
oversteer 1 v. (of a vehicle) to turn
more sharply than the driver
intends (possibly causing the rear
of the vehicle to slide wide):
Quay voøng thöøa
2 n. action of oversteering: Söï
quay voøng thöøa
(NOTE: opposite is understeer)
overtake v. To pass another vehicle
going in the same direction: Vöôït
overthin v. To add too much thinner
to paint: Cho quaù nhieàu xaêng
thôm khi pha loaõng sôn.
owner n. Somebody who actually
owns something, i. e. has the title
of property: Chuû nhaân
z owner’s handbook = booklet
provided with a new car which
briefly describes the position and
operation of the various
instrument and switches, as well
as technical specifications and
some maintenance information:
Saùch höôùng daãn ngöôøi söû duïng.
oxalic acid n. Acid used as an
electrolyte for anodising: Axít
oxalic
oxidation n. Chemical reaction
which increases the oxygen
content of a compound or in which
a compound or radical loses
electrons, i.e. In which the
positive valence is increased: Söï
242
oxygen corrosion
oxy hoùa, quaù trình oâxi hoùa
z oxide n. chemical compound of
oxygen with another element:
OÂxit
z oxides of nitrogen =
NITROGEN OXIDES: Oxit nitô
(hoùa hoïc)
z oxidize v. to (cause to)
combine with oxygen: Laøm oâxi
hoùa
z oxidizer or oxidizing agent =
compound which gives up oxygen
easily, removes hydrogen from
another compound, or attracts
electrons: Taùc nhaân oâxi hoùa
z oxidizing catalyst = catalyst
which decreases CO and HC
levels using excess air: Chaát xuùc
taùc ñeå oâxi hoùa CO vaø HC trong
khí thaûi
z oxidizing converter =
converter with a conventional
oxidation catalyst that needs a
secondary air supply to convert
hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide and water; does not
control NOx emissions: Boä hoaù
khöû coù bôm khí
oxyacetylene welding n. = gas
welding: Haøn hôi (oâxi –
axeâtylen)
oxygen (O) n. Gaseous element
essential for life and the
combustion of fuel: Khí oâxi, kyù
hieäu laø O
z oxygenates n. oxygen-
enriched fuels or anti-knock
additives: Phuï gia vaøo nhieân lieäu
ñeå choáng kích noå.
z oxygen corrosion n. electro-
chemical corrosion caused by
neutral or alkaline electrolytes in
oxygen sensor
which, during the cathodic
reaction, oxygen is reduced to
hydroxide: Söï aên moøn do oâxi
oxygen sensor n. sensor which
measures the amount of oxygen
remaining in the exhaust gases:
Caûm bieán oâxi
(NOTE: usually called a lambda
sensor)
oxygen sensor system thermo-switch
n. (fuel injection) usually located
in a coolant hose, provides a
243
ozone
coolant temperature signal to the
ECM: Coâng taéc nhieät ñoä nöôùc
oxyhydrogen gas n. Highly explosive
mixture of oxygen and hydrogen,
generated during charging of lead-
acid batteries: Hoãn hôïp khí oâxi
vaø hydro sinh ra khi naïp aéc quy.
ozone n. Strong oxidizing agent (often
produced by sparking from
electrical apparatus, such as arc
welding equipment); particularly
harmful to tyres.: Khí oâzoân
P paintwork
Pp
P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay soá
P (ñaäu) (hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ toác
ñoä toái ña 150km/h.
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED:
Trôï löïc
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical
recess that accommodates a
number of rings of packing around
the shaft or shaft sleeve: Raõnh ñaët
baïc treân truïc (bôm)
(NOTE: also called stuffing box)
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Maù
phanh.
pad retainer (pin) n. pin which
locates the brake pad in a disc
brake: Choát giöõ maù phanh
(phanh).
pagoda (-style) roof n. unusual roof
design, introduced on the
Mercedes-Benz SL Hardtop,
which was slightly lower in the
centre than at the sides: Mui xe
kieåu thaùp.
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which is
converted to a solid film after
application: Sôn
2 v. In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sôn
z paint booth n. closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phoøng sôn.
244
z paint chip book n. = COLOUR
CHART: Bieåu ñoà maøu (sôn)
z paint colour matching n.
determining the correct paint
shade with the aid of colour charts
and special mixing devices and, in
difficult cases, via spectral
analysis: Söï choïn maøu sôn cho
phuø hôïp khi sôn daëm.
z painting line n. route taken (and
processes undergone) by the
bodywork of a newly
manufactured vehicle on its way
through the paint shop: Daây
chuyeàn sôn
painting robot n. robot used for
paint application: Ngöôøi maùy ñöôïc
duøng cho vieäc sôn.
z paint refinishing n. the
various steps involved in
repainting a secondhand car: Caùc
böôùc khi sôn laïi xe cuõõ.
paint shop n. (a) production stage in
an automobile manufacturing plant
during which the bodywork is
treated with paint: Phaân xöôûng
sôn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop
(i.e. for damaged vehicles):
Phoøng sôn
z paint stripper n. liquid paint
remover: Thieát bò, dung moâi caïo
boû sôn
z paint system n. the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Caùc lôùp
sôn
z paintwork n. overall result of
painting; the paint coating or
PAIR system
finish: Sôn
PAIR system n. = PULSE AIR
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng duøng rung
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khoâng khí
vaøo ñöôøng thaûi
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum
family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4: resembles platinum
and together with other platinum
metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Palañi (hoùa hoïc)
pane n. sheet of a window glass:
Taám kính.
panel n. (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g. door panel: Baûng, taám
(theùp)
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhöïa
z panel beater n. (a) person
who beats out the dented
bodywork of a damaged vehicle
(b) = PANEL HAMMER: Thôï
ñoàng.
z panel beating n. beating out the
dents in damaged bodywork: Goø
thuøng xe.
z panel bonding n. new repair
process using a special adhesive to
glue body panels in place instead
of spot-welding them: Phöông
phaùp môùi söûa thuøng xe baèng
duøng chaát keo ñaët bieät ñeå daùn.
panel cutter n. air-operated tool
used to cut out old panels: Maùy
caét khung cuõ (laøm ñoàng)
z panel flanger n. = JOGGLER:
Maùy gaáp taám.
z panel hammer n. special
hammer for metalworking that has
two differently-shaped heads for
245
panoramic windscreen
different purpose, e.g. cross-peen
and shrinking hammer: Buùa goø
thaân xe
z panelling n. (a) a combination
of separate sheet metal panels to
form a complete assembly, e.g. the
outer panels of the body or even
the panels surrounding the engine:
Toå hôïp khung voû xe.
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhöïa (gaén
tableau)
z panel picking n. straightening
very fine indentations or marks of
very small diameter on a panel
surface with a pick hammer: Goø
tinh
panel puller n. tool with slide
hammer and hook or self-threading
screw tip to pull dented doors,
wings and other sheet metal panels
back into place: Duïng cuïï keùo
khung voû.
(NOTE: US English is knocker)
Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
bar between a beam axle and the
vehicle body as a lateral location
of the axle: Thanh xoaén
Panhard.
z Panhard rod mounting box =
box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giaù
laép thanh xoaén Panhard.
panoramic windscreen n. a
windscreen style popular in the
1950s and’60s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the
door opening: Kính xe nhìn ñöôïc
pantechnicon
bao quaùt.
pantechnicon n. large van or lorry,
especially one for moving
furniture: Xe vaän taûi lôùn ñeå
chuyeân chôû ñoà goã.
parabolic reflector n. old headlight
reflector in the shape of a
parabola, now replaced by
ellipsoidal reflectors: Göông phaûn
xaï ñeøn pha coù daïng paraboân
z parabolic spring n. leaf spring
tapered in the shape of a parabola:
Laù nhíp daïng ñöôøng paraboân
paraffin n. in automotive
applications, used as a solvent for
removing grease: Daàu löûa
(NOTE: US English is kerosene)
parallel 1 a. the same distance apart
at every point: Song song
2 n. two or more electrical
components each receiving the
same voltage: Thieát bò ñieän maéc
song song .
3 v. to connect in parallel: Noái
song song
z parallel action locking pliers
n. locking pliers with parallel
action jaws, e.g. for pinching off
hoses when servicing cooling
systems: Kìm khoùa mieäng song
song.
z parallel circuit n. electric
circuit in which the individual
components are connected
between two points, with one of
the two ends of each component
connected to each point;
arrangement used in the vehicle
electrical system: Maïch ñieän song
song
z parallelism n. (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round:
246
park brake
Söï moøn ñeàu ñóa phanh
z parallel key n. = FEATHER
KEY: Chìa khoùa mieäng
z parallelogram steering
(system) n. steering system with a
drop arm and idler arm: Heä thoáng
laùi hình bình haønh .
z parallelogram suspension n. =
DOUBLE WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
hình bình haønh.
z parallel trailing link
suspension n. front suspension
layout used primarily by
Volkswagen on rear-engined cars:
Heä thoáng treo tröôùc vôùi caùc ñoøn
keùo song song.
parallel twin n. type of engine usually
found on traditional British two-
cylinder motorcycles: loaïi ñoäng cô
hai xy lanh cuûa Anh duøng cho xe
gaén maùy.
parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust
valves with parallel valves stems:
Caùc suù paùp ñaët song song (huùt vaø
thaûi)
parent panel n. the panel left in
place on the car to which a new
panel is welded after all the rusted
metal has been cut out: Phaàn coøn
laïi cuûa khung muïc khi laøm ñoàng.
park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay soá ñaäu.
2 v. to leave a vehicle in a
particular place: Ñoã xe.
z parking brake n. mechanically
operated brake that is independent
of the foot-operated service brakes
parking brake console
on the vehicle; set when the
vehicle is parked, usually by hand
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot
on some American cars: Phanh
(phanh) tay.
z parking brake console =
reinforcing member incorporated
in the centre tunnel area of the
floorpan to provide the mounting
support for the handbrake: Giaù ñôõ
caàn keùo phanh tay.
z parking brake lever = (inside
drum brake) lever which spreads
the brake shoes outward; the long
end is connected to the parking
brake shoe and to a push bar which
acts on the other shoe : Caàn ñaåy
guoác phanh.
z parking brake lever strut =
push bar between the shoes in a
drum brake: Thanh ñaåy guoác
phanh.
z parking brake pedal = foot-
operated pedal for the parking
brake: Baøn ñaïp phanh tay.
z parking disc n. marker
displayed on the inside of a parked
car showing time of arrival (of
latest permitted time of departure):
Baûng thoâng baùo thôøi gian ñoã xe.
parking heater n. air heating system
which operates independently of
the engine: Heä thoáng söôûi noùng
hoaït ñoäng ñoäc laäp vôùi ñoäng cô.
z parking interlock n. =
PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa ôû
tay soá ñaäu
z parking light/ lamp n. energy-
saving vehicle illumination mode
for longterm roadside parking;
includes only one front sidelight
and one taillight; the parking light
247
particulate emission limit
can be switched to illuminate the
LH or RH side: Ñeøn ñoã xe.
z parking lock (PL) n. block gear
and pawl that lock the transmission
mechanically: Cô caáu khoùa ôû tay
soá ñaäu.
z parking lot n. US (ground level,
outdoor) car park: Baõi ñaäu xe.
z parking meter n. coin-operated
timing device that indicates how
long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thieát bò baùo thôøi gian coù
theå ñoã xe.
z parking space n. parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle:
Nôi ñoã z parking ticket n. written
fine for a parking offence: Phieáu
phaït ñoã xe khoâng ñuùng choã.
z park/ neutral safety switch n.
= STARTER INHIBITOR
SWITCH: Coâng taéc an toaøn.
part n. component: Thaønh phaàn,
phaàn, phuï tuøng.
partial flow filter n. = BYPASS
FILTER: Boä loïc maïch reõ.
z partial respray n. respraying
part of the bodywork: Söï sôn laïi
moät phaàn thaân xe.
(NOTE: opposite is full or
complete respray)
particulate catalyst n. pellet
catalyst: chaát xuùc taùc daïng haït.
z particulate emission n.
emission of solid particles of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Haït
muoäi than trong khí thaûi.
z particulate emission limit =
weight of particulate emissions in
the exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Söï
giôùi haïn löôïng haït muoäi
particulate ignition temperature
than trong khí thaûi.
z particulate ignition
temperature n. in diesel
filtration tests, the exhaust gas
temperature at which there is an
equilibrium between particulate
burn-off and deposit build-up:
Nhieät ñoä cuûa khí thaûi giöõa ñieåm
töï laøm saïch vaø ñieåm keát muoäi.
particulate matter (PM) or
particulates n. suspended solids
of carbon and unburnt
hydrocarbons from the exhaust
system: Than ñoùng laïi treân poâ
part-load operation n. operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Söï
hoaït ñoäng vôùi moät phaàn taûi.
part out v. US to break up for spares:
Raõ xe laáy phuï tuøng
part panel n. = PATCH PANEL:
Mieáng ñaép (laøm ñoàng)
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing
available spare parts: Danh muïc
phuï tuøng.
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n.
reference number attributed to
particular part: Maõ soá phuï tuøng
part-throttle operation n. driving
without using full throttle: chaïy
vôùi caùnh böôùm ga môû moät phaàn.
part-time four-wheel drive n.
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Choïn daãn ñoäng boán baùnh
baèng tay.
pas = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi coù trôï
löïc
pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát
pass v. to overtake: Vöôït
248
patch panel
passenger car n. (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by an
IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe du lòch, xe con
z passenger car wheel =
generally one-piece wheels made
of sheet steel (rim and disc are
welded together) or light-alloy
(cast or forged alloy wheels), and
designed for tubeless tyres: Baùnh
xe lieàn khoái.
passenger compartment or
passenger cell n. part of the car
in which the driver and passengers
sit: Khoang haønh khaùch.
z passenger-side air bag n. an
air bag restraint system designed
to protect the front passenger;
introduced on some cars in the
early 1990s, it usually occupies the
space normally provided for a
glove compartment: Tuùi khí daønh
cho haønh khaùch.
passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of
a chemically active metal surface
by electrochemical polarization or
by immersion in a passivating
solution: Laøm thuï ñoäng hoùa, laøm
chaäm phaûn öùng (aên moøn).
passive safety n. features designed
to alleviate the consequences of a
crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
toughened windscreen, etc.: Söï
an toaøn thuï ñoäng.
(NOTE: opposite is active safety)
patching n. repair method for
welding up local corrosion damage
by using smaller panels made up
from sheet metal: Söï ñaép vaù (haøn
thaân xe)
z patch panel n. small sheet
pattern panel
metal panel that is usually made
up specially to repair minor rust
holes: Mieáng vaù, taám raùp noái.
pattern panel n. body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes panels
remanufactured after the spare
parts supplies from the factory
have been discontinued: Taám
thuøng xe töï goø.
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that its
free end can fit into a notch, slot,
or groove at certain times in order
to hold a part stationary (b) catch
at the bottom of a lever which
connects with a toothed rack to
hold the lever in position (e.g. with
a handbrake lever or in ratchets):
Moùc gaøi, con coùc,choát chaën.
payload n. the revenue-earning
cargo of a commercial vehicle or
the weight of the cargo: Troïng
taûi.
pb = POWER BRAKES: Trôï löïc
phanh (phanh).
PC = PITCH CIRCLE,
POLYCARBONATE
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:
Baûng maïch in.
PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER
PCI = PROGRAMME
COMPARISON AND
IDENTIFICATION: Chöông trình
so saùnh vaø nhaän daïng.
PCV = POSITIVE CRANKCASE
VENTILATION: Thoâng khí hoäp
caùc te.
PCV valve = usually located on the
cylinder head cover, this valve
allows a certain amount of
crankcase blow-by gases to be
249
peen hammer
metered into the intake system for
burning: Van thoâng khí hoäp caùc
te.
PE = POLYETHYLENE,
POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
peak power n. point of maximum
torque: Mo ment cöïc ñaïi.
z peak revs n. point of
maximum engine speed: Soá voøng
quay toái ña.
z peaky a. (of an engine) only
able to deliver useful power at
high revs, necessitating frequent
gearchanges: Xe chaïy ôû toác ñoä
quaù cao caàn thieát phaûi chuyeån soá
pedal n. foot-operated lever: Baøn
ñaïp.
z pedal clearance = the distance
between the pedal and the floor,
when the pedal is fully depressed;
reference points may vary:
Khoaûng hôû baøn ñaïp.
zpedal free play = the distance a
pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal
when depressed, caused by a
defective disc or drum (or when
ABS is activated): Söï rung ñoäng
cuûa baøn ñaïp (phanh ABS).
z pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal: Caùc
baøn ñaïp.
z pedal travel = the total stroke
of a pedal: Haønh trình töï do cuûa
baøn ñaïp.
peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow wedge-
shaped end of a hammer head
opposite the flattened striking
face: Ñaàu muõi buùa.
peen hammer = body hammer with
peening
a peen of triangular section with a
fairly sharply shaped end: Buùa ñaàu
tam giaùc.
z peening n. flattening or
shaping with a peen hammer: Söï
goø baèng buùa.
PE headlight n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a z performance characteristics of
polyellipsoidal reflector: ñeøn ñaàu
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình
polyellipsoid
pein n. = PEEN: Ñaàu muõi buùa
pellet-type catalytic converter n.
the first type of automotive
catalytic converter, introduced in
the USA in 1975: Boä xuùc taùc loaïi
haït.
pencil-type glow plug n. =
SHEATHED-TYPE GLOW
PLUG: Bougie xoâng maùy loaïi
oáng.
pendulum impact test n. the standard
test methods are the Izod and
Charpy test; the specimens have a
standard notch machined in them,
and the impact energy absorbed in
breaking the specimen is recorded:
Söï kieåm tra ñoä cöùng baèng con
laéc.
penetrating oil n. thin oil used to
loosen corroded parts: Daàu nôùi
loûng nhöõng phaàn bò aên moøn.
pent crown piston n. piston design
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped
piston crown to improve the flow
of the fuel/ air mixture and to
increase engine compression:
Piston ñaàu vaùt nghieâng.
z pent-roof combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber whose top
is angled like a roof: Buoàng chaùy
kieåu vaùt nghieâng.
250
permanent magnet
performance n. (a) the general way a
car (or any other machine or
material handles: tính naêng xe
(b) specifically, a car’s
acceleration and top speed: Ñaëc
tính gia toác vaø soá voøng quay cöïc
ñaïi.
materials n. specific values for
materials, obtained by standard
test methods and available for the
selection of appropriate materials:
Ñaëc ñieåm, ñaëc tính cuûa vaät lieäu.
z performance handling system
n. typically consists of front and
rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled
gas shock absorbers, special
springs: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån tính
naêng xe.
z performance tuning n. efforts
to improve vehicle performance in
particular, such as upgraded
suspension, higher engine output
and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
measures, such as the addition of
spoilers: Söï ñieàu chænh ñeå caûi
thieän tính naêng xe.
perimeter frame n. type of frame
widely used for American car that
incorporates separate frames; the
side and crossmembers form a
border that surrounds the
passenger compartment: Söôøn xe
daïng uoán troøn.
permanent four-wheel drive n.
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive (with lockable or limited-slip
differentials): Söï daãn ñoäng boán
baùnh thöôøng xuyeân.
z permanent magnet n.
magnetic material such as
hardened steel that has been
personal (ized) numberplate
strongly magnetized and retains its
magnetism indefinitely; used in
electric machines: Nam chaâm
vónh cöûu.
personal (ized) numberplate n.
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by
a vehicle’s owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Baûng soá do chuû
xe choïn soá (ñeïp)
Perspex see POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE: Kính
Perspex deûo.
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture
passes through the crankcase: Söï
boâi trôn baèng xaêng pha nhôùt.
petrol n. liquid blend of
hydrocarbons refined from
petroleum, used as a fuel for SI
engines: xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gasoline or
gas)
z petrol engine = spark ignition
engine, using petrol as a fuel:
Ñoäng cô xaêng
z petroleum n. the crude oil
from which petrol, lubricating oil,
and other such products are
refined: Daàu thoâ
z petroleum jelly = whitish
jelly-like substance obtained from
petroleum, used as a lubricant and
as a protection against corrosion:
Môõ boâi trôn (môõ boø)
z petrol pump n. pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station:
Bôm xaêng ôû traïm baùn xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gas pump)
251
pH value
z petrol station n. filling station:
Traïm xaêng daàu, caây xaêng
(NOTE: US English is gas station)
z petrol tanker n. specially
equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe boàn chôû xaêng
daàu.
PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION:
Phun xaêng ña ñieåm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
CIRCUITRY
Phillips screw n. proprietary type of
cross-head screw: Vít ñaàu raõnh
chöõ thaäp.
z Phillips screwdriver =
proprietary type of cross-head
screwdriver: Tua nô vít ñaàu chöõ
thaäp.
phosphate coating n. conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lôùp aùo (sôn) ngoaøi baèng
phoâtphat.
z phosphate section = section in
a painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Boä phaän
xöû lyù phoâtphat.
z phosphate treatment =
treatment of metals with a
phosphating solution to produce a
phosphate conversion coating on
the surface: Söï xöû lyù photphat.
z phosphating n. =
PHOSPHATE TREATMENT: Söï
xöû lyù photphat.
z phosphating solution = solution
of phosphoric acid, often enriched
with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process for
cleaning and rust prevention:
Dung dòch photphat keõm (choáng
aên moøn)
pH value n. measure of the
pick and finishing hammer
concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution, which shows how acid or
alkaline it is pH: Ñoä pH.
pick and finishing hammer n.
widely used type of body hammer
with a pointed end on one side and
a shallow domed end for finishing
on the other side: Buùa ñaàu nhoïn
vaø ñaàu voøm.
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head for
working away in sharp or tight
corners : Buùa ñaàu nhoïn.
( NOTE: not to be confused with a bullet-
point pick hammer, which has a more
blunt pick, nor with peen hammer)
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal
by immersion, usually in an acidic
or alkaline solution: laøm saïch gæ
baèng caùch nhuùng vaøo dung dòch
acid hoaëc bazô.
z pickling attack = initial
chemical reaction between
phosphating solutions and metal
surface in phosphate treatment:
Phaûn öùng cuûa dung dòch taåy vôùi
beà maët kim loaïi.
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material, as
between bearing and shaft, caused
by friction and heat due to lack of
oil; can lead to seizure: Söï dính 2
beà maët do thieáu boâi trôn.
(b) small truck with an open body
and low sides: Xe taûi nhoû, khoâng
mui, thaønh thaáp.
(NOTE: called a utility or
informally ute in Australia)
z pick-up coil n. coil in which
voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuoän daây caûm
bieán ñieän töø.
252
pilot bearing
z pick-up module = trigger-
activated device which sends a
signal to the ignition unit of an
electronic ignition system: Cuïm
caûm bieán ñieän töø.
z pick-up pipe n. = OIL PICK-
UP (PIPE): OÁng daãn daàu.
z pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Loïc bôm daàu.
z pick-up tool n. tool with a
flexible or rigid shaft and a claw
type pick-up end; used to retrieve
small objects from hard-to-reach
areas: Duïng cuï gaép vaät rôi.
pig iron n. produced in blast furnaces,
pig iron is the raw material for
practically all iron and steel
products; contains about 3-5%
carbon: Gang
pigtail n. = WIRING PIGTAIL: Ñaàu
daây ñieän ngaén nhoâ ra töø thieát bò
ñieän
piling n. the build-up of metal on a
contact breaker point: söï dòch
chuyeån kim loaïi treân maët vít löûa
(NOTE: opposite is pitting)
pill n. jet in the fuel-return line
which establishes the mixture:
Giclô caân baèng hoãn hôïp treân
ñöôøng oáng hoài nhieân lieäu.
pillar n. post between the roof and
the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
Truï ñôõ, truï choáng.
z pillar jack n. = TOWER
JACK: Con ñoäi hình thaùp, con
ñoäi cheát.
z pillar light n. courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar: Ñeøn
truï cöûa.
pilot bearing n. US = SPIGOT
BEARING: OÅ loùt daãn höôùng.
pilot hole
z pilot hole n. hole which acts as
a guide when drilling a larger hole
or for a self-tapping screw: Loã
daãn höôùng.
z pilot jet n. jet in the idling
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor
which measures and a admits fuel:
Giclô caàm chöøng.
z pilot shaft n. dummy shaft
which is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Truïc daãn höôùng.
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a
fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel
pin): Choát, truïc.
pinging n. US = PINKING:Tieáng goõ.
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together;
caused by trapped solvents,
moisture or air released from the
film: Loã nhoû treân lôùp sôn
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which
engages with a rack or larger
wheel and whose diameter is not
much larger than the diameter of
its shaft or axle: Baùnh raêng nhoû
z pinion shaft n. short drive
shaft in the rear axle connecting
the prop shaft to the crown wheel
via the final drive pinion: Truïc
baùnh raêng beân cuûa baùn truïc.
pinking or US pinging n. metallic,
pinging noise caused by
detonation or partial detonation in
the combustion chamber of a
cylinder, usually due to low-
octane fuel or over-advanced
ignition: Tieáng goõ kích noå
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive out
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chæa baåy,
253
piping
xaø beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding caliper:
Boä keïp phanh (phanh) ñóa vôùi
choát tröôït.
pinstriping n. thin, precisely
contoured lines along certain body
features; they may extend along
the whole car and finish off in
elaborate, bouquet-like designs:
Ñöôøng vieàn thaân xe.
z pinstriping tool = painting tool
used to apply thin, precise lines on
the body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
Duïng cuï taïo ñöôøng vieàn.
pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel
fuel injector nozzle with a hold in
the side through which a very
small amount of fuel is sprayed
when the needle valve is partly
opened at low pressure, before the
main hole comes into use: Moät
daïng kim phun diesel
pintle n. (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Caùi choát, truïc keùo xe
z pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Voøi phun
chöùa van kim.
pipework n. system of pipes: Heä
thoáng oáng daãn
pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner
with serrated jaws: Moû leách
raêng.
piping n. (a) system of pipes: Heä
thoáng oáng daãn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels,
piston
i.e. between a bolt-on wing and
the body, to cover up the joint and
to prevent water getting in; with
the piping inserted, only the round
bead along the upper edge of the
piping is visible: OÁng roong
piston n. the reciprocating element
in a reciprocating piston engine:
Piston
piston bore n. diameter of the bore
in the cylinder block in which the
piston moves back and forth
between top dead centre (TDC)
and bottom dead centre (BDC) :
Ñöôøng kính piston.
z piston charging pump n. either
the function of the piston of the
two-stroke engine to pre-compress
the fresh charge induced into the
crankcase, or a separate piston
used in earlier two-stroke engine
designs to provide a supercharging
effect: Bôm naïp kieåu piston.
z piston (-type) compressor n.
compressor in an air-conditioning
system with one or more pistons
arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Maùy
neùn loaïi piston.
piston crown n. the end of the piston
facing the valves: Ñænh piston
piston damper n. small damper piston
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor
which attenuates the movement of
the large air piston in the venturi:
Piston giaûm chaán (cheá hoaø khí).
z piston diaphragm n. flexible
membrane which displaces under
pressure, imparting movement to
the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Maøng truyeàn ñoäng
cho piston (boä cheá hoøa khí
254
piston ring
Stromberg)
z piston engine n. internal
combustion engine in which a
piston is displaced by thermal
expansion of gases; the concept
includes reciprocating engines and
rotary engines, but is usually used
with reference to the common
reciprocating engine: Ñoäng cô
piston.
z piston extension screw n.
stroke limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary
piston stop: Vít chænh haønh trình
piston.
z piston head n. = PISTON
CROWN: Ñænh piston
z piston land n. the raised
portion between two piston ring
grooves: Gôø raõnh xeùc maêng.
z piston lifter n. pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU or
Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Choát kieåm tra löôïng hoãn
hôïp vaø haønh trình cuûa piston
(trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU vaø
Stromberg).
z piston material n. the
materials from which pistons are
made are grey cast or light alloys;
most light alloys consist of an
aluminium-silicon alloy: Vaät lieäu
laøm piston
z piston pin n. US = GUDGEON
PIN: Choát piston
piston ring n. one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston and
the cylinder wall: Xeùc
piston ring clamp
maêng.
piston ring clamp n. special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Duïng cuï eùp xeùc maêng
(khi raùp piston)
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of a
piston ring which mainly occur at
high engine speed and thus can
cause breakage: Söï rung laéc
xecmaêng.
z piston ring groove n. one of
the grooves round the top of a
piston into which a piston ring fits:
Raõnh xecmaêng.
z piston ring groove cleaner =
special automotive tool to remove
carbon and varnishes from piston
grooves before installing piston
rings: Duïng cuï laøm saïch raõnh xeùc
maêng treân piston.
z piston ring stop n. pin pressed
into the ring grooves of a two-
stroke engine in order to prevent
the rings from rotating, which
would allow the open ends to
become jammed in the ports:
Choát xeùc maêng (2 kyø)
piston rocking n. = PISTON SLAP
z piston rod n. (shock absorber)
rod which operates the piston in a
telescopic damper: Thanh ñaåy
piston (oáng nhuùn).
z piston seal n. fluid seal on a
disc brake caliper piston: Voøng
ñeäm kín piston (phanh).
z piston seizure n. sudden
stalling of the engine, caused by
the piston becoming stuck in the
bore; this is often caused by
overheating or lack of lubrication
and often leaves severe score
marks in the cylinders: Söï keït
255
pitch circle (PC)
dính piston (ruùp peâ)
piston skirt n. the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring
belt area; its temperature can
reach 1300C: Thaân piston
z piston slap n. audible noise
caused by excessive piston play,
which allows the piston to tilt in
BDC and TDC (when reversing
the direction of motion): Söï va
ñaäp cuûa piston (khi khe hôû lôùn)
z piston speed n. speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm: Toác
ñoä piston.
z piston spring n. coil spring in
an SU carburettor which
counteracts the upward movement
of the piston: Loø xo piston giaûm
chaán (trong boä cheá hoøa khí SU).
z piston top n. = PISTON
CROWN: Ñænh piston
z piston-valve engine n. two-
stroke engine that relies on the
ports in the cylinder walls to
control admission and exhaust of
the air/ fuel mixture; it is not
equipped with other control
elements such as rotary valves:
Ñoäng cô piston coù caùc (loã) van
treân thaønh xy lanh (2 kyø)
pitch n. (a) axial distance of
adjacent threads measured
between corresponding thread
points; the pitch of single-start
threads equals the lead: Böôùc
ren.
(b) parking space or site for a
trailer, caravan, etc.: Nôi ñoã xe.
pitch circle (PC) n. the
circumference on which the
centres of the wheel bolt holes are
located: Quyõ ñaïo cuûa caùc oác baét
pitch circle diameter (PCD)
baùnh xe.
z pitch circle diameter (PCD) =
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Ñöôøng kính voøng troøn taâm
caùc oác baét baùnh xe.
pitman arm n. US = DROP ARM:
Ñoøn quay.
z pitman shaft = ROCKER
SHAFT: Truïc then ñoøn daãn
höôùng xuyeân qua boä baùnh raêng
tay laùi.
pitot tube n. tube for measuring the
pressure and velocity of a fluid
flow; in some CVTs, used in
conjunction with a valve
arrangement to control ratio
changes: OÁng ño aùp suaát vaø vaän
toác doøng chaûy .
pits n. (a) cavities extending from
the surface into the metal as a
result of pitting corrosion : Hoác,
loõm do gæ.
(b) (at a motor racing circuit)
place where a car stops for
servicing, refuelling, tyre changes,
etc.: Traïm tieáp teá cho xe ñua.
z pitted a. (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Loõm,roã (vít löûa).
pitting n. surface damage to a metal
in the form of pits or holes: Söï laøm
roã, söï laøm loõm (kim loaïi)
(NOTE: in the case of contact
breaker points the opposite is
piling)
z pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Söï aên roã
beà maët.
pivot axis n. = SWIVEL AXIS: Truïc
truï quay ñöùng.
z pivot pin n. = KINGPIN: Truï
quay ñöùng (laùi)
256
planet gear
PL = PARKING LOCK: Cô caáu khoùa
ôû tay soá ñaäu.
plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Baïc thau,
baïc loùt
z plain disc wheel n. wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel
disc: Maâm baùnh xe khoâng loã
planetary gear n. (starter motor) used
in some starters as an intermediate
transmission: Baùnh raêng haønh
tinh.
z planetary (gear) differential
n. planetary gear set used as a
differential with asymmetric
torque distribution, as for 4wd
vehicles: Vi sai söû duïng baùnh
raêng haønh tinh.
z planetary gear set n.
comprises a central externally
toothed sun gear, an internally
toothed outer ring gear, and
several intermediate planet gears
which are evenly spaced and
supported by a planet carrier; they
are in constant mesh with the sun
gear and the internal gear: Boä
baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
z planetary transmission n. US
= EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
z planet carrier n. part which
revolves around the central axis of
a planetary gear set and supports
the planet gears: Voøng mang cuïm
baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
z planet gear n. (automatic
transmission) gear whose axis is
not stationary; it is supported by a
planet carrier and revolves around
the central axis: Baùnh raêng haønh
planet pinion
tinh.
z planet pinion n. = PLANET
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
z planet wheel n. = PLANET
GEAR: Baùnh raêng haønh tinh.
planishing n. final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor
imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process:
Söï goõ boùng.
z planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Buùa cuûa thôï goø
plasma spray process n. process in
which a very high temperature
flame is produced by blowing gas
through an electric arc; metal wire
or powder is melted by passage
through the flame and is projected
on the surface to be coated: Qui
trình haøn hôi.
plastic n. a material that contains as
an essential ingredient one or
more organic polymeric substances
of large molecular weight, is solid
in its manufacture or processing
into finished articles, can be
shaped by flow: Nhöïa, chaát deûo.
z plastic deformation n.
permanent change in the shape or
size of a solid body without
fracture resulting from the
application of sustained stress
beyond the elastic limit: Söï laøm
bieán daïng chaát deûo.
z plastic engine n. an automobile
engine whose bulk is made of
plastic components (e.g. engine
block, inlet manifold, water-pump
housing, valve covers, sump), the
use of metal being limited to parts
subjected to extreme mechanical
or thermal loads (e.g. combustion
257
plate group
chamber, exhaust manifold,
pistons, cylinder liners, valve train,
etc. ): Ñoäng cô baèng chaát deûo.
z plastic filler n. =
POLYESTER FILLER
z plasticize v. to soften a
material to make it plastic or
mouldable by heating, kneading,
or adding a plasticizer: Laøm cho
deûo.
z plasticizer n. an additive that
gives flexibility to an otherwise
rigid plastic: Chaát laøm meàm deûo.
plastics welding n. a uniting of
thermo-plastic, i.e. non-setting
plastics of similar or different type
using heat and pressure and with
or without the addition of plastic of
a similar kind (filler material): Kyõ
thuaät haøn chaát deûo.
plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of
metal: taám kim loaïi moûng
(b) (battery) in each battery cell
are two lead-alloy plates: one of
lead peroxide (positive plate), the
other of spongy lead (negative
plate); separators are placed
between the plates of different
polarity: baûn cöïc aéc quy.
(c) (clutch) = DISC: Ñóa, taám,
baûng.
2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin
layer of another metal by
electrolysis, chemical reaction,
etc.: Maï.
z plate grid n. (battery) = GRID:
Taám coát baûn cöïc (aéc quy)
z plate group n. assembly of
plates of identical polarity
(positive or negative) as used in a
battery cell: Nhoùm taám baûn cöïc.
plate strap
z plate strap n. (battery) the
conducting connection between the
lugs of plates of like polarity and
the cell terminal: Thanh noái caùc
baûn cöïc cuøng daáu
z plate support n. support at the
bottom of a battery case on which
the elements rest; provides space
for the sediment chamber: Gaân ñôõ
baûn cöïc phía ñaùy aéc quy
plating n. (metal) coating: Maï.
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile,
noble metal; atomic number 78,
atomic weight 195.09; melting
point at 17690C; main member of
the so-called platinum metals;
together with other platinum
metals, is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Baïch kim.
z platinum electrode n. (sparking
plug) an electrode made of
platinum lasts longer than one of
nickel alloy as it can better
withstand high temperatures: Ñieän
cöïc baïch kim (bougie)
z platinum metals n. generic
term for a family of noble metals
found with and resembling
platinum; including ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium, and platinum; used as
catalysts in catalytic converters;
less than a tenth of a troy ounce is
required per converter to produce
acres of catalytically active
catalyst surface: Nhöõng kim loaïi
quyù cuøng vôùi baïch kim trong boä
xuùc taùc.
z platinum sparking plug n.
sparking plug with a platinum
centre electrode: Bougie ñieän cöïc
258
plug whiskering
baïch kim
play see FREE PLAY
plenum n. an enclosure than
containing air or gas at a higher
pressure than exists outside:
khoang chöùa ñaày
z plenum chamber n. (a) (of
induction system) usually a large
cast alloy body which connects the
throttle body or inlet tube to the
cylinder head(s) or inlet manifold:
phaàn noái töø böôùm ga ñeán loã huùt
(b) (car body) air compartment
formed between the scuttle and
the bulkhead, providing a basis for
the interior air supply: Loã thoâng
khí salon
pliers n. gripping tool with two
hinged arms and serrated jaws:
Kìm coù raêng
plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals a
hole: Nuùt bòt
(b) male electrical connector:
Phích caém, ñaàu caém ñöïc.
(c) = SPARKING PLUG: Bougie.
2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nuùt
laïi, chaën laïi.
z plug gap n. hole in a tank or
cistern, which can be closed with a
rubber plug: Khe hôû bougie.
z plughole n. = SPARKING
PLUG SPANNER: Tuyùp môû
bougie.
plug welding n. a number of holes
are punched along the edge of the
repair section to be welded in; the
section overlaps the damaged area
to be repaired and is welded to the
base metal at the punched holes:
Vuøng ranh giöõa phaàn hö hoûng
caàn haøn vaø thuøng xe.
plug whiskering n. = GAP BRIDG-
plunger
ING: Muoäi than noái taét ñieän cöïc
plunger n. (a) any immersing type
of piston: Piston daïng chìm
(b) hydraulic tappet component
(e.g. in a valve): Piston con ñoäi
thuûy löïc.
(c) piston in a starter solenoid:
Piston trong rôle caøi khôùp cuûa
maùy khôûi ñoäng
z plunger principle n. a new ABS
control system which offers
improved pressure modulation
with very small amplitudes even at
pressures close to zero: Heä thoáng
phanh ABS môùi vôùi boä ñieàu tieát
aùp suaát caûi tieán.
z plunger pump n. oil pump
consisting of a reciprocating
plunger in a ported chamber: Bôm
nhôùt daïng piston
plunging joint n. US = SLIDING
JOINT: Khôùp noái tröôït.
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of
cord (made from rayon, nylon,
polyester or steel) which forms the
basis of a tyre car-cass: Sôïi boá.
z ply rating (PR) = index of load-
carrying capacity, giving the
maximum permitted load for a
tyre: Phaân loaïi khaû naêng chòu taûi
cuûa voû xe.
PM = PARTICULATE MATTER: haït
z PM trap = diesel particulate
filter: Loïc muoäi than trong diesel
PMMA = POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE
p/n or PN = PART(S) NUMBER
pneumatic suspension n. = AIR
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo khí
z pneumatic trail n. distance
between a vertical line through the
centre of the wheel and the centre
259
pole
of pressure of the tyre contact
patch; most apparent during
cornering: Khoaûng caùch töø taâm
baùnh xe ñeán ñieåm tieáp xuùc maët
ñöôøng.
z pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
filled with air under pressure: Loáp
bôm hôi (NOTE: opposite is solid
tyre)
pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
type caliper for inside and outside
measurement up to about 100 mm
or 4 inch: Compa ño trong vaø ño
ngoaøi loaïi nhoû
pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
behind the steering wheel: Phaàn
khung ñeå gaén tableau sau tay laùi
points n. = CONTACT BREAKER
POINTS: Vít löûa.
z points file = thin, fine-toothed
file for cleaning and smoothing off
the piles on contact breaker: Giuõa
vít löûa
z points gap = gap between the
contact breaker points when fully
open; measured with a feeler
gauge: Khe hôû vít löûa.
poke n. (informal) power or
acceleration: Söï nhaán ga taêng
toác.
polarity n. property of an electric
system that has two points with
different electric potentials: Cöïc
tính.
polarization resistance n. the
transition resistance between the
electrodes and the electrolyte; part
of the internal resistance of a
battery: Ñieän trôû chaát ñieän phaân
(aéc quy).
pole n. either of two points at which
there are opposite electric charges
pole piece
(positive or negative), as at the
terminals of a battery: Ñieän cöïc,
cöïc.
z pole piece n. soft magnetic
core of the inductive winding in a
magnetic pick-up assembly;
stator: Loõi töø cuûa caûm bieán ñieän
töø loaïi nam chaâm ñöùng yeân.
z pole shoe n. in an electrical
machine, such as a starter motor, a
piece of soft iron mounted to the
inside of the housing, surrounded
by the field coils: Maù cöïc cuûa
maùy ñieän ( nôi quaán daây).
polishing barrel n. barrel used for a
polishing process in which the
aluminium surface is smoothed in
the presence of metallic or
ceramic shot by a rotating
movement of the barrel: Tang
ñaùnh boùng.
pollutant n. in the context of
automotive emissions, pollutant
typically refers to hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides: Chaát oâ nhieãm.
polycarbonate (PC) n. a polyester
polymer in which the repeating
structural unit in the chain is of the
carbonate type; used for bumpers,
body and roof panels: Nhöïa PC.
polyellipsoidal headlight (PE head-
light) n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and
polyellipsoidal reflector: Ñeøn ñaàu
vôùi boùng cao aùp vaø choaù hình
polyellipsoid.
polyester filler n. body repair
material for smoothing dents in
body panels; includes a resin base
filler paste and a catalyst which is
added to the base filler and
polyurethane paint
hardens by chemical reaction:
Nhöïa ñeå laøm nhaün thaân xe
(matít)
z polyester powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Boät sôn tónh ñieän
polyethylene (PE) n. a polymer
prepared by the polymerization of
ethylene as the sole monomer;
very resistant to chemical attack:
Nhöïa PE.
polymer n. substance consisting of
molecules characterized by the
repetition of one or more types of
monomeric units: Chaát cao phaân
töû, polyme
z polymer alloy = a mixture of
two or more different compatible
polymers: Hoãn hôïp nhieàu hôïp
chaát cao phaân töû.
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
n.thermoplastic polymer derived
from methylacrylate; transparent
solid with excellent optical
qualities and weather resistance;
typical automotive applications are
the lenses of rear lights: Mica
(NOTE: also called Perspex)
polypropylene (PP) n. an extremely
versatile plastic, available in many
grades and also as a copolymer
(ethylene/ propylene): Nhöïa PP.
z polyurethane (PUR) n.
a thermoplastic material with high
strength, good chemical and
abrasion resistance; used mainly
for foamed reaction injection
mouldings and for adhesives, such
as for flush-bonded body glass:
Nhöïa Poliureâtan.
z polyurethane paint = type of
two-pack paint based on
260
polyurethane powder
polyurethane substances: Sôn
poliureâtan.
z polyurethane powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Boät poâliureâtan.
z poly-V-belt n. drive belt with
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the
toothed belts used as timing belts,
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs
rather than transverse cogs; used
increasingly on new engines
instead of conventional V-belts:
Ñai hình chöõ V.
z polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n.
bolt plasticized and unplasticized
PVC types are marked by good
weathering resistance, and good
surface properties; they are self-
extinguishing: Nhöïa PVC.
poor opacity n. paint fault in which
the colour of underlying coats or
fillers remains visible through the
topcoat; may be caused by
insufficient paint thickness,
overthinning, etc.: Söï môø ñuïc cuûa
lôùp sôn (thaáy lôùp sôn loùt)
poppet valve n. valve which pops
open and shut in a reciprocating
motion; consists of a valve stem
and disc; the typical valve type
used in engine cylinder heads: Suù
paùp
(NOTE: also called mushroom
valve due to its shape)
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet
which initially has a hard steel pin
passing through it; when the pop
rivet is fitted with a pop rivet gun,
the head of the pin expands the
inner end of the tubular rivet,
closing it; the head of the pin then
snaps off; used when a joint can be
261
port vacuum advance (PVA)
accessed from one side only: Choát
riveâ baám baèng suùng.
pop-up headlights n. =
CONCEALED HEADLIGHTS:
Ñeøn pha xeáp.
porcelain enamel n. US =
VITREOUS ENAMEL: Men thuûy
tinh.
pore n. small opening in a surface:
Loã nhoû treân beà maët.
z porosity n. state or condition
of being porous: Traïng thaùi xoáp.
z porous a. permeable to air or
fluids: Xoáp (khoâng khí hay chaát
loûng thaám qua ñöôïc).
Porsche-type synchromesh n.
sophisticated synchromesh
technology depending on the
frictional forces by a spreading
synchronizer ring: Boä ñoàng toác
Porsche
port n. generally, any opening
through which air or fluid passes;
specifically, the opening in the
cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
the precision-made hole (jet) in the
wall of a carburettor barrel: Loã
thoâng, cöûa (ñeå khoâng khí hoaëc
chaát loûng ñi qua).
port area n. used to indicate the
cross-section area of the port of a
two-stroke engine; this value is
one of the factors determining the
gas flow and the power of a two-
stroke engine: Maët caét loã thoâng
(ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
z port vacuum advance (PVA) n.
a series of restriction devices
between the distributor advance
unit and the carburettor advance
port to ensure that there is no
vacuum advance during idle, but
port vacuum advance
increasing ignition advance as the
throttle opens: Ñaùnh löûa sôùm aùp
thaáp nhôø loã treân boä cheá hoaø khí.
z port fuel injection (PFI) n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun xaêng ña ñieåm
positive camber: Goùc camber döông.
z positive castor n. when an
imaginary line extended through
the steering axis cuts the wheel
axis through the wheel centre:
Goùc castor döông
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)
n. introduced in 1963, PCV serves
to reduce emissions by recycling
crankcase fumes and blow-by
gases: Heä thoáng thoâng hôi cacte
z positive electrode n. (battery)
= POSITIVE PLATE: Ñieän cöïc
döông (aéc quy)
z positive terminal n. red battery
terminal with a plus symbol
indicating positive polarity: Cöïc
döông
post n. (a) pillar between the roof
and the waistline; from front to
rear, there are A-, B-, C- , and D-
posts: Truï ñôõ.
(b) = BATTERY POST: Coïc
bình aéc quy.
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating
after the engine is started to
prevent blue smoke and misfiring
during the warm-up phase: Xoâng
sau khôûi ñoäng
z post-ignition n. ignition of the
air-fuel mixture after the electrical
ignition point: Söï baét löûa cuûa hoãn
hôïp sau khi coù tia löûa
pot n. (a) = CYLINDER: Xy lanh
(b) = DASHPOT: Caùi giaûm chaán
laøm caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng töø töø.
262
power-assisted steering
pothole n. deep hole in the surface
of a road: OÅ gaø treân maët ñöôøng.
pot joint n. universal joint in which the
rollers or balls can move freely in
an internally grooved cylinder:
Khôùp noái coù bi troøn hoaëc bi ñuõa
dòch chuyeån töï do.
pour point n. the lowest
temperature at which an oil can be
poured: Nhieät ñoä thaáp nhaát maø
daàu coù theå chaûy (roùt)
powder slush moulding n.
processing technique applied to
produce PVC skins: Kyõ thuaät taïo
lôùp voû nhöïa treân chi tieát.
power 1 n. the rate at which energy
is converted into work: Coâng
suaát.
2 v. to provide power to: Caáp
coâng suaát, trôï löïc.
power-assisted brakes n. braking
system which uses a vacuum brake
booster (servo) to reduce the
pressure on the brake pedal: Heä
thoáng phanh (phanh) coù trôï löïc
z power-assisted steering (pas)
n. steering system in which a
hydraulic pump powered by the
engine helps the driver to turn the
steering wheel: Heä thoáng laùi coù
trôï löïc.
power brakes (pb) n. braking
system that uses hydraulic or
vacuum or atmospheric pressure to
provide most of the force required
for braking: Phanh coù trôï löïc
power closing n. = AUTOMATIC
CLOSING SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
ñoùng cöûa töï ñoäng.
z power cut-off (switch) n. =
BATTERY MASTER SWITCH:
Coâng taéc ngaét mass aéc quy
power brakes
z power distribution n. specific
drive torque distribution between
front and rear axles in a 4WD
system: Söï phaân phoái coâng suaát
(truyeàn ñoäng 4 baùnh)
z power hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by an
electric motor: Mui xeáp (xe mui
traàn) ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän.
(NOTE: US English is electric
top)
z power seat n. seat whose
back, height, thigh and lumbar
support, etc. can be electrically
adjusted: Gheá ñieàu chænh baèng
ñieän.
z powershift transmission n. US
transmission which can be used
without declutching or
decelerating: Hoäp soá sang soá
khoâng caàn ñaïp ly hôïp hoaëc giaûm
toác.
z power steering (ps) n. (a)
completely hydraulic or
pneumatic steering system,
allowing the driver little or no
‘feel’ for the road; not used for
road-going passenger vehicles (b)
(informal) = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Trôï löïc laùi
z power steering pump = pump
which supplies hydraulic pressure
for the power steering system:
Bôm trôï löïc laùi
power stroke n. downstroke of a
piston, the third stroke in a four-
stroke cycle: Haønh trình sinh
coâng, thì noå
power take-off (PTO) n. using the
crankshaft or gearbox to drive
ancillary equipment, such as a
pump or generator: Boä truyeàn löïc
263
264 prechamber
cho caùc thieát bò phuï qua puly
truïc khuyûu.
z power train n. = DRIVE
TRAIN: Heä thoáng ñoäng löïc (bao
goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá).
z power valve n. valve in the
enrichment unit, used in some
carburettors to provide a richer
mixture for extra power under
certain conditions; in a typical
design, the power valve is a
vacuum-controlled ball-type check
valve: Van laøm ñaäm ñeå taêng coâng
suaát.
z power window (pw) n. US =
ELECTRIC WINDOW: Cöûa kính
xe ñieàu khieån baèng ñieän
z power window lock-out
switch = switch that renders
inoperable all electric window
controls on the individual windows,
except for the master controls on
the driver’s door: Coâng taét khoùa
caùc cöûa ñieän.
PP = POLYPROPYLENE: Nhöïa PP.
z PPO = POLYPHENYLENE
OXIDE
PR = PLY RATING
prechamber n. (of indirect
injectiondiesel engines) small
upper chamber in the cylinder
head, connected to the main
combustion chamber by a narrow
passage; fuel is injected into the
prechamber (also called swirl
chamber) where it is ignited before
spreading to the main chamber:
Buoàng ñoát phuï, buoàng ñoát tröôùc
pre-combustion engine n. US =
INDIRECT INJECTION ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô diesel phun giaùn tieáp (coù
buoàng ñoát tröôùc)
pre-compress
pre-compress v. to compress the
fuel/ air/ oil mixture first: Neùn
tröôùc.
z pre-compression chamber n.
chamber below the piston in a two-
stroke engine in which the
fuel/air/oil mixture is initially
compressed in order to enable
more fresh charge to be fed into
the cylinder: Buoàng neùn phuï (2
kyø)
pre-converter vehicle n. a car built
prior to the enforcement of
emission control standards
requiring a catalytic converter to
be fitted to every new car: Xe
chöa laép boä xuùc taùc
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a
combination of Bendix and pre-
engaged starter drives: Maùy khôûi
ñoäng vôùi baùnh raêng Bendix vaø
khôùp gaøi tröôùc.
z pre-engaged starter n. starter
motor in which the solenoid-
operated pinion engages with a
flywheel ring gear before the full
electric current flows; an
overrunning clutch enables the
pinion to freewheel before
disengaging, once the engine has
fired: Maùy khôûi ñoäng gaøi khôùp
tröôùc (khi doøng ñieän qua ñeà)
preheater system n. cold starting aid
for diesel engines, consisting of
glow plugs, a glow-control unit,
and a glow plug and starter switch,
for preheating the combustion
chamber or the intake air up to
auto-ignition temperature: Heä
thoáng xoâng tröôùc (Diesel).
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel
mixture prior to the electrical
264
pressing plant
ignition point: Söï chaùy sôùm.
prelubricator n. lubrication system
consisting mainly of an
electronically controlled pump that
circulates pressurized engine oil to
an engine’s vital parts for about six
seconds when ignition is switched
on prior to starting of the engine;
reduces friction during cold starts
and prolongs engine life: Söï boâi
trôn tröôùc khi khôûi ñoäng.
prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
material already impregnated with
a synthetic resin: Söï gia coá vaät
lieäu.
preselector gearbox n. conventional
gearbox with a semi-automatic
change mechanism in which a gear
is selected before the change is
initiated, the change being made
by depressing the clutch or
auxiliary pedal: Hoäp soá baùn töï
ñoäng (gaøi soá tröôùc khi soá ñöôïc
sang)
preset station button n. button
for tuning a radio automatically to
a preset frequency, i. e. one radio
station can be allocated to each
button: Nuùt nhôù ñaøi töï ñoäng
(radio)
z pressed panel n. panel
produced with special press tools
and dies, as opposed to a hand-
made panel: Khung daäp.
z press fit n. condition of contact
between two parts that requires
pressure to force the parts
together: Söï laép raùp baèng aùp
suaát.
z pressing plant n. plant
specializing in the manufacture of
car bodies: Maùy daäp khung oâ toâ.
pressure accumulator
pressure accumulator n. (usually)
spherical pressure tank of about 10
mm diameter in an hydraulic brake
booster: Boä tích aùp.
pressure differential switch n.
hydraulic pressure-operated switch
(often included in a combination
valve) which activates the ‘brake
failure’ warning light when one of
the brake circuits (in a dual-circuit
system) fails due to a system leak
and associated pressure drop:
Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån ñeøn baùo
maát phanh.
z pressure-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a separate
paint container (pressure-feed
tank); it is used mostly for spraying
highly viscous materials such as
spray putty: Suùng sôn baèng aùp
suaát (bình chöùa sôn ñaët rôøi)
pressure limiting valve or US
proportioning valve n. (a) any
valve which limits pressure in a
system, e. g. in a hydraulic circuit,
in automatic transmissions, in
pneumatic suspension systems, etc.
(b) specifically, the valve used in
the rear brake line of some cars
with front disc and rear drum
brakes: Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát.
pressure lubrication n. (a) (of 4-
stroke engines) = FORCED-FEED
LUBRICATION (b) (of 2-stroke
engines) lubrication system with
crankcase scavenging: Boâi trôn
cöôõng böùc
pressure plate n. (a) (brakes) the
plate carrying pad in a disc brake:
Boá phanh (phanh) (trong phanh
(phanh) ñóa).
(NOTE: also called backplate)
265
pressure wave supercharger
(b) (transmission) the part of the
clutch assembly which is pressed
against the clutch plate by the
clutch springs to transmit the drive:
Ñóa eùp trong ly hôïp.
z pressure regulating valve n.
(a) any valve which maintains
pressure at or under a certain
pressure; specifically the pressure
relief valve of the oil pump (b) in
a continuous injection system, part
of the fuel distributor, consisting
basically of a spring-loaded steel
diaphragm which serves to keep
the pressure drop across the
metering ports at a constant 0.1
bar: Van ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
z pressure regulator n. regulator
which governs the pressure of the
fuel delivered to the injectors by
the fuel pump: Boä ñieàu aùp
z pressure regulator valve n.
releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
exceeds a preset value: Van boä
ñieàu aùp
z pressure relief valve n. valve
which opens at maximum safe
pressure and closes again
uponreturn to normal operating
conditions; its main task is to
prevent the internal pressure of a
component or a system from
exceeding a certain set point: Van
giaûm aùp (an toaøn)
z pressure wave n. pulsations of
oscillations in the induction and
exhaust systems caused by the
opening and closing of the valves:
Soùng aùp suaát trong oáng poâ
z pressure wave supercharger =
COMPREX PRESSURE WAVE
SUPERCHARGER: Bôm taêng aùp
pressurized
loaïi soùng aùp suaát.
z pressurized a. working under
pressure: Laøm vieäc döôùi aùp suaát
primary battery n. non-rechargeable
battery consisting of one or more
primary cells, used e.g. in portable
radio receivers: Pin thöôøng
(khoâng naïp ñöôïc).
(NOTE: opposite is secondary/
storage battery)
z primary (catalytic) converter
n. small converter positioned close
to the engine which quickly actives
the necessary operating
temperature to reduce exhaust
emissions during the warm-up
period: Boä xuùc taùc sô caáp.
z primary cell n. electric cell
that converts chemical energy into
electrical energy in an irreversible
process; unlike a secondary cell, it
cannot be recharged: Pin khoâng
saïc ñöôïc
primary chain n. the chain of a
primary drive: Xích truyeàn ñoäng
chính.
primary circuit n. circuit which
comprises the battery, the ignition
switch, if ballasted the ballast
resistor, the primary winding of the
ignition coil, and if breaker-
triggered the contact breaker
points: Maïch sô caáp (ñaùnh löûa)
z primary compression ratio n.
degree of compression achieved in
the crankcase area below the
piston of a two-stroke engine when
the piston moves down and
compresses the mixture supplied
into the crankcase: Tyû soá neùn
chính (2 kyø)
z primary key n. key which
266
primary V-pulley
operates all the locks of the car:
Khoùa cöûa trung taâm
z primary magnetic field n.
magnetic field of the primary
winding: Töø tröôøng cuûa cuoän daây
sô caáp
z primary pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of the primary
circuit: Daïng xung dao ñoäng cuûa
maïch sô caáp.
z primary piston n. main piston
in a tandem master cylinder:
Piston chính (phanh)
z primary pump n. engine-driven
oil pump feeding pressurized oil to
the transmission and hydraulic
control system: Bôm chính tuyeàn
ñoäng töø ñoäng cô caáp nhôùt cho
hoäp soá vaø caùc heä thoáng thuyû löïc
khaùc.
z primary seal n. primary piston
seal in a tandem master cylinder:
Voøng ñeäm kín cuûa piston sô caáp
trong xy lanh caùi (phanh).
z primary shaft n. = CLUTCH
SHAFT: Truïc sô caáp
z primary shoe n. US =
LEADING SHOE: Maù phanh
chính
z primary structure component
n. any structural component
which, if it collapsed, could make
the car uncontrollable or would
seriously reduce occupant safety in
a crash: Thaønh phaàn ñoùng vai troø
an toaøn khi ñuïng trong caáu truùc
chính cuûa khung xe.
z primary valve n. valve which
controls the primary V-pulley: Van
ñieàu khieån puli sô caáp chöõ V
z primary V-pulley n. (CVT)
pulley which is driven by the via a
primary winding
clutch; one of its halves can be slid
hydraulically, thus varying the
diameter of the steel thrust belt
track and changing the
transmission ratio: Puli chöõ V daãn
ñoäng thoâng qua ly hôïp laøm thay
ñoåi ñöôøng kính ñeå thay ñoåi tyû soá
truyeàn.
z primary winding n. outer
winding of the ignition coil;
typically 200 turns of relatively
strong wire: Cuoän daây sô caáp
(NOTE: opposite is secondary
winding)
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phuû
sôn loùt
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump)
with the necessary fluid before
starting, in order to improve its
sealing qualities: Moài bôm
(c) to put fuel in the float
chamber of a carburettor to ease
the starting of an engine: Moài
xaêng (nhieân lieäu).
z primer n. first coat of paint
applied to a bare surface; designed
to provide a foundation for the
subsequent coats and to ensure rust
protection: Lôùp sôn loùt.
z primer bath = bath containing
the primer: Boàn chöùa sôn loùt.
z primer filler = special primer
used to cover fine cracks: Lôùp sôn
treùt kín veát nöùt.
z primer oven = painting line
oven used to dry the coats of
primer: Phoøng saáy sôn loùt.
z primer surfacer = material for
the resilient coating underneath
the top paint coat which provides
corrosion protection, protects the
paint system from chipping caused
267
production line
by gravel, provides a smooth
surface for the top paint coat, and
serves as an adhesion promoter:
Lôùp sôn loùt.
printed circuit board (pcb) n. thin
plastic insulating board on one or
both sides of which the
components and connections of an
electronic circuit are formed by
etching in a metallic coating or
electrodeposition: Baûng maïch in
prise off v. to lever off: baåy ra, caïy
ra.
PRNDL = letters denoting the
positions on the gear selector of an
automatic gearbox, standing for:
Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive,
Low: P = Park, R = Reverse, N =
Neutral, D = Drive, L = Low: Chöõ
caùi kyù hieäu cuûa caùc tay soá ôû hoäp
soá töï ñoäng.
(NOTE: Low may be divided into:
3, 2, 1)
probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
long and thin to gain access to
narrow cavities: Caùi que ño.
Procon-ten n. safety system
developed by Audi which makes
use of the relative displacement of
the engine during a frontal
collision; steel cables pull the
steering wheel away from the
driver and increase the seat belt
tension : heä thoáng an toaøn xe
Audi.
production car or model n. car
manufactured by a mass-
production process: xe saûn xuaát
ñaïi traø
z production line = system in
which the parts of an end product
are transported by a conveyor past
profile
a number of sites where the parts
are modified without stopping the
conveyor: Daây chuyeàn saûn xuaát.
z profile n. (a) side view, shape
or outline of an object: Bieân daïng
(b) cross-section of a tyre: maët
caét voû xe
z profile depth = TREAD
DEPTH: Chieàu cao gai voû xe.
programme comparison and
identification (PCI) n. (radio)
system that identifies a programme
(station) and compares
programmes so as to find the
station which offers the strongest
signal: So saùnh vaø nhaän daïng tín
hieäu soùng radio.
progressive carburettor n. = mixed-flow ones: Caùnh bôm
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Boä cheá hoøa khí vôùi caùnh böôùm
gioù keùp.
z progressive transmission n.
transmission in which it is
necessary to pass through the gear
ratios in a definite order; usage
today confined almost exclusively
to motorcycles: Hoäp soá soá tôùi (xe
gaén maùy)
projected core/ insulator nose n.
insulator tip that extends beyond
the end of the sparking plug shell:
Ñaàu söù caùch ñieän bougie.
z projected spark position n.
amount the sparking plug gap
projects into the combustion
chamber: 1mm for the slightly
projected spark position in older
engines and 3 mm for the normally
projected spark position in modern
engines: Vò trí nhoâ ra cuûa ñaàu
bougie (trong buoàng ñoát).
projection welding n. resistance
268
prop up
welding method: Phöông phaùp
haøn baám.
promoter n. substance embedded in
the washcoat on catalyst substrates
that serves to enhance catalytic
efficiency: chaát hoaït hoùa (hoùa
hoïc) trong boä xuùc taùc
propane n. colourless, flammable
gas used for cooking, heating and
as a fuel: Proâpan (khí khoâng
maøu, khí deã chaùy, duøng laøm
nhieân lieäu)
propeller (pump) n. impeller of a
propeller pump, characterized by a
small number of blades of double
curvature; propellers are generally
axial-flow impellers, seldom
z propeller shaft n. generally
applicable to the long, jointed shaft
between the power unit and
differential, usually mounted
longitudinally from front to rear on
front-engine RWD vehicles: Truïc
truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
(NOTE: US English is drive shaft)
proportional load synchromesh n.
= LOCKING SYNCHROMESH:
Boä ñoàng toác coù khoùa
z proportioning valve n. US =
PRESSURE LIMITING VALVE:
Van giôùi haïn aùp suaát
prop shaft n. (informal)
=PROPELLER SHAFT: Truïc
truyeàn ñoäng (truïc laùp)
propulsive power n. the force with
which a vehicle moves; the pulling
force; depends not only on engine
power and torque, but also on the
amount of friction between driving
wheels and road surface: Löïc ñaåy
prop up v. to fix the bonnet in the
protective coat(ing)
open position using the bonnet
support stay: Choáng ñôõ, ñôõ leân
(naép ca-poâ )
protective coat(ing) n. layer or
layers applied to a surface to
provide corrosion protection: Lôùp
sôn baûo veä.
z protector washer n. filter disc
between the primary piston and
primary seal which supports and
protects the primary seal when the
brake system is under pressure:
Voøng ñeäm baûo veä (phanh)
prototype n. a first full-scale and
usually functional form of a new
type or design of a vehicle:
Nguyeân maãu, maãu ñaàu tieân cuûa
xe
ps = POWER STEERING: Heä thoáng
laùi coù trôï löïc .
psi (short for) pound-force per
square inch, a measurement of
pressure: Ñôn vò ño aùp suaát
PTFE = POLYTETRAFLUORO-
ETHYLENE
PTO = POWER TAKE-OFF
puckering n. (paint fault) =
WRINKLING: Söï nhaên, neáp
nhaên cuûa lôùp sôn
puddle lamp n. lamp in the bottom
of a luxury car door which
illuminates the area into which a
passenger is going to step when
the door is opened: Ñeøn saøn xe
(taïi cöûa xe).
z puddle welding n. = PLUG
WELDING
pull v. (vehicle) to deviate towards
the side: Keùo, loâi.
pull away v. to drive away from a
standing start: chuyeån baùnh.
puller n. special automotive tool used
269
pull-type clutch
to remove gears, bearings, pulleys,
wheels and other parts from shafts
by a pulling action: Caùi caûo
pulley n. wheel with a grooved rim
to carry a belt, chain or rope: Puli,
roøng roïc
pull in v. to drive to the side of the
road or into a lay-by, etc. (and
stop): Gheù vaøo, taáp vaøo leà.
pulling beam n. hydraulic ram
attached securely to the vehicle at
strong points; pulling force is then
applied to the pulling beam to pull
the frame or sheet metal back into
place: Maùy keùo khung xe (bò
ñuïng).
z pulling post = post bolted to the
shop floor or fixed in a concrete
foundation which forms the
anchorage for the chain and
hydraulic jack assemblies to
straighten misaligned bodies: Coät
truï ñeå neo daây xích vaø ñoäi thuyû
löïc khi naén khung.
pull-in winding n. winding as used in
a starter solenoid that does the
heavy pull-in work : Cuoän huùt
(maùy khôûi ñoäng).
pull out v. (a) to drive away from
the side of a road: Phoùng ra (töø leà
ñöôøng)
(b) to drive out from behind a
vehicle in front in order to
overtake: Vöôït qua maët.
z pull-out door handle n. door
handle which is pulled away from
the door skin to open the door from
the outside: Tay naém môû cöûa beân
ngoaøi.
pull over v. to drive to the side of
the road (and stop): Gheù vaøo leà.
pull-type clutch n. clutch in which
pull up
the clutch release bearing is pulled
away from the flywheel when the
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi
baïc ñaïn keùo.
pull up v. to stop: Döøng laïi.
pulse air principle n. in air
induction system the method of
introducing secondary air into the
exhaust system by means of
aspirator valves actuated by the
pressure pulses of the exhaust gas
stream: Nguyeân taéc duøng dao
ñoäng khí thaûi ñeå naïp khí vaøo oáng
thaûi
z pulse former or shaper n.
circuit for changing the waveform
of a signal: Maïch thay ñoåi daïng
xung.
z pulse generator n. = PICK-
UP MODULE: Maùy phaùt xung,
caûm bieán ñieän töø.
pump 1 n. machine that transforms
mechanical energy generated by a
prime mover into the energy of a
moving fluid: Maùy bôm
2 v. to add kinetic and potential
energy to a liquid for the purpose
of moving it from one point to
another: Bôm
pump-fed lubrication n. = FORCED-
FEED LUBRICATION: Boâi trôn
baèng bôm, boâi trôn cöôõng böùc
z pumping chamber n. =
PRECOMPRESSION CHAMBER:
Buoàng bôm
z pump power output n. the
energy transferred by a pump to
the liquid pumped: Coâng suaát
phaùt ra cuûa bôm
z pump rotor n. a centrifugal
pump assembly consisting of the
pump shaft, impeller and further
270
pushrod measuring tool
rotating components, such as
rotating bearing and shaft sealing
parts: roâto cuûa bôm ly taâm
z pump shaft n. shaft which
transmits the driver torque to the
impeller(s) of centrifugal pumps or
to the displacement element(s) of
rotary pumps: Truïc bôm
punch n. tool for making holes or
driving out bolts, rivets and pins:
Caùi ñoät loã, caùi ñuïc
puncture n. hole in a tyre made by a
sharp object and causing loss of air
pressure: loã thuûng loáp xe
punt chassis n. = BACK CHASSIS:
Khung xe phía sau.
PUR = POLYURETHANE: Loaïi
nhöïa toång hôïp duøng cheá taïo sôn
purge v. to get rid of impurities:
Loïc, laøm trong saïch.
push bar n. bar between the shoes in
a drum brake: Caøng ñaåy choáng
phanh
z pushrod n. (a) steel or
aluminium rod linking the tappet to
the rocker arm in overhead valve
(OHV) engines: Ñuõa ñaåy coø suù
paùp
(b) rod which actuates the primary
piston in a master cylinder or
power brake: Caàn ñaåy (xylanh
caùi).
z pushrod engine = OVERHEAD
VALVE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù suù
paùp treân naép maùy.
z pushrod measuring tool = tool
which measures the length of
pushrod needed in an engine; a
pushrod of proper length is vital to
keep the rocker in the centre of the
valve, minimize the risk of
breakage and extend the valve
push start pw

guide life: Duïng cuï ño ñuõa ñaåy coø z PVC seam sealing = the sealing
suù paùp . of seams with PVC sealant to
z push start n. = BUMP START: prevent the penetration of
Khôûi ñoäng baèng trôùn xe. corrosive agents: Söï laøm kín
z push-type clutch n. nhöõng ñöôøng noái baèng nhöïa
conventional clutch in which the PVC.
clutch release bearing is pushed z PVC tape = INSULATING
towards the flywheel when the TAPE: Baêng keo caùch ñieän
clutch is disengaged: Ly hôïp loaïi z PVC underbody treatment =
baïc ñaïn ñaåy treatment of the under of a vehicle
putty n. special paste used for to protect it from chipping due to
repairing minor panel gravel or stones and corrosive
imperfections, e.g. chips or agents: Phöông phaùp baûo veä saøn
scratches on the filled surface; it is xe baèng nhöïa PVC.
used after normal filling and gives z PVC underseal (coating) =
an extremely smooth surface: Keo protective PVC coating applied to
treùt. the underbody of a vehicle: Lôùp
z putty knife = tool for scraping sôn loùt döôùi saøn baèng nhöïa PVC.
off dirt, carbon, and paint or for pw = POWER WINDOW(S): Kính
applying putty: Dao caïo keo, sôn, ñieän.
buøn.
PVA = PORTED VACUUM
ADVANCE
PVC = POLYVINYL CHLORIDE:
Nhöïa PVC

271
Q quill shaft
Q letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (160 km/h or
100 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña 160 km/h
QTS = QUARTZ TUNING SYSTEM:
Heä thoáng doø ñaøi töï ñoäng trong
radio
quad-cam engine n. engine with four
camshafts: Ñoäng cô 4 truïc cam
quadrant n. (a) (transmission) guide
which indicates the position of the
gear selector of an automatic
gearbox: Baûng baùo vò trí caøi soá
(b) (steering) the V-shaped
toothed section of a worm-and-
section steering box: phaàn raêng
daïng chöõ V cuûa baùnh vít trong
hoäp laùi
quarter bumper n. type of shortened
bumper designed to give a car a
sporting image: Thanh caûn ngaén
gaén theâm ñeå xe coù daùng theå thao
quarter-elliptic leaf spring
cantilevered half of a semi-elliptic
leaf spring, rigidly attached to a
vehicle at its major section and
carrying the axle at its end
section: Laù nhíp daïng moät phaàn
tö elip
quarter panel n. rear section of the
body shell which incorporates the
rear wing and usually also the C-
pillar: Truï ñôõ khung cöûa phía
sau
quartz-halogen bulb n. high intensity
headlight bulb with a trace of a
halogen gas (such as iodine) in a
Qq
quartz envelope: Boùng ñeøn thaïch
anh - halogen
z quartz tuning system (QTS) n.
quartz- controlled tuning system
with digital tuning and frequency
display; uses micro-processor-
controlled PLL circuitry: Heä doø
ñaøi töï ñoäng trong radio
quattro (Italian for) four; indicates
that a car has four-wheel drive:
Xe 2 caàu chuû ñoäng (YÙ)
quench v. (spark) to damp or
suppress: Taét, nguoäi, trui
z quench zones n. those parts within
the combustion chamber of an
engine where the temperature of
the A/F mixture is lower than
necessary for optimum
combustion, due to contact with
the relatively cold metal surface;
incomplete combustion in the
quench zones is one of the two
major factors contributing to HC
n. and CO concentrations in the
exhaust gas: Vuøng laïnh trong
buoàng chaùy
quick take-up valve n. residual
pressure valve with relief hole in
a brake master cylinder: Van caét
aùp suaát dö (phanh)
quill shaft n. hollow shaft: Truïc
roãng
272
R radial tyre
Rr
R (a) = REVERSE : Tay soá luøi R
(b) letter on a fuel gauge
indicating low fuel; when first
illuminated it indicates that there
is approximately five litres left in
reserve: Kyù töï treân ñoàng hoà ño
nhieân lieäu chæ möïc nhieân lieäu
thaáp
(c) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (170 km/h or
105 mph): Kyù töï treân caïnh voû xe
chæ toác ñoä toái ña 170 km/h
RAC = ROYAL AUTOMOBILE
CLUB: Caâu laïc boä xe oâtoâ hoaøng
gia
race 1 n. inner or outer cylindrical
ring holding the balls or rollers in
an antifriction: Voøng reá oå bi
2 v. (engine) to run at high speed
when not in gear: Cho ñoäng cô
chaïy ôû toác ñoä cao (khoâng caøi soá)
z racing start n. a start on a
normal street, e. g. at traffic lights,
using excessive throttle resulting
in wheelspin and tyre screeching:
Söï tröôït baùnh xe khi xuaát phaùt
maø ñaïp ga gaáp
rack n. long, toothed bar: Thanh
raêng
z rack-and-pinion steering n.
steering system in which a pinion
on the end of the steering shaft
meshes with a rack of gear teeth
on the major crossmember of the
steering linkage: Cô caáu laùi
thanh raêng – baùnh raêng
(NOTE:opposite is parallelogram
steering)
273
z rack galvanizing n.
galvanizing method for objects
which can be placed on a rack:
Maï keõm vôùi caùc chi tieát ñaët treân
thanh raêng
rad (short for) radiator: Boä taûn nhieät,
keùt nöôùc
radial bearing n. bearing designed to
absorb the radial forces acting on
a pump: OÅ bi thieát keá ñeå giaûm
löïc xuyeân taâm trong bôm
z radial clearance n. =
RADIAL PLAY: Khe hôû xuyeân
taâm
z radial engine n. multi-cylinder
engine in which the cylinders
radiate from a central crankshaft:
Ñoäng cô hình sao
z radial-flow pump n. end-
suction centrifugal pump with the
liquid flowing perpendicular to the
pump shaft: Bôm höôùng taâm.
z radial play n. bearing clearance
in the radial direction: Khe hôû
baïc loùt theo höôùng taâm
z radial runout n. variation in
the radius of the tyre tread from
the wheel axis, making the tyre no
longer truly round; one of the
main causes of vehicle vibration:
Ñoä ñaûo höôùng taâm.
radial shaft seal n. typical seal design
used to prevent leaks between
stationary parts and rotating shafts
and to exclude foreign matter: Caùi
phoát laøm kín truïc quay.
radial tyre n. tyre in which the plies
are placed radially, or
perpendicular to the rim, with a
circumferential belt on top of
radiator
them; the rubber tread is
vulcanized on top of the belt and
plies: Voû xe coù boá quaán kieåu
höôùng taâm.
radiator n. liquid-to-air heat
exchanger that transfers engine
heat to the outside air; consists of
many thin-walled tubes with metal
cooling fins that draw off heat
from the liquid (predominantly
water) inside them: Boä taûn nhieät,
keùt nöôùc
z radiator cap n. pressure cap at
the top of the radiator: Naép keùt
nöôùc
z radiator drain cock n.
radiator tap; unlike the radiator
drain plug, tools are not required
to drain the coolant from a
radiator with a drain cock: Voøi xaû
keùt nuôùc
z radiator drain plug = connects the mudguard skirts at
threaded closure plug located at
the underside of a radiator used to
drain the coolant; usually
equipped with a hex or Allen
head: OÁc xaû keùt nöôùc
radiator fan n. (of water-cooled
engine) crankshaft-driven fan
connected via a temperature-
sensitive viscous coupling, or
driven by an electric motor: Quaït
laøm maùt keùt nöôùc
z radiator fan motor = the contact points in the
electrically operated motor
responsible for driving the
radiator fan: Moâtô quaït keùt nöôùc
radiator grille n. grating that admits
cooling air to the radiator: Væ keùt
nöôùc
z radiator grille surround n.
sheet metal panel for mounting
274
Radio Data System (RDS)
the radiator grille; often combined
with the front apron to from a
single front panel: Ñöôøng vieàn
bao quanh væ keùt nöôùc
z radiator hose n. rubber pipe
connecting the radiator to the
cylinder block: OÁng cao su meàm
daãn nöôùc töø keùt qua ñoäng cô vaø
ngöôïc laïi.
z radiator hose shark tooth
pliers = special automotive tool
for removing and installing
radiator and heater hose; round
and toothed jaws securely grip the
hose whilts the handles provide
leverage to twist the hose free:
Kìm boùp oáng keùt nöôùc
z radiator support panel n.
panel located behind the radiator
grille surround which provides a
mounting for the radiator and
their front edge: Taám (giaù) ñôõ keùt
nöôùc.
radiator tank n. reservoir containing
the coolant in a radiator: Bình
nöôùc phuï
radio / cassette deck (r/c) n.
combined radio and tape deck:
Ngaên chöùa radio cassette.
z radio choke n. electric coil
used to prevent static in the radio
caused by opening and closing of
instrument voltage regulator:
Cuoän daây choáng nhieãu.
z Radio Data System (RDS) n.
system which interrupts a radio
broadcast with the latest
information on e. g. traffic
problems: Heä thoáng ngaét soùng
radio ñeå baùo keït xe.
radio frequency interference
z radio frequency interference
(RFI) n. interference generated
by the ignition system and other
electrical apparatus; counteracted
by suppressors: Nhieãu radio do
soùng ñieän töø
radius arm or rod n. additional
suspension link in a beam axle
layout providing fore-and-aft
location of the axle: Thanh ñaåy
phuï cuûa heä thoáng treo (thanh
kim loaïi ñöôïc laép vaøo hai beân
caàu xe vaø söôøn xe ñeå giöõ ñuùng vò
trí naèm ngang cuûa caàu xe)
rain channel n. : Raõnh thoaùt nöôùc
möa.
rake (angle) n. angle of a slope, e.
g. caster angle: Goùc nghieâng
ramp n. (a) equipment used to
support a vehicle's front or rear for
underbody work: Con ñoäi cheát
(b) device used to raise a vehicle
in the air: Caàu naâng.
z 2-post ramp / 4-post ramp:
Caàu naâng 2 truï / 4 truï
ram pressure n. pressure generated
by the deflection of the fluid flow
due to the curvature of the stator
blades, resulting in a momentum
acting on the turbine: Aùp suaát taïo
ra do söï leäch höôùng doøng chaûy
(tuoácbin)
range-change n. = AUXILIARY
GEARBOX: Hoäp soá phuï
ratchet n. (a) toothed rack or wheel
which is engaged by a lever to
permit motion in one direction
only: Con coùc, baùnh coùc (chaïy 1
chieàu)
(b) drive handle with ratchet
mechanism that permits the socket
to rotate in one direction only, i. e.
275
Ravigneaux planetary gear set
the ratchet releases in one
direction, but catches in the other:
caàn sieát 2 chieàu.
z ratchet adaptor = converts a
torque wrench or drive handle
without a ratchet mechanism into
a reversible ratchet tool: Boä phaän
chuyeån caàn sieát 1 chieàu thaønh 2
chieàu
z ratchet handle = RATCHET:
Con coùc.
z ratchet screwdriver =
screwdriver with ratchet
mechanism: Tua nô vít coù baùnh
coùc
rated capacity n. the quantity of
electricity which can be drawn
from a fully charged-battery for
20 hours by a constant discharging
current until cutoff voltage of 1.75
volts per cell is reached: Dung
löôïng ñònh möùc cuûa aéc quy.
z rated power n. the horsepower
(or kilowatt) power output of an
engine: Coâng suaát ra cuûa ñoäng
cô.
z rated voltage n. the voltage
give for electrical equipment or
devices which refers to specified
operating conditions: Ñieän aùp
ñònh möùc.
rationalization n. industrial
reorganization primarily aimed at
a more cost-effective and time-
saving production process: Söï hôïp
lyù hoùa saûn xuaát
rat-tail file n. (informal) round file:
Giuõa troøn.
Ravigneaux planetary gear set n.
comprises two sun gears of
different diameters, one internal
gear, and several planet : Boä
raw exhaust gas
baùnh raêng haønh tinh
Ravigneaux.
raw exhaust gas n. exhaust gas
upstream of any emission control
device, e. g. before it passes
through a catalytic concerter: Khí
thaûi chöa xöû lí.
z raw rubber n. natural rubber
which has been vulcanized: Cao
su thoâ
r/ c = RADIO / CASSETTE (DECK):
Ngaên chöùa radio casset.
RDS = RADIO DATA SYSTEM
reach n. (sparking plug) distance
from the sealing washer to the end
of the thread: Chieàu daøi ren ñaàu
bougie.
reaction distance n. the time needed
to respond to a situation,
translated into the distance
required for this, depending on the
speed of travel; braking distance
plus reaction distance equals the
stopping distance: Thôøi gian ñaùp
öùng phanh
reaction injection moulding (RIM)
n. processing technique for the
production of large foamed
(automotive) components, based
on the simultaneous injection of
the liquid components and the
chemical reaction in the mould:
Kyõ thuaät xöû lyù khi saûn xuaát
nhöõng chi tieát chaát deûo baèng
phöông phaùp eùp khuoân
z reactive suspension n. =
ELECTRONIC RIDE CONTROL
z reactor one-way clutch n. =
STATOR ROLLER CLUTCH
real-time four-wheel drive n.
automatic four-wheel drive
engagement by means of an
276
rear cabin pillar
electro-hydraulic clutch or a
viscous coupling incorporated in
the drive train: Truyeàn ñoäng 4
baùnh töï ñoäng qua ly hôïp ñieän-
thuyû löïc hoaëc khôùp nhôùt.
ream v. to enlarge (e. g. worn valve
guides) with a reamer: Khoan,
xoaùy roäng theâm
z reamer n. conically or
cylindrically shaped tool with
longitudinally cut teeth for manual
or machine operation, used for
precision finishing of bores: Dao
xoaùy xy lanh
rear 1 n. the back: Phía sau, ñaèng
sau
2 a. at the back: ÔÛ phía sau nhö
caàu sau, choã ngoài sau
z rear apron = REAR
VALANCE
z rear axle cross member n.
tubular frame member at the rear
of the body shell that incorporates
the mounting points for the rear
axle, e. g. on the VW Beetle and
the Porsch 911: Thanh ngang caàu
sau.
z rear (axle) differential n.
differential situated in the final
drive of the transmission assembly
in a conventional rearwheel drive
car: Boä vi sai caàu sau
z rear bulkhead n. vertical
panel across the width of the car
that extends behind the rear seat
backrest and separates the interior
from the trunk: Vaùch ngaên giöõa
gheá sau vaø ngaên ñeå ñoà
z rear bumper skirt n. rear
bumper with integral skirt; a large
plastic mounting: Thanh caûn sau
z rear cabin pillar n. C-
rear end
PILLAR: Truï ñôõ cabin phía sau
z rear end n. the rear part of the
body shell, extending
approximately from the rear seat
pan to the rear apron of the
car,incorporating the boot floor:
Ñuoâi xe.
z rear engine n. engine located
at the rear of a vehicle but outside
the wheelbase (i. e. behind rear
wheels): Ñoäng cô ñaët phía sau
z rear fog light or lamp n. red
light of the same intensity as a
brake light: Ñeøn söông muø ñaèng
sau
z rear-hinged door n. older type
of door construction that had the
hinges at the rear of the door:
Cöûa baûn leà phía sau
z rear lamp cluster n. group of
lights at the rear corner of a
vehicle, commonly comprising:
tail lamp, brake lamp, reversing
lamp, rear fog lamp, reflector,
direction indicator: Cuïm ñeøn sau
z rear light surround n.
separate panel spot-welded at the
juncture between the trailing edge
of the rear wing and the rear
valance to provide a mounting
base for the rear lights: Ñöôøng
vieàn bao quanh ñeøn sau
z rear numberplate light or
lamp n. while light illuminating
the rear nemberplate: Ñeøn baûng
soá phía sau xe
z rear panel n. the panel of the
body shell set underneath the
bootlid; sometimes referred to as
the rear valance if the area below
the bootlid consists of a single
panel only that extends down to
277
rear valance
the bottom of the body; in many
designs, however, the rear
valance is a separate horizontal
panel that extends from the rear
bumper area downwards: Panoâ
phía sau.
(NOTE: US English is back
panel)
rear seat belt n. inertia reel belt
fitted at each end of the rear seats;
a passeng erriding in the middle of
the rear seats must be satisfied
with just a lap belt, which many
safety experts regard as
inadequate: Daây ñai an toaøn choã
ngoài phía sau
z rear side window n. may refer
to various types of side body
glass; the side window between
the B- and C- posts of two-door
saloons, the rearmost side window
of estate cars between the C- and
D-post, i. e. behind the rear seat
backrest, and the third side
window found on some four-door
saloons behind the rear side
doors: Cöûa hoâng phía sau
z rear spoiler n. aerofoil
mounted on the rear deck,
typically made of shock-resistant
polyurethane with paintable matt
black finish; effective only at high
speeds, but frequently used for the
sake of appearance: Thanh khí
ñoäng ôû ñuoâi xe
rear valance n. separate panel set
below the rear panel which
extends approximately from
behind the rear bumper
downwards to protect the rear end
from splashes of mud: Taám che
buøn sau.
rear-view mirror
z rear-view mirror n. mirror that
enables the driver to see what is
behind him/her without turning
round: Göông chieáu haäu beân
trong
(NOTE: although all the driver's
mirrors are rear-view, this usually
refers to the interior mirror)
z rear wash / wipe (system) n.
electrical system for cleaning the
rear window, comprising a water
pump, reservoir and wiper: Heä
thoáng gaït xòt nöôùc kính sau
rear-wheel drive (RWD) n.
configuration in which the rear
wheels of the vehicle are driven:
truyeàn ñoäng baùnh sau
z rear-wheel drive transaxle =
rear-wheel drive construction
incorporating a transmission-
differential unit placed between
the rear wheels of a front-engined
car: Transaxle (hoäp soá vaø caàu)
daønh cho xe caàu sau chuû ñoäng.
z rear window n. central
window at the rear of a vehicle:
Kính phía sau (NOTE: US
English is backlight)
z rear window heating = heating
element that demists inside and
de-ices outside: Xoâng kính sau.
(NOTE: US English is backlight
heater system)
z rear window louvers = plastic
molding attached to the rear
window which deflects sun rays to
keep the interior cool; usually
hinged to lift up for easy window
cleaning: Taám che naéng phía
sau.
z rear wing n. body panel which
partially encloses a rear wheel:
278
receiver
Veø baùnh sau
reboard (system) n. child restraint
system typically installed
backwards on the front passenger
seat and having the benefit that
the child's relatively heavy head is
pressed into the back of the child
seat instead of being displaced
forward in a frontal: Gheá baûo veä
treû em ñaët ñoái dieän vôùi gheá haønh
khaùch tröôùc
rebore 1 n. regrinding cylinder
bores: Söï xoaùy laïi (xy lanh)
2 v. to regrind worn or damaged
cylinder bores before fitting
oversize pistons: Xoaùy laïi xy lanh
rebound clip n. metal clip that holds
the leaves of a multi-leaf spring
together: Ngaøm nhíp
z rebound stroke n. (shock
absorber) downstroke of a piston
in a spring damper : Haønh trình
ñi xuoáng cuûa piston trong boä
giaûm xoùc
rebuild v. to recondition: Taân trang,
laøm laïi maùy
z rebuilt engine = engine
reassembled using either new
parts or reconditioned
components: phuïc hoài ñoäng cô.
recap (US and Australia) =
RETREAD: Loáp xe ñaép laïi (taân
trang voû xe)
receiver n. (a) (e. g. of radio remote
control system device that
receives incoming electrical or
radio signals: Boä phaän thu tín
hieäu trong ñieàu khieån töø xa
(NOTE: opposite is transmitter)
(b) (trailer towing) steel tubing
and channel structure that accepts
the ball-mount platform of a
receiver-drier
removable trailer coupler: Khôùp
noái rô mooùc
z receiver-drier n. device on
the high side of an air-
conditioning system, somewhere
between the condenser and the
expansion valve, which stores
excess refrigerant and removes
moisture from the refrigerant;
consists of a tank, a filter, a drying
agent, a pick-up tube, and, on
some units, a sight glass: Loïc ga
(trong heä thoáng laïnh)
recessed spark position n. position
where the spark gap is actually in
the shell of the sparking plug;
used for racing and special
engines: Vò trí tia löûa ngang
trong loaïi bougie ñaëc bieät cho xe
ñua
rechargeable battery n.
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin saïc
reciprocating compressor n. a
positive displacement compressor
with reciprocating pistons; rarely
used for supercharging, more
frequently used for air
conditioning: Maùy neùn coù pittoâng
chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán
z reciprocating engine
engine with a piston that moves to
and fro, coming to a standstill at
each reversal: Ñoäng cô coù
pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh tieán
z reciprocating pump n. =
PISTON CHARGING PUMP:
Bôm pittoâng chuyeån ñoäng tònh
tieán
recirculating ball steering n. special
version of the worm-and-nut
steering in which ball bearings
circulate between nut and worm to
red lead
reduce friction: Heä thoáng laùi coù
baùnh vít vaø ñai oác di chuyeån aên
khôùp vôùi nhau, giöõa coù bi di
chuyeån
reconditioned engine or (informal)
recon n. worn engine that has
been given a new lease of life by
reboring the cylinders, regrinding
the crankshaft journals and
generally replacing anyworn or
damaged parts: Ñoäng cô ñaõ ñaïi tu
recreational vehicle (RV) n. any
vehicle used for pleasure rather
than business or transport (e. g.
dune buggies): Xe phuïc vuï giaûi
trí
rectangular-section ring n.
compression ring with a
rectangular cross-section:
Xeùcmaêng coù maët caét hình chöõ
= nhaät
z rectangular headlamp n.
modern shape of headlamp as
opposed to the traditional circular
headlamp: Ñeøn ñaàu hình chöõ
nhaät
rectifier diode n. (in alternator)
semiconductor diode that converts
alternating current to direct
n. current: Ñioât chænh löu
z rectifier pack n. (of alternator)
diode heat sink with diodes: Væ
taûn nhieät boä chænh löu.
recycling car n. a car built with
recycled materials and designed
so as to facilitate recycling: Xe
cheá taïo baèng vaät lieäu taùi cheá
red lead n. poisonous, bright-red
powder, soluble in excess glacial
acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric
acid; used for corrosion
protection: Oxit chì maøu ñoû duøng
279
red line
ñeå sôn loùt.
red line n. on a tachometer, the top
speed range which is marked red
as sign of excssive engine
speeds:Möùc baùo ñoäng vöôït quaù
toác ñoä cho pheùp treân ñoàng hoà
toác ñoä ñoäng cô.
reducer n. solvent used to dilute
synthetic enamels but not
compatible with lacquer paints:
Chaát taåy men toång hôïp
reducing agent n. (in chemical
reactions) material which adds
electrons to an element or
compound, i. e. which increases
the positiveness of its valence:
Chaát khöû
z reducing catalyst n. a catalyst
such as rhodium which converts
nitrogen oxides into harmless
nitrogen and oxygen in a reducing
catalytic converter: Chaát xuùc taùc
khöû oxyt nitô trong boä xuùc taùc
z reducing furnace n. section in
continuous galvanizing lines in
which the oxygen content of steel
surfaces is reduced at 900 - 980
°C by means of hydrogen: Loø
giaûm haøm löôïng oxy treân beà maët
theùp baèng hydro trong daây
chuyeàn maï
z reduction n. chemical reaction
in which an element gains
electrons, i. e. , has an increase in
positive valence: Söï khöû.
reduction gearbox n. gearbox
located at the wheels, which
reduces the drive speed and may
also increase ground clearance;
often found on 4wd off-road
vehicles: Hoäp soá giaûm toác
reed n. part of reed valve made of
280
reference mark sensor
flexible steel, or of glass fibre
reinforced resin, attached to the
valve case and normally closed:
Löôõi gaø (trong van löôõi gaø)
reed stop n. component of a reed
valve used to limit upward travel
of the reed: Beä löôõi gaø (giôùi haïn
haønh trình löôõi gaø)
reed valve n. control element which
allows the passage of an operating
medium into or out of a chamber:
Van löôõi gaø.
z reed valve induction timing =
using a reed valve located in the
intake system to control induction
timing: Ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm huùt
baèng van löôõi gaø.
reface v. general term for
reconditioning of the interface
between valves and their seats in
the cylinder head; depending on
valve seat condition, refacing may
involve lapping, grinding or
cutting: Raø laïi, maøi laïi ñeá suù paùp.
reference ignition pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of an intact
ignition system for comparison
purposes: Daïng xung chuaån ñaùnh
löûa vít duøng ñeå so saùnh.
z reference input n. in closed-
loop control, the reference input is
fed to a controller that changes a
controlled variable in a controlled
system to achieve a certain output
condition or actual value: Giaù trò
so saùnh (ñieàu khieån kín)
z reference mark sensor n.
magnetic pick-up attached to the
flywheel for sensing the
crankshaft position and
transferring the signal to the
electronic control unit, which
reference temperature
calculates the ignition point; the
reference mark sensor scans a pin
or a hole in the flywheel and
produces one output signal per
crankshaft revolution: Caûm bieán
vò trí truïc khuyûu (thöôøng naèm
treân baùnh ñaø)
z reference temperature n. the
temperature at which measuring
tools and pieces being worked on
must have the specified
measurements unless the contrary
is expressly stated: Nhieät ñoä
chuaån ñeå so saùnh.
z refinish system n. complete
product lines and product support
offered by many paint
manufacturers for respray
operations in body shops; these
onclude all materials from primers
and thinners to the topcoat plus
additional respray products; all
products are matched for optimum
results: Cuïm daây chuyeàn sôn
reflectance n. ratio of reflected
luminous flux to that reflected
from an ideal, perfectly reflecting
surface when similarly
illuminated: Heä soá phaûn xaï aùnh
saùng
z reflector n. (a) part of a
headlamp which receives light
from the bulb and reflects it back
through the lens: Choùa ñeøn pha
(b) part of a rear lamp cluster
which reflects the light from
headlamps behind: Taám phaûn
chieáu aùnh saùng ôû ñuoâi xe
refrigerant n. (in air-conditioning
sustems) substance used in
refrigerating systems; automotive
air conditioners now use non-
281
registration
Freon systems as well as the
refrigerant R-12 (Freon) as a heat
transfer medium: Moâi chaát laøm
laïnh, laõnh chaát
z refrigerant accumulator =
ACCUMULATOR-DRIER: Loïc
ga
refrigeration cycle n. (in air-
conditioning systems) refrigerant
in vapour from is pressurized in
the compressor, air-cooled in the
condenser and becomes a liquid
which passes through the
receiver-drier into low-pressure
liquid. It then flows through the
evaporator where it expands again
and starts to boil, absorbing heat
from the core and cooling the air
going into the passenger
compartment. The compressor
draws off the low-pressure
vaporized refrigerant and recyles
it: Chu trình laøm laïnh
regenerative braking n. system in
which an electric motor can be
switched to generator mode when
braking, so that the kinetic energy
involved may be stored in the
battery: Haõm ñieän ñoäng cho
ñoäng cô ñieän (bieán thaønh maùy
phaùt luùc haõm)
register (with) v. to align with:
Thaúng haøng
registered keeper n. the person who
keeps the car. i. e. who is
registered and pays tax (and
insurance) for the car; not
necessarily the same as the owner
or the driver: Ngöôøi ñaêng kyù xe
z registration n. act of entering
the details of a new vehicle in a
supervised record: Söï ñaêng kyù (oâ
registration document
toâ)
z registration document =
papers giving details of a vehicle,
including its manufacturer, date of
registration, engine and chassis
numbers, and owner's name: Theû
ñaêng boä xe
z registration number = unique
sequence of letters and numbers
assigned to a vehicle when it is
registered, usually indicating the
year and place of registration,
displayed on numberplates on the
front and rear of the vehicle: Soá
ñaêng kyù xe
z registration plate
NUMBERPLATE: Baûng soá ñaêng
kyù xe
regrind 1 v. to smooth and polish
again (e. g. valve seats): Maøi laïi
regulated proportioning valve n. =
LOAD-SENSITIVE
PROPORTIONING VALVE: Van
phaân phoái theo taûi
regulator n. any device which
controls fluid flow, pressure,
temperature, voltage, etc.: Boä
ñieàu chænh
reinforce v. to increase the strength
of plastics by filling them with
whiskers of glass, metal, fibres,
etc.: Gia coá, taêng cöôøng.
relative humidity (RH)
dimensionless ratio of the actual
vapour pressure of the air to the
saturation vapour pressure: Ñoä
aåm töông ñoái
relay n. (a) automatic device which
controls the setting of a valve,
switch, etc. by means of an
electric motor, solenoid, or
pneumatic mechanism: Rô le töï
reline
ñoäng
(b) (electronics) electrical device
in which a small change in current
or voltage controls the switching
on or off of circuits or other
devices: Rô le
release agent n. a substance to
prevent a moulding, i. e. a GRP
part, from sticking to the mould
and to facilitate its removal from
the mould; as opposed to release
wax, this is marketed in liquid
form only: Chaát röûa khuoân
z release bearing n. =
CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING:
= Baïc ñaïn taùch ly hôïp (pich teâ)
z release button n. button at the
end of the handbrake lever which,
when depressed, allows the pawl
to be released from the ratchet:
nuùt nhaû phanh tay
z release lever n. = CLUTCH
RELEASE LEVER: Caàn taùch ly
hôïp
z release wax see RELEASE
AGENT
z releasing fluid n. penetrating
oil for loosening seized parts: Daàu
duøng ñeå laøm loûng chi tieát bò dính
do gæ seùt
relief passage n. = BYPASS:
Ñöôøng voøng, ñöôøng reõ.
n. z relief valve n. (a) =
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:
Van giaûm aùp
(b) valve in the air pump of an air
injection system which dumps part
of the air at high pump speeds to
prevent pump damage; may be
combined with the air gulp valve:
Van an toaøn
reline v. to replace the brake shoes
282
reluctor
in drum brakes: Thay boá phanh
troáng (phanh)
reluctor n. (magnetic pick-up
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL:
Rotor, baùnh raêng trong caûm
bieán ñieän töø.
remote control n. (a) control of
something from a distance: Söï
ñieàu khieån töø xa
(b) the device used for this: Thieát
bò duøng ñeå ñieàu khieån töø xa
z remote-control locking = sometimes also used to denote a
central locking operated by a
remote control from outside the
car: Khoùa ñieàu khieån töø xa
z remote starter switch n.
special automotive tool that allows
the ignition switch to be bypassed
for cranking the engine: Coâng taéc
ñeå khôûi ñoäng töø xa.
remould v. & n. = RETREAD: Ñaép
laïi loáp xe
removable rim n. = DETACHABLE
RIM: Vaønh baùnh coù theå thaùo rôøi
repair v. & n. 1 v. mending
something which is broken or has
been damaged: Söûa chöõa
2 n. to restore something to
working condition, e. g. by
reconditioning, rebuilding,
replacing: Söï söûa chöõa.
z repair kit = kit for the overhaul
of parts such as carburettors,
generators, pumps, universal
joints, etc.: nguyeân cuïm vaät tö ñeå
ñaïi tu ñoäng cô.
z repair section = special panel
supplied for body repairs that does
not include the full panel used for
assembling the car but only the
most vulnerable areas; i. e. for
wings, separate repair sections are
283
research octane number (RON)
supplied for the headlamp area
and the bottom wing edges, where
damage usually occurs: Nhöõng boä
phaän rôøi ñeå söûa chöõa phaàn thaân
xe.
repeater (lamp) n. direction
indicator on the side of a vehicle:
Ñeøn xi nhan(baùo reõ) beân hoâng
xe.
replacement panel n. body panel
supplied for repair purposes;
repair section: Taám khung ñeå
thay theá.
z replacement vehicle n. a car
lent by a dealer to a customer
while the customer's car is under
repair: Xe garage cho möôïn
chaïy taïm khi söûa chöõa xe khaùch
haøng
replenishing port n. port in the
master cylinder body which
connects the fluid reservoir to the
annulus of the primary piston: Loã
cung caáp trong xylanh caùi cuûa
heä thoáng phanh.
replica or reproduction panel n. =
PATTERN PANEL
rep mobile n. (informal) car used by
a sales representative: Xe cuûa ñaïi
lyù baùn haøng.
required ignition voltage n.
maximum high voltage required to
produce a spark under particular
conditions: Hieäu ñieän theá ñaùnh
löûa.
RES (on cruise control, short for)
resume preset cruising speed: Nuùt
nhaán ñeå quay laïi toác ñoä ñaõ chaïy
(ga töï ñoäng)
research octane number (RON) n.
fuel octane rating determined by
reseat
the research octane test, one of
many test procedures: Chæ soá
oâctan nghieân cöùu
reseat v. to recut a valve seat after
repeated grinding-in has worn it
out of shape: Laøm laïi beä xuùpaùp
môùi.
reserve capacity n. the time, in
minutes, a battery can maintain a
discharge rate of 25 amps: Dung
löôïng döï tröõ cuûa aéc quy tính
baèng phuùt khi phoùng doøng 25 A
reservoir n. (a) any container filled
with fluid: Thuøng chöùa, bình
chöùa (chaát loûng)
(b) (double-tube shock absorber)
the space between the outer and
inner tubes of a double-tube shock
absorber which takes up the oil
squeezed out of the working
chamber corresponding to the
volume of the piston rod
immersed in the working
chamber: Ngaên chöùa daàu trong
oáng nhuùn keùp
reshaping n. panel beating process
for removing dents: the panel is
brought roughly into its original
shape before detailed work is
performed in the finishing stage;
may also refer to the process of
forming a panel from sheet steel:
Goø laïi
residual check valve n. = z resistor n. component that
RESIDUAL PRESSURE VALVE:
Van aùp suaát dö
z residual exhaust gases n.
exhaust gas remaining the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
after the exhaust ports have been
closed, i. e. these gases have not
been scavenged: Khí thaûi soùt
284
resistor sparking plug
trong xy lanh (2 kyø)
z residual pressure valve n.
valve mounted in the cylinder
outlet between piston and brake
lines of drum brake circuits;
maintains a certain minimum
pressure in the system; disc brakes
do not require a residual pressure
valve: Van aùp suaát dö
resin n. synthetic, usually organic,
material with a polymeric
structure which, especially after
having been treated with
plasticizer, stabilizer, etc.,
becomes hard when dry: Nhöïa
z resistance thermometer n. an
electrical temperature sensor
which, in contrast to a
thermocouple, needs an external
voltage supply; the actual sensing
element is a resistor whose
resistance is an accurate
indication of temperature: Caûm
bieán nhieät ñieän trôû
z resistance welding n. a fusion
welding method using electric
current and pressure; includes
spot, seam, projection, and butt
welding: Kyõ thuaät haøn baám.
z resistivity n. ability of a
material not to conduct electricity:
Ñieän trôû suaát (NOTE: opposite is
conductivity)
reduces the current in an electrical
circuit: Ñieän trôû
z resistor sparking plug =
sparking plug containing a resistor
to suppress interference with
audio-visual reception: Ñieän trôû
ñaët trong bougie (ñeå choáng
nhieãu)
restorator
resonator n. (a) any device that
attenuates pressure spikes: Boä
phaän giaûm dao ñoäng aùp suaát
(b) first silencer in a two-silencer
system: OÁng poâ thöù nhaát (loaïi 2
poâ noái tieáp)
respray v. & n. (to add) a coat (or
several coats) of paint to the
existing finish: Phun sôn laïi (v.),
söï phun sôn laïi (n.)
(NOTE: It is notoriously difficult
to match the colour of a resprayed
panel to that of the original
paintwork)
restoration n. any extensive repair
work that is not limited to standard
reconditioning but is of far greater
scope, including remanufacture of
certain parts, stripping to the last
nut and bolt and verification of
each and every component: Söï
taân trang xe.
restraint system n. general term for
occupant safety systems such as
seat belts, belt tensioners, air
bags, child seats, etc.: Heä thoáng
an toaøn cho ngöôøi söû duïng xe.
restrictor n. = NOZZLE
RETRICTOR
resurfacing n. if the cylinder head is
warped due to thermal
differences, its mating surface will
have to be machined to ensure
firstly that a level surface is
created and secondly that the
engine's compression ratio is not
increased to above a tolerable
value: Söï raø laïi beà maët naép maùy.
retainer (pin) n. = PAD
RETAINER (PIN): Choát haõm.
z retainer plate n. plate which
prevents a value from sliding out
285
retread
of its bore: Ñóa giöõ.
z retainer spring tool n. special
automotive tool used on drum
brakes for restraining the shoe
retaining springs for removal and
installation; comes in a variety of
shapes, e. g. as a screwdriver-type
tool with a special socket end to
trip retaining washers: Duïng cuï
keïp loø xo söû duïng ñeå thaùo laép
phanh loaïi tang troáng.
retard v. (ignition timing) to cause
the spark to occur later: Treã,
muoän.
(NOTE: opposite is advance)
z retarded a. occurring late:
xaûy ra treã, muoän.
(NOTE: opposite is advanced)
z retarder n. (a) additive to
decrease the evaporation rate of a
thinner or reducer in paint; used to
improve viscosity in hot weather:
phuï gia laøm chaäm söï boác hôi cuûa
chaát pha sôn
(b) auxiliary brake used on
commercial vehicles and coaches
(it is a requirement in some EU
countries): Phanh phuï.
retract v. to draw back, pull back or
rewind: Xeáp laïi, ruùt laïi, co laïi.
z retractable aerial =
telescopic aerial: Anten xeáp.
z retractable headlights =
concealed headlights: Ñeøn ñaàu
xeáp ñöôïc.
z retractor n. (seat belt) device
which locks the reel of a seat belt
when the forward acceleration of
the occupants exceeds a certain
value: Cô caáu ruùt daây ñai an
toaøn.
retread 1 v. to attach a new tread to
retrofit
a used tyre by vulcanization: Ñaép
laïi loáp xe
2 n. (informal) a retreaded tyre:
Loáp xe ñaép laïi
(NOTE: called recap in the USA
and Australia)
retrofit v. to equip a vehicle with new
parts after manufacture: Trang bò
theâm nhöõng boä phaän môùi treân
xe sau khi mua
rev (short for) revolution: Soá
voøng quay, toác ñoä ñoäng cô
z rev counter n. (informal)
tachometer: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä
ñoäng cô
reverse 1 v. to drive backwards: Laùi
luøi laïi, de xe.
(NOTE: US English is to back up)
2 n. (short for) reverse gear (R):
Soá luøi
z reverse clutch n. clutch which
couples the components of
planetary gear sets or trains in
such a way that the vehicle can be
driven backwards: Ly hôïp soá luøi
z reverse-flow scavenging n.
scavenging system for two-stroke
engines in which a cylinder has
two pairs of transfer ports, at the
front and rear respectively, with
two exhaust ports located on
either side of the two pairs of
transfer ports; the incoming
streams of mixture spread out like
a fan, are deflected downward and
expel the spent gases: Söï ñoåi
chieàu cuûa doøng khí queùt (2 kyø)
z reverse (gear) n. very low
gear for driving backwards,
denoted by the letter R on a gear
knob or gear selector: Soá luøi R
z reverse inhibitor valve = valve
286
rhodium
which prevents the engagement of
the reverse clutch in automatic
transmissions if the vehicle road
speed exceeds 10 km/h: Van caét
ly hôïp soá luøi trong hoäp soâ töï
ñoäng khi toác ñoä lôùn hôn 10km/h.
z reversible (gear) puller n.
puller with two or more reversible
jaws, allowing it to be used for
inside and outside pulling: Caõo
nhieàu raêng
z reversing light n. light at the
rear of a vehicle which comes on
automatically when reverse gear
is engaged and illuminates the
road behind the vehicle: Ñeøn luøi
(NOTE: US English is back-up
light)
z reversing warning signal =
beeper alarm that sounds when a
commercial vehicle engages
reversegear: Tín hieäu baùo luøi xe.
(NOTE: US English is back-up
alarm)
rev limiter n. = ENGINE SPEED
LIMITER: Boä phaän giôùi haïn toác
ñoä ñoäng cô
z revolution counter n. (a)
tachometer, which measures the
engine speed in rpm (b) counter
which counts the total revolutions
of a shaft (as opposed to rpm):
Ñoàng hoà ghi soá voøng quay
z revolutions per minute (rpm)
n. number of times the crankshaft
turns in one minute: Soá voøng quay
trong moät phuùt
RFI = RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE
z RFI suppressed sparking
plugs = fully shielded and
resistor parking plugs: Bougie
RH
choáng gaây nhieãu voâ tuyeán.
RH = RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Ñoä
aåm töông ñoái.
RIGHT HAND: ÔÛ beân tay phaûi
z RHD = RIGHT-HAND
DRIVE: Xe tay laùi nghòch.
rheostat n. resistor with variable
resistance: Bieán trôû
rhodium n. a silver-white noble
metal in the platinum family;
atomic number 45, atomic weight
102.905; used in
thermocouplesand, together with
other platinum metals, as a
catalyst in catalytic converters:
Chaát Roñi (hoùa hoïc)
rib n. (a) structural member for
reinforcing bodywork: thanh gia
coá khung xe
(b) ridge on the sidewall of a tyre
to protect it from damage on
impact with the kerb: Gaân, gôø voû
xe.
rich a. of an air / fuel mixture that
has more petrol than normal:
Giaøu (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí).
(NOTE: opposite is lean)
z rich mixture = a mixture with
more fuel than can be burned by
the oxygen contained in the air /
fuel charge: Hoãn hôïp hoøa khí
giaøu xaêng
(NOTE: opposite is lean mixture)
ride n. degree of comfort, especially
with regard to the suspension,
experienced by the passengers:
Söï rung xoùc cuûa xe maø haønh
khaùch caûm nhaän.
z ride height n. = GROUND
CLEARANCE: Khoaûng saùng
gaàm xe.
z rideheight adjuster =
287
rim
GROUND CLEARANCE
CONTROL
z ride levelling n. =
AUTOMATIC LEVEL
CONTROL (SYSTEM)
ridge n. (a) the cutting edge of a
screw thread (surmounting the
flanks): Ñænh ren.
(b) (in wheel rims) = HUMP: Caùi
gôø , caùi böôùu cuûa nieàng baùnh xe.
right-hand drive (RHD) n. steering
system in which the steering
wheel is located on the right-hand
side of the vehicle; used for
driving on the left, as in the UK,
Japan, Australia, etc.: Xe tay laùi
nghòch.
(NOTE: opposite is left-hand
drive)
z right-hand thread n. thread
which will accept a nut turned
clockwise: Ren thuaän, ren phaûi.
rigid a. inflexible, without any
flexural or elastic characteristic:
Cöùng, khoâng meàm deûo.
z rigid axle = rear axle which
may be either live (in rear-wheel
drive cars) or dead (in front-wheel
drive cars): Truïc cöùng, caàu bò
ñoäng.
RIM = REACTION INJECTION
MOULDING
rim n. (a) the part of a wheel that
connects the wheel disc with the
tyre; its basic purpose is to
provide support to the lower
sidewall: Nieàng baùnh xe
(b) (bodywork repair) the outer
edge of a dented area that is heat
shrunk towards the centre of the
dent: Vieàn xung quanh choã moùp
khi haøn
rim designation
rim designation n. the nominal rim
diameter, nominal rim width and
any abbreviations and codes for
the contour of the rim: Thoâng soá
nieàng baùnh xe
z rim diameter n. the distance
between the intersection of the
bead seats and the vertical walls
of the rim flanges: Ñöôøng kính
nieàng
z rim flange n. the part of a rim
that supports the tyre bead in a
lateral direction; the linear
distance between the two rim
flanges is termed rim width: Meùp
vaønh baùnh xe
z rim ridge n. = HUMP: Voøng
gaân vaønh baùnh xe
z rim size n. comprises the rim
width and rim diameter and is
measured in inches: Kích côõ
nieàng
z rim type n. depending on the
type of tyre, rim types differ
according to the rim profile and
the number of rim parts: Kieåu,
loaïi nieàng
rim width n. the nominal distance
between the rim flanges: Beà
ngang vaønh baùnh xe
z ring belt n. the lands and rings
of a piston: Vuøng ñaàu piston
z ring expander n. = PISTON
RING PLIERS: Kìm thaùo xeùc-
maêng
z ring gap n. the gap between
the piston ring ends with the
piston installed in the bore: Khe
hôû mieäng xeùc-maêng
z ring gear n. (a) = ANNULUS
GEAR (b) = CROWN WHEEL
(c) toothed rim of a flywheel
288
road test
which engages the pinion of the
starter motor: Voøng raêng baùnh ñaø
z ring spanner n. spanner
whose head fits completely round
a nut: Chìa khoùa voøng.
rivet n. short metal pin with a head at
one end, for joining two or more
pteces together; a second head is
formed at the other end by
hammering it flat, to secure the
connection: Ñinh taùn
z rivet gun or riveter = tool
with pliers-like handles and nose
oiece to insert rivets; used, for
example, in body repair work to
rivet sheet metal material
together: Suùng baén ñinh taùn
road-draft tube n. US = OIL
BREATHER PIPE: OÁng thoâng
hôi daàu.
z road fund licence n. licence
showing that road tax has been
paid: Giaáy ñoùng leä phí caàu
ñöôøng.
z road hog n. (informal) a
selfish, often aggressive driver:
Ngöôøi laùi xe baït maïng
z road speed n. vehicle speed
along a road, measured in mph or
km/h: Toác ñoä xe ñöôøng tröôøng.
roadster n. open two-seater with a
folding top made of unlined
canvas: Loaïi xe mui traàn, hai
choã ngoài.
road tax n. annual tax paid in order
to use a vehicle on the roads:
Thueá caàu ñöôøng.
z road test n. (a) a test to check
that a car is roadworthy after
repair: Kieåm tra xe baèng caùch
chaïy thöû treân ñöôøng sau khi söûa
chöõa
road-test
(b) a test of a car (e. g. a new
model) in actual use; for example,
by a magazine for comparison
with other models: Thöû xe môùi ñeå
kieåm tra tính naêng söû duïng.
z road-test v. to give a vehicle a
road test: Kieåm tra xe treân
ñöôøng tröôøng
z road train n. several linked
trailers pulled by a large truck;
common in Australia for
transporting stock: xe ñaàu keùo
nhieàu rô mooc.
z roadworthiness n. being fit to
be driven on the roads: Söï thích
hôïp ñeå chaïy treân moät ñöôøng
tröôøng (cuûa moät chieác xe)
robot spraying n. application of paint
by robots: Ngöôøi maùy phun sôn
rocker (arm) n. lever which rotates
around a shaft pushing down
(opening) the valve with one end
while the other end is pushed up
by the pushrod; the valve is closed
again by spring pressure: Caàn
ñaåy, coø moå (suù paùp)
z rocker arm shaft = shaft on
which the rocker arm pivots: Truïc
caàn ñaåy (coø moå)
z rocker box or rocker cover n.
cylinder head cover above the
valve train: Naép daøn coø xuùpaùp.
(NOTE: US English is valve
cover)
z rocker cover gasket = gasket
between the cylinder head and the
rocker cover; usually either a flat
paper or cork gasket or an O-ring:
Ñeäm kín naép daøn coø xuùpaùp.
z rocker panel n. = SILL:
Ngöôõng cöûa.
z rocker shaft n. the outgoing
289
roller chain
shaft of the steering gearbox, to
which the drop arm is connected:
Truïc reõ quaït
(NOTE: US English is cross-
shaft)
roll (angle) n. angular displacement
of a vehicle about its longitudinal
axis, i. e. tendency of a vehicle to
heel over when cornering or in
high cross winds: Goùc laên, goùc
quay (xe)
z roll axis n. axis through the
front and rear roll centres: Truïc
laên
z roll bar n. strong, tubular bar
which reinforces the roof of a car,
especially one used for occupants
if the car should overturn: Thanh
laên
z roll centre n. the theoretical
point between the front wheels or
back wheels about which the car
body rolls when cornering; any
centrifugal force causes the body
to rotate about the roll centre: taâm
quay
roller n. non-spherical rolling
element in a roller bearing: Con
laên, bi ñuõa
z roller bearing = antifriction
bearing with non-spherical rolling
elements: OÅ bi ñuõa.
z roller cage = cage containing
the rollers in a roller bearing: reá
bi ñuõa.
Roller n. (informal) = ROLLS-
ROYCE: Hieäu xe Rolls- Royce.
roller cell pump n. = ROLLER-
VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh con laên
z roller chain n. power-
transmitting chain in which each
link consists of two free-moving
roller dynamometer
rollers located by pins connected
to sideplates: Daây xích con laên.
z roller dynamometer n.
dynamometer attached to a rolling
road: Baêng thöû coâng suaát baèng
con laên.
z roller tappet n. connecting
link between the lower end of a
pushrod and the camshaft,
equipped with one roller to roduce
the friction between the pushrod
or tappet and the cam during
engine operation: Con ñoäi laên
giöõa ñuõa suù paùp vaø truïc cam.
z roller-vane pump n. rotary
vane pump with rollers as
pumping elements which slide
against the pump body when the
rotor rotates: Bôm caùnh con laên
rolling bearing n.
ANTIFRICTION BEARING
z rolling circumference n. the
circumference of a loaded tyre:
Veát laên cuûa baùnh xe khi coù taûi
z rolling friction n. frictional
resistance to rotation in rolling
bearings: Ma saùt laên
z rolling radius n. radius of a
loaded tyre from its axis to the
centre of the contactpatch: Baùn
kính laên
z rolling resistance n. resistance
to motion offered by tyres on a
flat road surface, attributable
mainly to rolling and mechanical
friction and dependant on tyre
design, pressure and load; over
50mph, air resistance becomes
more important: Löïc caûn laên
z rolling road n. rollers set in the
floor of a garage, turning or
inspection centre and designed to
roof brace
simulate road conditions; the
rollers can be driven by the
driving wheels of a car and
connected to a dynamometer for
testing the power output of an
engine or may be independently
powered, e. g. to test the brakes:
Con laên trong baêng thöû coâng
suaát, thöû phanh.
roll oversteer n. oversteer caused by
roll when cornering: Quay voøng
thöøa do laên (xoay)
(NOTE: opposite is roll
understeer)
roll resistance or roll stiffness n.
(chassis) resistance of a vehicle
body to rolling, which depends on
the stiffness of the suspension
springs and anti-roll bar: Khaû
= naêng choáng laät.
roll test n. serves to test-drive train
functions; may include separate
tests for front and rear axle, left-
and right-hand sides, noise test;
typical duration is two minutes:
Kieåm tra söï laên
roll understeer n. understeer caused
by roll when cornering: Quay
voøng thieáu do laên
(NOTE: opposite is roll
oversteer)
RON = RESEARCH OCTANE
NUMBER
roo bar (Australian for) NERF BAR:
Thanh ñôõ va (thanh caûn tröôùc)
roof box n. enclosed, multi-purpose
roof carrier: Mui xe ña naêng.
z roof brace n. transverse rail
that supports the roof panel; there
are usually several roof braces:
Truï choáng mui xe.
290
root panel
z roof panel n. the horizontal
outer layer of the sheet metal roof
panels that is spot-welded along
its edges to the top of the roof,
door and screen pillars: Mui xe
z roof rack n. luggage rack on
the roof of a vehicle: Khung ñeå
chôû haønh lyù gaén treân noùc xe
z roof rail n. longitudinal side
member above the doors to which
the roof panel is attached: Thanh
ñôõ mui xe.
(NOTE: also called cantrail)
room temperature vulcanizing
(RTV) sealer n. semi-liquid,
silicone rubber sealant which is
proof against oil and water but not
petrol: roong loûng
root n. lowest point of a screw
thread: Chaân ren
(NOTE: opposite is crest)
Roots compressor or supercharger
n. typical lobe-type positive
displacement compressor; uses
two two-lobed or three-lobed
internal rotors phased to prevent
clashing of the lobes by gears;
normally driven from the
crankshaft by toothed or V-belts,
can achieve speeds up to 10,000
rpm; provides low-end torque and
boost without lag but is less fuel-
efficient than a turbocharger:
Bôm taêng naïp, bôm Root
rotary disc valve n. valve employed
as an inlet control in modern two-
stroke engines, consisting of a thin
steel disc attached to one end of
the crankshaft: Van ñóa quay (2
kyø)
rotary (piston) engine n. an engine
which uses no reciprocating
291
rotor
pistons; instead, triangular rotors
revolve in specially shaped
housings; the Wankel engine is
the only type of rotary engine at
present in production: Ñoäng cô coù
pittoâng quay troøn, ñoäng cô
Wankel
z rotary pump n. pump with
rotating members: Bôm quay
troøn
z rotary valve n. engine or pump
component forming part of a
rotating assembly; may be
designed as a cylindrical or a disc
valve: Van quay
z rotary vane pump n. =
VANE PUMP: Bôm caùnh quaït
rotation n. motion of a body about an
axis within the body: Söï xoay
voøng quanh truïc
roto cap n. device fitted to some
engines which turns a valve
slightly every time it opens or
closes, to prevent the valve
sticking or burning: Cô caáu xoay
suù paùp (NOTE: also called valve
rotator)
Rotoflex coupling n. one design of a
flexible coupling in the shape of a
hexagonal rubber ring: Khôùp noái
Rotoflex.
rotor n. (a) any component which
rotates: Boä phaän quay
(b) rotating part of an electrical
machine, such as the armature of
a starter motor: Phaàn quay cuûa
maùy ñieän, rotor
(c) rotating part of the distributor,
which distributes the high voltage
to the individual sparking plugs; in
older systems an oblong shape, in
breakerless distributor system
rotor arm
usually a disc: Con quay, moû
queït (trong delco)
(d) in an alternator, the rotating
pole pieces with the
electromagnetic winding, which
create a rotating magnetic field
whose lines of force cut the
stationary conductors in the stator;
usually of claw-pole design: Phaàn
quay cuûa maùy phaùt, rotor
(e) rotating displacement element
of a rotary pump, such as a gear,
screw, piston, etc.: Chi tieát quay
cuûa bôm quay
(f) moving part of a pulse
generator: Phaàn quay cuûa caûm
bieán ñieän töø
(NOTE: opposite is stator)
(g) rotating element of a Roots
supercharger: Phaàn quay cuûa
bôm taêng aùp kieåu Root
z rotor arm n. = ROTOR
z rotor-type pump n. engine oil
pump in which an internal rotor, e.
g. with four external lobes, is used
to drive an eccentric external
gear, e. g. with five internal
lobespaces; operates in a similar
way to gear pumps, but has higher
pump capacity, and is quieter and
more expensive: Bôm roâto
rotowelding n. = FRICTION
WELDING
rotten-egg smell n. in cars equipped
with catalytic converters, this
smell is the result of an
excessively rich air / fuel mixture:
Muøi tröùng thoái sinh ra töø boä xuùc
taùc khi hoãn hôïp hoøa khí quaù giaøu
roughening n. mechanical or chemical
treatment of a surface to produce
minute irregularities: Söï laøm
292
RTV
nhaùm beà maët.
rough a. if an engine sounds rough it
is running unevenly, probably
caused by misfiring or worn
crankshaft bearings: Noå khoâng
ñeàu
roundabout n. road junction where the
traffic goes round a raised central
circle: Buøng binh.
(NOTE: US English is traffic
circle)
round file n. file in the shape of a
round bar, rather than a blade:
Giuõa troøn
z round head bolt n. general
term including cup head bolts and
mushroom head bolts: Bu - loâng
ñaàu troøn
z round hump n. safety contour
on both rim bead seats preventing
the tyre from sliding into the rim
well: Caùi böôùu troøn treân nieàng
xe.
route 1 n. direction taken (by a
cable, etc.): Ñöôøng ñi, loä trình.
2 v. to lay (something) in a certain
direction: Theo tuyeán ñöôøng.
Royal Automobile Club (RAC) n.
motoring organization in the UK:
Caâu laïc boä oâtoâ hoaøng gia.
rpm (short for) revolutions per minute;
engine speed as measured by
crankshaft revolutions per minute:
Toác ñoä voøng cuûa ñoäng cô
z rpm sensor = ENGINE SPEED
SENSOR: Caûm bieán toác ñoä ñoäng
cô
RRIM = REINFORCED REACTION
INJECTION MOULDING
r / seat (short for) rear seat: Choã ngoài
sau
RTV = ROOM TEMPERATURE
rubber
VULCANIZING: Keo laøm roong
loûng ñoâng laïi ôû nhieät ñoä trong
phoøng
rubber n. (a) a natural elastomer that
at room temperature returns
rapidly to approximately its initial
dimension and shape after
substantial deformation by a weak
stress and subsequent release of
the stress: Cao su
(b) US (informal) tyres: Loáp xe.
z rubber bush = tubular rubber
sleeve for mounting a shaft or rod:
OÁng cao su ñeå gaén truïc
z rubber coupling = flexible
coupling using pressurized rubber
blocks: Khôùp noái cao su
z rubber doughnut coupling =
typical flexible coupling, made of
vulcanized rubber, shaped like a
doughnut: Khôùp noái cao su giaûm
chaán.
z rubberize v. to coat or
impregnate with rubber: Nhuùng
vaøo cao su, troän chung vôùi cao su
vaø ñuùc
z rubber mallet n. mallet with a
rubber head: Caùi buùa goã ñaàu
nhöïa.
z rubber spring n. element of a
rubber suspension system such as
Hydrolastic suspension: Loø xo cao
su
rubbing block n. (ignition) small
block of insulating material on the
contact breaker lever: Khoái cao
su treân vít löûa (goái cam).
z rubbing compound n. =
CUTTING COMPOUND
z rubbing strip n. strip of plastic
at the widest point of the body,
along doors and wings down each
293
run in
side of the car to protect the
bodywork from minor knocks, (as
from the open door of a
neighbouring car): Daûi baêng doïc
thaân xe choáng coï xaùt.
Rudge nut n. quick-release nut for
central-locking wheels: Ñai oác
Rudge
rumble n. characteristic, low-pitched
noise made by worn main
bearings: Tieáng keâu ñaëc tröng do
baïc loùt truïc khuyûu moøn gaây ra
z rumble seat n. US =
DICKEY SEAT: Gheá phuï ñaèng
sau ôû xe hai choã.
run 1 n. (paint fault) the trail of a
paint drip; a dribble of paint: Söï
chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn
2 v. (of paint) to form a run:
Chaûy thaønh veät.
runabout n. (a) an open 2-seater,
predecessor of the roadster: (b)
small car, especially one for use in
town: OÂ toâ nhoû
run channel n. U-section rubber used
to hold glass parts and other body
features in place or to protect
panel edges: Roong kính.
run-flat properties n. the capability
of a deflated tyre to operate
effectively, i. e. to permit further
driving: Khaû naêng chaïy tieáp khi
xì voû
run-flat tyre n. tyre which can run
for a certain length of time
without air in it: Voû xe chaïy ñöôïc
khi xeïp
run in v. to operate new or
reconditioned machinery
(especially bearings) under light
load and at limited speed to avoid
excessive friction and heat which
running board
would cause uneven bedding in of
the component: Chaïy raø, chaïy ro
ñai
(NOTE: nowadays, new engines
do not need to be run in. note that
US English is to break in)
running board n. foot rest below the
doors of a car; common on early
motor vehicles, now only seen on
VW Beetles, pick-ups and some
limousines: Baäc leân xuoáng xe
z running gear n. the moving
components which link the lower
part of the vehicle to the wheels, i.
e. suspension, including control
arms, springs, shock absorbers,
steering components, etc.: Caùc boä
phaän noái phaàn döôùi khung xe vôùi
baùnh xe
running-in n. driving a vehicle or
running an engine or enter
mechanical unit at reduced speed
and load when new, to prevent
pick-up and seizure of the bearing
surfaces, and to ensure even
initial wear: Chaïy raø
z running-on n. condition of a
SI engine in which fuel continues
to burn after the ignition has been
turned off, causing the engine to
run on (for a few seconds): Maùy
vaãn noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy
(ñoäng cô xaêng)
(NOTE: also called dieselling)
z running-on control valve =
IDLE STOP VALVE: Van khoùa
caàm chöøng
z run on v. (of an engine) to
continue to run after the ignition
has been switched off: maùy vaãn
noå sau khi taét coâng taéc maùy
run-on tyre n. tyre with a limited
294
rust protection
ability to run without air in it;
sufficient to pull over safely: Loáp
xe chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp
run out n. extent to which a part is
running out-of-true: Söï chaïy leäch
taâm, söï ñaûo, söï moøn leäch.
rupture v. to break, burst or split:
Laøm gaõy, vôõ, nöùt
rust 1 n. oxidized iron or steel, the
product of corrosion: Gæ
2 v. to form rust: Hình thaønh gæ
z rust eater n. = RUST
KILLER: Chaát phaù gæ.
z rusting n. chemical or
electrochemical destruction of
iron and ferrous metals: Söï gæ(saét)
z rust inhibitor n. inhibitor
which reduces or prevents the
formation of rust on iron and
ferrous metals: Chaát choáng gæ
z rust inspection n. car
inspection conducted to detect rust
and corrosion damage, usually by
means of an endoscope: Söï kieåm
tra gæ seùt.
z rust killer n. substances which,
according to their manufacturers,
convert rust into a dry mass which
can be removed with water: Chaát
laøm saïch gæ.
z rustproof 1 a. resistant to
rust: Khoâng gæ
2 v. to make resistant to rust: Xöû
lyù ñeå choáng gæ
z rustproofing n. making
resistant to rust: Laøm choáng gæ
z rustproofing agent = anti-
corrosion, wax-based sealant:
Chaát choáng gæ
z rust protection n. reducing
the possibility of rust forming on
iron and steel by coating with
rust remover Rzeppa-type (universal) joint

protective materials or by RV US = RECREATIONAL

rendering them passive: Söï baûo VEHICLE
veä khoûi gæ RWD = REAR-WHEEL DRIVE: Caàu
z rust remover n. any chemical sau chuû ñoäng
substance which removes rust: Rzeppa-type (universal) joint n.
Chaát taåy gæ constant velocity joint
z rust sealer n. rust converter incorporating balls as a means of
that provides a coat on metal torque transmission; (named after
surfaces to protect them against Alfred Rzeppa, a Ford engineer):
air exposure and thus to prevent Khôùp noái loaïi Rzeppa
continued corrosion: Chaát traùm
choáng ræ.

295
S safety goggles
Ss
S (a) (short for) Special or Sport,
indicating better performance than
a standard car model: Kyù hieäu
cuûa loaïi xe ñaëc bieät hoaëc theå
thao toát hôn loaïi xe thoâng
thöôøng
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (180 km/h or
113 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña 180 km/h.
Sacco panels n. = SIDE BUMPER
PANELS: Taám ñôõ va beân hoâng
xe
sacrificial anode n. an
electropositive metal coating, such
as aluminium or zinc, that protects
the steel of a car body by
corroding first when attacked by
electrolytic action: Lôùp maï baèng
nhoâm hoaëc keõm baûo veä lôùp theùp
khung xe (choáng aên moøn ñieän
hoùa)
z sacrificial protection =
CATHODIC PROTECTION: Söï
baûo veä catoát.
saddle tank n. fuel tank mounted
above the rear axle: Thuøng nhieân
lieäu ñaët treân caàu sau.
SAE (short for) Society of
Automotive Engineers: American
professional body which develops
standards in automotive (and
aeronautical) engineering: Hieäp
hoäi kyõ sö oâtoâ Hoa Kyø
SAE gross bhp n. old unit of engine
power: Ñôn vò cuõ cuûa coâng suaát
ñoäng cô
SAE net bhp n.unit of engine power:
296
Ñôn vò cuûa coâng suaát ñoäng cô
safe stop wheel n. = RUN-ON
TYRE
safety bead seat n. general term for
a safety contour on the rim bead
seat preventing the tyre bead from
sliding into the rim well especially
during cornering manoeuvres: Ñai
töïa an toaøn treân nieàng xe.
z safety belt n. = SEAT BELT:
Daây ñai an toaøn
z safety catch n. catch usually
located under the front edge of the
bonnet, near the centre, which
prevents accidental release of the
bonnet if the main cable-operated
bonnet lock is activated by
mistake: Choát an toaøn cuûa ca-poâ
xe(choáng môû)
z safety chains n. two, crossed
chains linking the trailer and
vehicle frame as a safeguard if the
towing hitch fails: Daây xích an
toaøn (giöõa ñaàu keùo vaø rô mooc)
z Safety Compliance
Certification (SCC) Label n.
US label which must be attached
to the lower half of the left-hand
front door lock facing; specifies
the VIN and other relevant
information: Nhaõn chöùng nhaän
an toaøn (daùn ôû döôùi kính beân
traùi)
z safety glass n. = LAMINATED
GLASS
z safety goggles n. closefitting
glasses or mask to protect the eyes
(e. g. during welding): Kính baûo
hoä (khi haøn)
safety harness
z safety harness n.= HARNESS
safety rim n. rim with small ridges
that hold the tyre beads on the
wheel during a tyre blow-out
(instant rupture and air loss) or flat
tyre (slow leak reducing inflation
pressure): Nieàng xe loaïi an toaøn
(nieàng coù ngaïnh ñeå giöõ meùp voû
khi bò noå hoaëc xeïp)
safety steering column n.
COLLAPSIBLE STEERING
COLUMN: Truï laùi xeáp laïi ñöôïc
z safety valve n. valve that
allows fluid to escape when a
certain pressure level has been
reached: Van an toaøn, van giaûm
aùp
z safety wheel n. general term
referring to either a wheel with a
safety bead seat or a wheel with
run flat properties: Baùnh xe loaïi
an toaøn (chaïy ñöôïc khi xeïp)
sag v. & n. (to) bend under weight or
pressure: Voõng xuoáng do troïng
löôïng hoaëc aùp suaát
sagging door n. a door that sits too
low in the door aperture: Söï voõng
xuoáng cuûa cöûa
sag or sagging n. (paint fault) an
aggravated condition of paint runs
where a curtain of paint runs down
vertical or inclined areas of
bodywork; caused by excessive
build-up of paint, thinners which
are too slow-acting, or excessively
slow movement of the spray gun:
Söï chaûy xuoáng cuûa lôùp sôn quaù
daøy.
SAI = STEERING AXIS
INCLINATION
SALA suspension n. = SHORT
sandwich construction
ARM / LONG ARM
SUSPENSION
saloon n. two- or four-door car with
seating for four or five people: Xe
oâtoâ mui kín 2 hoaëc 4 cöûa vôùi 4
hoaëc 5 choã
(NOTE: US English is sedan)
salt spray chamber n. test chamber
for salt spray (fog) testing: Buoàng
= phun muoái (thöû nghieäm xe)
sand v. to smooth or clean a surface
by rubbing with sandpaper: Chaø,
ñaùnh baèng giaáy nhaùm.
sandblasting n. cleaning a surface
with a jet of sand (or grit) under
air or steam pressure: Ñaùnh ræ seùt
baèng phöông phaùp thoåi caùt
z sander n. power-driven tool
with a rotating abrasive disc for
smoothing and cleaning surfaces:
Duïng cuï maøi baèng giaáy nhaùm
z sanding block n. rubber or
plastic block designed to accept
strips of sandpaper for manual
sanding: Ñóa cao su hoaëc nhöïa
ñeå quaán giaáy nhaùm khi maøi tay
z sandpaper n. abrasive paper
coated with sand for smoothing
and cleaning: Giaáy nhaùm
z sand scratching n. paint fault
characterized by the paint film
appearing low in gloss and
showing primer and metal
imperfections in the top coat; may
be caused by excessively coarse
sanding and too thin a paint coat:
veát xöôùc sôn
sandwich construction n. composite
construction of alloys, plastics
and other materials consisting of
a foam or honeycomb layer and
297
satellite
glued between two hard outer
sheets: Caáu truùc nhieàu lôùp vaät
lieäu khaùc nhau
(NOTE: also known as sandwich
laminate)
satellite n. block of controls near the
steering wheel rim: Toå hôïp coâng
taéc ñieàu khieån gaàn tay laùi
SBS = SEAT-INTEGRATED BELT
SYSTEM: Heä thoáng tích hôïp gheá
vôùi daây ñai an toaøn
scab corrosion n. scab-like corrosion
occurring along a scratch in a
coating: Lôùp vaûy xuaát hieän do aên
moøn theo veát traày sôn
scale n. solid layer of corrosion
products formed on metals at high
temperature: Lôùp gæ do nhieät ñoä
cao
z scale rust = loose, flaking rust:
Lôùp gæ daøy saép bong
scanimet n. nickel-silicon-carbide
coating for particularly wear-
resistant cylinder walls: Lôùp phuû
choáng moøn treân thaønh xi lanh
scavenge v. (two-stroke engine) to
clear away, particularly to expel
exhaust gas from a cylinder and to
fill the cylinder with fresh charge:
Queùt khí thaûi (trong ñoäng cô 2
kyø)
(NOTE: these processes take
place simultaneously in a two-
stroke engine)
scavenging jet n. the jet of fresh
charge supplied into the cylinder,
the shape and direction of which
determine the effectiveness of the
scavenging process: Loã queùt khí.
z scavenging losses n. if the
exhaust gases remain in the
cylinder, they prevent a full
298
SCC
charge of fresh mixture from
entering; the power output is thus
reduced: Söï maát coâng suaát do
queùt khoâng heát khí thaûi.
z scavenging passage n. the
passage inside a two-stroke
engine that serves to scavenge the
exhaust gas from the engine; in
most cases it refers to the transfer
passage, as the gas column
supplied across the transfer port
initiates the scavenging process:
Ñöôøng queùt khí chaùy trong ñoäng
cô hai kyø
z scavenging picture n. in
experimental two-stroke engine
development, a map of the
scavenging air velocity
distribution and the scavenging jet
orientation inside a cylinder: Bieåu
ñoà moâ taû vaän toác vaø höôùng phun
khí queùt.
z scavenging pump n. an oil
pump in a dry sump system which
returns oil from the crankcase to
the main oil reservoir: Bôm traû
nhôùt töø cacte sang bình chöùa
z scavenging system n. method
used to accomplish the charge-
changing process in a two-stroke
engine: Heä thoáng queùt khí chaùy
z scavenging valve n. in
evaporative emission control
systems, a valve in the purge line
between activated charcoal
canister and inlet manifold which
controls the purge air flow that
regenerates the charcoal: Van
giöõa baàu than huùt hôi xaêng vaø
oáng goùp huùt
SCC = SPARK CONTROL
COMPUTER: Maùy tính ñieàu
scissor jack
khieån heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
SCC= SAFETY COMPLIANCE
CERTIFICATION: Chöùng nhaän
coâng nhaän tính an toaøn.
scissor jack n. mechanical jack with
a scissors-like action: con ñoäi
kieåu keùo
scope n. (informal) oscilloscope:
Maùy hieän soùng dao ñoäng (dao
ñoäng kyù)
scored a. (e. g. brake disc)
scratched, grooved, or lined with
small cuts: Bò traày, xöôùc
scrap n. waste metal: Pheá lieäu, kim
loaïi vuïn
scraper ring n. = OIL SCRAPER
RING: Baïc (voøng gaêng), seùc
maêng nhôùt
scrapyard n. premises of a dealer in
scrap metal: Baõi pheá lieäu
screen v. to shield from electrical
interference: Baûo veä khoûi nhieãu
ñieän töø
screw n. threaded fastener, similar to
a bolt, but fully threaded and with
a slotted, hexagonal head, round
head, flat head, fillister head or
socket head and often a shank
which tapers to a point: Ñinh oác,
vít
screwdriver n. tool used for turning
screws; usually a wooden or
plastic handle with a thin shank
ending in a cross-cut or flattened
square-cut tip: Caây vaën vít, tuoâc
nô vit
screw extractor n. tool for removing
broken studs and screws, with a
tapered left-hand thread which is
screwed into a hole drilled in the
piece to be removed: Taroâ laáy vít
gaõy
299
scuttle panel
z screw pitch gauge n.
measuring tool used to idenify
thread sizes, featuring a selection
to determine screw pitch: Boä ño
böôùc ren.
scribe v. & n. (to) cut or scratch with
a pointed instrument, e. g. (in) a
painted surface, for testing
purposes or to mark the position of
a part: Keõ baèng muõi nhoïn treân
sôn ñeå kieåm tra hoaëc ñaùnh daáu
z scriber n. pointed steel hand
tool for marking metal: Muõi nhoïn
keû vaïch.
scrubbing n. heavy wear on a tyre
caused by sliding sideways across
the road surface, as when
skidding: Söï moøn voû xe do tröôït.
scrub radius n. (steering geometry)
geometric parameter: 'positive' if
the steering axis intersects the
wheel plane at or below ground
level, 'negative' if the point of
intersection is above ground level:
Baùn kính laên – khoaûng caùch giöõa
ñieåm caét truïc laùi vôùi maët phaúng
truï baùnh xe
scuff plate n. (i) generally, any
protective plate (ii) specifically,
the finishing trim on a door sill:
Taám kim loaïi baûo veä
z scuff rib n. raised rib on the
sidewall of a tyre to protect it
from impact with the kerb: Ñöôøng
gaân treân caïnh voû baûo veä noù khoûi
va chaïm maïnh vôùi bôø væa heø.
scuttle panel n. the body shell panel
directly below the front
windscreen; often incorporates the
air inlet slots for interior
ventilation: Phaàn khung döôùi
kính tröôùc
seal
(NOTE: US English is cowl)
seal 1 n. flexible ring, disc or washer
that prevents the passage of
liquid, air, gas or dirt: Voøng ñeäm
laøm kín, phôùt
2 v. (a) to prevent the passage of
liquid, air, gas, etc. by means of a
seal or sealant (e. g. on maens,
joints, flanges): Bòt kín baèng phôùt
(b) to coat a surface (e. g. when
undersealing a car) by closing the
pores of the anodic oxide layer in
order to increase the resistance to
staining and its effectiveness
against corrosion: Phuû caùc loã ñeå
choáng aên moøn
z sealant n. organic compounds
(such as wax, oil, grease) used to
protect seams or surfaces: Chaát
laøm kín, keo
(NOTE: also called sealer or
sealing compound)
sealed-beam headlight or unit n.
standard American headlamp
design; lens, filament and
reflector are sealed into one unit,
which eliminates reflector
corrosion but when a filament is
broken, a new sealed beam unit
must be installed: Ñeøn pha coù
choùa ñeøn, kieáng vaø tim ñeøn ñöôïc
cheá taïo chung trong moät baàu kín
z sealing strip n. gas seal to the
epitrochoidal surface in a rotary
piston engine, with the same
function as the piston ring on a
conventional piston engine: Ñeäm
kín ñænh píttoâng cuûa ñoäng cô
Wankel.
seam sealing n. the sealing of
seams, usually using organic
compounds, to prevent the
300
seating capacity
penetration of corrosive agents:
Söï laøm kín veát noái (ñeå choáng aên
moøn)
seat n. (a) the part of a vehivle on
which you sit: Gheá ngoài
(b) area into which another part
fits securely (such as the seal
between a sparking plug or valve
and the cylinder head): Beä, ñeá
seat adjuster n. knob or lever to
adjust the position of the front
seats: Nuùt hoaëc caàn ñieàu chænh
gheá
seat belt n. webbing belt, usually in
the form of a diagonal shoulder
belt and lap belt to restrain the
wearer in the event of a collision:
Daây ñai an toaøn
z seat belt anchorage = point
where the end of a seat belt is
attached to the body of a car:
Choát giöõ ñai an toaøn.
z seat belt tensioner = restraint
system controlled by deceleration
sensors: Boä caêng daây ñai an
toaøn.
z seat belt warning light = light
on the instrument panel which
illuminates if seat belts are not
properly secured: Ñeøn baùo daây
ñai an toaøn
z seating capacity n. the
number of people for which a car
is designed: Soá choã ngoài
z seat-integrated (seat) belt
system (SBS) n. seat belt with all
belt elements and deflection
points integrated in the seat; this
improves occupant restrain in
every seating position, but
particularly sturdy seats and
floorpans are required: Heä thoáng
seat rail
tích hôïp gheá vôùi daây ñai an toaøn.
z seat rail or seat runner n.
tracks onto which front seat
assemblies are mounted to
provide fore and aft seat
adjustment: Raõnh ñieàu chænh gheá
ngoài.
z seat rail console = mounting
panel for the seat rails, spot-
welded to the floorpan; the front
consoles are usually somewhat
higher than the rear ones to
produce the desired angle of the
seating surface: Ñeá baét gheá
z seat well n. sheet metal panel
to cover up the area below the car
seats, especially below the rear
seat bench: Taám kim loaïi döôùi
gheá sau
secondary air n. in some exhaust
emission control systems, e. g.
thermal reactor or two-bed
converter, secondary (outside) air
is added to the exhaust to ensure
sufficient supply of oxygen to
promote oxidation of HC and CO,
thus converting these pollutants
into harmless water vapour and
carbon dioxide: Khí thöù caáp (beân
ngoaøi) ñöôïc theâm vaøo khí thaûi
ñeå cung caáp ñuû oxi ñaåy maïnh
quaù trình oxi hoùa HC vaø CO.
z secondary battery n.
STORAGE BATTERY: Pin naïp
ñöôïc
z secondary braking system n.
HGV spring brake system which
exerts force when air pressure is
released: Heä thoáng phanh thöù
caáp
z secondary circuit n. circuit
which comprises the secondary
secondary winding
winding of the ignition coil, the
distributor, and the sparking plugs:
Maïch ñieän thöù caáp (ñaùnh löûa)
z secondary damage n. =
INDIRECT DAMAGE: Söï hö haïi
giaùn tieáp
z secondary key n. key which
only operates the locks needed for
valet parking, i. e. door locks,
ignition switch and steering
column lock; does not allow
access to boot, glove box, etc.:
Chìa khoùa phuï (môû caùc boä phaän
khaùc khoâng phaûi coâng taéc maùy)
z secondary pattern n.
oscilloscope pattern of the
secondary circuit: Kieåu dao ñoäng
cuûa maïch ñieän thöù caáp.
z secondary piston n. (in
tandem master cylinder) floating
piston which isolates the two
braking circuits from each other
and actuates the secondary circuit:
Pittoâng thöù caáp trong xylanh caùi
hai taàng.
z secondary pump n. oil pump
driven via the gearbox output
shaft: Bôm thöù caáp daãn ñoäng töø
truïc ra cuûa hoäp soá
z secondary seal n. secondary
piston seal in a tandem master
cylinder: Coupel pittoâng thöù
= caáp.
z secondary visor n. in dual
visor systems, the main visor is
moved sideways and the
secondary visor is flipped down,
thus shielding the driver from the
sun from both the front and side:
Taám che naéng phuï
z secondary winding n. inner
winding of the ignition coil;
301
second (gear)
typically 20,000 to 30,000 turns of
very fine wire: Cuoän thöù caáp
(ñaùnh löûa)
(NOTE: opposite is primary
winding)
second (gear) n. low gear used to
build up speed and for steep hills:
Soá 2
section repair n. an effective and
economical repair method where
extensive damage is confined to a
specific section of the body shell
and an undamaged section is
taken from a vehicle which has
been written off: Söï phaân vuøng
söûa chöõa thaân xe (laøm ñoàng)
sector shaft n. = ROCKER SHAFT:
Truïc reõ quaït trong hoäp cô caáu
laùi.
sedan n. US = SALOON: Xe oâtoâ mui
kín
seed n. (paint fault) a uniform
distribution of small particles of
regular size and pattern in a paint
film; caused by contamination of
the paint and poor filtration of the
air lines: Sôn bò noåi haït.
seize v. to become stuck; used of
moving parts, such as a piston, and
commonly caused by lack of
lubrication leading to overheating:
Keït kính, ruùp peâ (piston)
selective corrosion n. corrosion of
alloys whereby the components
react in proportions differing from
their proportions in the alloys: AÊn
moøn theo tyû leä trong hôïp kim
z selective transmission n.
transmission layout in which the
operator can select any ratio at
any time without having to shift
through a number of ratios in a
302
self-aligning torque
definite order: Hoäp soá khoâng qua
soá trung gian
selector fork n. part of the selector
mechanism of a manual gearbox,
shaped like a two-pronged fork,
which fits into the groove round a
coupling sleeve and moves a
sliding pinion forward or back
along a selector rod: Caøng cua
gaït soá trong hoäp soá
z selector lever n. (automatic
gearbox) lever which permits the
driver to adapt the gearchanging
processes to particular road or
driving conditions (slippery road
surface, hilly terrain, towing) by
choosing one of the drive ranges;
reverse, neutral, and parking lock
are also selected by means of the
selector lever: Caàn choïn soá.
z selector lever lock = locks the
selector lever in 'Neutral' or 'Park'
unless the dirver depresses the
brake pedal: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn
soá
z selector rod n. rod running the
length of the gearbox, along which
the selector fork travels: Caùp caøi
soá
self-adjusting a. of a mechanism that
adjusts itself to compensate for
wear or to maintain a certain
distance or level (as of heat): Töï
ñieàu chænh (theo ñoä moøn hoaëc
nhieät)
z self-aligning torque n. (of
tyres) the restoring force of a tyre
at the centre of the footprint when
subjected to a side force, as when
cornering; this attempt to reduce
the slip angle by the tyre makes
the steering feel heavy to
self-cancelling indicator
the driver: Hoaøn löïc khi xe quay
voøng.
z self-cancelling indicator n. all
modern direction indicators switch
off automatically when the
steering wheel is returned to the
straight-ahead position: Ñeøn baùo
reõ (xi nhan) töï taét khi xe chaïy
thaúng.
z self-centring (effect) n.
(steering geometry) the forces in
a steering system that set the front
wheels straight hen grip on the
steering wheel is released after
cornering: Löïc laøm tay laùi thaúng
sau khi oâm cua (quay voøng).
z self-cleaning n. the ability of a
sparking plug to burn off the
deposits of carbon and oil which
build up due to tracking across the
tip: Khaû naêng töï laøm saïch cuûa
bougie
z self-cleaning limit = the lower
limit of the self-cleaning
temperature, generally about
500°C: Giôùi haïn cuûa nhieät ñoä töï
laøm saïch
z self-diagnosis n. test function
in electronic enigne management
systems with a test programme
monitoring input and output
signals, detecting errors and
storing them permanently in a
fault memory: Söï töï chaån ñoaùn
z self-energizing see SERVO
BRAKE
z self-ignition n. (diesel engine)
ignition of the air/fuel mixture
caused by high pressure and
temperature: Söï töï chaùy (ñoäng cô
Diesel)
z self-induction n. this occurs
303
self-parking wiper
when the current in an inductive
circuit changes and the magnetic
field cuts the conductors; this
induced electromotive force
opposes the change in current,
restricting it if the current is
increasing and enhancing it if the
current is decreasing: Söï töï caûm
z self-induction back-voltage =
back-voltage produced by self-
induction: Söùc ñieän ñoäng töï
caûm.
z self-levelling shock absorber
n. = AIR SHOCK ABSORBER:
Boä giaûm xoùc khoâng khí
z self-levelling suspension
system = AUTOMATIC LEVEL
CONTROL (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
treo töï ñoäng
z self-levelling (suspension)
strut = suspension strut
incorporating a shock absorber
with a rubber boot filled with
compressed air, serving as an
auxiliary pneumatic spring:
Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo töï
caân baèng
z self-locking nut n. nut with a
nylon insert that binds on the
thread and resists vibration: Ñai
oác töï khoùa
z self-operating clutch n. =
CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH: Ly
hôïp ly taâm
z self-parking n. the ability of a
car to park automatically, without
any input from the driver;
introduced by the VW Futura in
1991: Heä thoáng töï ñoã xe
z self-parking wiper =
windscreen wiper that
automatically returns to the
self-priming pump
(horizontal) park position when
switched off: Söï töï ñoäng döøng
cuûa caàn gaït nöôùc (ñeå khoâng che
maét)
z self-priming pump n. pump
which is able to evacuate and
prime the suction pipe: Bôm töï
ñoäng moài nöôùc
(NOTE: opposite in nonself-
priming pump)
z self-regulating sheathed-type
glow plug n. originally sheathed-
type glow plugs with a self-
regulating heating coil, now with a
heating and regulating coil:
Bougie xoâng töï ñieàu chænh nhieät.
z self-starter n. = STARTER
MOTOR: Moâtô khôûi ñoäng ñoäng
cô
z self-tapping screw n. steel
screw which cuts its own thread
when screwed through a pilot hole
into sheet metal: Ñinh oác töï khoùa
sem n. a preassembled fastener,
consisting of any type of screw or
bolt, furnished with a toothed
washer: OÁc sieát coù loong ñeàn
raêng
semaphore indicator n. direction
indicator used before flashers
were introduced, consisting of a
lighted arrow that popped out
from the side of the car when the
turn indicators switch was
actuated: Loaïi ñeøn baùo reõ (xi-
nhan) kieåu cuõ
(NOTE: also called trafficator)
semi-active suspension n.
suspension whose characteristics
can be tuned to driving conditions,
such as by hydraulic adjustment of
spring supports plus electronic
304
semi-independent suspension
correction of the damping rate:
Heä thoáng treo ñieän töû
z semi-automatic transmission
n. transmission in which the
clutch is disengaged and re-
engaged automatically when the
driver actuates the gear lever:
Hoäp soá baùn töï ñoäng
z semiconductor n. solid
material such as silicon that has a
resistivity midway between that of
a conductor and a resistor, with
properties of both a conductor and
an insulator; used as substrates for
semiconductor devices such as
diodes, transistors, and integrated
circuits: Chaát baùn daãn
z semiconductor ignition system
= ignition system that uses
semiconductors for the swtching
operations: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
baùn daãn
z semi-elliptic leaf spring n.
leaf spring with a camber in the
form of one half of an ellipse: Laù
nhíp hình baùn elip
z semi-floating axle n. live rear
axle assembly in which the weight
of the vehicle is transferred from
the axle housing to the axle shaft,
usually by a bearing within the
housing, close to the wheel centre
plane; the end of the axle shaft
facing the differential is supported
by the differential bearings, i. e.
the axle shaft will carry rotational
as well as bending loads: Loaïi
caàu sau maø khoái löôïng xe truyeàn
töø voû caàu ñeán truïc qua voøng bi
z semi-independent suspension
n. rear axle design with a
torsionally flexible crossmember,
semi trailer
the wheels being located on
trailing links: Heä thoáng treo baùn
ñoäc laäp
z semi trailer n. type of trailer
that only has wheels at the rear,
the front being supported by the
towing vehicle: Rô mooc chæ coù
baùnh sau
Sendzimir process n. continuous
strip galvanizing process, named
after its inventor: Qui trình maï
ñieän Sendzimir
sensor n. any device that receives
and reacts to a signal, such as a
change in voltage, temperature or
pressure: Caûm bieán
z sensor flap = part of an airflow
sensor which serves as a measure
for the induced air volume; a
potentiometer converts sensor flap
movement into changes in
electrical voltage, a form in which
these signals can be evaluated by
the fuel injection control unit:
Caùnh tröôït trong caûm bieán ño
gioù caùnh tröôït
z sensor plate = plate in the
mixture control unit of a CIS,
attached to a lever that operates
the control plunger in the fuel
distributor; the sensor plate
position is governed by the
amount of air admitted to the
engine via the throttle valve and
auxiliary air regulator: Caùnh ño
gioù trong heä thoáng phun xaêng
kieåu K.
separate-application adhesive n.
adhesive consisting of two parts;
one part being applied to one face
and the other part to the other face
and the two faces brought together
305
sequential fuel injection (SFI)
to form a joint: Keo daùn 2 maët
z separate chassis n. the
traditional body and frame design
before the introduction of unitary
construction; the body was
lowered onto the chassis and
bolted toit: Khung gaàm loaïi taùch
rôøi.
z separate lubrication n.
engine lubrication principle
whereby the oil is no longer
mixed with the fuel, but is fed by
a metering pump from a separate
oil tank to the engine components
to be lubricated: Söï boâi trôn ñoäc
laäp (khoâng pha nhôùt vaøo xaêng).
(NOTE: opposite is petrol
lubrication)
z separation n. after long
storage, liquid ingredients of
paints and fillers may separate in
the can on top of the material; in
most cases, this can be overcome
by stirring the contents of the can
thoroughly before use: sôn bò laéng
z separation line n. =
CUTTING LINE: Ñöôøng caét.
z separator n. (a) generally,
anything that physically separates
one part from another: Thieát bò,
vaät caùch ly
(b) (of lead-acid battery) plates
of insulating material which
physically separate the positive
plates from the negative plates:
Taám caùch ñieän (aéc quy)
(c) a filter or trap: Loïc
sequential fuel injection (SFI) n.
fuel injection system in which
bursts of petrol are sprayed into
the inlet ports by injectors at timed
intervals: Heä thoáng phun nhieân
series
lieäu tuaàn töï (ñoäc laäp)
(NOTE: also called timed fuel
injection)
z sequential spark n.
FOLLOW-UP SPARK
series n. two or more components
connected in a circuit so that the
same current flows in turn through
each of them: Noái tieáp (maïch
ñieän)
(NOTE: opposite is parallel)
z series circuit = circuit with two
or more resistance units so wired
that current must pass through one
unit before reaching the other:
Maïch ñieän noái tieáp
serrated shaft n. shaft with V-
shaped grooves: Truïc then hoa
serration n. series of teeth on an
edge (as on a saw): Ñöôøng raêng
cöa
service 1 n. periodic overhaul,
usually carried out by a garage;
includes changing the oil and oil
filter, checking the brakes, tyres,
ignition (usually changing the
sparking plugs), electrical, fuel
and cooling systems, and taking
the vehicle on a test run to check
the steering, suspension, and
transmission systems as well as
the performance of the engine and
brakes: Vieäc baûo döôõng ñònh kyø
2 v. to carry out a service on a
vehicle: Baûo döôõng
z service brake n. foot-operated
brake used for retarding, stopping
and controlling the vehicle during
normal driving conditions: Phanh
chaân
z service interval n. the time or
mileage between services (e. g.
setting
12 months or 10,000 miles,
whichever should come sooner):
Khoaûng thôøi gian giöõa 2 laàn baûo
= döôõng
z service life n. the length of
time a component or system will
remain reliable and safe: Tuoåi
thoï maùy moùc
z servicing n. carrying out a
service: Söï baûo döôõng
servo n. (informal) =
SERVOMECHANISM
z servo-assisted a. = POWER-
ASSISTED: Trôï löïc
z servo brake n. a drum brake
in which the shoes are arranged so
that one shoe helps to apply the
other, to create a self-energizing
effect in both shoes: Phanh troáng
vôùi tang naøy ñaåy tang kia
z servomechanism n. device
that provides power assistance to
operate a control (e. g. a brake or
clutch): Cô caáu trôï löïc.
z servo motor n. small electric
motor that supplies power to a
servomechanism: Moâ tô trôï löïc
set v. (a) to adjust to a standard:
Ñieàu chænh
(b) (e. g. body filler) to harden:
Laøm cho cöùng
setscrew n. fully threaded bolt with a
parallel shaft, used to secure
metal parts together (such as a hub
or wheel to a shaft); can have a
variety of heads, the most
common being hexagonal, round
or countersunk: Ñinh oác haõm, giöõ
setting n. (a) adjustment: Söï ñieàu
chænh
(b) (e. g. body filler) hardening:
Söï cöùng laïi cuûa ma tít
306
settle
settle v. to sink to the bottom (of a
liquid): Laéng xuoáng (cuûa chaát
loûng).
SFC = SPECIFIC FUEL
CONSUMPTION: Möùc tieâu haoï
nhieân lieäu rieâng.
SFI = SEQUENTIAL FUEL
INJECTION: Söï phun nhieân lieäu
tuaàn töï
shackle n. pivoting link between the
rear end of a leaf spring and the
bodywork or chassis, which moves
as the length of the spring varies:
Voøng keïp nhíp xe
z windscreen shackle = shared components are body
SUNSHIELD: Taám che naéng
shaft n. round bar which transmits
turning power from one part to
another: Truïc
z shaft distributor = distributor
whose drive shaft projects into the
engine; the shaft is driven via a
gearing system or a coupling: Boä
chia ñieän coù truïc daøi.
(NOTE: opposite is short-type
distributor)
z shaft seal = seal used to
prevent leaks between stationary
parts and rotating shafts and to
exclude foreign matter: Phoát laøm
kín truïc
z shaft sleeve = sleeve which
protects a shaft from erosion,
corrosion, and wear at shaft seals:
OÁng boïc ngoaøi truïc, chuïp buïi
shallow pits n. corrosion in the form
of pits whose diameter is
substantially larger than their
depth: Veát gæ caïn.
shammy leather : Da thuoäc.
shank n. (a) the part of a bolt
between the head and the thread:
307
sheathed-type glow plug
Phaàn khoâng coù ren treân thaân bu
loâng
(b) the part of a bit which is held
in the drill: Ñaàu gaén löôõi khoan
z shank length = (of bolts) the
distance from the last full form
thread to the bearing face: Chieàu
daøi phaàn thaân bu loâng khoâng
laøm ren
shared component n. parts or
components which are identical in
various models of a car family,
such as those used on a saloon and
its convertible derivative; typical
panels, suspension components,
brakes: Nhöõng phuï tuøng duøng
chung ñöôïc treân caùc ñôøi xe khaùc
nhau.
shaving (the body) n. custom car
modification to remove all chrome
parts at the front or rear end to
achieve smooth contours
highlighted only by the paint and
the body modifications; in most
cases, only a side chrome strip is
retained: Toâ xe, veõ trang trí xe
(NOTE: also called nosing or
decking)
shear v. to distort or fracture as a
result of excess torsion or
transverse load: Bieán daïng (gaõy
ñöùt) do xoaén
z shear (head) bolt n. bolt
whose head may (intentionally) be
sheared off to make extraction
difficult: Söï bieán daïng ñaàu bu-
loâng
sheathed-type glow plug n. single-
pole glow plug having a tubular
heating element with a heating
coil or a heating and regulator coil
sheath flame
enclosed in a thermally
conductive insulator ceramic:
bougie xoâng 1 cöïc
z sheath flame n. the outer area
of an oxyacetylene flame
surrounding the inner cone and the
flame feather: Phaàn ngoaøi ngoïn
löûa haøn.
sheet metal n. metal (steel) in the
form of a thin sheet (pressed to
form car body panels): Taám kim
loaïi
z sheet metal blank = a flat
sheet metal panel as supplied by
the trade; used to make repair
panels for various body repair
purposes: taám kim loaïi ñeå vaù
thuøng xe
z sheet metal clamp = lock-grip
pliers with wide, flat jaws used to
locate sheet metal parts for
welding or to bend small sheet
metal parts along the edges of the
jaws: keàm keïp taám kim loaïi ñeå
haøn
(NOTE: when used for bending
sheet metal, may also be referred
to as bending pliers)
z sheet metal cutter = any tool
used to cut sheet metal: Maùy caét
taám kim loaïi
z sheet metal folder = machine
used to bend sheet metal along a
predetermined line using
mechanical force: Duïng cuï uoán,
gaáp meùp taám kim loaïi
z sheet metal remains = a strip
of metal left on the edges after the
bulk of a panel has been cut out;
this strip is then removed carefully
to ensure that the flanges to avoid
308
shifting
cutting out excessive material:
Phaàn coøn laïi cuûa caùc taám kim
loaïi sau khi caét khung
z sheet metal roller = large
machine to curve or roll metal in a
single plane: Maùy caùn taám kim
loaïi
sheet wheel n.wheel made aluminium
sheet material: Baùnh xe ñöôïc cheá
taïo töø vaät lieäu nhoâm taám
sheet panel n. a deep-drawn steel
panel fitted horizontally behind
the rear seat back-rest of
notchback saloons to support the
plastic or foam moulding that
makes up the rear shelf, visible
from the outside: Taám kim loaïi
phía sau gheá sau.
shell n. structural case or housing: Voû
cuûa boä phaän naøo ñoù.
z shell bearing n. type of
bearing used for main bearings
and big-end bearings, consisting
of a circular housing which can be
divided into two halves, and which
encloses a pair of bearing shells:
Baïc loùt 2 nöûa (coát maùy)
sherardizing n. coating iron objects
with zinc powder by tumbling in
powdered zinc at about 250-
375°C: Söï traùng keõm, maï keõm.
shield(ing) n. = SCREEN(ING)
shift v. US to change gear: Thay ñoåi
soá
z shifter n. US gear or selector
lever : Tay gaït soá
z shift(er) fork = selector fork:
Caàn sang soá
z shifting n. US =
GEARCHANGE: Sang soá
z shift interlock n. US device
shift lever
which prevents different shift
forks in the transmission from
being moved at the same time, by
locking into the inoperative shift
fork as the other is being moved; a
gearchange cannot be made
unless the inoperative shift fork is
in its neutral position: Khoùa caøng
sang soá
z shift lever n. (a) US = GEAR
LEVER
(b) (inside an automatic
gearbox) lever which connects
the selector lever cable to the
manual valve of the control valve
body: Caàn choïn soá.
(c) component used in pre-
engaged starter motors to force
the pinion against the flywheel
ring gear: Caàn ñaåy trong rô le
gaøi khôùp maùy khôûi ñoäng
z shift lock n. (automatic
gearbox) = SELECTOR LEVER
LOCK: Caùi khoùa caàn choïn soá (töï
ñoäng)
z shift valve n. US = CHANGE
VALVE: Van ñoåi soá
shim 1 n. (a) thin packing strip (e. g.
between wishbone and frame):
Mieáng vieàn moûng
(b) (valve clearance) a spacer
required for the adjustment of
valve clearance in OHC- or
DOHC-engines equipped with
tappets: Mieáng cheâm suù paùp
2 v. to modify by the use of
shims: Cheâm, cheøn baèng ñeäm
shimmy n. rapid side-to-side
vibration of the front wheels: Söï
ñaûo baùnh tröôùc
shim pliers n. = VALVE SHIM
PLIERS: Caùi kìm thaùo laép mieáng
309
short circuit
cheâm suù paùp
shock absorber or (informal) shock
n. any device designed to absorb
mechanical shock but especially
the spring damper in a vehicle
suspension system: Boä giaûm chaán
z shock absorber tower = sheet
metal panel of hollowed or box-
section design that is spot-welded
to the body and serves as an
anchoring point for the top shock
absorber mount: UÏ treân boä giaûm
chaán
shopping car n. similar to a city car,
may be even smaller: Xe nhoû
shop primer n. coating which
temporarily protects a work from
corrosion, e. g. during shipment:
Phuû saùp ñeå choáng aên moøn khi
vaän chuyeån xe baèng ñöôøng thuyû
shore hardness (test) n. test method
for the determination of
indentation hardness of nonrigid
plastics: Phöông phaùp kieåm tra
ñoä cöùng nhöïa
short arm/ long arm (SALA)
suspension n. = UNEQUAL-
LENGTH WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo
ñoøn ngaén/ñoøn daøi
short block n. engine block complete
with crankshaft and piston
assemblies but without external
parts such as head, sump, oil or
fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng cô
goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc
khuyûu.
z short block engine = engine
with a relatively short crankshaft:
Ñoäng cô coù truïc khuyûu ngaén.
(NOTE: opposite is long block)
short circuit n. electrical fault
short circuiting
whereby the current bypasses part
of the circuit and finds a path of
low resistance through which an
excessive current can flow,
causing a fuse to blow, wiring to
be overloaded or a flat battery:
Ñoaûn maïch, ngaén maïch
z short circuit between the
plates = undesirable electrically
conductive connection between
positive and negative plates
within a battery cell; makes
battery inoperative: Söï chaäp
maïch giöõa hai baûn cöïc aéc quy
z short circuiting n. occurs
during the scavenging process of a
two-stroke engine when some of
the fresh mixture entering the
cylinder may flow across the
cylinder and escape via the
exhaust ports without producing
any scavenging effect: Söï loït khí
trong quaù trình queùt khí ôû ñoäng
cô hai kyø.
z short engine n. fully
reconditioned engine but without
external parts such as head, sump,
oil or fuel pump, etc.: Khoái ñoäng
cô goàm pittoâng, xy lanh, truïc
khuyûu vöøa ñaïi tu.
z short stroke engine n.
reciprocating piston engine whose
bore diameter is larger than the
stroke; a relatively short stroke
improves high-end revving ability
at the cost of low-end torque:
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình pittoâng
ngaén
(NOTE: opposite is long stroke
engine)
z short-type distributor n.
distributor without a drive shaft;
310
SID
the drive coupling is located
directly at the base of the ignition
distributor housing: Boä chia ñieän
kieåu ngaén (khoâng coù truïc daãn
ñoäng)
(NOTE: opposite is shaft
distributor)
shoulder n. the part of a tyre
between the tread and the
sidewall: Hoâng voû xe
shrink-fit v. to achieve an extremely
close fit, by either expanding the
external part by heating, or
contracting the internal part by
cooling, so that when the parts
return to normal temperature they
fit tightly together: Laép noùng
hoaëc laïnh
shrinking n. body repair technique
used to repair locally stretched
areas by using heat or special
body hammers: Kyõ thuaät laøm
ñoàng thaân xe.
shunt (informal) 1 v. to crash: Ñaâm
saàm vaøo
z shunt firing or shunting n.
(sparking plug) short circuit at the
firing end, caused by electrically
conductive deposits: Roø ñaùnh löûa
do muoäi than.
shut line n. line between a closed
door and the bodywork: Khe hôû
giöõa cöûa vaø thaân xe.
shutter (blade) n. curved metal vane
of a Hall generator: Caùnh chaén
cuûa caûm bieán Hall
shuttle valve n. valve in which the
actuating member shuttles back
and forth: Van con thoi
SI = SPARK IGNITION: Söï ñaùnh
löûa baèng tia löûa (cöôõng böùc)
SID = SIDE IMPACT DUMMY:
side bumper panels
Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va
chaïm beân hoâng.
z side bumper panels n. large
plastic body side mouldings
attached to the lower body sides
which protect the body against
road debris, road salt corrosion
and mechanical impact: Taám caûn
beân hoâng.
(NOTE: introduced on Mercedes-
Benz cars by chief designer Bruno
Sacco, thus also called Sacco
panels)
sidedraught carburettor n.
carburettor with a horizontal
barrel so that the air intake is at
the side: Boä cheá hoøa khí huùt
ngang
z side electrode n. earth
electrode at the side of the
threaded part of a sparking plug
shell: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie
z side flasher n. small (amber)
direction indicator located in the
side of the frontwings: Ñeøn baùo
reõ xi nhan beân hoâng xe
z side gear n. = z side scoop n. air intake for the
DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR
z side impact bar n. longitudinal
reinforcing beam in a car door,
designed to withstand side impact:
Taám baûo veä beân hoâng
z side impact dummy (SID) =
dummy developed to investigate
the effects of side impact crashes:
Ngöôøi noäm ñeå kieåm tra söï va
chaïm beân hoâng.
z sidelamp n. = SIDELIGHT
z side-lift jack n. = TOWER
JACK: Con ñoäi daïng thaùp (ñoäi
cheát)
z sidelight n. low-intensity white
311
side step
front lamp, often incorporated in
the headlamp: Ñeøn nhoû trong
ñeøn ñaàu
z side marker light/lamp n. low-
intensity lamp mounted on the
side of a vehicle to indicate its
presence when seen side-on: Ñeøn
baùo beân hoâng (baùo kích thöôùc
xe)
z side member n.box-section
member inboard of the outer sill
that often runs from the front to
the rear of the car and provides
reinforcement of both sides of the
floorpan: Thanh doïc söôøn xe
z side pipe n. exhaust pipe
running along the side of the car:
OÁng poâ doïc hoâng xe.
z side radiator guard n.
moulded cover panel fitted to the
sides of the radiator to protect it
from water splashes: Taám chaén
beân hoâng keùt nöôùc
z side rail n.= SIDE MEMBER
z side rod n. = TIE ROD: Thanh
laùi, roâ tuyn
engine and/or for cooling on mid-
engine or rear-engine cars;
typically found on sports cars such
as the Ferrari range: Khí naïp cho
ñoäng cô ôû giöõa hoaëc sau xe.
z side shaft n. = AXLE SHAFT
z side shake n. = END PLAY
z side shift n. damage to the
frame when the vehicle has been
hit from the side: Söï bieán daïng
phaàn beân hoâng (do bò ñuïng beân
hoâng).
z side step n. (commercial
vehicles) step plate below the
doors to facilitate entry into the
sideswipe
relatively high cabin: Baäc böôùc
leân xe
z sideswipe n. body damage
caused by the car hitting an
obstacle at an acute angle, causing
the panels to be dented over a
relatively large area: Söï hö hoûng
beân hoâng xe khi ñuïng vaøo
chöôùng ngaïi vaät theo höôùng
nghieâng.
z side-valve (SV) engine n.
engine with the valves to the side
of the cylinders: Ñoäng cô vôùi xuù
paùp ñaët beân hoâng xylanh.
z sidewall n. (a) side of a tyre
between the bead and the edge of
the tread: Caïnh voû xe.
(b)vertical part of the box section
of a side member: Caïnh beân cuûa
thanh doïc khung xe.
SI engine n. spark ignition engine or
petrol engine: internal combustion
engine of the reciprocating type in
which an air/ fuel mixture is
compressed and then ignited by an
electric spark: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa
cöôõng böùc
sight glass n. viewing glass or window
set in the refrigerant pipe of a
car's air-conditioning system,
usually in the top of the receiver-
drier, which allows a visual check
of the refrigerant passing from the
receiver to the evaporator: Cöûa
kính xem tình traïng ga laïnh treân
loïc ga
(NOTE: the fluid should be clear
and free of foam)
z sighting point gauge n. device
incorporating a sighting pin, used
to measure car bodies for
misalignment: Thieát bò ño ñoä leäch
312
silicon
thaân xe
silencer n. (a) (exhaust system)
device through which the exhaust
gases pass and which reduces
exhaust noise: OÁng giaûm thanh,
oáng poâ
(NOTE: US English is muffler)
(b) (air duct) device in an air-
conditioning system designed to
minimize pumping sounds from
the compressor: Giaûm aâm cho
maùy neùn trong heä thoáng ñieàu
hoaø nhieät ñoä
z silencer shaft n. = BALANCE
SHAFT
z silencer-tailpipe tool n. (i)
chisel-type tool with several
cutting edges to cut silencer
sleeves without damaging
tailpipes; (ii) L-shaped tool whose
short end is sriven between the
silencer and tailpipe to break the
bond: Duïng cuï caét voû oáng boâ
silent chain n.chain with V-shaped
teeth: Loaïi daây xích coù raêng chöõ
V
silica n. common mineral (silicon
dioxide) found as sand, quartz,
etc. , used in the manufacture of
glass, ceramics and abrasives:
Caùt traéng (Silic ñioxyt)
z silica gel = form of silica
capable of absorbing large
quantities of water, used to keep
electronic apparatus, etc. , dry:
Chaát huùt aåm
z silica sand = form of silica used
for sherardizing or mechanical
plating: Caùt duøng khi maï
zsilicon n.non-metallic chemical
element occurring in several
forms (principally sand and rock),
silicon carbide
used in the manufacture of glass
and steel (as well as transistors
etc.): Silic (hoùa hoïc)
z silicon carbide = material of
excellent abrasion and corrion
resistance used in bearings and
mechanical seals: cacbua silic
(thöôøng duøng trong baïc ñaïn)
z silicone n. a silicon compound
with high resistance to heat, water
and chemicals, and with good
insulating and lubricating
properties; used in oils, polishes,
sealant, etc.: Keo silicon
z silicon brake fluid = brake
fluid with does not absorb water:
Daàu phanh silicon (khoâng huùt
nöôùc)
z silicon-rubber sealant = semi-
liquid sealant which is proof
against oil and water but not
petrol: Chaát bòt kín baèng cao su
silicon (cho nöôùc, nhôùt)
(NOTE: also called RTV sealant)
sill n. (a) longitudinal box-section
member of the body shell at floor
level, located below the doors (b)
box-section crossmember just
below the loweredge of the
bootlid (when closed): Caùi
ngöôõng cöûa.
sillment seal n. (sparking plug) gas-
tight seal between centre
electrode and insulation and
between insulation and shell.
Sillment: Ñeäm kín giöõa söù caùch
ñieän vaø ñieän cöïc giöõa bougie
silver-plating n. electrolytic
deposition of silver: Maï baïc
simplex chain n. chain with only one
row of rollers: Xích ñôn
Simpson (planetary) gear set n.
313
single-cut file
consists of two simple planetary
gear sets with a common sun gear
and internal dears of different ;the
planet carrier of one set isfixed to
the internal gear of the other set:
Cuïm baùnh raêng haønh tinh
Simpson
z single-bed 3-way catalytic
converter n. converter for the
control of HC, CO, and NOx
emissions, consisting of one three-
way catalyst; in combination with
an oxygen sensor, this type of
converter ueilds the lowest
emission values: Boä xuùc taùc ba
taùc duïng
z single-bed oxidizing converter
= converter with one catalyst bed
for HC and CO control: Boä xuùc
taùc moät taùc duïng
z single-circuit braking system
n. old form of hydraulic braking
system in which a single circuit
serves all four brakes: Heä thoáng
phanh moät maïch daàu
(NOTE: not to be confused with
single-line braking system)
z single-coil twin ignition n. in
the early days of straight eight
engines, a distributor with two sets
of contact points, firing
alternately: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
coù boä chia ñieän vôùi hai vít löûa.
z single-connector system n.
electrical circuit, where only one
conductor is laid from the voltage
source to the load; return is
realized via the vehicle body: Heä
thoáng ñieän moät daây (duøng söôøn
xe laøm daây daãn chung)
z single-cut file n. file with
teeth in one direction only, used
single-cylinder engine
for filing soft material: Giuõa coù
raêng theo moät höôùng.
z single-cylinder engine n. not
used on cars but typical for small
motorbikes, motocross bikes, and
go-carts: Ñoäng cô moät xy lanh
z single-decker bus n. bus with
one storey or deck: Xe buyùt moät
taàng
z single-grade (engine) oil n. oil
suitable for use within a narrow
temperature range; outside this
range, its flow characteristics will
not allow adequate lubrication:
Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp
z single-leaf spring n. single
element suspension spring in the
form of a flexible beam: Nhíp
ñôn.
z single-line braking system n.
braking system in which a single
line is used to connect towing
vehicle and trailer: Heä thoáng
phanh moät maïch daàu
(NOTE: not to be confused with
single-circuit braking system)
z single overhead camshaft
(sohc or SOHC) n. in a typical
sohc engine, the camshaft is
located between the valves and is
driven by a chain from the
crankshaft; the valves are
normally opened via short roker
arms: Ñoäng cô coù moät truïc cam
treân naép maùy
z single-piece rim/wheel n. =
ONE-PIECE RIM/WHEEL:
Nieàng xe / baùnh xe lieàn
z single-pivot steering n.
steering in which a beam axle is
pivoted at its midpoint; rare
except on horse-drawn vehicles
314
sink in
and trailers: Heä thoáng laùi moät
truïc ñöùng
z single-plate clutch n. normal
type of clutch, with one driven
plate; usually dry (i. e. without
oil): Ly hôïp moät ñóa (thöôøng laø
loaïi khoâ)
z single point injection (SPI) n.
petrol fuel-injection system which
sprays fuel under pressure into the
intake air at one place, usually the
throttle body on the inlet
manifold; it is less complicated
than a multi-point injection system
but achieves better carburation
than a carburettor: Heä thoáng
phun ñôn ñieåm
z single roller chain n. =
SIMPLEX CHAIN: Xích con laên
ñôn
z single-spark ignition coil n. in
a distributorless ignition system
with an odd number of cylinders,
each cylinder requires its own
ignition coil; distributor logic on
the low-voltage side performs the
voltage distribution to each coil:
Boâbin ñôn
z single-tube shock absorber n.
common type of shock absorber
with the working cylinder and
reservoir contained in one tube:
Boä giaûm chaán moät oáng
z single-wheel suspension n. =
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:
Heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
sink in v. a tendency of a hardened
filler to settle excessively, making
the feather edges of the filled area
stand out on the painted surface:
Hieän töôïng ma tít troài ra ngoaøi
vuøng sôn (sôn)
SIR
sinter v. to manufacture parts
from powdered metals by heating
or pressure or both: Saûn xuaát chi
tieát töø boät kim loaïi
SIR = SUPPLEMENTARY
INFLATABLE RESTRAINT
six-cylinder engine n. engine with
six cylinders; may be in-line (a
straight six) or in a V-layout (a V-
6): Ñoäng cô saùu xy lanh
z six-light saloon n. old
designation of a four-door body
style that features another small
quarter window behind the rear
side doors, resulting in three side
windows per side or six windows
overall: OÂ toâ mui kín saùu cöûa
z sixteen valve (16V) engine n.
a four-cylinder engine with four
valves to each cylinder: Ñoäng cô
16 suù paùp
size marking n. first part of a tyre
marking moulded on the sidewall,
giving the tyre's width in
millimetres: Beà roäng voû xe ghi
beân hoâng voû
skeleton construction n. modern
construction layout of the unitary
type, using a skeleton-like
assembly as the main structural
member, thus relieving stress
from the body sheet metal: moâ
hình khung nguyeân khoái (ñeå
giaûm öùng suaát).
skid 1 v. (i) to slide sideways (often
out of control) (ii) to slide in a
straight line (as after sudden
braking with, maybe, locked
brakes): Tröôït
2 n. the action or result of
skidding: Söï tröôït
z skid mark = the mark left on
315
sleeve
the road surface by the tyres, as a
result of emergency braking: Veát
tröôït baùnh xe treân ñöôøng khi
phanh gaáp
z skid pan or US skid pad n.
large paved area, usually circular
and with various circles painted on
it, made deliberately slippery so it
may be used to practise
controlling skids, lateral
acceleration tests, etc.: Khoaûnh
ñaát taäp tröôït (daønh cho nhöõng
ngöôøi laùi xe coù theå taäp xöû lyù
nhöõng tröôït xe) khi tröôït
z skid plate n. = SUMP GUARD
skin n. the outer covering surface of
a vehicle: Lôùp sôn ngoaøi (xe)
skirt: Phaàn thaân döôùi
skylight n. pop-up window in the roof
of a caravan: Cöûa soå ôû mui xe
slant engine n.= INCLINED ENGINE
SLA suspension n. = SHORT
ARM/LONG ARM SUSPENSION
slatted grille n. aerodynamic radiator
grille developed by Ford in 1976:
Keùt nöôùc khí ñoäng hoïc
slave con rod n. connecting rod of
two-stroke dual piston engines
which is articulated on the master
con rod, not directly on the
crankpin: Thanh truyeàn phuï
(trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø piston ñoâi)
z slave cylinder n. small cylinder
containing a piston which, under
hydraulic pressure from a master
cylinder, operates the brake shoes
or pads in hydraulic brakes or
the working part in any other
hydraulically operated system
(such as clutch slave cylinder): Xy
lanh con (phanh, ly hôïp)ï
sleeve n. (a) tube fitted
sleeve bearing
externally over two cylindrical
parts in order to joint them: OÁng
boïc ngoaøi ñeå noái 2 oáng
(b) = CYLINDER LINER: OÁng
loùt xy lanh
z sleeve bearing n. any bearing
of tubular or sleeve-like
contruction: baïc loùt daïng oáng
slide carburettor n.type of carburettor
often used in two-stroke
motocycle engines, in which a
slide valve modifies the venturi of
the carburettor: Boä cheá hoøa khí
coù van tröôït (ñoäng cô 2 kyø).
z slide hammer n. tool with a
long round shaft on which a
hammer weight slides; the force
produced by quickly moving the
weight towards the end of the
shaft is used for loosening or
pulling off tight parts; often used
in combination with pullers: Buùa
tröôït.
z slide valve n. valve that slides
across an aperture to expose the
port or opening: Van tröôït.
sliding-caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding
caliper: (i) (caliper floats on
caliper frame grooves) major
components are: caliper (a casting
with one cylinder and piston),
caliper frame (casting); the caliper
floats on 'ways' in the frame, and
the caliper frame is bolted to the
suspension; (ii) (caliper floats on
carliper locating pins) = PIN
SLIDER CALIPER DISC
BRAKE; (iii) (with mounting
frame) = FLOATING-FRAME
DISC BRAKE: Boä keïp phanh ñóa
316
sliding side window
di ñoäng.
sliding contacts n. (ignition)
assembly developed by Lucas,
that causes the moving contact to
slide vertically across the face of
the fixed contact when the spark is
advanced: vít löûa tröôït (heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa Lucas)
z sliding friction n. frictional
resistance to relative movement of
surfaces on loaded contact: Ma
saùt tröôït.
z sliding joint or US slip joint or
plunging joint n. connection in the
drive train, of variable length,
which permits the drive shaft to
change its effective length: Khôùp
noái tröôït.
zsliding-mesh gearbox n.
obsolete type of gearbox in which
the gears on the layshaft are fixed
to the shaft rigidly, whereas the
gears on the main shaft can slide
on it by means of splines but are
otherwise in permanent rotational
mesh with the shaft: Hoäp soá caøi
soá baèng khôùp tröôït.
z sliding-pillar suspension n.
once popular front suspension
layout, incorporated for example
in Lancia and Morgan cars, in
which a carrier-mounted stub axle
slides up and down a vertical
pillar with enclosed coil springs
providing the suspension; less
sophisticated versions were used
in several pre-war cycle cars: Heä
thoáng treo coù truï tröôït
z sliding side window n. window
style of classic roadsters,
consisting of aluminium frames
sliding-vane pump
with tracks for two sliding window
panels made of clear Plexiglas,
and with draught seals; on some
ears, also furnished withflaps:
Loaïi cöûa hoâng tröôït.
sliding-vane pump n. positive
displacement pump in which an
eccentric rotor revolves in an
eccentric or circular case: Bôm
caùnh tröôït (roâto leïch taâm)
sliding weight n. functional part of a
sliding hammer that provides the
inertia required for the pulling
force: Quaû tröôït (buùa)
slip n. relative motion between
driving and driven parts: Söï tröôït
z slip angle n. angular
difference between the direction
in which a tyre is effectively
rolling and the wheel plane: Goùc
tröôït
z slip friction n. = SLIDING
FRICTION: Ma saùt tröôït
z slip joint n. (a) US = SLIDING
JOINT (b) connection in an
exhaust pipe: Khôùp noái tröôït
slip ring n. in an alternator, the rings
that form a rotating connection
between the armature windings
and the brushes: Voøng tieáp ñieän
(maùy phaùt)
z slip-ring end bracket = cover
housing the bearing at the slip-
ring end of an alternator: mieáng
chaën oå bi (phía voøng tieáp ñieän)
(NOTE: opposite is drive end
bracket)
slip roll n. = SHEET METAL
ROLLER
slip stream 1 n. stream of air behind
a moving vehicle: Luoàng khoâng
khí ñaèng sau xe ñang chuyeån
317
sludge
ñoäng
2 v. to drive closely behind
another vehicle in order to benefit
from the decreased wind
resistance immediately behind it:
chaïy sau xe khaùc ñeå ít bò caûn gioù
slip the clutch v. to operate the
clutch so that it partially
disengages, as when keeping up
the revs when driving off; causes
wear on the clutch: Raø ly hôïp.
sloper n. (informal) = INCLINED
ENGINE
sloping headlamp n. old headlamp
type used on the VW Beetle prior
to 1967: Ñeøn pha nghieâng
slot n. a narrow channel or aperture,
especially the groove in the head
of a screw which receives the tip
of the blade of a screwdriver:
Raõnh, ñaàu vít (vít deïp)
z slotted piston n. = SPLIT
SKIRT PISTON
slow charging n. (battery) charging
using a charging current which
corresponds to 10% of the battery
capacity: Söï naïp ñieän chaäm (aéc
quy)
SLOW DOWN indicator n. indicator
light in the instrument panel that
warns the driver to slow down in
the event of excessive catalytic
converter temperature: Ñeøn treân
tableau baùo taøi xeá chaïy chaäm laïi
khi nhieät ñoä cuûa boä xuùc taùc quaù
cao.
slow-running n. = IDLING
sludge n. = OIL SLUDGE
sluggish a. unresponsive; functioning
at below normal rate or level:
Hoaït ñoäng döôùi möùc bình
thöôøng
slushbox
slushbox n. (informal)
AUTOMATIC GEARBOX: Hoäp
soá töï ñoäng
slush moulding n. thermoplastic
casting in which a liquid resin is
poured into a hot, hollow mould
where a viscous skin forms;
excess slush is drained off, the
mould is cooled, and the moulded
product is stripped out: Ñuùc nhöïa
small block engine n. an American
V-8 engine with typically 289 cu.
in. displacement; still very
powerful, but not quite as
gargantuan as the big block: Loaïi
ñoäng cô V8 cuûa Myõ.
z small end n. top of a
connecting rod, attached to the
gudgeon pin: Ñaàu nhoû thanh
truyeàn.
z small end bearing = the
smaller bearing of the two on a
connecting rod and through which
the piston is attached; usually
fitted with a plain bearing or a
needle-roller assembly: Baïc loùt
ñaàu nhoû thanh truyeàn.
SMC = SHEET MOULDING
COMPOUND
SMMT = SOCIETY OF MOTOR
MANUFACTURERS AND
TRADERS
smoke n. the visible product of
combustion; a common problem
with diesel cars on starting or
pulling hard, caused by too much
fuel (black smoke) or oil (blue
smoke): Khoùi xaû (maøu)
z smoke meter = instrument
which measures the density of
(especially diesel) exhaust smoke:
Duïng cuï ño ñaëc khoùi xaû.
socket
= Sn symbol for tin: Thieác
snake n. (caravan or trailer) to swing
from side to side when being
towed too fast: Ñaûo maïnh qua laïi
khi keùo nhanh rô mooc
snap ring n. US = CIRCLIP
snatch v. = GRAB
snipe-nose pliers n. = LONG-NOSE
PLIERS
snips n. tool used to cut straight,
circular and irregular patterns in
sheet metal material; available in
various designs for straight, left-
or right-hand cut: Keùo caét toân
snow chains n. chains which are
wrapped around tyres to provide
extra traction in snow or ice: daây
xích boïc voû xe (khi chaïy ñöôøng
tuyeát)
z snow chain switch = signals the
ASR system that snow chains are
fitted to the drive wheels: coâng
taéc baùo cho heä thoáng oån ñònh xe
bieát baùnh xe boïc xích
snow tyre n. = WINTER TYRE:
Loaïi loáp xe ñi treân baêng tuyeát
snubber n. = BUMP STOP
soaking time n. time required before
a dry-charged battery is ready for
use after being filled with acid:
Thôøi gian caàn thieát ñeå aéc quy
môùi söû duïng ñöôïc sau khi chaâm
acid
Society of Motor Manufacturers and
Traders (SMMT) n. official
organization of the British motor
industry: Hieäp hoäi nhöõng nhaø saûn
xuaát vaø kinh doanh oâtoâ
socket n. (a) any recess formed for
the purpose of receiving a spigot
or other part, especially one into
which an electrical connector may
318
socket driver
be inserted: Loã caém (ñieän)
(b) cylindrical spanner head with
one end shaped to fit over the
head of a nut or bolt, and a female
square drive at the other end to
accept the drive tool: Ñaàu tuyùp,
nuï.
z socket driver = screwdriver-
type handle for use with sockets:
Tua vít vaën tuyùp.
z socket spanner = spanner with
socket end(s) or a drive tool
combined with a socket: Caàn sieát
tuyùp
sodium-cooled exhaust valve n. the
exhaust valves of some high-
performance engines are filled
with sodium to improve the heat
dissipation from the valve stem to
the valve guide, since the exhaust
valve is subject to higher thermal
loads than the inlet valve: Suù paùp
xaû trong ruoät coù chöùa chaát Natri
ñeå daãn nhieät
z sodium-sulphur battery n.
new type of battery, with higher
energy density than conventional
batteries such as the lead-acid
battery; developed for use in
electric powered vehicles: Bình
aéc quy Na-S
softening agent n. = PLASTICIZER:
Chaát laøm meàm
soft face hammer n. tool for striking
objects without marking; usually
has replaceable screw-in faces
made of plastic, nylon, or rubber:
Buùa ñaàu nhöïa.
z soft-sided caravan n. caravan
with canvas or other fabric walls,
which folds compactly to the size
319
soldering iron
and shape of a small trailer whose
light weight and low profile result
in low wind resistance and fuel
consumption: Xe coù khung ñöôïc
boïc baèng vaûi baït.
z soft top n. a convertible with a
roof made of fabric rather than
metal: Xe mui traàn coù mui vaûi
SOHC or sohc = SINGLE
OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT: Truïc
cam ñôn treân naép maùy
solar car n. lightweight electric
vehicle powered by solar
generators: Xe söû duïng naêng
löôïng maët trôøi
z solar collector n. heat
exchanger that transforms solar
radiant energy into heat; typical
solar collectors are flat-plate
collectors and concentrating
collectors: Boä thu nhieät maët trôøi
z solar generator n. a panel-
shaped array of photovoltaic cells
designed to transform solar
radiant energy directly into
electric energy; installed on car
roofs, they can be used to
recharge the batteries of electric-
powered cars: Pin naêng löôïng
maët trôøi ñaët treân noùc xe ñieän
solder 1 n. alloy which is melted to
form a joint between two metal
surfaces; typically, soft solders are
alloys of lead and tin, whilst hard
solders are alloys of copper and
zinc: Hôïp kim haøn (goàm chì vaø
thieác hoaëc ñoàng vaø keõm)
2 v. to join together using solder:
Haøn
z soldering iron n. tool with a
handle attached to a copper or iron
solenoid
tip which is heated, electrically or
in a flame, and used to melt solder
to make joints: Duïng cuï keïp que
haøn
solenoid n. an electrically energized
coil of insulated wire which
produces a magnetic field within
the coil, usually used to pull a
movable iron core/plunger to a
central position within the coil;
used as an actuating device, e. g.
for valves: Cuoän daây (nam chaâm
ñieän)
z solenoid starter switch =
solenoid-operated starter motor
switch: Coâng taéc maùy khôûi ñoäng
duøng solenoid
z solenoid valve = valve actuated
electrically by means of an
electromagnet, or 'solenoid' : Van
solenoid
solid a. (of brake discs) unventilated:
Ñóa phanh khoâng thoâng gioù
z solid disc wheel n. = PLAIN
DISC WHEEL
z solidify v. to become solid,
compact, or hard: Trôû neân cöùng
z solid injection n. = DIRECT
INJECTION: Phun tröïc tieáp
z solid paint n. paint of one
uniform colour, not metallic: Sôn
moät maøu
z solid propellant n. propellant in
pellet form, used to inflate air
bags: Chaát noå raén (tuùi khí)
z solid-state ignition (system) n.
= DISTRIBUTORLESS
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa khoâng duøng boä chia
ñieän
z solid tyre n. solid rubber tyre
that is not inflated by air: Voû ñaëc
320
sooted
(khoâng coù ruoät)
(NOTE: opposite is pneumatic
tyre)
soluable anode n. positive electrode
of a galvanic cell at which metal
ions pass into solution: Cöïc döông
hoøa tan (pin gavani)
z solution n. single,
homogeneous liquid, solid, or gas
phase that is a mixture in which
the components (liquid, gas, solid,
or combination thereof) are
distributed uniformly: Dung dòch
z solution pressure = measure of
the tendency of hydrogen, metals,
and certain non-metals to pass into
solution as ions: AÙp suaát tan vaøo
dung dòch
z solvent n. liquid which can
dissolve another substance to form
a solution: Dung moâi
sonic idling or sonic throttling n.
system developed by Ford, for a
fixed-jet carburettor which uses
air at the speed of sound to
atomize fuel supplied by the idling
circuit; makes idling smoother and
reduces exhaust pollution: Xeù
nhuyeãn nhieân lieäu baèng sieâu aâm.
sonoscope n. diagnostic tool used to
listen for noises in engines and
identify trouble spots such as
faulty valves, worn gears and
water pump, bearing knock,
damaged gaskets or piston slap:
Tai nghe - duïng cuï chaån ñoaùn
qua tieáng khua cuûa ñoäng cô
(NOTE: also called a mechanic's
stethoscope)
sooted or sooty plug n. carbon-
fouled sparking plug: Bougie bò
phu muoäi than
sound absorbtion
sound absorbtion n. the weight and
space restrictions of modern cars
call for sound absorbtion using
thin-walled materials, whose
thickness is small in relation to the
wave length of the sound to be
absorbed: Söï huùt aâm
sound proofing material n. any
material used to deaden the sound
from surfaces which transmit or
generate noise; (e. g. felt lining on
the underside of a bonnet): Vaät
lieäu caùch aâm
souped up a. (informal) modified or
turned for greater power: Taêng
coâng suaát cuûa xe baèng caùch caûi
tieán hoaëc hieäu chænh
space frame n. type of strong, steel
chassis construction used for
sports cars: Khung xe theå thao
z spacer n. generally, anything
that separates one part from
another: Vaät ngaên (giöõa hai boä
phaän), mieáng ñeäm
z spacer ring = EXPANDER
SPACER: Voøng ñeäm
space-saving spare wheel n. wheel
with a cross-ply tyre folded
together on the rim; in the event
of a puncture or a badly damaged
wheel, the tyre is inflated by a
compressor: Baùnh xe döï phoøng
(NOTE: US English is collapsible
spare tire)
space wagon n. a vehicle category
introduced in the USA in 1983
with the Chrysler Voyager, and in
Europe at the end of the 1980s
with the Renault Espace; a multi-
purpose vehicle for everyday and
recreational use that combines the
handling and luxury of a saloon
321
spark advance
with the space and headroom of a
van; usually with three rows of
seats for at least six people and
with a sliding door on the side
space: Daïng xe van
spalling n. flaking of the surface of a
bearing: Bong beà maët (baïc loùt)
spangles n. crystal structure on hot-
dip galvanized metals: Vaân hoa
treân maët toân traùng keõm
spanner n. steel hand tool with jaws
or a hole of particular shape at the
end, designed to fit round a nut or
bolt head in order to turn it: Chìa
khoùa coù raêng môû ñai oác
spare n. (a) = SPARE PART: phuï
tuøng
(b) = SPARE WHEEL: Baùnh xe
döï phoøng
z spare part n. a replacement
part, either available from a
dealer or carried with the vehicle
(like bulbs, fuses, plugs, etc.): Ñoà
Phuï tuøng
z spares car n. = DONOR CAR
z spare tyre/wheel n. additional
wheel which allows for the
replacement of a defective wheel
or a punctured tyre: Voû xe / baùnh
xe döï phoøng
z spare tyre carrier = on light
commercial vehicles, the spare
wheel is usually mounted below
the loading area in a horizontal
rack near the rear axle: Giaù gaén
baùnh xe döï phoøng
spark n. electric spark that jumps
across the sparking plug gap to
initiate the combustion of the
air/fuel mixture: Tia löûa
z spark advance n.= IGNITION
ADVANCE: Söï ñaùnh löûa sôùm
spark air gap
z spark air gap n. gap between
the electrodes of a sparking plug:
Khe hôû bougie
z spark angle n. = IGNITION
ANGLE Goùc ñaùnh löûa
z spark-angle map = IGNITION
MAP: Baûn ñoà goùc ñaùnh löûa
(trong boä nhôù)
z spark breakaway n. end of
spark duration: Keát thuùc khoaûng
thôøi gian tia löûa toàn taïi
z spark control computer (SCC)
n. electronic control unit with
electronic spark timing: Maùy tính
ñieàu khieån thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
z spark current n. current that
flows across the electrodes of a
spark gap at a particular point in
time: Doøng qua bougie
z spark discharge voltage n. =
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
z spark duration n. burning time
of the arc following the initial
flashover between the sparking
plug electrodes until the residual
energy decays: Thôøi gian tia löûa
toàn taïi
spark gap n. = SPARKING PLUG
GAP: Khe hôû bougie
z spark gap coil tester = tester
providing a spark gap or neon tube
to provide a comparison for the
coil being tested: maùy kieåm tra
boâbin
spark head n. displayed as a firing
spike on an oscilloscope pattern:
Ñaàu nhoïn xung ñaùnh löûa (dao
ñoäng kyù)
z spark ignition n. ignition
initiated by an electric spark in a
spark ignition engine: Söï ñaùnh
322
sparking plug cable coverstrip
löûa
z spark ignition angle =
IGNITION ANGLE: Goùc ñaùnh
löûa
z spark ignition engine = SI
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô ñaùnh löûa
cöôõng böùc
sparking plug n. device screwed into
the cylinder head of spark ignition
engines (one sparking plug per
cylinder) which initiates fuel
combustion by an electric spark
arcing from the centre electrode to
the side electrode; typically
consisting of a steel shell with a
hexagon and a thread with the
welded-on side electrode, a
ceramic insulator and the centre
electrode: Bougie
sparking plug body n. = SPARKING
PLUG SHELL: Thaân bougie
z sparking plug boot n. moulded
rubber or plastic insulator which
fits over a sparking plug terminal:
Ñaàu chuïp bougie
z sparking plug boot puller =
special automotive tool for the
safe removal and installation of
sparking plug boots: Duïng cuï keïp
keùo naép chuïp bougie
z sparking plug brush n. hard,
compact brush for removing
carbon from sparking plug
electrodes: Baøn chaûi laøm saïch
bougie
z sparking plug cable n. high-
voltage cable from the distributor
to the sparking plug: Daây phin,
daây cao aùp
z sparking plug cable coverstrip
= connecting system that
integrates the sparking plug
sparking plug cable
connectors, sparking plug leads,
distributor cap, distributor
connector, high-voltage cable, and
ignition coil connector: Nguyeân
boä daây cao aùp keå caû naép delco
z sparking plug cable or loom
separator = typically, a T-shaped
and sometimes chrome-plated
steel holder with cable guide
holes and plastic inserts; keeps
cables neatly in place and
eliminates ignition leakage: Ñaàu
giöõ daây phin
z sparking plug condition n.
visual appearance of the sparking
plug electrodes and insulator:
Tình traïng bougie
z sparking plug electrode n. the
two electrodes in a sparking plug
are the centre electrode and the
side (or earth) electrode: Ñieän
cöïc bougie
z sparking plug gap n. the
shortest distance between the
centre and side electrodes of a
sparking plug where the spark
jumps over (approx. 0.6-1.1 mm):
Khe hôû bougie
z sparking plug gauge n. tool
used for checking sparking plug
gaps; usually with metal feeler
blades or calibrated wire feelers;
often includes an electrode
adjusting tool for altering the gap
between the electrodes: Duïng cuï
kieåm tra khe hôû bougie
z sparking plug insert tap n.
tool used to enlarge and tap new
threads in damaged sparking plug
holes in order to accept sparking
plug inserts: Taroâ loã baét bougie
z sparking plug insulator n.
323
sparking rate
highly stressed part of the
sparking plug, usually made of
alumina ceramic, which serves to
insulate the centre electrode and
the terminal stud from the shell;
its material must have high
dielectric, mechanical and thermal
strength as well as good thermal
conductivity: Söù caùch ñieän bougie
z sparking plug lead n. =
SPARKING PLUG CABLE: Daây
phin
z sparking plug pliers n. pliers-
like tool with specially shaped
jaws to securely grip sparking
plug boots for removal and
installation, and insulated handles
for shockproof grip: Kìm thaùo laép
naép chuïp bougie
z sparking plug shell n. metal
body of the sparking plug which
encloses the lower part of the
insulator: Thaân bougie (phaàn kim
loaïi)
z sparking plug tester n.
screwdriver with a bulb inside the
handle, which lights up if a spark
is present when the blade is
touched against the outside
insulation of the sparking plug
cable: Maùy thöû bougie
z sparking plug spanner n.
spanner for removing and
installing sparking plugs; come in
a variety of shapes, e. g. with
swivel or T-handle, and many
have rubber inserts to prevent
damage to the fragile insulating
porcelain: Chìa, oáng môû bougie
sparking rate n. the sparking rateper
minute in a spark ignition engine
is the number of cylinders
sparking voltage
multiplied by half the engine
speed: Toác ñoä phaùt ra tia löûa
z sparking voltage n.
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
z spark knock n. = ENGINE
KNOCK: Hieän töôïng kích noå
trong ñoäng cô
z spark map n. = IGNITION
MAP: Baûn ñoà ñaùnh löûa sôùm
(chöùa trong EEPROM)
z spark plug n. = SPARKING
PLUG: Bougie
z spark position n. the position
of the spark gap in the combustion
chamber: Vò trí tia löûa trong
buoàng chaùy
z spark retard n. = IGNITION
RETARD: Ñaùnh löûa treã
z spark timing n. = IGNITION
TIMING: Thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
z spark voltage n. (a) voltage
required to maintain the spark
after reduction of the firing
voltage (b) voltage measured at
the electrodes of a spark gap at a
particular point in time (c) =
IGNITION VOLTAGE: Hieäu
ñieän theá ñaùnh löûa
spatter n. sparks produced during the
welding process; more
pronounced if the welding
parameters are not correctly set or
if impurities are present on the
welded area: tia löûa haøn ñieän
spec n. (informal) = SPECIFICATION
special body n. a body not supplied
by the car manufacturer or by an
approved body supplier in the
case of manufacturers that do not
build their own bodies, but rather
by an independent coachbuilder
speed category
who produces a body different
from the standard body: Khung xe
= ñaëc bieät
specific activity n. the conversion
rate of a given catalytic converter
per unit volume; it is desirable to
have a high specific activity, i. e. a
small but efficient converter: Toác
ñoä hoaù khöû
z specification n. detailed
technical description of a part,
piece of machinery, plan or
proposal: Caùc ñaëc ñieåm (kyõ
thuaät)
z specific fuel consumption
(SFC) n. the amount of fuel
consumed by an engine for each
unit of energy produced;
measured in kilograms-per-
megajoule or per-kilowatt-hour or
pounds-per-bhp-hour: Möùc tieâu
hao nhieân lieäu rieâng
specific speed n. an index which
provides information on the
general profile or shape of the
impeller of a pump: Toác ñoä ñaëc
tröng (bôm)
specular finish or specular gloss n.
a mirrorlike finish of high
reflectivity: ñaùnh boùng nhö
göông
speech synthesizer n. electronic
device which simulates speech to
warn the driver of something
wrong (such as an unclosed door):
Boä phaùt tieáng noùi (thoâng baùo
trong xe)
speed n. (a) rate of movement:
Toác ñoä
(b) (transmission) gear or gear
ratio: Tyû soá truyeàn
z speed category n. = SPEED
324
speed control (system)
RATING
z speed control (system) n. =
CRUISE CONTROL: Heä thoáng
kieåm soaùt toác ñoä (heä thoáng ga töï
ñoäng)
z speed control vacuum
advance = system which cuts off
vacuum ignition advance when a
car is cruising at low speeds,
typically under 35 mph; for this
purpose, a solenoid-operated
valve is hooked into the distributor
advance vacuum line, which is
governed by a speed-dependent
signal from a switch mounted on
the transmission: Heä thoáng ngaét
ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng ôû toác
ñoä thaáp
z speed limit n. the maximum
allowable vehicle speed at any
given point: Toác ñoä toái ña cho
pheùp
z speed nut n. a self-locking
device used especially to secure
sheet metal screws; consists of a
small steel plate with a hole and
two arched prongs that engage
with the screw thread; used
extensively to attach plastic parts
to a steel car body: Nuùt gaøi (gaén
ñoà nhöïa vaøo khung theùp cuûa xe)
z speedometer or (informal)
speedo n. dashboard instrument
showing speed of travel in mph or
km/h: Ñoàng hoà ño toác ñoä xe
z speedometer (drive) cable =
cable carrying the drive from the
gearbox, or a front wheel, to the
speedometer: Daây caùp ñoàng hoà
ño toác ñoä
speed rating n. the maximum driving
speed for which a tyre is designed,
325
spherical combustion chamber
indicated by a letter in the tyre
designation on the sidewall: Kyù
töï treân voû xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña
cho pheùp
speed ratio n. ratio of the speed of
the driving member of a
mechanical drive to the speed of
the driven member: Tyû soá truyeàn
z speed-sensitive steering n.
type of power-assisted steering
which is light at low speeds and
increasingly heavier at higher
speeds, giving the driver more
feel: Trôï löïc laùi thay ñoåi theo
toác ñoä xe (nheï ôû toác ñoä thaáp,
naëng ôû toác ñoä cao)
z speed-sensitive wiper system
= system which increases blade
pressure on the windscreen as the
car gathers pace: Heä thoáng gaït
nöôùc thay ñoåi aùp löïc caàn gaït
theo toác ñoä xe
z speedster n. a fast, sporty car
model: Xe theå thao cao toác
z speed symbol n. = SPEED
RATING
spent gas n. the gases burnt during
the previous firing cycle that
remain in the combustion chamber
of a two-stroke engine after the
charge changing process has been
completed and the ports have
been closed by the piston: Khí soùt
(trong ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
spherical combustion chamber n.
the combustion chamber of an
internal combustion engine
equipped with reciprocating
pistons is ideally very compact in
design, i. e. without gaps, grooves,
edges, etc. ; the most favourable
design would thus be a sphere but
SPI
the valves of a four-stroke engine
make this impossible. The
combustion chamber in diesel
engines, however, is located in the
piston crown, where it is in fact
spherical: Buoàng chaùy hình caàu
SPI = SINGLE POINT INJECTION:
Phun ñôn ñieåm
spider n. a roadster with more
amenities, such as doors,
windows, boot, folding top
(unlined); may also have two
emergency rear seats, power
steering, electric windows, etc: xe
2 cöûa mui traàn gaén theâm nhieàu
thieát bò tieän nghi
spigot n. short, cylindrical projection
on one part designed to fit into a
hole in another part, for location
or retaining purposes (as for road
wheels): Choát ñònh vò
z spigot bearing = small bearing
in the centre of the flywheel end
of the crankshaft, which carries
the forward end of the clutch
shaft: Baïc ñaïn daãn höôùng (giöõa
baùnh ñaø)
(NOTE: US English is pilot
bearing)
spindle n. rotating rod that acts as a
shaft: Truïc
z spindle cap = small metal cap
on the front wheel bearing: Naép
chuïp baïc ñaïn baùnh tröôùc
spine-back n. = BACKBONE
CHASSIS
spin galvanizing n. hot dip
galvanizing process for small
objects: Maï noùng
spin imbalance n. = RADIAL RUN-
OUT
spinner handle n. screwdriver-type
326
splash panel
handle for use with sockets, used
to quickly tighten and loosen
fasteners: Caàn sieát nuï
spiral bevel gear n. bevel gear with
curved teeth in the final drive:
Baùnh raêng noùn raêng cong
spiral casing n. = VOLUTE
CASING
z spiral-type glow plug n. glow
plug having an exposed coil with a
high number of turns: Bougie
xoâng coù daây nung nhieàu voøng
spirit level n. tool for testing if a
surface is level (or vertical) using
glass tube containing an air
bubble: OÁng ni voâ (oáng thuûy tinh
coù chöùa moät boït khoâng khí duøng
kieåm tra maët phaúng coù naèm
ngang khoâng)
splashed graphics n. (custom paint)
paintwork resembling paint drops
and splashes on the body which
look as if a can of paint had been
spilled over the car; also available
as stickers: Kieåu sôn xe thaønh
ñoám
splash guard n. US = MUDFLAP
z splash lubrication n. oil from
the crankshaft journals, under
pressure from the oil pump, is
splashed onto the cylinder bores
and gudgeon pins to provide
lubrication: Söï boâi trôn baèng
caùch vaåy daàu leân chi tieát (aéc
piston, loøng xy lanh)
z splash panel n. vertical closing
panel mounted inside the wheel
arch ahead of the rear edge of the
front wing and/or hinge area to
protect these areas from splash
water and road dirt: Taám chaén
chaát baån
splash shield
z splash shield n. (of disc
brakes) plate which protects the
inner surface of a disc from water
and dirt: Taám chaén nöôùc vaø chaát
baån baûo veä phanh ñóa
z splash zone n. section of a car
body subject to extreme corrosion
loads due to water splash: Phaàn
gaàm xe deã bò aên moøn do nöôùc
vaêng
split bearing n. = SHELL
BEARING
z split collar n. = COLLET
z split-friction road surfaces n.
differing road surfaces (such as
ice and tarmac) offering differing
tyre adhesion: Maët ñöôøng khaùc
nhau laøm ñoä baùm baùnh xe khaùc
nhau
z split electrode sparking plug
n. sparking plug with a V-shaped
side electrode: Bougie coù ñieän
cöïc bìa daïng chöõ V
z split (folding) rear seats n.
rear seats which may be folded
down in two sections, thus
combining some extra luggage
space with the possibility of a
passenger sitting in the back of the
car: Gheá sau gaáp laïi ñöôïc
split pin n. metal pin for securing
a nut or rod, whose ends are bent
backwards after insertion: Choát
cheû
z split skirt piston n. precursor
of the modern solid piston skirt,
with a narrow slot in one side of
the piston to allow for expansion:
Daïng piston cuõ coù khe moät beân
z split spray n. incorrect setup
of a spray gun, giving a spray
pattern that is heavy at the top and
327
sponge rubber valve
bottom but narrow in the middle:
Tia phun leäch do chænh sai suùng
phun sôn
z split-system master cylinder
n. = TANDEM MASTER
CYLINDER
z splitting chisel n. extremely
flat chisel used for body work and
panel beating: Caùi ñuïc phaúng
z split washer n. = SPRING
LOCK WASHER
z split-window Beetle n. the
original VW Beetle with a 2-part
rear window split vertically;
produced up to 1953: Loaïi xe
Volkswagen coù cöûa tröôït ñöùng
spoiler n. generally, a wing-shaped
device designed to reduce lift at
high speed, but may take various
forms and may be attached to the
vehicle in various places: Thieát bò
daïng caùnh gaén vaøo xe ñeå xe oån
ñònh ôû toác ñoä cao.
spoke n. (a) part connecting the hub
of a wheel to its rim; the number
and size of steering wheel spokes
have been reduced over the years
to improve the view of the
instrument panel: Caùi nan hoa
(baùnh xe, voâ laêng …)
(b) = WIRE SPOKE: Nan hoa
treân nieàng xe
spoke wheel n. a styled, cast or
forged alloy wheel with a wheel
spider which incorporates a spoke
design: Maâm ñuùc giaû nan hoa
sponge rubber valve n. a sponge-
rubber-lined valve plate attached
to a bimetallic strip, which
controls the air intake temperature
to the carburettor in some BL
cars: Van cao su xoáp
spongy lead
kieåm soaùt nhieät ñoä khí naïp
(trong boä cheá hoaø khí).
spongy lead n. pure lead which
serves as the active material in the
charged negative plates of a
battery: Chì xoáp (laøm cöïc aâm aéc
quy)
sports car or sportster n. usually a
relatively low-profile two-seater,
sometimes with two spare seats in
the back; emphasis is on handling
and performance rather than on
smooth ride: Xe theå thao
sport utility car n. a new kind of
recreational vehicle; combines
features of buggies, off-road 4wd
vehicles, and stylish sports cars for
a 'life-style-conscious' market
segment; first launched in the
USA in 1990: Kieåu xe tieän nghi
daïng theå thao
spot lamp n. long-range, narrow-
beamed light used in addition to
the headlamps: Ñeøn roïi xa
spotting in n. the respraying of very
small areas: Sôn daëm
spot welding n. type of resistance
welding in which two pieces of
metal are joined at a series of
points (spots) by means of heat
(usually electrically generated)
and pressure; the most important
welding method in auto body
construction: Kyõ thuaät haøn ñieåm
z spot-weld drill n. = SPOT-
WELD REMOVER: Maùy khoan
thaùo moái haøn ñieåm
z spot-weld remover n. (a)
special drill bit used to drill out
weld spots on sheet metal material
without damaging the panels (b)
tool for use with a hand drill;
328
spreader
features reversible cutting blade
to cut out weld spots without
damaging the sheet metal
materials; the cut depth can be
varied, e. g. to release the upper
panel only: Duïng cuï thaùo moái
haøn ñieåm
spout n. = TAILPIPE: OÁng poâ
sprag clutch n. type of one-way
clutch using spring-loaded locking
cams; found in automatic
gearboxes, overdrives and free-
wheels: Ly hôïp moät chieàu trong
hoäp soá töï ñoäng
z spray gun n. (painting)
apparatus shaped like a gun which
delivers an atomized mist of
liquid: Suùng phun sôn
z spraying viscosity n. the
viscosity required to make a paint
suitable for spraying; i. e. neither
too thick nor too thin: Ñoä ñaëc cuûa
sôn phun
z spray mist n. fogging caused
in the course of spray painting;
part of this settles as overspray on
adjacent panels and nearby
objects: Buïi sôn
z spray pattern n. the shape of
the jet of spray leaving a spray
gun: Daïng tia sôn
spread n. = OVERALL GEAR
RATIO
spreader n. (a) hand-held tool used
to apply body filler to a damaged
area prepared for filling: Caùi bay
(treùt ma tít)
(b) hydraulic jack with ends
designed to reach behind dented
double panels and to press them
back into shape by the hydraulic
spreader spring
action of the wedge-shaped ends:
Daïng con ñoäi thuyû löïc duøng söûa
khung
z spreader spring n. (of disc
brakes) usually cross-shaped part
made of spring steel sheet which
applies radial pressure to the
brake pads to prevent rattling: Loø
xo giaûm oàn cho phanh ñóa
(NOTE: also called anti-rattle
springs)
spring n. a coil, strip or disc of
special steel, a block of rubber or
a gas (e. g. air spring) which is
elastic enough to absorb and give
back energy: Loø xo, nhíp xe
z spring bar or bow n. (soft top)
in 5-bar hood mechanisms, an
additional bar between the main
bar and the rear window; spring
loaded, it assists the main bar in
shaping the hood; a similar effect
can be achieved by spring-steel
leaves embedded in the canvas:
Thanh loø xo
z spring beating n metalworking
process for removing pressure
ridges in body panels in which a
spring beating spoon is laid on the
ridge area and is gradually moved
across the ridge while the spoon
surface is hammered with a body
hammer: Goø khung bò loài
z spring bracket n. = SPRING
HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp xe
z spring clip n. (a) fastening
device made of an incomplete
circle of spring steel, e. g. for
covers: Caùi phe
(b) rebound clip which holds the
spring leaves of a leaf spring
together: Ñai keïp nhíp
329
spring wind-up
spring compressor n. tool used to
restrain coil springs for safe
removal and installation: Duïng cuï
eùp loø xo
z spring eye n. cylindrical hole
formed by bending the end of a
leaf spring round, for attachment
to the vehicle: Loã ñaàu nhíp
z spring hanger n. rubber-
bushed bracket on a vehicle
chassis onto which a leaf spring
eye is mounted: Giaù giöõ ñaàu nhíp
xe
z spring-loaded a. held in
position by pressure from a spring:
Chòu söùc eùp loø xo
z spring lock washer n. a
toothed, spring steel washer used
as a locking device: Loâng ñeàn
khoùa
z spring mounting n. =
SPRING HANGER: Giaù giöõ ñaàu
nhíp xe
z spring rate n. (of springs or
tyres) ratio of the load on a spring
to the amount it moves (deflects),
measured in newtons per
millimetre: Tæ soá giöõa taûi vaø ñoä
dòch chuyeån cuûa loø xo (heä soá ñaøn
hoài)
z spring seat n. (suspension
strut) recessed mounting to
accommodate a coil spring: Beä
gaén loø xo (heä thoáng treo)
z spring shackle n. =
SHACKLE
z spring washer n. a warped-
looking washer, typically used to
prevent rattling by spring-loading
certain movable threaded
connections: Loâng ñeàn cong
z spring wind-up n. spring
sprocket (wheel)
deformation under hard
acceleration or deceleration: Bieán
daïng cuûa loø xo nhuùn khi taêng
hoaëc giaûm toác
sprocket (wheel) n. wheel with teeth
which engage in a drive chain, e.
g. a timing chain: Baùnh xích
sprung mass or weight n. the weight
of those parts of the car that are
supported by the suspension
system: Khoái löôïng ñöôïc treo
spur differential n. differential in
FWD vehicles incorporating spur
gears rather than bevel gears,
since input and output shafts are
not at right angles: Boä vi sai baùnh
raêng truï troøn
z spur gears n. gearwheels with
straight teeth in line with their
shafts: Baùnh raêng truï troøn
(NOTE: also called straight-cut
gears)
squab n. a seat's backrest: Caùi döïa
löng (gheá)
z squab panel = panel supporting
the rear seat squabs, separating
the passenger compartment from
the luggage space: Vaùch ngaên
gheá sau vôùi khoang haønh lyù
square engine n. type of engine
design in which the bore and
stroke are the same measurement:
Ñoäng cô coù haønh trình piston
baèng ñöôøng kính
z square-four engine = four
cylinder engine in which each
cylinder axis forms one corner of
a square: Ñoäng cô boán xi lanh
ñaët treân 4 goùc hình vuoâng (caùch
boá trí coù theå theo kieåu chöõ X, H)
squat n. dipping of a car's rear end
occurring during hard
330
stabilizer belt
acceleration, due to a load transfer
from the front to the rear
suspension: Xe bò chuùi ñuoâi
squib n. device for detonating the air
bag: Boä phaän kích noå tuùi khí
squirt box n. (informal) carburettor:
Boä cheá hoøa khí
squish band or zone n. narrow
section of a combustion chamber
in which the fuel charge is more
compressed by the piston than in
the rest of the chamber; designed
to help direct the flow of the fresh
charge and to improve
scavenging: Moät vuøng heïp cuûa
buoàng ñoát maø hoãn hôïp bò neùn
nhieàu hôn caùc vuøng khaùc; ñöôïc
thieát keá ñeå ñònh höôùng doøng khí
naïp vaø caûi thieän söï queùt khí
(thaûi soùt)
sr = SUNROOF
SRS (short for) supplementary
restraint system; air bag: Tuùi khí
z SRS warning light = air bag
warning light: Ñeøn baùo tuùi khí
SR sheathed glow plug n. = SELF-
REGULATING SHEATHED-
TYPE GLOW PLUG
SS = STAINLESS STEEL: Theùp
khoâng gæ, inox
SSC = STRESS CORROSION
CRACKING: Nöùt do öùng suaát vì
aên moøn
stabilize v. to make or keep stable:
Laøm oån ñònh, giöõ oån ñònh
stabilizer (bar) n. = ANTI-ROLL
BAR
z stabilizer belt n. (of belted
radial tyres) belt consisting of
cords (usually fine steel wire)
embedded in rubber directly
beneath the tread and above the
stainless steel (SS)
radial cord body plies: Daây ñai
caân baèng
z stabilizer link n. (suspension)
link which connects the anti-roll
bar to the lower wishbone: thanh
caân baèng
stainless steel (SS) n. type of steel
containing nickel and chromium,
which is resistant to corrosion:
Theùp khoâng gæ
z stainless-steel exhaust system
= more hard-wearing and
therefore more expensive system
than one made of mild steel: Heä
thoáng oáng goùp thaûi duøng theùp
khoâng gæ
z stainless-steel mesh = WIRE
MESH: Löôùi theùp khoâng gæ
stalk n. = CONTROL STALK
stall v. (of an engine) to stop
unintentionally: Cheát maùy (oâ toâ)
stall speed n. test characteristic of a
fluid converter; result of the stall
test: Ñaëc tuyeán kieåm tra bieán
moâ
z stall test n. (automatic
transmission) short-time (5
seconds) full throttle operation
with the vehicle brakes fully
applied and the selector lever in
'D' position; the test results in an
engine speed (stall speed) that
indicates the performance of the
fluid converter: Kieåm tra bieán
moâ
z stall torque ratio n. torque
conversion in fluid converters on
taking up drive, i. e. when the
turbine is still stationary; stage of
maximum torque multiplication:
Tæ soá truyeàn moment trong bieán
moâ
331
starter (motor)
standard equipment n. those parts
and systems of a vehicle supplied
by the manufacturer at no extra
cost, i. e. they are included in the
basic price for a given model:
Thieát bò tieâu chuaån
(NOTE: opposite is optional
equipment)
z standard wheel = original
wheel on a vehicle supplied by the
car manufacturer: Baùnh xe tieâu
chuaån
(NOTE: opposite is custom
wheel)
standing start n. one method of
acceleration testing in which the
vehicle starts from rest: Thöû
nghieäm taêng toác baèng caùch cho
xe chaïy töø vò trí döøng
Stanyl n. a new proprietary
polyamide with unusual
temperature stability, mechanical
strength, and resistance to oil and
grease: Nhöïa coù ñoä beàn cô vaø
chòu nhieät, daàu
start v. to use the starter motor to
crank the engine until it fires and
runs on its own: Khôûi ñoäng
z start boosing = bypassing the
ballast resistor of an ignition
system when starting the engine:
taêng doøng ñaùnh löûa luùc khôûi
ñoäng nhôø noái taét ñieän trôû phuï
z start bypass = bypass of the
ballast resistor: ñi taét qua ñieän
trôû phuï
starter (motor) n. powerful electric
motor that engages with the
flywheel to turn an internal
combustion engine which begins
the induction of fuel and the
ignition cycle: Maùy khôûi ñoäng
starter inhibitor switch
ñoäng cô, ñeà ma rô
starter inhibitor switch or starter
interlock or starter lockout n.
switch which prevents starting of
the engine unless certain system
conditions are fulfilled; e. g. on
cars with automatic transmission,
the selector lever must be in
Neutral or Park: Coâng taéc an
toaøn (ngaét khôûi ñoäng cho xe coù
hoäp soá töï ñoäng) khi tay soá khoâng
ôû P hoaëc N
z starter ring gear n. a gear
fitted around the flywheel that is
engaged by teeth on the starter
drive to crank the engine: Voøng
raêng khôûi ñoäng treân baùnh ñaø
z starter solenoid n. assembly
of a pre-engaged starter used first
to engage the pinion teeth with the
flywheel ring gear and then to
switch on the starter current:
Solenoid maùy khôûi ñoäng (Rôle
gaøi khôùp)
z starter switch control cable n.
mechanical cable to the starter
switch on vehicles without a
starter solenoid (e. g. Fiat 500):
Maùy khôûi ñoäng ñieàu khieån baèng
caùp
z starting carburettor
usually a simple slide carburettor
which works in parallel with the
main carburettor and acts as a
starting aid: boä cheá hoaø khí phuï
(giuùp khôûi ñoäng)
z starting handle n. cranked
handle for turning an engine over
manually: Tay quay ñeå khôûi ñoäng
maùy
z starting interlock n.
STARTER INHIBITOR SWITCH
static (ignition) timing
z starting switch n. on certain
classic cars, separate switches are
used to turn the ignition on and to
operate the starter; on such cars,
the starting switch was a push
button, often located in the centre
of the dashboard; on modern cars,
the starting switch is integrated in
the ignition and starter switch:
Coâng taéc khôûi ñoäng
star wheel n. adjusting nut on a drum
brake or clutch: OÁc chænh trong
phanh troáng hoaëc ly hôïp
static balancing n. checking a
wheel's balance by seeing if it
stops in the same position when
rotated; if it does, a small weight
is attached to the rim opposite the
heavy area (i. e. opposite the
bottom of the wheel when it
stopsrotating). A tyre and wheel
assembly is in static balance when
the weight of the wheel is evenly
distributed around the axis of
rotation: Caân baèng tónh baùnh xe
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic
balancing)
z static belt n. seat belt with no
automatic belt retractor and whose
length is manually adjusted: Daây
n. ñai an toaøn ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
baèng tay
z static friction: Ma saùt tónh
z static high-voltage distribution
n. high-voltage distribution
achieved without a rotary
distributor, using multi-spark
ignition coils or one coil per
sparking plug: Ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
(khoâng coù delco)
= z static (ignition) timing n. now
obsolete timing procedure carried
332
static seal
out by rotating the engine until
the timing marks are aligned and
then connecting a test lamp or a
voltmeter between the negative
coil terminal and earth; when the
points open, the test lamp lights up
or the voltmeter registers battery
voltage: Söï caân löûa tónh (duøng
boùng ñeøn)
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic or
stroboscopic ignition timing)
z static seal n. oil seal between
two stationary parts: Ñeäm kín
chaän nhôùt giöõa hai boä phaän
khoâng chuyeån ñoäng)
(NOTE: opposite is dynamic seal)
station wagon n. US estate car: Xe
coù ngaên rieâng xeáp haønh lyù
stator n. (a) (of an alternator) the
stationary windings in which
electric current is generated;
located between drive end and
slip-ring end fittings, consisting of
a stator frame with windings in
three circuits to generate three-
phase current which is then
rectified by diodes: Phaàn tónh
trong maùy phaùt ñieän
(b) (magnetic pick-up assembly)
self-contained unit of the
magnetic pick-up, consisting of a
permanent magnet, an inductive
winding and the pick-up core; the
stator can be a disc-shaped pole
piece with tooth or a simple pole
piece: Stato trong caûm bieán ñieän
töø
(c) (fluid converter, automatic
transmission) wheel with curved
blades (sometimes adjustable)
mounted on a one-way clutch; it
serves as a reaction member, i. e.
333
steel wheel
it multiplies the torque output of
the turbine by increasing the
momentum of the fluid flow acting
on the latter: Baùnh coâng taùc
trong bieán moâ
z stator roller clutch n. (fluid
converter) holds the stator
stationary as long as its blades are
struck by the fluid flow against the
rotational direction of pump and
turbine; if the fluid flows in the
direction of rotation, the stator
starts running: Ly hôïp baùnh coâng
taùc
Stealth Bra n. nose covering
composed of composite materials
that absorb microwaves emitted
by radar devices and significantly
diminish the return signal,
makinga car less detectable to
police radar; ineffective against
speed cameras or light-operated
speed guns: Ñaàu choáng suùng baén
toác ñoä cuûa caûnh saùt giao thoâng
steam clean v. to clean the engine
with a high-pressure jet of steam:
Laøm saïch baèng hôi nöôùc
z steam injection system n. based
on the same principle as water
injection systems, the steam
injection system uses engine
exhaust heat and a boiler to pre-
heat and boil the water before it is
injected into the inlet manifold as
steam: Heä thoáng phun hôi nöôùc
steel n. an alloy of iron containing a
small percentage of carbon: Theùp
z steel strip = sheet steel less
than 600 mm wide: Theùp taám coù
ñoä roäng ít hôn 600 mm
z steel wheel = consists of a steel
disc and steel rim which are
steering
welded together to provide better
impact-resistance, lower price,
and higher weight than alloy
wheels: Baùnh xe baèng theùp
steering n. general term
encompassing all components of
the steering system or the steering
function of a vehicle: Söï laùi xe,
heä thoáng laùi
z steering angle n. horizontal
angle between the plane of a
steered wheel when cornering,
and the plane when adjusted
straight ahead: Goùc laùi; steering
angle sensor: Caûm bieán goùc ñoä
tay laùi
z steering arm n. a forged lever
attached to the steering knuckle
and to one of the tie rods: Tay
ñoøn laùi, caàn daãn höôùng
z steering axis n. = KINGPIN
AXIS: Truïc truï quay ñöùng
z steering axis inclination (SAI)
= KINGPIN INCLINATION
(KPI): Goùc nghieâng truï quay
ñöùng, goùc King pin
z steering box n. the part of the
steering system that is located at
the lower end of the steering
shaft; changes the rotary
movement of the steering wheel
into the linear motion of the front
wheels for steering: Hoäp cô caáu
laùi
z steering column n. shaft
between the steering wheel and
steering box or rack and pinion:
Truïc tay laùi xe
z steering column controls =
consist mainly of control stalks for
some or all of the following:
lights, windscreen wipers and
334
steering knuckle
washers, direction indicators and
horn: Coâng taéc ñieàu khieån treân
truïc tay laùi
z steering column gearchange =
COLUMN GEARCHANGE
z steering damper n. a shock-
absorber-like bump stop which
absorbs vibrations in the steering
system: Boä giaûm xoùc tay laùi
z steering gear n. (i) the whole
mechanism by which a vehicle is
steered (ii) the gears in this
mechanism: Cô caáu laùi
z steering gear arm = DROP
ARM: Tay ñoøn boä phaän laùi
z steering gearbox = STEERING
BOX: Hoäp laùi
z steering gear shaft = the
rotating, torque-transmitting part
of the steering column: Truïc tay
laùi
z steering geometry n. the
geometric arrangement of the
components and linkages of a
steering system, incorporating
various steering angles: Hình hoïc
cô caáu laùi
z steering kickback n. sharp
and rapid movements of the
steering wheel as the front wheels
encounter obstruction in the road;
the shocks of these encounter
'kick back' to the steering wheel:
Phaûn löïc tay laùi (khi baùnh tröôùc
ñuïng chöôùng ngaïi vaät)
z steering knuckle n. the part of
the front suspension on which a
front wheel is mounted; strictly
speaking, an assembly or single
component comprising stub axle
and steering arm, stub axle often
being used to describe the
steering knuckle arm
steering knuckle itself: Truïc
khôùp noái daãn höôùng
z steering knuckle arm =
STEERING ARM
z steering linkage n. all parts
conveying movement from the
rack or steering box to the
steering swivels (e. g. track rods
and steering arms): Caùc thanh
noái trong heä thoáng laùi xe chuyeån
löïc töø boä baùnh raêng daãn höôùng
ñeán baùnh xe
z steering lock n. (a) lock that
stops the steering wheel being
turned when the ignition is
switched fully: Khoùa tay laùi
(b) = LOCK
z steering ratio n. the number
of degrees that the steering wheel
must be turned to pivot the front
wheels one degree: Tyû soá truyeàn
cô caáu laùi
z steering support (structure)
n. mounting locations and
reinforcements for fitting the
steering box to the bulkhead or
side member: Ñeá hoäp laùi
z steering swivel n.
STEERING KNUCKLE
z steering-swivel axis
SWIVEL AXIS
z steering-swivel inclination =
KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc
nghieâng truï quay ñöùng
z steering system n.
STEERING: Heä thoáng laùi
z steering wheel n. wheel
which is turned by the driver to
control the direction of the
vehicle: Voâ laêng laùi xe
z steering wheel and brake lock
= anti-theft device in the form of
stepless transmission
an extendable steel rod that
engages in a spoke of the steering
wheel and the brake or clutch
pedal; when locked, neither wheel
nor pedal can be operated: Baùnh
laùi vaø khoùa phanh
z steering wheel balance =
measures the steering wheel angle
in an automatic steering wheel
centring system: Caân baèng baùnh
laùi
z steering wheel centring =
adjusts the steering wheel and
steering system so that the wheel
is in its centre position when the
front wheels are pointing straight
ahead: Söï ñònh taâm baùnh laùi
z steering wheel damper =
STEERING DAMPER: Boä giaûm
chaán voâ laêng
z steering wheel puller = special
puller for removing steering
wheels: Duïng cuï caõo voâ laêng
Stellite n. proprietary range of
very hard, wear-resistant alloys
containing cobalt, chromium,
carbon, tungsten and
= molybdenum; used for tools,
castings, valve seat inserts,
= coating exhaust valves, etc.: Stelit
(hôïp kim goàm coban, crom,
vonfram vaø molipden)
stem seal n. valve stem seal between
the valve and cylinder head: Phôùt
= ñuoâi suù paùp
z step feeler gauge n. feeler
gauge with metal feeler blades;
the thickness of the blade
increases from one end of the
blade to the other: Duïng cuï ño
khe hôû coù naác
z stepless transmission n. =
335
stepped compression ring
CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE
TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp
(hoäp soá töï ñoäng)
z stepped compression ring n.
= L-SECTION RING
z stepped piston n. an obsolete
design of two-stroke pistons; the
diameter of the lower part of the
piston was larger than the top
diameter; it ran in a similarly
stepped bore and was said to give
better compression of the
incoming mixture: Pittoâng coù baäc
z stepped planet gear n. planet
gear with different diameters:
Baùnh raêng haønh tinh coù ñöôøng
kính khaùc nhau
z stepper motor n. on some
carburettor cars, stepper motors
are used to adjust the air/fuel
mixture; they are controlled by the
ECM: Motor böôùc, ñoäng cô böôùc
z step plate n. (a) small step for
climbing into a vehicle (e. g. on an
ATV or RV): Baäc leân xe
z step steering input n. rapid
change in steering angle, for
example when a steered wheel
hits an obstacle: Söï thay ñoåi
nhanh goùc laùi
sticker price n. US manufacturer's
suggested retail price (as
displayed on an afixed sticker),
usually subject to a negotiable
discount: Giaù baùn leû ñeà nghò
sticking n. (welding) fusing of the
electrode to the surface of the
piece being worked on, mainly at
the beginning of the welding
cycle: Chaûy ñaàu cöïc (haøn ñieän)
leân choã haøn
stick shift n. US gear change with a
336
stoichiometric ratio
gear lever: Söï sang soá baèng caàn
sticky clutch n. = CLUTCH DRAG
stiction n. shortened form of static
friction; the frictional force which
must be overcome to set one
object in motion when it is in
contact with another: Ma saùt laên
stiff a. not easily bent or turned:
Cöùng khoù uoán
stiffness under flexure n. a measure
of the resistance offered by a test
specimen to its tendency to bend
under the action of forces (own
weight): Ñoä cöùng döôùi beà maët
choã uoán cong
z stiff nut n. = SELF-
LOCKING NUT
Stillson wrench n. very large heavy-
duty adjustable wrench: Chìa vaën
ñai oác Stillson
stink-bomb smell n. = ROTTEN-
EGG SMELL: Muøi tröùng thoái
Stirling engine n. an external
combustion engine that uses air or
an inert gas as the working fluid
operating on a highly efficient
thermodynamic cycle: Ñoäng cô
Stirling (ñoäng cô ñoát ngoaøi)
stirrup bolt n. = U-BOLT: Bu-loâng
chöõ U
stock car n. production car (usually a
saloon) modified for a form of
racing in which the cars often
(deliberately) collide: Xe söûa laïi
ñeå ñua (cho va chaïm)
stoichiometric a. having the exact
proportions for a particular
chemical reaction: Tyû leä chính
xaùc ñuû cho phaûn öùng hoaù hoïc (lyù
töôûng)
z stoichiometric ratio = in a
spark-ignition engine, the ideal
stone chip damage
air/fuel mixture ratio of 14.7:1,
which must be maintained on
engines with dual-bed and three-
way catalytic converters: Tyû leä
hoøa khí lyù töôûng (ñoäng cô xaêng
14.7:1)
stone chip damage n. paintwork
defect caused by gravel or stones:
hö sôn do ñaù vaêng
z stone deflector or stone guard
or stone shield n. separate panel
fitted below the front bumper or
on the leading edge of the rear
wing to provide protection from
rocks, dirt, etc.: Taám chaén ñaù
vaêng
stop n. component which limits the
motion, travel or stroke of a
moving part: Cô caáu haïn cheá
haønh trình
(NOTE: a more informal word for
abutment)
z stop light n. (a) = BRAKE
LIGHT: Ñeøn phanh
(b) red light on a traffic signal
indicating that vehicles should
stop: Ñeøn ñoû (giao thoâng)
stopping distance n. the total amount
of time (translated into distance) a
vehicle and driver need in which
to come to a halt; the shortest
stopping distance is the reaction
(or thinking) distance (of the
driver) added to the braking
distance (of the vehicle): Khoaûng
caùch phanh (quaõng ñöôøng
phanh)
storage battery n. a rechargeable
single cell or connected group of
two or more storage cells such as
the type used in vehicles: AÉc quy
hoaëc pin naïp laïi ñöôïc
337
straightening kit
(NOTE: opposite is primary
battery)
z storage cell n. an electrolytic
cell for generating electric
energy; rechargeable by sending a
current through it in the opposite
direction to the discharging
current: Pin saïc
stove v. to dry a coat of paint in heat:
Laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng nhieät
z stoving n. process of drying or
curing a paint coating by the
application of heat; immediately
after stoving, the paint film is still
soft, taking some time to harden:
Quaù trình laøm khoâ lôùp sôn baèng
nhieät
straight-cut gear n. = SPUR GEAR:
Baùnh raêng truï troøn
z straight edge n. rule-type
toolwithout graduation for
checking, e. g. warp of cylinder
block and head: Thöôùc thaúng
khoâng chia ñoä duøng cho kieåm tra
khoái vaø naép xy lanh
z straight eight n. an eight-
cylinder in-line engine: Ñoäng cô
taùm xy lanh thaúng haøng
z straight engine n. = IN-LINE
ENGINE: Ñoäng cô thaúng haøng
z straightening bench n.
workbench or fixture equipped to
hold single panels such as doors or
bonnets for straightening and
metalworking jobs: Baøn keïp cuûa
thôï ñoàng ñeå giöõ chaët taám kim
loaïi khi laøm ñoàng
z straightening kit or set =
power jacks used to straighten
localized body damage,
essentially comprising special ram
cylinders, pumps, attachments,
straight-line stability
and extensions: Boä ñoà ngheà naén
thaúng
z straight-line stability n. =
DIRECTIONAL STABILITY
z straight pattern snips n. snips
with cutting blades designed for
straight cuts on sheet metal
material: Keùo caét thaúng (taám
kim loaïi)
z straight six n. a six-cylinder
in-line enigne: Ñoäng cô thaúng
haøng saùu xy lanh
z straight-through silencer n.
type of absorption silencer with a
single perforated tube surrounded
by sound-absorbing fibre which
creates less back pressure and
consequent loss of power than
other types: Boä giaûm thanh moät
oáng thaúng suoát
z straight weight (engine) oil n.
= SINGLE-GRADE (ENGINE)
OIL: Daàu nhôùt ñôn caáp
strainer n. wire mesh filter, as used
in an oil pump strainer in the
sump: Löôùi loïc daàu
strand n. one of a number of wires
twisted together to form an
electrical conductor or cable: Daây
ñieän beän töø nhieàu sôïi
strangler n. (informal) old name for
choke: Teân cuõ cuûa böôùm gioù
z strap wrench n. tool for
loosening and tightening round or
irregularly shaped objects such as
oil filters, featuring a strap which
is wrapped around the object, and
a lever or key by means of which
the object is turned: Duïng cuï
thaùo laép loïc nhôùt
stratified charge n. in a SI engine,
an air/fuel charge which consists
338
stress corrosion cracking
mainly of a lean mixture and a
small layer or pocket of rich
mixture; the rich mixture is ignited
first, then ignition spreads to the
leaner mixture filling the rest of
the combustion chamber: Söï naïp
phaân taàng
straw n. convenient DIY tool for
blowing debris from the sparking
plug recess before plug removal:
Duïng cuï töï laøm ñeå thoåi saïch loã
bougie
streak n. a long thin trace of dirt:
Veát baån moûng daøi
streamline v. to design the shape
of a car body or lorry cab so that it
reduces air resistance to a
minimum: Thieát keá thaân xe khí
ñoäng hoïc
street car n. US = TRAM(CAR):
Xe chôû khaùch coâng coäng chaïy
baèng ñieän, chaïy treân ñöôøng ray;
xe ñieän
strength n. the stress at which
material ruptures or fails: Söùc
beàn, ñoä beàn
stress n. force causing deformation
or strain: ÖÙng suaát
z stress concentration = a
condition in which a stress
distribution has high localized
stresses; usually induced by an
abrupt change in the shape of a
member (often in the vicinity of
notches etc.): Söï taäp trung öùng
suaát
z stress corrosion cracking
(SSC) = cracking due to stress
corrosion and straining of a metal
due to residual or applied stresses:
veát nöùt do öùng suaát trong quaù
trình aên moøn
stress cracking
z stress cracking or fracturing =
damage of parts, especially body
panels, subject to constant
overload caused by improper
mounting; this introduces strain
into the panels, causing them
eventually to crack: Gaõy do öùng
suaát
stretch limo n. (informal) limousine
that has been lengthened to
provide extra seating and more
legroom: Xe hôi to sang troïng coù
kính ngaên giöõa taøi xeá vaø haønh
khaùch daøi hôi bình thöôøng
strip v. to tear off or break the thread
from a screw, bolt, etc. or the
teeth from a gear: Laøm hö ren,
hö raêng
strobe lamp/light n. (informal) =
STROBOSCOPE: Ñeøn caân löûa
z stroboscope n. = TIMING
LIGHT: Ñeøn caân löûa
z stroboscope ignition timing n.
= DYNAMIC IGNITION
TIMING: Ñeøn caân thôøi ñieåm
ñaùnh löûa
stroke 1 n. (a) any of a series of
continuous, often reciprocating,
movements; a cycle: Thì, kyø
(b) in a reciprocating engine, the
distance between the highest and
lowest points reached by the
piston: Khoaûng chaïy pittoâng
2 v. to modify the stroke of an
engine, by using a different
crankshaft to increase or reduce
displacement; stroking normally
refers to an increase in cc or litre:
Thay ñoåi khoaûng chaïy
Stromberg carburettor n. a type of
variable venturi carburettor: Boä
cheá hoøa khí Stromberg (loaïi boä
339
strut
cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn
thay ñoåi)
structural part n. any part of a
vehicle that plays a role in
ensuring the rigidity and integrity
of the vehicle as a whole and that,
if it collapses, could make the
vehicle unsafe: Caùc chi tieát ñoùng
vai troø an toaøn cuûa xe
strut n. (a) a structural member,
especially as part of a framework,
used to stiffen, give strength or
carry weight: Thanh choáng
(b) = SUSPENSION STRUT:
Thanh giaèng heä thoáng treo
z strut rod n. = PUSH BAR
stub axle n. short axle that carries
one of the front wheels and has
limited angular movement about a
kingpin: Truïc ngaén (noái vôùi baùnh
tröôùc)
z stubby screwdriver n. =
CHUBBY SCREWDRIVER
stud n. (a) threaded fastener without
a head; similar to a grub screw,
but with an unthreaded portion
roughly in the middle; typically
used for nut and stud assembly of
alloy parts, e. g. to attach
manifolds to alloy cylinder heads
or to secure the cylinder head to
the cylinder block. The stud is
screwed into a threaded hole until
the run-out threads in the metal of
the stud jam in the first thread in
the hole; studs should never reach
the bottom of the hole: Gu roâng
z stud end = opposite end of a
stud to the nut end: Ñuoâi guroâng
z stud extractor or remover =
tool like a socket spanner for the
removal (and installation) of
stud hole
studs: Duïng cuï thaùo laép gu
roâng
z stud hole = hole in a wheel
through which the wheel studs
pass: Loã xoû guroâng treân baùnh
xe
STV = SUCTION THROTTLING
VALVE
subassembly n. an assembled unit
designed to be fitted to a larger
unit of which it is a component; e.
g. the steering gear and front
suspension or the final drive and
rear suspension: Cuïm toång
thaønh (cuïm chi tieát ñaõ raùp)
subcompact (car) n. American car
category with an overall length
less than 14ft 7in and a
wheelbase less than 8ft 4in; FWD
or 4wd: Xe oâ toâ nhoû (Myõ)
subframe n. a strong, detachable
assembly that is mounted to the
underbody of the car to support
the engine, accessories, drive
train and/or running gear: Söôøn
khung phuï (ñôõ ñoäng cô, hoäp
soá…)
subplate n. = DISTRIBUTOR
BASEPLATE: Maâm vít löûa boä
chia ñieän
substrate n. surface or layer on a
material serving as a base for
another layer or coat; e. g. base
material or base metal: lôùp neàn
substructure n. = UNDERBODY
(STRUCTURE): Caáu truùc gaàm
xe
SU carburettor n. widely used type
of variable venturi carburettor
SU: Boä cheá hoøa khí SU coù hoïng
khueách taùn thay ñoåi
suction chamber n. space above the
340
sump
piston in the piston chamber of a
variable venturi carburettor:
Buoàng huùt cuûa boä cheá hoøa khí
coù hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
z suction-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a paint pot
mounted underneath: Suùng phun
sôn coù bình sôn ôû döôùi
suction lift n. (pump) the vertical
distance, in feet, from the liquid
supply level to the pump
centreline, the pump being above
the liquid level: Chieàu cao coät
aùp (bôm)
suction line or pipe n. pipe on the
suction side of a pumping system
leading from the suction tank to
the pump: OÁng huùt (töø thuøng
ñeán bôm)
z suction side n. that side of a
pumping system or pump at which
the liquid to be pumped enters
the suction line or pump casing:
Beân huùt (bôm)
(NOTE: opposite is
dischargeside)
suction throttling valve (STV) n.
valve located at the evaporator
outlet which controls evaporator
pressure and temperature: Van ôû
ngoû ra giaøn laïnh (kieåm soaùt aùp
vaø nhieät ñoä)
suction valve grinder n. = VALVE
GRINDING TOOL
sump n. metal bowl (usually of sheet
steel or cast alloy) attached to the
bottom of the crankcase, into
which oil drains to form a
reservoir; typically carries one
gallon of motor oil: Cacte daàu ôû
döôùi ñoäng cô
(NOTE: US English is oil pan)
sump (drain) plug
z sump (drain) plug = short fat
bolt for draining the sump (when
removed): oác xaû cacte daàu
z sump gasket = gasket fitted
between the cylinder block and
the sump: Ñeäm loùt cacte daàu
z sump guard = shield fitted
under the engine to protect the
sump: Taám baûo veä cacte daàu
sun car n. (informal) = SOLAR
CAR: Xe söû duïng naêng löôïng
maët trôøi
z sun gear or sun wheel n.
central spur gear in a planetary
gear set meshing with the planet
gears: Baùnh raêng maët trôøi
z sun roof (sr) n. panel (often
translucent) in the roof of a car
which may be tilted or slid open,
either manually or electrically to
provide extra light and/or
ventilation: Cöûa mui (oâ cöûa ôû noùc
xe oâ toâ coù theå môû ra ñeå khoâng
khí vaø aùnh naéng loït vaøo), cöûa
trôøi
z sunshield n. tinted strip of
transparent vinyl attached to the
top of the windscreen to cut glare
from the sun: Daõi nhöïa maøu daùn
phía treân kính tröôùc ñeå che
naéng
(NOTE: also called a windscreen
shadeband)
z sun visor n. (a) highed flap
above the windscreen that can be
pulled down to shield the driver's
or front seat passenger's eyes
from sunlight; often contains a
vanity mirror on the inside: Taám
che naéng phía treân kính chaén
tröôùc
z sun wheel see SUN GEAR:
341
surface gap sparking plug
Baùnh raêng maët trôøi
super n. petrol with a high octane
rating, typically 98: Xaêng super
(coù chæ soá octane cao)
supercharge v. (a) to increase the
intake pressure of an internal
combustion engine with a
supercharge: Taêng aùp
z supercharger n. device such
as a positive displacement
compressor or dynamic
compressor used to improve the
volumetric efficiency and power
output of internal combustion
engines by raising the intake
pressure, thus increasing the
amount of air drawn in: Boä taêng
aùp, boä taêng khí neùn cho ñoäng cô
(NOTE: largely superseded in
cars by the turbocharger)
supplementary inflatable restraint
(SIR) or supplementary
restraint system (SRS) n. air
bag: Heä thoáng tuùi khí
suppressor n. electrical device used
in car circuits to damp out and
filter out radio or TV interference
caused mainly by the ignition
system and battery circuit: Boä
phaän choáng nhieãu
surface discharge plug n. =
SURFACE GAP SPARKING
PLUG
z surface gap n. spark gap of a
surface gap sparking plug in which
the sparks glide over the insulator-
filled gap: Khe hôû ngang (loaïi
bougie khoâng coù ñieän cöïc bìa)
(NOTE: opposite is spark air
gap)
z surface gap sparking plug =
type of sparking plug in which the
surface ignition
spark is fired across the insulator
surface between the centre
electrode and the shell; there is no
side electrode: Bougie khoâng coù
ñieän cöïc bìa
z surface ignition n. ignition
initiated by hot spots in the engine
cylinder rather than by a timed
spark: Söï chaùy sôùm do caùc ñieåm
noùng trong xy lanh
z surface resistance n. the
electrical resistance of the surface
of an insulator: Ñieän trôû beà maët
surface tack n. a condition occurring
after filler is applied to a panel
surface, characterized by the fact
that the filler will not cure in
certain places: Tình traïng khoâng
dính ma tít
surface-type filter n. filter design in
which particles accumulate on the
surface, e. g. of a folded paper
element; typical design of air and
cartridge-type oil filters: Boä loïc
gioù hoaëc nhôùt baèng giaáy xeáp
surge n. unevenness in the power
output of an engine caused by: (i)
irregular fuel supply due to the
clog ging of a filter or a main jet,
or to too lean an air/fuel mixture;
(ii) an ignition fault due to
misfiring: Ñoäng cô ôû tình traïng
khoâng oån ñònh (noå khoâng ñeàu)
suspension n. (a) system of springs,
arms and dampers which supports
the body of a vehicle and insulates
it and its occupants from road
shocks transmitted by the wheels:
Heä thoáng treo
(b) mixture of fine, non-settling
particles of any solid within a
liquid or gas: Chaát loûng coù nhöõng
342
suspension subframe
haït chaát raén nhoû li ti lô löûng
trong ñoù (theå vaån)
suspension aids n. accessories
designed to reinforce the rear
suspension when carrying heavy
loads or towing caravans or
trailers; they include: extra,
single-leaf springs, coil springs,
and heavy duty spring dampers:
Nhöõng boä phaän gia coá heä thoáng
treo su khi taûi naëng
z suspension link n. any arm
which links the chassis to the axle:
Thanh lieân keát heä thoáng treo
z suspension mounting n. sheet
metal parts, bores, etc. on the
underbody designed to locate the
axles and springs on the body:
Giaù heä thoáng treo
z suspension sphere n.
pressurized, nitrogen-filled sphere
used in hydropneumatic
suspension systems: Khoái caàu
ñieàu aùp, ñöôïc laøm ñaày Nitô duøng
trong heä thoáng treo khí
z suspension strut n. unitary
construction of spring and damper
elements; depending on whether
the hub carrier is mounted to
thespring or the damper element,
the suspension strut is referred to
either as a damper strut or as a
MacPherson strut: Thanh giaèng
heä thoáng treo (loø xo vaø oáng
nhuùn)
z suspension subframe n.
suspension layout absorbing noise
and vibration, in which all
suspension elements are mounted
on an insulated, detachable
suspension subframe: Khung phuï
gaén heä thoáng treo
SV engine
SV engine n. = SIDE-VALVE
ENGINE
SW (short for) switch; to be found on
the coil terminal connected to the
ignition switch: Coâng taéc
swash plate n. a rotating disc or face
plate on a shaft that is inclined at
an oblique angle to the axis of
rotation and either imparts
reciprocating motion to push rods
or plungers parallel to the shaft
axis, as in a swash plate pump or,
conversely, converts reciprocating
motion to rotation (replacing the
crankshaft), as in a swash plate
motor: Maët quay nghieâng bieán
chuyeån ñoäng quay thaønh tònh
tieán
sway bar n. US = ANTI-ROLL BAR
swept volume n. that part of the
cylinder capacity that is swept by
the pistons on their up and down
strokes, i. e. the volume through
which a piston moves in one
stroke, formed by the bore
diameter and the piston stroke:
theå tích ñaåy
swing arm suspension or swing axle
n. independent suspension system
in which each axle pivots near the
centre of the vehicle and the
movement of the axle changes the
angle of camber: Tay ñoøn di ñoäng
heä thoáng treo ñoäc laäp
swirl n. rotary or swirling motion
given to the charge mixture as it
enters a cylinder by offsetting the
inlet tract: Söï xoaùy
z swirl chamber = small chamber
or cavity in the cylinder head to
promote swirl in the indirect
injection combustion system of a
343
synergetic or synergistic effect
diesel engine: Buoàng chaùy xoaùy
loác
swivel 1 v. to turn or swing about a
point:Xoay quanh moät ñieåm
2 n. = STEERING KNUCKLE
z swivel angle n. = KINGPIN
INCLINATION
z swivel axis n. = KINGPIN
AXIS
z swivel axis inclination =
KINGPIN INCLINATION: Goùc
nghieâng truï quay ñöùng
z swivel pin n. = KINGPIN
symmetric rim n. rim type in which
the rim well is located
symmetrically on the wheel
centreline: Vaønh baùnh xe ñoái
xöùng
(NOTE: opposite is asymmetric
rim)
synchromesh n. device in
manual gearboxes that
automatically matches the rotating
speeds oftransmission gears as
they are about to mesh: Boä ñoàng
toác
synchronize v. to make two things
happen at the same time, or to
move at the same speed: Laøm cho
ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
z synchronize n. device which
synchronizes: Thieát bò laøm cho
ñoàng boä, ñoàng toác
synchronous motor n. an
alternating-current motor that runs
at a speed that is equal to or is a
multiple of the frequency of the
supply (e. g. the drive motor of
electric powered vehicles): Ñoäng
cô ñoàng boä
synergetic or synergistic effect n.
protective effect occurring as a
synthesizer system pressure regulator

result of the combination of a z synthetic rubber n. synthetic

metallic and an additional organic
coating: Hieäu öùng baûo veä nhôø
keát hôïp giöõa kim loaïi vaø chaát
phuû höõu cô
synthesizer n. device which
generates quartz-controlled
frequency steps in a PLL circuit:
Thieát bò phaùt ra taàn soá ñieàu
khieån thaïch anh trong maïch
PLL
synthetic engine oil n. non-
petroleum based oil; more
expensive than mineral oil but
more resistant to breakdown at
high temperatures and less viscous
at low temperatures: Daàu nhôùt
toång hôïp
products with properties similar to
those of natural rubber, including
elasticity and ability to be
vulcanized; usually produced by
the polymerization or
copolymerization of petroleum-
derived olefins or other
unsaturated compounds: Cao su
toång hôïp
system pressure regulator n. (K-
jetronic) basically a pressure
relief valve located on the fuel
distributor: Boä ñieàu tieát aùp suaát
(van giaûm aùp trong phun K)

344
T tail light box
Tt
T letter on the sidewall of type
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (190 km/h or
118 mph): Kyù töï treân voû xe chæ
toác ñoä toái ña cho pheùp 190 km/h
tab n. not a continuous flange as
provided at the top mounting of a
wing, but a short flange section to
provide localized fitting of one
panel to another: vaáu, maáu
z tab washer n. washer with a
tab that may be hammered against
a flat side of a nut, or into a hole in
the surface, or over an edge, in
order to secure the nut to the
surface on which it bears: long ñeàn
choáng xoay
TAC = THERMOSTATIC AIR
CLEANER
tachograph or (informal) tacho n.
a tachometer that produces a
graphical record of its readings,
especially used to record the speed
and distance covered by a heavy
goods vehicle (thus theoretically
making it easier to check on a
driver’s speed and the length of
time spent driving between rest
periods): Ñoàng hoà toác ñoä coù ghi
laïi toác ñoä vaø quaõng ñöôøng chaïy
z tachometer or (informal)
tach(o) n. instrument in the
instrument panel, electronically
operated by the ignition system,
which indicates engine rpm with an
analogue or digital read-out; red
areas indicate dangerous engine
operating speeds: Ñoàng hoà ño toác
ñoä quay ñoäng cô
(NOTE: also informally called a
345
rev counter)
TAC system n. contact breaker
ignition system developed by
Lucas, controlled by two
transistors, one serving as a power
output transistor: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
löûa baùn daãn coù vít cuûa Lucas.
tail n. the rear: Phía sau, phía ñuoâi
z tailboard n. board at the rear
of a lorry or pick-up that can be
removed or let down on a hinge:
Taám böûng sau (xe taûi nhoû hoaëc
lôùn)
tailgate n. estate cars and most
hatchback saloons feature a large
rear lid that includes the rear
window and opens to give access
to the whole interior: Cöûa haäu cuûa
xe 5 cöûa.
(NOTE: US English is liftgate)
tailgating n. driving so close to the
vehicle in front as to be affected
by its slip stream; a very dangerous
practice as available reaction time
is reduced to a minimum: Chaïy xe
quaù saùt sau moät xe khaùc
z tail heavy a. description of the
towing vehicle if the being towed
is too heavy: Naëng ñuoâi (khi keùo
xe).
z tail lift see BRAKE DIVE
z tail light or lamp n. red rear
light that illuminates as soon as
the lights are switched on, to
indicate the presence of a vehicle
from the rear.: Ñeøn ñuoâi
tail light box n. a deep-drawn panel
spotwelded into the tail light
aperture to take the complete
tail (light) panel
tail light cluster: Hoäp ñeøn sau
z tail (light) panel = REAR
PANEL: Baûng ñeøn sau
z tail light surround = REAR
LIGHT SURROUND: Ñöôøng vieàn
bao quanh cuïm ñeøn sau
tailpipe n. last pipe of the exhaust
system which fits behind the
silence and extends to the rear of
the vehicle: OÁng poâ, oáng thaûi
z tailpipe expander = special
automotive tool used for reshaping
and expanding tailpipes evenly, to
assure a tight fit and prevent
exhaust leaks: duïng cuï goø oáng poâ
z tailshaft n. = GEARBOX
OUTPUT SHAFT
take up v. (clutch) to begin to transmit
the drive when the clutch is
engaged: Baét ñaàu truyeàn ñoäng
khi nhaû ly hôïp
z take-up n. the act of taking
up : A sharp take-up of the drive
causes a sudden jerk: Nhaû nhanh
ly hôïp .
talc n. a soft mineral; a basic
magnesium silicate usually
occurring in foliated, granular, or
fibrous masses, used in the
manufacture of electrical
insulators: Ñaù tan, boät tan (laøm
vaät lieäu caùch ñieän).
talking warning system n. using the
car radio speakers, this
microprocessor-based system tells
the driver the source of the
problem in a clear, pleasant
(female) voice; if the radio is on at
the time of the alert, the computer
automatically turns down the
volume so the warning can be
heard.: Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng
346
taper-breaking tool
noùi (qua loa xe)
tamperproof carburettor n. a
carburettor with factory-adjusted
idle speed, sealed idle speed
adjustment screw, and provisions
to ensure that exhaust emission
levels remain within specified
limits over an extended period of
time: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù loã chænh
caàm chöøng ñaõ nieâm phong
tandem axle n. type of axle in which
two axles are closely coupled,
usually not more than one metre
apart : Caàu xe ñoâi.
z tandem master cylinder n.
master cylinder with two pistons;
when the brake pedal is pressed,
the pushrod activates the primary
piston which in turn moves the
secondary piston; necessary for
dual-circuit braking system : Xi
lanh caùi hai taàng trong heä thoáng
phanh (duøng cho 2 maïch daàu
phanh)
tangential-flow scavenging n. =
LOOP SCAVENGING
tank n. any container for liquit or
gas: Thuøng chöùa
z tanker n. lorry designed to
carry liquit in bulk: Xe boàn chôû
nhieân lieäu.
tap n. tool used to cut inside
threads, e.g. in a hole: Ta roâ,
thanh coát ren
z tap and die set = selection of
tools such as taps, tap holders, dies
and die stocks for cutting inside
and outside threads: Boä ta roâ vaø
baøn khuoân caét ren
z taper-breaking tool n. =
BALL JOINT SEPARATOR.:
Duïng cuï taùch khôùp noái caàu
taper cutter
z taper cutter n. tool used to
ream, deburr, align, and enlarge
holes, e.g on car bodies (NOTE:
also called tapered reamer).:
Dao khoeùt loã
z tapered compression ring n.
upper compression ring which, due
to its tapered cross-section,
requires a reduced running-in
period thus ensuring a tight seal
quickly: Seùc maêng khí (löûa) vôùi
tieát dieän hình coân
z taper(ed) leaf spring n. =
PARABOLIC SPRING: Nhíp coù
daïng paraboân.
z tapered punch n. = DRIFT
PUNCH: Caùi ñuïc hình coân
z taper roller bearing n.
bearing consisting of a cone (which
includes the rollers and the cage)
and a cone-shaped, stationary race
or cup; can accept axial thrust as
well as providing shaft location.: OÅ
bi ñuõa coân.
z taper seat (sparking plug) seal
without a gasket achieved by
mating the conical surface of the
sparking plus shell and the cylinder
head.: Ñaàu ren coân cuûa bougie
tap holder n. tool used to hold and
drive taps, reamers, and screw
extractors with two long handles to
provide high leverage for turning
operation.: Tay quay taroâ
tappet n. (in valve gear) usually
cup-shaped element (one for each
vale) which slides on the cam
lobes and converts the rotary
motion of the vales; the tappets
actuate either pushrods, rocker
arms, or values directly: Con ñoäi
suù paùp.
347
TBI
z tappet adjusting screw =
VALVE ADJUSTING SCREW
z tappet gasket = ROCKER
COVER GASKET
z tappet wrench = wrench
designed for adjusting value
clearances on OHV-engines with
bucket tappet assembly that use an
adjusting screw instead of value
shims for adjustment: Chìa vaën
ñai oác con ñoäi suù paùp.
tapping plate n. = HINGE
TAPPING PLATE
z tap spanner = TAP HOLDER
tarnish v. to discolour due to the
formation of a thin film of oxide,
sulphide, or some other corrosion
product.: Phai maøu sôn
tax disc n. (informal) road fund
licence disc displayed on the
windscreen to show that road tax
has been paid.: Daáu chöùng nhaän
ñaõ ñoùng thueá caàu ñöôøng (gaén
treân kính xe)
taxi (cab) n. car in which passengers
are carried for a rate which is
usually recorded by a meter : Xe
taéc xi
z taxi rank = place where taxis
wait to be hired.: Beán xe taéc xi
t.b. = TOW BAR. : Thanh ñöôïc laép
vaøo ñaèng sau xe oâ toâ (ñeå keùo xe
khaùc).
T bar roof n. roof with a T-shaped
bar connecting windscreen and
rear section of roof: Thanh daïng
chöõ T ôû mui xe
TBI = THROTTLE BODY
INJECTION: Phun xaêng treân
böôùm ga (coù theå ñôn ñieåm hoaëc
hai ñieåm)
TC = TORQUE CONVERTER
TCI
= TWIN CARBURETTORS
TCI = TRANSISTORIZED COIL
IGNITION
z TCI-H = TRANSISTORIZED
COIL IGNITION WITH HALL
SENSOR
TCM = TRANSMISSION CONTROL
MODULE
TDC = TOP DEAD CENTRE
TDI = TURBO DIESEL ENGINE
WITH DIRECT INJECTION
Teflon n. = POLYTETRAFLUO-
ROETHYLENE
TEL = TETRAETHYL LEAD
telescopic shock absorber n. a
tubular spring damper operated by
rod and piston; the most common
type of shock adsorber: Boä giaûm
chaán kieåu oáng loàng
z telescopic steering column n.
steering column that collapses in
on itself on impact: Truï laùi kieåu
oáng loàng
tempa spare (wheel) n. spare wheel
type with considerably reduced
overall dimensions (rim width: 3.5
- 4.0 in), designed to operate at a
higher inflation pressure than the
standard tyre and wheel unit:
Baùnh xe döï phoøng kích thöôùc
nhoû
temper v. thermal treatment of
finished products ( metals, alloys,
plastics ) to remove internal
stresses: Toâi ñeå khöû öùng suaát noäi
temperature compensator n. (in
some SU carburettors) wax-type
thermostat contained in a housing
at the base of the jet head; with
increasing temperature, the wax
expands and pushes the jet
upwards, thereby reducing the
348
tensioner
effective area of the jet and
restoring the correct fuel flow: Boä
buø nhieät (cheá hoaø khí)
temperature control element n. (in
oil filter bypass valve) a
temperature-controlled valve
spring bias regulator which
controls the bypass valve as a
function of oil temperature: Van
ñieàu khieån nhieät ñoä nhôùt
z temperature of deflection
under load n. ability of a test
specimen to preserve its shape up
to a given temperature under a
given dead load; characterized by
the temperature at which the
specimen supported at both ends
and heated continually and
uniformly in a liquid heat-transfer
medium is deformed by a given
amount when the load is applied
midway between the supports:
Nhieät ñoä maø vaät thöû chòu taûi bò
voõng trong khuoân khoå (khi thöû)
z temperature valve n. =
THERMOVALVE
template n. thin metal or card sheet,
used as a pattem for cutting pieces
of wood, metal, etc. to an exact
shape.: Caùi ñuïc
temporary spare wheel n. =
SPACE-SAVING SPARE WHEEL
tensile force n. the stretching force
that acts on the windscreen header
to keep the hood taut: Löïc caêng
z tensile strength = measure of a
material’s ability to withstand
tension or stress: Söùc beàn keùo
tension (a) stretching force: Löïc
caêng
(b) = VOLTAGE: Hieäu ñieän theá
z tensioner n. device designed
tensioning spring
to maintain the tension of a timing
belt or chain: Boä caêng ñai
z tensioning spring n. spring
designed to maintain tension in a
drum brake: Loø xo giöõ ñoä caêng
trong phanh troáng
terminal n. (i) one of the
connecting points in an electric
circuit (ii) a conducting device by
which current enters or leaves at
such a points: Coïc, ñieåm noái
z terminal post = BATTERY
POST: Coïc bình
z terminal reamer = tapered
reamer-type tool used to remove
corrosion from the inside of battery
cable clamps: Duïng cuï laøm saïch
khoen gaén coïc bình (hình coân)
z terminal tower n. sockets on
the distributor cap for connecting
the ignition cables: Loã caém daây
phin treân naép delco
z terminal voltage n. the sum of
the individual battery cell
voltages: Hieäu ñieän theá cuûa aéc
quy
test bar n. test specimen with the
shape of a bar as used in the
impact resistance test: Maãu coù
daïng thanh ñöôïc duøng trong thöû
nghieäm söùc chòu ñöïng khi va
chaïm
z test-bed n. area equipped with
instruments, used for testing
machinery, engines, ect. , under
working conditions.: Baêng thöû
z test current for low
temperatures n. specification for
assessing battery starting
behaviour at low temperatures and
under given conditions; indicated
in amps on the battery case: Kieåm
349
thermal efficiency
tra doøng phoùng cuûa aéc quy ôû ñieàu
kieän nhieät ñoä thaáp
z test-drive n. a trial drive of a
car after it has been repaired, or of
a new car to decide if one likes it
enough to buy it: Söï chaïy thöû
z test-drive v. to take a car for a
test drive before purchasing it:
Chaïy thöû
z test lamp/ light n. automotive
tool used to test powered circuits
on 6 – 24 volt systems such as
headlights, horns, directional or tail
lights: Ñeøn kieåm tra maïch ñieän
tetraethyl lead (TEL) n. anti-knock
fuel additive: Chì Tetraethyl cho
vaøo xaêng ñeå choáng kích noå
z tetramethyl lead (TML) n.
anti-knock fuel additive: Chì
Tetramethyl cho vaøo xaêng ñeå
choáng kích noå
t/ glass n. = TINTED GLASS: Kính
daùn maøu (choáng choùi)
THC = TOTAL HYDROCARBONS:
Toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon
theft protection n. = ANTI-THEFT
SECURITY SYSTEM: Heä thoáng
choáng troäm
thermactor n. = THERMAL
REACTOR
thermal conduction n. heat transfer
within a substance or to another
substance by direct contact: Ñoä
daãn nhieät
z thermal convection n. heat
transfer by the combined
mechanisms of fluid mixing and
thermal conduction: Söï ñoái löu
nhieät
thermal efficiency n. the ratio of
useful work available from an
engine to the heat supplied from
thermal radiation
the fuel: Hieäu suaát nhieät
z thermal radiation n. heat
transfer from one substance to
another by means of
electromagnetic waves: Söï böùc xaï
nhieät
z thermal reactor n. device
installed in the exhaust manifold
of some air injection systems to
promote HC and CO oxidation by
providing long exhaust gas
residence times in a localized
area: Boä phaän gaén ôû oáng thaûi
giuùp taêng cöôøng oxy hoaù HC vaø
CO
z thermal time valve n. valve
which senses temperature,
typically the temperature under the
bonnet, and gives full vacuum
advance when the temperature is
below 10o C; above this
temperature, the thermal time
valve allows distributor vacuum to
be controlled by the thermal
vacuum switch; includes a delay of
typically 20 seconds to allow full
spark advance for better hot
starting: Van nhieät ñieàu khieån
ñaùnh löûa sôùm
thermal vacuum switch (TVS) n.
measures either air/ fuel
temperature, underbonnet
temperature, or coolant
temperature, or a combination of
any two to regulate the EGR valve
accordingly: Coâng taéc nhieät-chaân
khoâng
z thermal vacuum valve (TVV)
= valve with the same function as a
thermal vacuum switch: Van
nhieät- chaân khoâng
thermocouple n. an electrical
350
Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC)
temperature sensor: Caëp nhieät
ñieän (ñeå ño nhieät ñoä)
z thermocouple sparking plug
= sparking plug with a
thermocouple in the centre
electrode, used to measure the
temperatures in the individual
cylinders as a function of engine
speed and load in order to select
the correct heat range: Caëp nhieät
ñieän gaén trong bougie ñeå ño
nhieät ñoä xy lanh
thermoforming n. shaping of a
polymer sheet while heating: Uoán
nhöïa baèng nhieät
thermoplastic n. plastic material
with long chain-like molecules that
can repeatedly be softened by
heating and hardened by cooling;
most plastic parts used on vehicles
are made of thermoplastics : Nhöïa
deûo noùng
z thermoplastic elastomers =
materials which are rubbery at
room temperature but which on
heating melt to viscous liquids that
can be moulded and otherwise
processed; the change is
reversible; on cooling, the melted
material reverts to a solid material
having rubbery properties: Nhöïa
cao su khi noùng thì deûo nhöng
nguoäi laïi cöùng
thermostat n. temperature-
controlled valve located in the hot
leg between engine and radiator,
often mounted on the cylinder
head: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät, van
haèng nhieät
Thermostatic air cleaner (TAC) n.
air cleaner which also controls the
temperature of the air entering the
thermostatic interruptor
engine: baàu loïc gioù coù boä ñieàu
khieån nhieät ñoä khí naïp
thermostatic interruptor n. a needle-nose pliers with extra long
bimetallic circuit breaker in
lighting circuits which switches to
an alternative circuit in the event
of a fault or short circuit: Caùi ngaét
ñieän nhieät tónh (caùi ngaét ñieän
löôõng kim)
thermosyphon cooling n. natural
cooling, utilising the fast that two
columns of liquid at different
temperatures possess natural
circulation because the hotter
column weighs less on account of
its lower density; thus the hot
engine must be located at a lower
level than the cool radiator: söï
laøm maùt baèng ñoái löu
thermo-time switch n. a switch in a
continuous injection system that
interrupts current from the starter
solenoid to the cold start valve
solenoid when the engine is hot or
after the starter has been operated
for more than a few seconds, in
order to prevent flooding: Coâng
taéc nhieät thôøi gian
thermovalve n. valve which opens
and closes as a function of
temperature: Van nhieät
thermowell n. space which
accommodates a temperature
sensor: Choã gaén caûm bieán nhieät
ñoä
(NOTE: the term is sometimes
used with reference to the
temperature sensing point or
sensor rather than to the well
itself).
thin v. (paint) to add thinners to a
paint in order to adjust the viscosity:
351
thread
Pha loaõng sôn
z thin needle-nose pliers n.
reach jaws without a wire cutter:
Kìm moû nhoïn
thinner n. substance used to dilute
lacquer or acrylic products, as
opposed to reducers used for
synthetic enamel products: Chaát
pha loaõng sôn
z thin-wall casting n. used, for
example, as a weight-saving
measure on oil filter housings: Vaät
ñuùc coù thaønh moûng
third (gear) n. intermediate gear
used for increasing speed, climbing
hills and sometimes for overtaking:
Soá 3
z third motion shaft n. = GEAR-
BOX OUTPUT SHAFT: Truïc ra
hoäp soá
third port induction n. a design
feature of two-stroke engines that
relies on the piston position to
control induction of the fresh
charge: Coång naïp thöù ba cuûa
ñoäng cô hai kyø
third scavenging port n. (loop
scavenging) an additional transfer
port lacated opposite the exhaust
port of a two-stroke engine
cylinder and connecting through
the piston skirt to the region above
the gudgeon pin and below the
piston crown: Coång thaûi thöù ba
cuûa ñoäng cô hai kyø
thrash v. (infomal) to push an
engine to its limits: Chaïy heát ga
thread n. (i) helical ridge along the
body of a screw, bolt, etc. , formed
by a die or lathe tool (male or
external thread) : Ren ngoaøi
thread angle
(ii) helical groove in a cylindrical
hole, nut, etc., formed by a tap or
lathe tool (female or internal
thread): Ren trong
z thread angle = the angle
between the adjacent flanks of a
thread: Goùc ren (goùc giöõa hai
söôøn keá lieàn cuûa moät ñöôøng ren)
z thread crest = highest point of
screw thread, opposite the root:
Ñænh ren
z thread-cutting screw = a self-
drilling fastener that drills its own
hole, taps a mating thread, and
then fastens, all in a single
operation: Ñinh oác caét ren
z thread diameter = diameter
measured from the crest of a
thread to the corresponding crest
on the opposite side of the bolt or
screw: Ñöôøng kính ren
z thread file = tool for restoring
internal or external threads by
filing: Caùi giuõa ren
z thread gauge = SCREW
PITCH GAUGE
z thread height = distance from
roof to thread crest, measured
perpendicular to the axis of the
thread: Chieàu cao ren
z thread pitch = PITCH: Böôùc
ren
z thread pitch gauge = SCREW
PITCH GAUGE: Compa ño böôùc
ren
z thread root = lowest point of a
screw thread, where the thread
joins the body (opposite the crest):
Chaân ren
z three-door a. typical design of
sub-compact hatchbacks with two
side doors and one tailgate: Xe ba
352
three-way catalytic converter
cöûa
z three-piece alloy wheel n.
type of forged alloy wheel with a
wheel spider or wheel disc and a
divided rim consisting of an outer
and an inner rim well; the rim is
bolted to the spider or the disc:
Baùnh xe ñuùc goàm ba phaàn
z three-port engine n. the
traditional two-stroke engine
design incorporating the inlet port
connecting the crankcase to the
atmosphere, the transfer port
connecting the crankcase to the
combustion chamber, and the
exhaust port to evacuate the spent
gas from combustion chamber:
Buoàng chaùy ñoäng cô hai kyø coù ba
cöûa
(NOTE: the term is used even if
the three-port types are in pairs).
z three-speed gearbox or
transmission n. a gearbox with
three forward speeds; the usual
arrangement for automatic
gearboxes: Hoäp soá ba toác ñoä
z three-valve (engine) n.
enginewith two intake valves and
one exhaust valve per cylinder; a
four-cylinder three-valve engine is
also called a ‘12 valve engine:
Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp huùt vaø moät
suù paùp thaûi cho moãi xy lanh
z three-way catalyst (TWC) n.
catalyst for the simultaneous
conversion of the three exhaust
pollutants HC, CO, and NO: Chaát
xuùc taùc ba taùc duïng
z three-way catalytic converter
= catalytic converter for the
simultaneous control of HC, CO,
and NO, emissions: Boä xuùc taùc ba
three-wheeler
taùc duïng
three-wheeler n. a light car with
three wheels; formerly made
popular by, for example, the
Morgan, the BSA and the Coventry
Victor, now embodied by the
Reliant Robin: Xe ba baùnh
throttle n. (a) = THROTTLE
VALVE: Böôùm ga
(b) the accelerator pedal used to
control the throttle valve: Baøn ñaïp
ga
z throttle body injection (TBI)
n. = SINGLE POINT INJECTION:
Phun ñôn ñieåm
z throttle gauge n. tool with
straight calibrated measuring pins
for measuring throttle and choke
valve gaps: Duïng cuï ño khe hôû
böôùm ga
z throttle position sensor (TPS)
n. (fuel injection) switch with two
contacts for the two end positions
of the throttle valve, which sends a
signal to the electronic control unit
when the throttle valve is closed
(idle) or wide open (full load):
Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga
z throttle return spring n.
spring which forces the throttle
valve closed when pressure is
taken off the accelerator pedal: Loø
xo hoaøn löïc böôùm ga
z throttle shaft or spindle n.
shaft on which the throttle valve
disc pivots in a caburettor barrel or
inlet tract: Truïc böôùm ga
throttle solenoid n. a solenoid
which operates mechanically on
the throttle lever; when energized,
the solenoid stern extends and
opens the throttle to establish the
353
thrust bearing
preset idle speed: Solenoid böôùm
ga (ñieàu khieån caàm chöøng)
throttle valve n. (a) (in air intake,
e.g., in carburettor) a butterfly
valve in the inlet tract, designed to
provide control of power output by
limiting the amount of fresh
mixture induced: Böôùm ga
(b) (automatic transmission
control) modulator valve actuated
via either the accelerator pedal, or
the vacuum in the engine inlet
manifold, or the carburettor
throttle; it converts line pressure
into an engine-load dependent
pressure, which is directed to
various valve: Van kick-down
(hoäp soá)
z throttle (valve) switch n. =
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR:
Caûm bieán vò trí böôùm ga
z throttling n. reducing the
power output of an engine by
closing the throttle, thus restricting
airflow through the carburettor or
inlet tract: Söï giaûm ga
through bolt n. (i) generally,
anybolt which is inserted through
the parts of an assembly and
secured on the other side by a nut;
(ii) specifically, one of the two
long bolts that bolts the starter or
alternator assembly together: Bu
loâng xuyeân
throwout bearing n. US =
CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING
z throwout fork or lever n. US
= CLUTCH RELEASE LEVER
thrust bearing n. a low-friction
bearing on a rotating shaft that
resists axial thrust in the shaft;
usually consists of a collar which
thrust plate
bears against a ring of well
lubricated stationary and
sometimes tilting pads: Baïc (voøng
bi) ñôõ chaën
z thrust plate n. = DRIVEN
PLATE: Ñóa bò ñoäng
z thrust washer n. an axially
loaded washer, e.g. of a shaft
bearing: Voøng ñeäm chaën
thumb nut or thumbscrew n. a nut
or screw with projections enabling
it to be turned by thumb and
forefinger; a wing nut / screw: Ñai
oác coù tai ñeå thaùo laép baèng tay
zthumb wheel n. small wheel
for adjusting, which can be turned
by using the thumb and forefinger:
Nuùm ñieàu chænh vaën tay
thyristor n. silicon-controlled
rectifier which converts alternating
current to a uni-directional current
: thyristor
z thyristor ignition
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa ñieän dung (thyristor)
TI = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION: Ñaùnh löûa transistor
z TI-B = BREAKER-
TRIGGERED TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION (SYSTEM): Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù vít ñieàu
khieån
tickler n. carburettor starting aid:
maïch khôûi ñoäng (cheá hoaø khí)
tick over v. to run at low speed
with the throttle control closed and
the transmission disengaged; to
idle: Chaïy ôû toác ñoä thaáp vôùi
caùnh böôùm ga ñoùng vaø ñaïp ly
hôïp
z tick-over n. the speed of an
time delay relay
engine when it is ticking over: Toác
ñoä ñoäng cô khi giaûm ga
tie rod n. generally, any connecting
rod or bar, usually under tension:
Roâ tuyn, thanh noái
z tie rod end = steering ball joint
at the outer end of a tie rod: Ñaàu
roâ tuyn
z tie rod puller or separator =
special automotive tool for forcing
out joints on tie rod ends by screw
action: Duïng cuï thaùo roâ tuyn
TIG (short for) tungsten / inert gas:
Vonfram / Khí trô
z TIG welding = an inert are
welding method using a tungsten
electrode: Kyõ thuaät haøn TIG
duøng ñieän cöïc Vonfram vaø khí
trô
z TI-H = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION WITH HALL
GENERATOR: Heä thoáng ñaùnh
= löûa baùn daãn vôùiù caûm bieán Hall
z TI-I = TRANSISTORIZED
IGNITION WITH INDUCTIVE
PICK-UP: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn
daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø
tilt column n. a steering
column that can be adjusted for
height: Truïc laùi chænh ñöôïc chieàu
cao
z tilt / slide sunroof n. a
sunroof, made of steel or glass,
that slides and tilts and is operated
either manually or electrically:
Cöûa trôøi coù theå môû nghieâng hoaëc
tröôït
z tilt steering wheel n. a
steering wheel that can be adjusted
for height: Voâ laêng laùi chænh ñöôïc
ñoä cao
time delay relay n. a relay which
354
timed (fuel) injection
responds to a signal with a certain
delay: Rôle ñaùp öùng chaäm
timed (fuel) injection n. = z timing light n. stroboscopic
SEQUENTIAL FUEL INJECTION:
Phun xaêng theo thöù töï (phun
töøng kim)
timer core n. (magnetic pick-up
assembly) = TRIGGER WHEEL:
Roâto tín hieäu trong caûm bieán
ñieän töø
timing n. the setting of a mechanism
so that it acts at exactly the right
moment: Söï caân chænh (thôøi
ñieåm)
z to set the timing = to adjust the
firing of the sparking plus so that it
coincides with the piston: Ñieàu
chænh thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa
z timing belt n. plastic toothed
belt with steel cord or fibreglass
reinforcements, used to drive the
camshaft of a four-stroke engine:
Daây curoa cam
(NOTE: also called camshaft belt
or cam belt)
z timing belt tensioner (pulley) =
spring-loaded jockey pulley or
idler pulley designed to take up the
slack in the timing belt: Puli caêng
ñai daãn ñoäng truïc cam
z timing chain n. a single or
double roller chain at the engine
front that transmits crankshaft
power to the camshaft; typicaly
used in OHC-engines: Daây xích
truyeàn ñoäng truïc cam
(NOTE: also called camshaft
chain or cam chain).
z timing diagram n. a tip n. the end of a sparking plug
diagrammatic representation of the
engine timing, i.e. the times during
which the inlet and exhaust valves
355
tip
are open and closed: Bieåu ñoà
phaân phoái khí
light used to set the ignition
timing: Ñeøn caân löûa
z timing mark n. (a) (ignition
timing) timing indicator or pointer
on the engine block and rotating
mark on the flywheel for basic
ignition timing: Daáu caân löûa
(b) (valve timing; for camshafts)
alignment or indexing mark on a
timing gear or camshaft pulley
which must be lined up with
another mark to give the correct
position: Daáu caân cam
z timing rotor n. rotating part of
the pick-up assembly, in the form
of a drum with ferrite rods
embedded vertically in the outer
edge, used instead of a trigger
wheel: Roâto caûm bieán ñieän töø
loaïi nam chaâm quay
z timing shaft n.=
DISTRIBUTOR SHAFT: Truïc
delco
z timing window n. window
through which it is possible to see
the timing marks: Cöûa soå ñeå xem
daáu ñaùnh löûa (treân voû hoäp soá)
Timken (roller) bearing n. type of
taper roller bearing: OÅ bi ñuõa coân
Timken
tinted glass or tinted windows or
(informal) tints n. glass that has
been specially coloured to reduce
glare from the sun: Kính choáng
choùi (ñaõ phuû maøu)
insulator, nearest the electrode:
Phaàn söù döôùi ñieän cöïc giöõa cuûa
bougie
TML
TML = TETRAMETHYL LEAD:
Chì Tetramethyl
z toe-in n. slight inward
inclination of the leading edge of
the front wheels to improve
steering and equalize tyre wear:
Ñoä chuïm giöõa hai baùnh xe tröôùc
(nhìn töø treân xuoáng)
z toe-in angle = angle formed by
each front wheel plane and the
iongitudinal axis of the car, usually
expressed as the difference in
distance between right and left
wheel rims at front and rear,
measured at hub level.: Goùc chuïm
z toe-out n. slight outward
inclination of the leading edge of
the front wheels.: Ñoä doaõn giöõa
hai baùnh xe tröôùc (nhìn töø treân
xuoáng)
tolerance n. difference beween the
permissible maximum size and the
permissible minimum size of a
measure quantity: Dung sai
toll n. money charged for the use of a
road or bridge: Leä phí caàu, ñöôøng
z toll sticker = sticker displayed
on the windscreen denoting
payment of a toll: Nhaõn ghi leä phí
caàu ñöôøng (treân kính xe)
tommy bar n. short bar used as a
lever to provide torque for
tightening a box or socket spanner:
Caàn sieát
(NOTE: US English is cross bar).
toothed belt n. positive-action
reinforced rubber or plastic belt in
which parallel teeth engage with
grooves in a driving and a driven
wheel; commonly used for the
valve timimg gear as an
alternative: Daây ñai raêng
356
top end
top n. (a) a car roof, especially that
of a convertible: Mui xe
(b) (short for) top gear: Soá cao
nhaát
top coat n. final paint coat: Lôùp
sôn cuoái
z top coat drier or oven = oven
for drying or stoving the final paint
coat: Loø saáy lôùp sôn cuoái
z top dead centre (TDC) n. the
position when the piston has
reached the upper limit of its travel
in the cylinder and the centre line
of the connecting rod is parallel to
the cylinder walls: Ñieåm cheát
treân
z before top dead centre
(BTDC) = the period before a
piston reaches TDC; the time when
ignition occurs: Tröôùc ñieåm cheát
treân
z after top dead centre (ATDC)
= the period after a piston has
reached TDC and begins to
descend; maximum thrust is
developed between 10oC and 15oC
ATDC: Sau ñieåm cheát treân
(NOTE: opposite is bottom dead
centre (BDC) ; the corresponding
point (to TDC) in a horizontally
opposed or ‘flat’ engine is that
closest to the combustion chamber,
also called inner dead centre)
z top electrode n. (sparking
plug) earth electrode protruding
above centre electrode, either full
coverage type or set back slightly
from the far edge of the centre
electrode: Ñieän cöïc bìa bougie
z top end n. the upper range of
engine revolutions: Vuøng toác ñoä
cao cuûa ñoäng cô
top end gasket set / kit
z top end gasket set / kit n. set
which includes all the seals, O-ring
and gaskets required for the
assembly of the cylinder and
cylinder head: Boä roong, phôùt ñeå
laép naép maùy.
z top gear n. highest available
gear: Soá cao nhaát
z top land n. = HEAD LAND:
Ñænh pittoâng.
z top-of-the-range model n. the
most powerful and expensive
model in a particular
manufacture’s range: Kieåu xe cao
caáp nhaát trong moät doøng xe
z top speed n. the maximum
speed of a vehicle: Toác ñoä toái ña
cuûa xe
z top tints n. tinsted stripe at the
upper edge of the windscreen:
Kính tröôùc coù daõi maøu phía treân
phaàn kính maøu phía treân
z top up (with) v. to raise the
level of a liquid in a container to
the required level: Ñoå ñaày
z top up with distilled water =
add distilled water to the battery so
that the plates are covered: Chaâm
ñaày nöôùc caát vaøo bình aéc quy
torpedo body n. early type of
touring car with a streamlined
torpedo-like body: Thaân xe coù
hình daùng gioáng quaû ngö loâi
torque 1 n. mechanical force that
causes rotation: Moâ men quay, moâ
men xoaén, löïc xoaén
2 v. (informal) to tighten with a
torque spanner: Sieát chaët vôùi caàn
sieát löïc
z torque arm n. T-shaped
extrusion of the rear axle casing to
take up forward thrust of the
357
torque spanner
driven axle: Phaàn voû chöõ T cuûa
caàu sau
z torque converter (TC) n. type
of coupling device used with most
automatic gearboxes, consisting of
rotating and static vance assembly,
by which torque can be transmitted
to a fluid held in a sealed
container, which in turn drives a
rotor: Boä bieán moâ
z torque converter drive plate =
DRIVE PLATE: Ñóa daãn ñoäng boä
bieán moâ
z torque converter housing =
BELL HOUSING: Voû boä bieán moâ
z torque converter (lock-up)
clutch = automatically engaged
clutch in a lock-up torque
converter; prevents slipping losses:
Ly hôïp khoùa boä bieán moâ
z torque curve n. graph which
shows engine torque as a function
of engine speed: Ñöôøng ñaëc tính
moment theo soá voøng quay (ñaëc
tính toác ñoä)
z torque limiter n. tool used in
conjunction with a plug spanner
which allows the controlled
tightening of sparking plugs by
releasing automatically once a
preset torque setting is reached:
Cô caáu haïn cheá momen xoaén
trong ñaàu vaën bougie
z torque screwdriver n.
screwdriver with a device that
measures the amount of torque
being applied: Caùi tuoác nô vit coù
boä phaän ño löïc sieát
z torque spanner n. spanner
with a device for measure the
amount of torque applied on a nut
or bolt; used for threaded fasteners
torque split
with a critical tightening torque,
such as cylinder head bolts, alloy
wheel lugs, suspension links, etc:
Caàn sieát löïc
ztorque split n. distributing
torque between front and rear
axles in a 4wd vehicle: Söï phaân
phoái moâmen giöõa 2 caàu
torque wrench n. = TORQUE
SPANNER : Caàn sieát löïc
Torsen differential n. ‘torque-
sensing‘ differential system
incorporating a worm and roller
mechanism: Boä vi sai Torsen (cô
caáu keát hôïp baùnh vít – truïc vít)
z Torsen four-wheel drive =
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive incorporating a Torsen
differential: daãn ñoäng hai caàu vôùi
boä vi sai Torsen
torsion n. the train on a part or
component produced by torque:
Söï xoaén
torsional stiffness n. resistance
against torsional loads, specified in
newton-meter per angular degree
of body twisting: Ñoä choáng xoaén
torsional vibration damper n. (i)
generally, any device that reduces
torional vibrations (ii)
specifically, the small flywheel on
the front end of a crankshaft: Boä
giaûm dao ñoäng xoaén
z torsion bar n. metal bar
attached at one end to the body
and at the other to the axle, which
acts as a torsional spring when
twisted by the movement of the
car: Thanh xoaén (noái töø cuoái thaân
xe ñeán caàu)
z torsion damper n. =
TORSIONAL VIBRATION
358
tow
DAMPER
total hydrocarbons (THC) n.
measurement of all hydrocarbons
emitted by the exhaust system: Ño
toång soá löôïng Hydrocacbon ñöôïc
thaûi ra bôûi heä thoáng xaû
z total-loss lubrication n. the
components of the conventional
two-stroke engine with crankcase
scavenging are lubricated by the
oil added to the fuel; since the oil
is burnt along with the fuel, fresh
oil is constantly fed to the
lubrication points inside the
engine: Söï boâi trôn baèng caùch
theâm nhôùt vaøo nhieân lieäu
z touch up v. to repair minimal
blemishes in the paintwork, e.g.
those caused by stone chippings or
scratches: Sôn laïi choã traày nhoû
treân thaân xe (do ñaù vaêng)
toughened windcreen n. windcreen
made of toughened glass which, on
impact, will not shatter like
ordinary glass but fractures into
small pieces and crazes over;
laminated glass is nowadays the
preferred material: Kính cöùng
nhieàu lôùp
touring car or tourer n. an early
type of convertible, often with a
folding top, seating five or more
passengers: Xe mui traàn 5 choã
tow v. (i) to pull a trailer or caravan
behide a vehicle by means of
atowing hitch: Keùo rô mooùc baèng
moùc keùo
(ii) to pull a disabled vehicle
behind another vehicle by means
of a rope, cable or rigid bar: Keùo
xe khaùc theo baèng daây caùp hoaëc
thanh cöùng
towable
z towable a. (i) capable of being
towed: Coù theå ñöôïc keùo
(ii) description of a car after an
accident: Xe bò ñuïng
z tow away v. to remove
unauthorized (e.g. illegally parked)
vehicle, thus incurring a hefty fine
for the owners: Keùo xe ñi bôûi
caûnh saùt do phaïm luaät
z towball or towing ball n.
metal ball on a towing bracket onto
which a trailer or caravan is
coupled: Moùc keùo xe
(NOTE: US English is hitch ball).
z tow bar n. (a) crossbar of a
towing bracket onto which the
towball is mounted: Ñoøn gaén moùc
keùo
(b) rigid bar used for towing
disabled vehicle short distances:
Thanh cöùng keùo xe
(c) = DRAWBAR: Ñoøn keùo
tower jack n. tower with a solid foot
and an arm at right angles which
fits into a slot in the side of a car
and is would up the tower to raise
the vehicle: Caùi kích con ñoäi
daïng thaùp
towing bracket n. structure attached
to the rear of a car to enable a
trailer or caravan to be towed;
consists of one or two brackets, a
towbar and towball: Moùc ñeå keùo
(tröôùc xe)
z towing eye or towing lug n.
steel ring fitted to the chassis of a
car to which a towrope can be
attached: Loã moùc xích keùo
z towrope n. rope, or textile or
plastic covered cable,ususally no
longer than 5 metres, used for
towing another vehicle: Daây keùo
359
traction control system
xe
Toyota n. the largest car manufacture
in Japan and the third largest in the
world (after GM and Ford): Haõng
xe Toyota.
TPS = THROTTLE POSITION
SENSOR
track n. (vehicle geometry) distance
between the centres of the contact
patches of two wheels on a
common axle: Beà roäng cô sôû cuûa
xe
(NOTE: US English is tread)
z track bar n. = PANHARD
ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
z tracking n. (a) correct
alignment of the wheels; adjusted
by means of the track rods: Chænh
ñoä chuïm baùnh xe
z tracking mark n. telltale sign
on the distributor cover or ignition
cables indicating a leakage of
current: Veát roø ñieän cao aùp
z track rod n. one of the
transverse bars connecting the
steering system to the steering
arms; the link between the drop
arm and the steering-knuckle arm:
Roâ tuyn
(NOTE: also called tie rod).
traction n. (a) pulling force: Löïc keùo.
(b) adhesive friction between the
tyre and the road surface; gripping
power: Khaû naêng baùm cuûa baùnh
xe.
z traction avant (French for)
front wheel drive: Baùnh tröôùc chuû
ñoäng.
z traction control system n. =
ANTI-SPIN REGULATION: Heä
thoáng ñieàu khieån löïc keùo (choáng
quay xe)
traction differential
z traction differential n. =
LIMITED-SPIN DIFFERENTIAL:
Boä vi sai coù khoùa choáng quay
z tractive conversion n. =
STALL TORQUE RATIO
traffic n. vehicles travelling along a
road or street: Xe coä treân ñöôøng
z trafficator n. = SEMAPHORE
INDICATOR
z traffic circle n. US roundabout:
Voøng xoay
z traffic island n. raised area in
the middle of a road designed to
separate two flows of traffic and to
provide a safe temporary stopping
place for pedestrians crossing the
road: Con löôn daønh cho ngöôøi ñi
boä ñöùng traùnh xe
z traffic jam n. a number of
vehicles stopped behind one
another on a road: Söï uøn taéc giao
thoâng, keït xe
z traffic light n. red, amber, and
green lights on a traffic signal
placed at junctions to regulate the
flow of traffic: Ñeøn tín hieäu giao
thoâng
trail n. = CASTOR
trailer n. (a) a, usually two-wheeled,
vehicle designed to be towed
behind a car: Xe moùc
(b) the goods-containing part of an
articulated lorry that is drawn by
the cab: Toa moùc
(c) US caravan: Xe nhaø löu ñoäng
trailling arm or link n. rear
suspension link which supports the
wheel behide the pivot point: Ñoøn
keùo heä thoáng treo sau
tram (car) n. electrically driven
public transport vehicle which runs
on rails laid in the surface of the
360
Transistorized coil ignition
road and which is usually powered
by an overhead cable: Xe chôû
khaùch coâng coäng chaïy baèng ñieän
(xe ñieän)
(NOTE: US English is street car).
z tramline or tramway n. the
rails along which a tram runs:
Ñöôøng ray xe ñieän
tranny n. US (informal) =
TRANSMISSION: Hoäp soá
transaxle n. combination of
transmission and differential
typical of FWD cars with
transverse engines: Cuïm hoäp soá
vaø caàu cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang
z transaxle housing = usually an
aluminium casting for the
transaxle: Voû hoäp soá vaø caàu
transfer (gear) box or transfer case
n. gearbox that transfers an input
drive between two shafts, e.g.
between front and rear axle in
four-wheel drive vehicles: Hoäp soá
phuï
z transfer plate n. adapter plate
in the control valve assembly of
automatic transmissions, used to
direct the fluid flow between
adjacent valve bodies: Taám
chuyeån doøng chaûy (hoäp soá töï
ñoäng)
z transfer port n. port in the
cylinder of a two-stroke engine
through which the compressed
combustible air/fuel mixture enters
the combustion chamber from the
crankcase: Cöûa naïp (ñoäng cô hai
kyø)
Transistorized coil ignition (TCI)
(system) n. =
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
(SYSTEM): Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn
transistorized ignition (system)
duøng transistor
z transistorized coil ignition with
Hall sensor (TCI-H) = (b) the drive train system from
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
WITH HALL GENERATOR:
Ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm bieán
Hall
z transistorized ignition (system)
(TI) = ignition system using a
transistor as a power switch;
available as breaker-triggered TI
with contact breaker or as
breakerless TI with magnetic pick-
up or Hall generator: Heä thoáng
ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn
z transistorized ignition system
with inductive pulse generator =
TRANSISTORIZED IGNITION
WITH INDUCTIVE PICK-UP: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm
bieán ñieän töø
z transistorized ignition with
Hall generator (TI-H) = there are
two types of TI-H; in one version,
the dwell angle is determined by
the width of the rotor vanes in the
distributor; the other version
contains a circuit for automatic
dwell angle control incorporated in
the electronic control unit: Heä
thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn daãn coù caûm
bieán Hall
z transistorized ignition with
inductive or magnetic pick-up
(TI-I) = transistorized ignition
system with a magnetic pick-up in
the distributor and an electronic
control unit for signal processing,
with curent and dwell angle
control: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa baùn
daãn coù caûm bieán ñieän töø
transmission n. (a) the transference
361
transmission cover
of motive force or power: Söï
truyeàn löïc hoaëc coâng suaát
clutch to final drive (c) US
gearbox: Boä truyeàn löïc, hoäp soá
z transmission controlled spark
(TCS) n. system to reduce the
emission of nitrous oxides by
which a vacuum solenoid and a
switch in the transmission system
prevents the distributor’s vacuum
advance mechanism from
operating in the lower gears and at
low speed: Ñieàu khieån löûa ñeå
giaûm haøm löôïng NOx qua cô caáu
ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng taùc
ñoäng nhôø coâng taéc ôû hoäp soá
z transmission control module
(TCM) n. electronic automatic
transmission control unit which
computes data on the actuoácl
operating conditions of the vehicle
and generates corresponding signal
pulses for the solenoid valve of the
hydraulic control system; may also
exchange data with other
electronic control units: Hoäp ñieän
töû ñieàu khieån hoäp soá töï ñoäng
z transmission control system n.
hydraulic or electro-hydraulic
system which controls the changes
of ratio in automatic transmissions
corresponding to engine load,
vehicle speed, positions of the
selector lever, and shift mode
button.: Heä thoáng ñieàu khieån hoäp
soá
z transmission cover n. a
removable part of the floorpan
usually located at the front end of
the centre tunnel in cars with a
longitudinally mounted engine;
transmission extension (housing)
provides better access to the top of
the gearbox for maintenance and
adjustment purposes: Voû hoäp soá
(cho ñoäng cô naèm doïc)
z transmission extension
(housing) n. rear-wheel drive
transmission housing enclosing an
extended main shaft, sometimes
accommodating the gear lever and
associated mechanism: Voû caàu sau
z transmission governor n. =
GOVERNOR: Boä ñieàu toác
z transmission housing n.
housing containing the gearbox
and final drive on front-wheel
drive cars with transverse engines
in which housing and clutch are at
opposite ends of the engine: Voû
hoäp soá (cho ñoäng cô naèm ngang)
transmitter n. (e.g. of radio remote
control system) device that
transmits electrical or radio
signals: Boä phaùt tín hieäu voâ tuyeán
(ñieàu khieån töø xa)
( NOTE: opposite is receiver).
transporter n. large articulated lorry
for transporting several cars (on
two or three decks): Loaïi xe to
duøng ñeå chôû oâ toâ
Transverse engine n. the typical
engine arrangement on FWD
subcompact cars with the engine
mounted across the car, which
reduces the length of the engine
compartment, resulting in more
space for the passenger
compartment; introduced in 1959
by the British design engineer Sir
Alec Issigonis on the BMC Mini:
Ñoäng cô naèm ngang
(NOTE: also called east-west
layout; the opposite is
362
tread
longitudinal engine).
z transverse (flow) scavenging
n. = CROSS SCAVENGING: Söï
queùt khí thaúng
z transverse leaf spring n.
usually a semi-elliptic leaf spring
mounted across the car for either
front or rear suspension, with
radius arms being necessary to
locate the axle: Laù nhíp naèm
ngang
z transverse rod n. = PANHARD
ROD: Thanh xoaén Panhard
trap n. a filter or separator: caùi loïc
z trap oxidizer = in diesel
particulate filters, a means of
burning the particulate charge
trapped in the filter element, to
prevent the filter from clogging
and to restore filtration capacity;
usually a catalyst coating that
promotes oxidation of carbon
particulates to harmless carbon
dioxide: Boä phaän ñoát tieáp muoäi
than
z trapping efficiency n. (of two-
stroke engines) the mass of fresh
charge in a cylinder actually
retained, divided by the mass of
fresh charge supplied per cycle:
Hieäu suaát naïp (2 kyø)
travel n. the distance moved by a
mechanical part when performing
an operation; e.g. the stroke of a
piston: Haønh trình
TR-Denloc rim / wheel = TD RIM /
WHEEL: Nieàng / baùnh xe TR-
Denloc
tread n. (a) the part of the tyre that
makes contact with the road; it is
the thickest part of the tyre and is
cut with grooves to provide traction
tread depth
for driving and stopping: Maët gai
voû xe
(b) US = TRACK.
z tread depth n. the depth of
the grooves in a tyre tread; 1.6 mm
across three-quarters of the tyre
which is a legal requirement:
Chieàu saâu gai voû xe
z tread depth gauge = simple
compact device for measuring the
depth of tread, consisting of a
spring-loaded plunger calibrated in
millimetres: Duïng cuï ño chieàu
saâu gai voû xe
z tread groove n. one of several
channels cut in the tread that
disperses water when the road is
wet: Ñöôøng raõnh ta loâng voû xe
z tread profile n. the shape of
the tread as seen in cross section:
Daïng ta loâng loáp xe ñöôïc nhìn
theo maët caét ngang
triangular earth electrode n. earth
electrode having three bridges
attached to its end points, which
from a link to the treaded shell:
ñieän cöïc 3 chaáu (bougie)
z triangular safety reflector n.
= WARNING TRIANGLE: Bieån
baùo nguy hieåm hình tam giaùc
tricar n. old name for a three-
wheeler: Xe oâ toâ, moâ toâ ba baùnh
trichlorethene or trichlorethylene
(C2HCl3) n. cleaning solvent:
Loaïi dung moâi
trickle charge n. continuous charging
of a storage battery at a low rate to
keep it in a fully charged condition
for a period when no current is
drawn from it: Naïp aéc quy töø töø
z trickle charger = small,
mains-operated battery charger,
363
trip computer
typically delivering less than five
amperes: Boä naïp ñieän loaïi nhoû
trigger box n. = IGNITION
CONTROL UNIT: Boä ñieàu khieån
(IC) ñaùnh löûa
z triggering device or unit
electronic control unit that triggers
the air bag in a crash, containing a
deceleration sensor, a Hamlin
switch and a check circuit: Thieát
bò laøm bung tuùi khí
z trigger wheel n. (a) rotor of a
magnetic pick-up integrated into
the distributor, with as many teeth
as the engine has cylinders: Roâto
caûm bieán ñieän töø
(b) (Hall generator) rotor with an
outer ring interrupted by one or
several Hall windows, depending
on its purpose: Roâto caûm bieán
Hall
trim n. (a) a car’s interior decoration,
including the upholstery, roof and
door linings (b) a car’s exterior
decoration, including wheel trims,
rubbing strips, bezels: Söï trang trí
xe
(NOTE: also called soft trim)
z trim panel n. decorative interior
panel: Taám trang trí.
z trim panel release tool = fork-
like tool used to pry out fasteners
on interior panels without breaking
them or damaging the car: Duïng
cuï thaùo taám trang trí.
trip computer n. computer with a
multi-function display; supplies the
drive with trip information such as
range, ETA, distance to
destination, time, fuel economy,
fuel consumption, average speed,
accumulated trip miles, elapsed
triplex chain
time since last reset: maùy tính
haønh trình
triplex chain n. a chain with three
rows of rollers: Xích coù ba daõy
con laên
trip meter or trip mileage counter
n. = TRIP RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà
ño quaõng ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh
trình
trip odometer n. = TRIP
RECORDER: Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng
ñöôøng moät cuoäc haønh trình
z trip recorder n. incorporated
in the speedometer, the trip
recorder indicates the mileage (in
miles or km) covered during a
particular journey (trip), either
mechanically or electronically; trip
figures can be reset to zero by
turning or pushing a reset button:
Ñoàng hoà ño quaõng ñöôøng moät
cuoäc haønh trình
trolleybus n. electrically powered
public transport bus that takes its
power from overhead wires: OÂ toâ
ñieän (baùnh hôi)
z trolley jack n. hydraulic jack
with swivel wheels: Con ñoäi thuyû
löïc coù baùnh xe
troy weight n. system of
measurement of weight used for
gold and other metals, such as
silver and platinum: Heä thoáng ño
troïng löôïng cuûa Anh duøng ñeå caân
vaøng, baïc
z troy ounce = measurement of
weight (= 31.10 grammes): Ñôn vò
ño troïng löôïng cuûa vaøng
(NOTE: in writing, often shortened
to troy oz, after figures: 25.2 troy
oz.)
TR rim n. safety rim developed by
364
tubing reamer
Michelin with a flattened rim
flange and run-flat potential:
Nieàng xe an toaøn TR
truck n. a large lorry.: Xe vaän taûi
naëng
true n. & adv. Accurately made
or correctly adjusted: Söï laép ñuùng
choã (n.), chænh ñuùng (adv.)
z the wheel runs true = the
wheel rolls straight without any
wobble or deviation from side to
side: Baùnh xe chaïy khoâng ñaûo
(NOTE: opposite is out of true).
z true up v. = DRESS: Baøo
maët, maøi giuõa
trunk n. US boot : Thuøng ñeå haønh
lyù ñaèng sau xe hôi
tube n. (a) long hollow cylinder for
carrying liquids or gas: OÁng daãn
(b) = INNER TUBE: Ruoät xe
z tube bender = tool for bending
tubing without collapsing it, e.g.
pipe bending pliers: duïng cuï uoán
oáng
z tube cutter = tool with cutting
wheels for cutting off tubing
evenly at right angles: Duïng cuï
caét oáng
z tubed a. (of a tyre) having an
inner tube: Coù ruoät xe (loáp xe)
z tubeless a. (of a tyre) having
no inner tube: Khoâng coù ruoät xe
(loáp xe)
z tubeless tyre = tyre with no
inner tube, whose air pressure is
maintained by an air-tight seal
between the outer casing of the
tyre and the wheel rim: Loáp (voû)
xe khoâng coù ruoät
z tubing reamer n. tool used to
remove burrs on tubes, e.g. after a
tube cutter is used when servicing
tubular
the brake line system.: Caùi laõ oáng
z tubular a. in the shape of a tube;
cylindrical: Coù hình oáng
z tubular backbone frame = a
backbone chassis with a tubular
central spine: Khung söôøn chính
baèng oáng
z tubular frame = frame
construction that features members
of tubular cross section; often used
for racing cars, as this layout
allows for weight-saving design
with the used of aluminium:
Khung xe baèng oáng raùp laïi
z tubular nut driver or spinner
= nut driver with handle and
tubular shank for driving hexagon
nuts and bolts: oáng tuyùp
tuner n. that component / circuit of a
radio which tunes to the
frequencies of radio stations;
(tuner + amplifier = receiver): Boä
doø ñaøi (radio)
tune (up) v. to adjust an engine to
obtain optimum performance; e.g.
adjustment of the ignition timing,
valve clearances and the
carburettor’s idling circuit, and
servicing of the distributor and
sparking plugs: Caân chænh ñoäng
cô
z tuned header n. = HIGH-
PERFORMANCE HEADER
z tune-up n. adjustments made
to an engine to improve its
performance: Söï caân chænh ñoäng
cô
z tune-up decal or label
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL
INFORMATION: Nhaõn chöùng
nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra khí thaûi
tungsten n. hard, malleable, greyish-
turbocharged engine
white element used in lamp
filaments, electrical contact points
and, alloyed with steel, in high-
speed cutting tools: Vonfram
z tungsten-halogen bulb = a
quartz-halogen bulb with a
tungsten filament: Boùng ñeøn
vonfam-halogen
tuning n. the adjustment of
carburettor, ignition timing, etc. to
improve performance: Söï caân
chænh ñoäng cô
tunnel drier or tunnel furnace n.
heated tunnel through which body
shells are passed in painting lines,
e.g. to dry their phosphate coating:
OÁng saáy sôn
turbine n. machine which produces
power by the action of water,
steam, gas, etc. turning a wheel
with blades.: Tuoác bin
z turbine housing or casing n.
the casing enclosing a turbine.: Voû
tuoác bin
turbine wheel n. (a) (of a
turbocharger) wheel driven by
exhaust gases, the turbine wheel
spins at speed up to 1.6 x 105 rpm
and drivesthe compressor which is
located at the opposite end of the
turbine shaft; wheel and shaft are
usually inseparable: Baùnh coâng
taùc cuûa tuoác bin taêng aùp
(b) (of a torque converter) driven
member which transmits multiplied
engine torque to the transmission
in put shaft: Baùnh coâng taùc cuûa boä
= bieán moâ
turbocharged engine n. engine fitted
with a turbocharger: Ñoäng cô coù
tuoác bin taêng aùp
turbocharger or (informal) turbo n.
365
turbocharging
a centrifugal compressor or
supercharger driven by exhaust gas
energy: Tuoác bin taêng aùp
turbocharging n. a method of
extracting more power from an
engine of a given capacity by
means of a turbine unit driven by
exhaust gases and rotating at very
high speed.: taêng aùp baèng tuoác
bin
turbo diesel (engine) n. a diesel
engine which is turbocharged:
Ñoäng cô Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng
aùp
z turbo diesel engine with direct
injection (TDI) = directly injected
turbo diesel engine: Ñoäng cô
Diesel coù tuoác bin taêng aùp phun
tröïc tieáp
(NOTE: opposite is swirt-chamber
diesel engine).
z turbo gauge n. boost pressure
gauge of turbocharged engines:
Ñoàng hoà baùo aùp suaát tuoác bin
taêng aùp
z turbo lag n. the time it takes a
turbocharger to respond after the
accelerator pedal has been
depressed: Thôøi gian ñaùp öùng cuûa
tuoác bin
z turbo-supercharger n. =
TURBOCHARGER: Tuoác bin
taêng aùp
turbulence n. = SWIRL: Söï xoaùy
loác
turnbuckle n. metal sleeve with
opposite internal threads each end
for the threaded ends of two rods
or for ringbolts, forming a coupling
that can be turned to tighten or
loosen the rods or wires attached to
the ringbolts: Thanh coù theå hieäu
366
twelve-valve
chænh chieàu daøi qua ñai oác
z turning circle n. the smallest
circle in which a vehicle can turn,
i.e. with the wheels on full lock:
Voøng troøn nhoû nhaát trong ñoù
moät chieác xe coù theå quay ñaàu
ñöôïc
z turning radius = the radius of
the turning circle: Baùn kính xe
quay voøng
z turn-in rate n. the way a car
steers into a bend; the roll-steer
effect: Ñoä quay
z turnpike n. US toll road,
especially one that is an
expressway: Coång ngaên thu leä phí
ñöôøng
z turn signal indicator n. =
DIRECTION INDICATOR: Ñeøn
xi nhan, ñeøn baùo reõ
TVS = THERMAL VACUUM
SWITCH: Coâng taéc nhieät chaân
khoâng
z TVV = THERMAL VACUUM
VALVE : Van nhieät chaân khoâng.
TWC = THREE-WAY CATALYST:
Boä xuùc taùc ba chaát taùc duïng.
tweak n. (informal) to tune an engine
for peak performance: Hieäu chænh
ñoäng cô ñaït coâng suaát toái ña
twelve-cylinder engine n. an engine
with twelve cylinders, e.g. a V-12:
Ñoäng cô 12 xi lanh.
twelve-valve (engine) n. three-
cylinder engine with four valves
per cylinder ( e.g. Daihatsu), or a
six-cylinder engine with two
valves per cylinder, or a four-
cylinder engine with three valves
per cylinder, i.e. two inlet valves
and one exhaust valve: Ñoäng cô
12 suù paùp (3 xy lanh vôùi 4 suù paùp
TWI twin swirl combustion chamber

cho moãi xy lanh). arrangement containing two

TWI = THREAD WEAR headlights; the outer lights provide
INDICATORS: Duïng cuï ño ñoä the main and dipped beams, the
moøn ren. inner lights are for main beam
twin A-arm suspension n. = only: Ñeøn ñaàu coù hai boùng
DOUBLE WISHBONE z twin ignition (system) n.
SUSPENSION: Heä thoáng treo tay distributor with two sets of contact
ñoøn chöõ A ñoâi points, each of which operates with
z twin axle n. = TANDEM its own coil in a separate primary
AXLE: Caàu xe ñoâi. circuit; the contact points open
z twin barrel or twin choke alternately, each set firing haft of
carburettor n. carburettor with the cylinders: Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa
two identical barrels to feed two keùp (2 vít löûa)
banks of cylinders : Boä cheá hoøa z twin overhead camshaft n. =
khí coù hai böôùm gioù. DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM-
z twin cam (shaft) engine n. = SHAFT: Ñoäng cô coù hai truïc cam
DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAM- treân naép maùy
SHAFT ENGINE: Ñoäng cô coù hai z twin-piston engine n. now
truïc cam treân naép maùy obsolete two-stroke engine design
z twin carburettors (TC) n. two featuring two cylinder barrels plus
carburettors on an engine, two pistons per cylinder; the
mechanically coupled and pistons are linked to the crankshaft
balanced: Boä cheá hoøa khí ñoâi. via a forked con rod or a master/
z twin diaphragm pump n. slave con rod assembly : Ñoäng cô
diaphragm pump with two hai pittoâng.
diaphragms; if one fails the other z twin-planets n. two planet
takes over its function: Bôm maøng gears in mesh; one meshes with
ñoâi. the sun gear and the other with the
z twin exhaust system n. internal gear: Boä baùnh raêng haønh
exhaust system with two tailpipes; tinh
either a complete exhaust system, z twin-plate clutch n. clutch with
as on performance cars and cars two driven plates separated by an
with V-engines, or simply two intermediate drive plate; gives
tailpipes emanating from the rear higher torque capacity: Ly hôïp hai
silencer: Heä thoáng xaû coù hai oáng ñóa
poâ z twin plug or twin spark ignition
(NOTE: US English is dual n. = TWIN IGNITION (SYSTEM):
exhaust system). Heä thoáng ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp
z twin front pipe or twin header boâbin ñoâi.
or headpipe n. = Y-PIPE.: Ñaàu z twin swirl combustion chamber
oáng poâ daïng chöõ Y n. special design of a four-stroke
z twin headlamp n. headlamp engine, in which the intake valves

367
twin-tube damper
are arranged in such a way as to
ensure that the gas flow ends in
two separate swirl; this design
improves swirl and thus enhances
combustion of the fuel / air mixture
within cylinder: Buoàng chaùy vôùi
hai ñöôøng xoaùy loác
z twin-tube damper n. =
DOUBLE-TUBE SHOCK
ABSORBER: Boä giaûm chaán hai
oáng
z twin wheel n. (a) a double-
rimmed wheel with two
independently inflated tyres; has
good aquaplaning and run-flat
properties: Baùnh xe hai nieàng
(b) with two wheel fitted to one
hub ( as in HGVs ): Baùnh xe ñoâi.
twist-beam rear axle n. = SEMI-
INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:
Heä thoáng treo baùn ñoäc laäp.
z twist drill n. drill bit having
two helical grooves running from
the point along the shank: Löôõi
khoan
z two-cycle engine n. = TWO-
STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng cô hai
kyø
z two-door n. having one door
on each side; a body design typical
of all two-seater sports cars (such
as roadster, spiders) and many
subcompact cars: Xe hai cöûa.
z two-pack paint = paint
prepared by mixing two
constituents, such as pigment and
an acrylic resin: Loaïi sôn ñöôïc
pha troän töø hai thaønh phaàn khaùc
nhau (ví duï chaát maøu vaø nhöïa
acylic)
z two-piece (forged) alloy wheel
n. wheel which consists of the rim
368
two-valve engine
and the wheel disc or spider bolted
together : Maâm hôïp kim loaïi hai
nöûa taùch rôøi
(NOTE: ‘ forged ‘ is optional, since
multi-piece alloy wheels are
always forged and not cast)
z two-speed a. having two-speed
settings (e.g. fan, windscreen
wiper): Hai toác ñoä.
z two-speed gearbox = DUAL-
RANGE GEARBOX: Hoäp soá hai
toác ñoä.
z two-stage carburettor n. =
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Boä cheá hoøa khí keùp.
z two-stage pump = generally a
centrifugal pump with two
impellers and diffusers arranged in
series: Bôm hai taàng
two-stroke cycle n. operating
principle of an internal combustion
engine characterized by the fact
that the inlet, compression,
combustion and exhaust phases
overlap and require only two
cycles; used mainly by small
motocycle engines: Chu trình
ñoäng cô hai kyø
z two-stroke engine = an engine
operating on the two-stroke cycle:
Ñoäng cô hai kyø.
two-tone horn n. two horns whose
diaphragms cause a column of air
to resonate at two different
frequencies: Coøi hai gioïng.
z two-tone paint = paint colour
of two different shades: Lôùp sôn
coù hai toâng maøu.
z two-valve engine n. engine
with two-valves per cylinder:
Ñoäng cô coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy
lanh
two-valve head
z two-valve head = cylinder head
with two valves per cylinder: Naép
xy lanh coù hai suù paùp cho moãi xy
lanh
z two-way catalyst n. = the road: Voû, loáp xe.
OXIDIZING CATALYST: Chaát
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng
z two-way (catalytic) converter
= OXIDIZING CONVERTER: Boä
xuùc taùc hai taùc duïng
z two-way system n.
turbocharging system in which, as
long as the charging pressure is
insufficient, the air is drawn in
from a prechamber via a
diaphragm valve; with rising
charging pressure, the valve closes
and the turbocharger delivers air
via the surge tank connected to a
pressure regulator: Heä thoáng tuoác
bin taêng aùp coù hai ñöôøng daãn
z two-wheel drive n. the normal
drive for a vehicle in which two of
the four wheels (either front or
rear) are driven: Hai baùnh chuû
ñoäng.
z two-wheel driven = of a vehicle
with two-wheel drive; also written
‘4 x 2‘: Hai baùnh bò ñoäng.
type approval certificate n.
certificate issued by the
Department of Transport denoting
that a particular vehicle type meets
official requirements: giaáy chöùng
nhaän xe ñuû tieâu chuaån
z type designation or symbol n.
sparking plug designation
indicating seat and thread type,
version, heat range code number,
reach, spark position, and
electrode material: Kyù hieäu loaïi
bougie
369
tyre pressure
tyre n. the casing-and-thread
assembly that is mounted on a
wheel to provide preumatically
cushioned contact and traction with
z tyre bead n. the part of a tyre
which is shaped to fit the rim and
rests on the rim bead seat; made of
steel wires, wrapped and
reinforced by the plies of the tyre:
Gaân meùp voû xe
z tyre body n. = CARCASS
z tyre chains n. = SNOW
CHAINS
z tyre contact area / zone n. =
CONTACT PATCH
z tyre gauge n. = TYRE
PRESSURE GAUGE
z tyre iron n. = TYRE LEVER :
Caàn naäy voû xe
(NOTE: the term tyre iron is
occasionally used to denote a
wheelbrace with a flat end and a
socket end).
z tyre kicker n. (informal) in
car sales jargon, a person who is
just looking, not buying. : ngöôøi
chæ ñi xem maø khoâng mua xe
z tyre lever n. special automotive
tool used to remove and install
tyres by level action or to prize off
parts : Caàn naäy voû xe
(NOTE: US English is iron)
tyre pressure n. manufacture’s
recommended pressure for a tyre,
dependent on load, speed, etc…
usually given in bar, or pound-
force per square inch (psi): AÙp
suaát loáp xe
z tyre pressure gauge =
instrument for measuring air
pressure in a tyre: Duïng cuï ño aùp
tyre rotation
suaát loáp xe
tyre rotation n. = WHEEL
ROTATION: Söï thay ñoåi voû xe
(giöõa caùc baùnh tröôùc vaø sau)
z tyre scuff n. = TYRE WEAR:
Söï moøn voû xe
z tyre size (designation) n.
specified on the tyre sidewall; e.g.
P 205/60 R 15, where: P =
Passenger car; 205 = tyre width in
millimetres; 60 = tyre section
height to width ratio; R = radial
ply; 15 = nominal run diameter in
inches: Thoâng soá kích thöôùc voû
loáp xe
z tyre slip angle n. = SLIP
ANGLE
370
tyre valve
z tyre squeal n. noise made by
the tyres when sufiering sudden
acceleration or braking or when
cornering too fast: Tieáng rít cuûa
voû xe.
z tyre tread gauge n. = TREAD
DEPTH GAUGE
z tyre valve n. the function of
the tyre valve is to admit air under
pressure to the tyre chamber
formed between the casing and the
rim, and to release air for pressure-
adjustment purposes or tyre
removal; car tubeless tyres use a
snap-in valve: Van loáp xe
U-bolt
Uu
U-bolt n. metal bar in the shape of a
U, threaded at both ends and often
with a bridging piece to close the
circle; used to secure leaf springs,
exhaust pipes, ring bolts, shackles,
etc: Bu-loâng hình chöõ U (duøng
keïp nhíp, poâ)
U-cylinder engine n. = TWIN-
PISTON ENGINE
UDC = UPPER DEAD CENTRE
UJ or U-joint = UNIVERSAL JOINT
ultrasonic welding n. a high-tech
welding procedure used for metals
(e. g. in wire bonding of
integrated circuits) and plastics:
Kyõ thuaät haøn sieâu aâm (duøng ñeå
daùn daây treân vi maïch)
unburnt hydrocarbons n. pollutant
(basically petrol vapour) released
into the atmosphere as an exhaust
gas, due to incomplete
combustion: Hydrocacbon coøn
soùt (chöa chaùy) trong khí thaûi
UNC thread n. Unified National
Coarse thread; one of the screw
threads used on British cars:
Ñöôøng ren thoâ theo tieâu chuaån
quoác gia Anh
underbody n. the underside of a car:
Gaàm xe
z underbody coating or
underbody protection = coating
of the underbody of a vehicle,
usually with organic coating
materials (plastic, wax, bitumen-
based products), to protect it from
mechanical damage and
corrosion: Lôùp phuû choáng va ñaäp
vaø aên moøn gaàm xe
371
underinflated tyre
z underbody structure = the
structural members and flat panels
of the body-work on the chassis
level: Caáu truùc khung gaàm
(NOTE: may also be called sub-
structure)
z underbonnet area n. the
engine compartment: Vuøng capoâ
chöùa ñoäng cô xe
z undercarriage n. =
UNDERBODY STRUCTURE
undercoat n. (a) any preliminary
coat of paint applied prior to the
top coat (b) US = UNIVERSAL:
Lôùp sôn loùt tröôùc lôùp sôn ngoaøi
undercut n. recess either cut or
moulded into the underside of an
object so as to leave a lip or
protuberance at the top: Vaønh
z underfloor n. the underside of
a car: Gaàm xe
z underfloor mid-engine = new
design, introduced on the Toyota
Previa minivan, where the engine
is located below the passenger
compartment, between front and
rear: Ñoäng cô ñaët giöõa xe
z underframe n. general term
referring to the underbody
backbone of a car, both for unitary
or chassis designs: Khung xe
z underhead collar n. washer
fitted under the head of a bolt or
screw: Voøng ñeäm döôùi ñaàu bu-
loâng hoaëc ñinh vít
z underinflated tyre n. tyre
which has too little air in it,
causing increased wear at the
tread edge: Baùnh xe non hôi (laøm
underpowered
moøn gai)
(NOTE: opposite is overinflated
tyre)
z underpowered a. of a car
whose engine provides less power
than is necessary for acceptable
performance; especially
noticeable when accelerating,
overtaking or going uphill: Xe
chaïy khoâng ñuû coâng suaát, lì maùy
z underseal 1 n. rustproof
coating with sound-deadening
properties applied to the
underbody: Lôùp sôn loùt gaàm xe
(NOTE: US English is undercoat)
2 v. to apply underseal: Phuû lôùp
sôn loùt cho gaàm xe
z under seat panel n. = SEAT
WELL
undershield n. body accessory panel
made from tough, oil-resistant
plastic for fitting on cars that do
not have a standard wheel house
panel: Taám che phía döôùi gaàm
underside n. the lower side of the
underbody, i. e. the surfaces that
the road surface: Maët beân döôùi
xe (gaàm xe)
z underslung a. suspended
below a supporting member, e. g.
of a chassis suspended below the
axles: Khung ñöôïc treo thaáp hôn
caàu
z underslung frame = frame
design of the pre-war era whose
characteristic feature is that the
frame members run below the
axles: Khung xe döôùi truïc
z undersquare engine n. =
LONG STROKE ENGINE: Ñoäng
cô coù haønh trình pittoâng daøi
z understeer 1 v. (of a vehicle)
372
uniform corrosion
to turn less sharply than the driver
intends: Quay voøng thieáu
2 n. action of understerring: Söï
quay voøng thieáu
(NOTE: opposite is oversteer)
z undertray n. the bottom panel
of multi-layer or complex
underbody panel assemblies,
which faces the road surface: saøn
döôùi xe
z undertread n. = BREAKER
unequal-length wishbone suspension
or (informal) unequal wishbones
n. double wishbone suspension
system in which the upper
wishbone is shorter than the lower
one, with both converging slightly
at the wheel hub; reduces tyre
wear due to variations in track and
camber angle when cornering: Heä
thoáng treo hai ñoøn coù chieàu daøi
khoâng baèng nhau
UNF thread n. Unified National Fine
thread; one of the screw threads
used on British cars: Ñöôøng ren
mòn theo tieâu chuaån quoác gia
Anh
Unibody (construction) n. =
UNITARY CONSTRUCTION:
Caáu truùc khung nguyeân khoái
unidirectional (flow) scavenging or
uniflow scavenging n.
scavenging process of two-stroke
engines: Heä thoáng queùt khí moät
chieàu (ñoäng cô 2 kyø)
Unified National Coarse thread see
UNC THREAD
Unified National Fine thread see
UNF THREAD
uniform corrosion n. corrosion
occurring over the entire exposed
surface: Söï aên moøn toaøn boä beà
union nut
maët
(NOTE: opposite is localized
corrosion)
union nut n. nut used to secure the
connection between pipes or rods:
Ñai oác noái oáng daãn, thanh, caàn
(Raêcco)
unitary construction n. modern
chassis layout with no separate
frame, using the sheet metal parts
of the vehicle body or floorpan as
structural members which also
carry all suspension parts;
introduced by Citroen in 1934, by
GM/Opel Olympia in 1935: Caáu
truùc khung nguyeân khoái
(NOTE: also called monocoque)
unit engine n. a term used for
motorcycles where engine and
gearbox are accommodated in one
common housing: Cuïm ñoäng cô
goàm ñoäng cô vaø hoäp soá treân xe
gaén maùy.
universal joint (UJ) n. (a) a form of
coupling between two rotating
shafts allowing freedom of
movement in all directions;
general term for a family of
universal joint designs: Khôùp noái
caùc ñaêng
(b) (tool) accessory which allows
a socket to be turned through an
angle: Duïng cuï coù khôùp noái vaïn
naêng
z universally jointed shaft n. =
CARDAN SHAFT
z universal sparking plug socket
n. sparking plug socket with
universal joint for reaching hard-
to-get-at sparking plugs: Tuyùp môû
bougie ña duïng
unleaded petrol n. petrol to which no
373
U section
lead has been added: Xaêng
khoâng
pha chì
unloader valve n. = DELIVERY
VALVE
unsprung mass or weight n. the
weight of those parts of the car
which are not carried by the
suspension system, but are
supported directly by the tyre and
wheel assembly and considered to
move with it: Khoái löôïng khoâng
ñöôïc treo (khoái löôïng cuûa caùc
chi tieát noái vôùi baùnh xe)
(NOTE: opposite is sprung mass /
weight)
updraught carburettor n.
carburettor in which the air / fuel
mixture is drawn in from below; a
rather unusual type: Boä cheá hoøa
khí ñaûo ngöôïc (coù mieäng huùt gioù
vaø caùc boä phaän phuï thuoäc ñeå
luoàng gioù ñi töø döôùi leân treân vaø
chaïy thaúng qua oáng goùp naïp)
(NOTE: opposite is downdraught
carburettor)
upper dead centre (UDC) n. = TOP
DEAD CENTRE: Ñieåm cheát treân
up-stroke n. the ascending stroke of
a piston, from BDC to TDC: Haønh
trình pít-toâng ñi leân
urban driving n. driving in
towns, in built-up areas: Chaïy xe
vuøng thaønh phoá
(NOTE: US English is metro
driving)
urban (test) cycle n. driving
cyclethat simulates driving in a
town: Chu kyø kieåm tra xe chaïy
trong thaønh phoá
U section n. a sheet metal section
often used on underbody structural
ute UV absorber

members; it differs from a box utility (truck) n. = PICK-UP

section in that the fourth wall of UV absorber or stabilizer n. any
the box is missing, i. e. its cross substance that absorbs ultraviolet
section more or less resembles the radiation, then dissipates the
letter U: Tieát dieän daïng chöõ U energy in a harmless form; used in
ute (informal) (Australia) = plastics and rubbers to decrease
UTILITY TRUCK: Loaïi xe taûi light sensitivity: Thieát bò giaûm tia
nhoû, khoâng mui, thaønh thaáp (cho cöïc tím
caùc nhaø xaây döïng, noâng daân
duøng)

374
V vacuum hose
Vv
V (a) V see V-ENGINE: Ñoäng cô chöõ
V capsule has a spring-loaded
(b) (short for) valve: Suù paùp
(c) (short for) volt: Ñôn vò ño hieäu
ñieän theá
(d) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (over 210
km/h or over 130 mph): Kyù töï
treân loáp xe chæ toác ñoä toái ña 210
km/h
V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-12 = V-
FOUR, V-SIX, V-EIGHT, V-
TEN, V-TWELVE ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô V-4, V-6, V-8, V-10, V-
12
vacuum n. in carburation terms,
pressure below the atmospheric
pressure: Chaân khoâng, aùp thaáp
z vacuum advance (mechanism
or unit) n. vacuum control unit
for advancing the spark: Söï ñaùnh
löûa sôùm chaân khoâng
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum
retard unit).
z vacuum brake booster n.
device directly connected to the
master cylinder and mounted on
the engine side of the bulkhead,
which uses engine manifold
vacuum to produce additional
braking force: Boä trôï löïc phanh
chaân khoâng
(NOTE: also called master vac or
vacuum servo).
z vacuum capsule or chamber n.
(ignition timing) pneumatic
actuator that converts air pressure
differences into a regulating short-
375
stroke movement; the circular, flat
diaphragm with a lever attached:
Buoàng (Duø) aùp thaáp trong delco
z vacuum control n. load-
dependant mechanical ignition
timing, controlled by the inlet
manifold vacuum: Ñieàu khieån
thôøi ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân
khoâng
z vacuum control switch =
switch that monitors the vacuum
signal enabling the ECU to
recognize open or closed throttle
(idle) operation: Coâng taéc baùo
chaân khoâng (ñeå ECU bieát caùnh
böôùm ga ñoùng hay môû)
z vacuum control unit =
assembly for load-dependent
ignition timing controlled by the
inlet manifold vacuum, consisting
of a vacuum capsule with a spring-
loaded diaphragm linked to the
breaker plate: Boä phaän ñieàu
khieån ñaùnh löûa sôùm chaân khoâng
trong delco
z vacuum filter n. filter which
removes electrical noise from the
vacuum signal sent from the
vacuum sensor to the ECU: Boä loïc
nhieãu tín hieäu töø caûm bieán chaân
khoâng (MAP)
z vacuum gauge n. instrument for
measuring engine depression:
Duïng cuï ño aùp thaáp ñöôøng oáng
naïp
z vacuum hose n. pipe which
connects the inlet manifold to the
vacuum brake booster: OÁng chaân
vacuum ignition-timing control
khoâng (noái töø oáng goùp huùt ñeán
baàu trôï löïc phanh)
z vacuum ignition-timing
control n. = VACUUM
CONTROL: Ñieàu khieån thôøi
ñieåm ñaùnh löûa baèng chaân khoâng
vacuum modulated EGR n. exhaust
gas recirculation in which the
amount of exhaust gas admitted to
the inlet manifold depends on a
vacuum signal controlled by
throttle position: Heä thoáng tuaàn
hoaøn khí thaûi ñöôïc ñieàu chænh
baèng chaân khoâng
vacuum reducer valve (VRV) n.
valve used to limit the amount of
vacuum governing the ignition
advance mechanism of the
distributor; on some ignition
systems, a VRV is used to reduce
inlet manifold vacuum when the
coolant temperature is above 104
o
C, in order to prevent detonation:
Van giaûm aùp thaáp (ñeå khoâng
taêng goùc ñaùnh löûa sôùm khi nhieät
ñoä nöôùc > 104oC nhaèm choáng
kích noå)
z vacuum retard (unit) n.
vacuum control unit for retarding
the spark: Boä ñieàu khieån ñaùnh
löûa treã baèng chaân khoâng
(NOTE: opposite is vacuum
advance unit )
z vacuum sensor n. sensor which
detects changes in manifold
pressure; such changes indicate
the need for an adjustment in A/F
mixture and electronic spark
timing to maintain efficient engine
operation: Caûm bieán chaân khoâng
(Coøn goïi laø MAP sensor)
z vacuum servo n. = VACUUM
376
valve adjusting screw
BRAKE BOOSTER: Boä trôï löïc
phanh (phanh) chaân khoâng
z vacuum solenoid n. on some
engines, a vacuum solenoid
controlled by an electrical sensor
switch is used to control the EGR
valve: Soâleânoâit chaân khoâng
z vacuum suction cup n. hand
tool for pulling out shallow body
dents and for lifting flat, heavy
objects such as wind-screens or
sheet metal: Duïng cuï huùt chaân
khoâng daïng hình cheùn ñeå naâng
kính hoaëc taám kim loaïi
z vacuum timing control n. =
VACUUM CONTROL
z vacuum unit n. = VACUUM
CONTROL UNIT
valence n. = ALANCE: Hoùa trò (hoùa
hoïc)
valet parking n. the parking of one's
car by a parking attendant: söï ñoã
xe nhôø ngöôøi phuïc vuï trong baõi
ñoã xe
z valet switch = on some alarm
systems, a switch to override the
alarm system for valet parking,
car washes, etc.: coâng taéc cho
pheùp heä thoáng baùo ñoäng ngöøng
taïm thôøi ñeå ñaäu xe, röûa xe…
valve n. (a) any device that starts,
stops, regulates or controls the
flow of a fluid, gas, etc: Van
(b) (in cylinder head) valve which
opens the respective ports during
the induction and exhaust strokes
and seals the compression
chamber during the compression
and expansion strokes: Suù paùp
(c) = TYRE VALVE: Van loáp xe
z valve adjusting screw n. screw
at the end of a rocker which bears
valve aperture
on a pushrod; used to tilt the
rocker and thus adjust the valve
clearance: oác chænh suù paùp
z valve aperture n. = VALVE
HOLE
z valve block n. = CONTROL
VALVE ASSEMBLY: Cuïm van
trong heä thoáng thuyû löïc
z valve body n. part of the valve
assembly containing plungers,
pistons, springs, etc.: Thaân van
z valve body housing = housing
which incorporates the bores in
which the valve spools slide and
the canals which channel the oil
flow: Voû thaân van (maïch daàu
hoäp soá)
z valve body separator plate =
plate sandwiched between two
gaskets which separates the upper
and lower parts of the valve body:
taám ngaên thaân van
z valve bounce n. bouncing of a
valve on its seat due to the valve
spring resonating at very high
engine speeds: Söï naûy suù paùp ôû
toác ñoä ñoäng cô cao
z valve bushing n. = VALVE
GUIDE: OÁng loùt (keàm) suù paùp
z valve cap n. screw-on cap for a
tyre valve to prevent the entry of
dirt and dust: Naép chuïp van loáp
xe
z valve clearance n. the
operating clearance between the
rocker arm and the valve stem tip
in an overhead valve engine: Khe
hôû nhieät cuûa suù paùp
z valve clearance depression =
recess in the piston crown: Choã
loõm treân ñænh pittoâng
z valve cover n. US = ROCKER
377
valve guide
COVER
z valve crown n.= VALVE
HEAD: Ñaàu suù paùp
z valve cut-out n. on some four-
valve engines at low speed the
main rocker arms open only two
valves per combustion chamber in
order to keep the energy of the
gases at high level; with
increasing rpm, the energy of the
gases becomes sufficiently strong
for the remaining two valves to be
opened via hydraulic locking
bolts: heä thoáng ngaét bôùt 2 suù paùp
ôû toác ñoä thaáp trong ñoäng cô coù 4
suù paùp treân 1 xylanh
z valve diameter n. inlet valves
can be distinguished by their
larger diameter: Ñöôøng kính ñaàu
suù paùp
z valve float n. = VALVE
BOUNCE
z valve gear n. mechanism that
operates the inlet and exhaust
valves; includes the cams,
pushrods, rocker arms, etc. but not
the valves themselves: Cô caáu
ñoùng môû suù paùp
valve grinder or valve grinding tool
n. special automotive tool
consisting of a wooden haft and
rubber suction cup(s) for hand
grinding valves: Duïng cuï maøi suù
paùp
z valve grinding compound = an
abrasive compound used for
refacing valve seats: Boät nhaùm
maøi suù paùp vaø ñeá suù paùp (caùt
xoaùy)
valve guide n. replaceable tubular
sleeve through which the stem of
a valve passes; designed to keep
valve guide driver
the valve in proper alignment and
to absorb the lateral forces on the
valve stems as well as dissipating
the heat of the valve stem to the
surrounding cylinder head: OÁng
keàm suù paùp
z valve guide driver = tool for
installing valve guides: Duïng cuï
laép oáng keàm suù paùp
z valve guide reamer = tool used
to ream worn valve stems: Dao
xoaùy oáng keàm suù paùp
z valve guide remover = drift
punch for driving out valve
guides: Duïng cuï thaùo oáng keàm
suù paùp
z valve guide seal = VALVE
STEM SEAL: Phoát suù paùp
valve head n. the disc at the end of the
valve stem which performs the
sealing operation in a poppet
valve: Ñaàu suù paùp
valve hole n. the hole in the rim of a
wheel for mounting tubeless tyres:
Loã van treân vaønh baùnh xe
valve keeper n. fastener for the valve
stem in the upper valve retainer,
e. g. a collet: Ñai oác giöõ suù paùp
(moùng ngöïa)
z valve lapper n. special
automotive tool for grinding
(lapping) valves into valve seats;
some types are power-operated,
thus allowing faster grinding
compared with standard suction-
type valve grinding tools: Duïng
cuï ñeå quay suù paùp khi xoaùy
z valve lapping compound =
VALVE GRINDING COMPOUND
z valve lash n. = VALVE
CLEARANCE
z valve lift n. the distance a
378
valve seat cutter
valve is lifted from its seat by a
cam, usually about a quarter of the
diameter of the port: Khoaûng
ñoäi suù paùp
z valve lifter n. (a) any tool that
compresses valve springs for
removal and replacement: Duïng
cuï neùn loø xo suù paùp
(b) US = TAPPET: Con ñoäi suù
paùp
valve over lap n. short period
between the opening of the inlet
valve and the closing of the
exhaust valve, when both valves
are open: goùc truøng ñieäp (caû hai
suù paùp naïp vaø thoaùt trong xy
lanh cuøng môû)
valve plate n. = VALVE BODY
SEPARATOR PLATE:
z valve port n. the inlet or
exhaust port of a four-stroke spark
ignition engine: Cöûa huùt hoaëc
cöûa thoaùt treân naép maùy
z valve principle n. the original
method of ABS control using an
electrically operated valve to
control the air pressure: phöông
phaùp ñieàu khieån phanh ABS
duøng ñieän – khí neùn
z valve rotator n. = ROTOR
CAP
valve seat n. that part of a valve, or
the part of the cylinder head
against which it seats, which
contacts the matching part: Ñeá, beä
suù paùp
z valve seat cutter = special
automotive tool with cutting
blades for use with power tools;
used to cut worn valve seats with
30° or 45° angles: Duïng cuï caét beä
suù paùp
valve seat face
z valve seat face = annular part
of a valve head located at the
valve seat of the cylinder head:
Maët beä suù paùp
z valve seat insert or ring =
ringshaped insert of a harder
metal than that of the cylinder
head; the use of valve seat inserts
dispenses with the need for lead
in the fuel to act as a lubricant
between the valve head and seat:
Voøng gheùp (duøng kim loaïi cöùng
hôn) cuûa ñeá suù paùp
valve shim n. calibrated shim used to
adjust valve clearance on OHV
engines with bucket tappet
assembly; for adjustment, a
calibrated valve shim is placed or
removed from between tappet and
cam: Mieáng cheâm ñeå chænh suù
paùp
z valve shim pliers = special
automotive tool for removal and
installation of valve shims: Caùi
kìm laép mieáng cheâm suù paùp
z valve slot n. tube-type tyres
require a valve slot instead of a
valve hole to allow the tyre valve
to be removed from the rim; a
thread adaptor is moulded to a
circular rubber patch vulcanized to
the inner tube; the valve stem
casing is then screwed into the
tube adaptor: Raõnh van loáp xe
z valve spool n. (in automatic
transmission) sliding cylindrical
internal part of a valve with one or
more sections of reduced
diameter: ñaàu van daãn höôùng
daàu
z valve spring n. a coil spring
used to close the valves and to
379
valve stem seal
keep the exhaust valve closed
during the induction stroke, thus
acting against the vacuum created
in the cylinder: Loø xo suù paùp
z valve spring cap or collar =
retaining cap (of inlet /outlet
valves) which secures the valve
keeper on the valve stem: mieáng
giöõ loø xo suù paùp
z valve spring compressor =
special automotive tool used to
compress valve springs for
removal and replacement; the
most common type is a C-shaped
clamp: Duïng cuï eùp loø xo suù paùp
z valve spring depressor =
lever-type tool used to depress
valve springs, e. g. for removal
and installation of valve stem
seals: Duïng cuï nhaû loø xo suù paùp
z valve spring lifter = pliers-type
tool with two expanding jaws,
used to lift and compress valve
springs for removal and
replacement: Kìm thaùo laép loø xo
suù paùp
z valve spring retainer =
VALVE SPRING CAP
z valve spring seat = seat
retaining the bottom of the valve
spring: Beä loø xo suù paùp
(opposite to the valve spring cap)
z valve stem n. narrow
cylindrical rod which supports the
valve head and moves up and
down in the valve guide: Thaân suù
paùp
z valve stem seal = oil seal
between the valve and the
cylinder head which prevents
excessive oil leakage from the top
of the cylinder head into the
valve stem seal installer
combustion chamber: Phoát suù paùp
z valve stem seal installer =
sleeve-type tool used to push
down valve stem seals for
installation: duïng cuï laép phoát suù
paùp
z valve stem seal pliers = special
pliers for removing valve stem
seals on overhead camshaft
engines: kìm laép phoát suù paùp
z valve timing n. the valve timing
of four-stroke engines state at
what crankshaft position with
respect to the dead centres of the
pistons the inlet and exhaust
valves open and close: Söï caân
cam
z valve train n. the entire
mechanism from camshaft to
valve that is involved with the
operation of a valve; the valve
and its valve gear: Toaøn boä cô
caáu ñieàu khieån ñoùng môû caùc suù
paùp
van n. (a) a covered road vehicle for
carrying goods (b) a recreational
vehicle based on the body of a
commercial van, usually with
comfortable, plush interior trim,
often with a bed: Xe taûi (chuyeân
chôû haønh lyù hoaëc ngöôøi)
vane n. a blade or plate on a wheel
or hub, especially the stator blade
in a turbine: Caùnh ñaët treân baùnh
hoaëc truïc
z vane-in-rotor pump n. =
SLIDING-VANE PUMP
z vane-in-stator pump =
EXTERNAL VANE PUMP
z vane pump n. type of rotary
pump with either a slotted rotor
and sliding vanes or a rotor with
380
vapour deposition
hinged vanes; typically used for
air pumps in secondary air
injection systems, as a compressor
in air conditioning systems, and in
some transmission systems: Bôm
caùnh quaït
z vane switch n. = HALL
VANE SWITCH
z vane wheel impeller n.
impeller with straight radial
vanes: Baùnh coâng taùc coù caùnh
thaúng
vanity mirror n. mirror on the inside
of a sun visor: Göông trang ñieåm
ôû maët trong taám che naéng
z vanity plate n. = PERSON-
AL(IZED) NUMBERPLATE
vaporize v. to turn into vapour: Laøm
cho boác hôi
vapour n. the gaseous form of a
liquid (usually caused by heating):
Hôi (do nung noùng chaát loûng)
z vapour canister = ACTIVAT-
ED CARBON CANISTER: Baàu
huùt hôi xaêng baèng than hoaït tính
z vapour degreasing = type of
cleaning procedure to remove
grease, oil, and loosely attached
solids from metals; a solvent such
as trichloroethylene is boiled, and
its vapours are condensed on the
metal surfaces: Taåy dô baån baèng
chaát deã bay hôi
z vapour deposition = production
of a surface film of metal on a
heated surface, usually in a
vacuum, either by decomposition
of the vapour of a compound at
the work surface, or by
directreaction between the work
surface and the vapour: Maï chaân
khoâng
vapour lock
z vapour lock = blockage in a
pipe caused by a bubble of gas,
especially that in an overheated
fuel line leading to the
carburettor: Ngheõn oáng vì boït hôi
variable belt transmission n.
continuously variable transmission
using rubber V-belts on
expanding-contracting pulleys,
depending on engine speed and
load; originally developed by va
Doorne for DAF and then used on
the Volvo 340: Hoäp soá töï ñoäng
voâ caáp theo toác ñoä vaø taûi ñoäng
cô baèng caùch thay ñoåi ñöôøng
kính puli ñai daãn ñoäng
z variable-choke carburettor
n.= VARIABLE-VENTURI CAR-
BURETTOR: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù
hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
z variable dwell n. = DWELL-
ANGLE CONTROL: Kieåm soaùt
goùc ngaäm
z variable limited-slip axle/
centre differential n. limited-
slip axle/ centre differential with
an electronically operated
multiple-disc clutch as a slip-
inhibiting device: Boä vi sai trung
taâm ly hôïp ña ñóa ñieàu khieån
baèng ñieän töû
z variable rate springs n.
springs which become stiffer
under compression; variable rate
gas springs are a feature of air
suspension systems: Loø xo khí coù
ñoä cöùng thay ñoåi (heä thoáng treo)
z variable ratio steering n.
steering ratio characteristics in
power steering systems providing
different ratios for small and large
steering angles: Heä thoáng laùi coù
381
V-belt drive
tyû soá truyeàn thay ñoåi
z variable valve timing n.
advancing and retarding valve
timing to increase efficiency by
precisely controlling the amount
of valve overlap: Thay ñoåi goùc
phaân phoái khí ñeå taêng hieäu suaát
ñoäng cô
z variable-venturi carburettor
or VV carburettor n. the
characteristic feature of this
carburettor is the vacuum-
operated piston which adjusts the
cross-sectional area of the venturi
and moves a jet needle in and out
of a needle jet; typical designs are
the SU and Stromberg
carburettors: Boä cheá hoøa khí coù
hoïng khueách taùn thay ñoåi
Variomatic transmission n. =
VARIABLE BELT TRANS-
MISSION: Hoäp soá voâ caáp qua ñai
truyeàn ñoäng
varnish n. (a) a hard, glossy
transparent coating: Veùc-ni
(b) a product of oil oxidation
which is deposited on pistons and
piston rings at high temperatures:
Lôùp nhôùt chaùy baùm treân piston
vaø seùc maêng
V-belt n. drive belt with a V-shaped
cross section, for transmission of
low to moderate forces; typically
used to drive generators, water
pumps, air pumps, air conditioner
compressor units and power
steering pumps: Daây ñai chöõ V
z V-belt drive = type of friction
drive in which forces are
transmitted from belt to pulley or
vice versa by friction: Truyeàn
ñoäng qua ñai daïng chöõ
VVBRA
VVBRA = VEHICLE BUILDERS
AND REPAIRERS ASSOCIA-
TION: Hoäi nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo
vaø söûa chöõa xe
VC = VISCOUS COUPLING
VECI = VEHICLE EMISSION
CONTROL INFORMATION
Vee-belt n. = V-BELT: Daây ñai
daïng chöõ V
z Vee-eight = V-EIGHT: Ñoäng
cô V-8
z Vee-engine = V-ENGINE:
Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ V
z Vee-four = V-FOUR: Ñoäng cô
V-4
z Vee-six = V-SIX: Ñoäng cô V-6
z Vee-ten = V-TEN: Ñoäng cô V-
10
z Vee-thread = V-THREAD:
Ren tam giaùc
z Vee-twelve = V-TWELVE:
Ñoäng cô V-12
vehicle n. any form of transportation
but especially one with wheels:
Xe coä
z Vehicle Builders and
Repairers association (VBRA) n.
British trade association: Hoäi
nhöõng ngöôøi cheá taïo vaø söûa
chöõa xe
z Vehicle Emission Control
Information (VECI) n. a label in
the engine compartment, e. g.
pasted to the radiator fan cover,
providing information about the
engine and emission controls:
Nhaõn chöùng nhaän ñaõ kieåm tra
khí thaûi xe
vehicle identification number (VIN)
n. chassis type and identification
number punched on a permanent
structure, such as the engine
382
ventilation
compartment bulkhead: Soá khung
vehicle registration document n.
document which specifies the
registered keeper(s) of a vehicle:
Theû ñaêng boä xe
z vehicle tax n. = ROAD TAX:
Thueá caàu ñöôøng
V-eight engine (V-8) n. an engine
with eight cylinders in the from of
a V; the type of engine typically
used on US automobiles of the
1950s and '60s was a large
displacement V-8: Ñoäng cô 8 xi
lanh chöõ V
V-engine n. engine in which two
banks of cylinders are set at an
angle to each other (usually 60° or
90° ) so that the axes form the
letter V with the crankshaft in the
middle: Ñoäng cô chöõ V
vent 1 n. (a) small opening for the
passage of air or gas: Loã thoâng
(b) US small triangular window
for letting air into the passenger
compartment: Cöûa soå thoâng khí
(nhoû hình tam giaùc)
2 v. to expel through a vent; e.g
when bleeding air (through a vent
valve or bleed screw) out of a
diesel fuel system after running
out of fuel: Xaû gioù
ventilate v. to provide with (fresh)
air: Laøm cho thoâng hôi, thoâng
gioù
z ventilated discs = two discs in a
disc brake system separated by
ribs and channels to allow cooling
air to disperse the heat between
the discs: Ñóa laøm maùt phanh
z ventilation n. provision of a
free or controlled circulation of
air: Söï thoâng gioù
vent(ilation) slot
z vent(ilation) slot = gaps in the
wheel disc which allow the
passage of air to assist brake
cooling: Raõnh thoâng gioù laøm maùt
phanh
z ventiport n. = PORT HOLE
z vent port n. = section
COMPENSATING PORT
venturi (tube) n. a short tube with a
constricted passage that increases
the velocity and lowers the
pressure of a fluid conveyed
through it: OÁng khueách taùn
z venturi vacuum = vacuum in
the venturi of a carburettor which
increases with the speed of the
airflow passing through it; an
exception are VV carburettors:
Chaân khoâng trong oáng khueách
taùn
vernier (caliper or gauge) n. a short
graduated scale that slides along a
longer graduated instrument and is
used to indicate fractional parts of
divisions, as in a micrometer:
Vecneâ (thöôùc chia thang phuï
keøm vôùi thang chính), thöôùc keïp
veteran car n. a car constructed
before 1919, especially one made
before 1905: Xe hôi cheá taïo
tröôùc naêm 1919
(NOTE: only the latter are permitted
to take part in the London-Brighton
Commemoration Run)
V-four engine (V-4) n. an engine with
four cylinders in the form of a V:
Ñoäng cô 4 xy lanh daïng chöõ V
VGC (in advertisements, short for)
very good condition: Tình traïng
raát toát (xe)
VI = VISCOSITY INDEX: Chæ soá ñoä
nhôùt
383
viscoelastic materials
vibration damper n. = TORSIONAL
VIBRATION DAMPER: Boä giaûm
dao ñoäng xoaén
Vicat softening temperature n. the
temperature at which a flat-ended
needle of 1mm² circular cross
will penetrate a
thermoplastic specimen to a depth
of 1mm under a specified load,
using a selected uniform rate of
temperature rise: Nhieät ñoä hoùa
meàm Vicat
z Vicat test method =
determination of the softening
temperature of plastics: Phöông
phaùp xaùc ñònh nhieät ñoä hoaù meàm
Vicat
vice or US vise n. clamping device
with adjustable jaws (usually
mounted on a workbench) used to
grip an object to be worked on:
Moû caëp, eâtoâ.
z vice grips = LOCKING
CLAMPS
VIN = VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER
vintage car n. a car constructed in the
period 1919 - 1930: Xe coå ñieån
(1919 - 1930)
virgin resin n. new resin material
which has not been recycled
before; needed for high-quality
parts: Nhöïa nguyeân chaát (khoâng
phaûi taùi sinh)
(NOTE: opposite is regrind)
visco-control unit n. = VISCOUS
COUPLING
z visco-differential n.=
VISCOUS COUPLING
DIFFERENTIAL
viscoelastic materials n. the most
characteristic features of
viscosity
viscoelastic materials are that
they exhibit a time-dependent
strain response to a constant stress
(creep) and a time-dependent
stress response to a constant strain
(relaxation). In addition, when the
applied stress is removed the
materials have the ability to
recover slowly over a period of
time: Vaät lieäu deûo, ñaøn hoài
viscosity n. resistance to flow: Tính
nhôùt, ñoä nhôùt
viscosity index (VI) n. measure of
how the viscosity of a liquid
(especially oil) changes with
temperature: the higher the VI,
the smaller the change of viscosity
with temperature: Chæ soá ñoä nhôùt
z viscosity index improver = oil
additive which reduces thinning at
high temperature, thus improving
the VI: Chaát phuï gia theâm vaøo
ñeå caûi thieän chæ soá ñoä nhôùt.
z viscous a. thick and sticky:
Seàn seät
z viscous coupling (VC) = a type
of multi-disc clutch used in some
4wd vehicles; the discs rotate in a
special fluid whose viscosity
increases sharply whenever there
is a difference in input and output
shaft speeds; installed in the drive
train between front and rear axles,
the VC smoothly engages rear-
wheel traction whenever the front
wheels (and, as a result, the
propeller shaft to the VC) rotate
faster than rear wheels: Khôùp noái
nhôùt
z viscous coupling differential =
limited-slip differential using
viscous couplings as slip-inhibiting
384
voltage tester
devices: Boä vi sai coù khôùp noái
nhôùt
z viscous transmission (vt) =
four-wheel drive with a viscous
centre differential: Truyeàn ñoäng
qua khôùp nhôùt
vise n. US = VICE
visor n. = SUN VISOR
voice alert (system) n. system in a
car which announces warning
messages to the driver, e. g.
'Warning! Oil pressure too low':
Heä thoáng baùo baèng gioïng noùi
z voice recognition n. the ability
of a computer to recognize a
command spoken by the user;
enables a driver to use a car
phone without using his hands: Söï
nhaän daïng gioïng noùi
volatility n. (e. g. of fuels) the ability
readily to change into a vapour:
Tính deã bay hôi
Volkswagen (VW) n. German car
manufacturer: Haõng saûn xuaát xe
cuûa Ñöùc
voltage n. electromotive force, or
difference in electrical potential,
expressed in volts: Hieäu ñieän theá
z voltage regulator = electric or
electronic device which regulates
the voltage output from a dynamo
or alternator which is affected by
engine speed, the power required
by the circuits and the state of the
battery: Boä ñieàu chænh ñieän theá
(boä tieát cheá)
z voltage reserve = HIGH
VOLTAGE RESERVE
z voltage tester = screwdriver
for testing electrical current, with
an insulated blade and handle; a
bulb inside the handle lights up if
voltage transformer
the blade touches a live terminal:
Tuoác nô vít thöû ñieän
z voltage transformer =
assembly for increasing the
voltage supplied to the air bag
system to 12 volts in case of a
drop in battery voltage: Maùy bieán
theá (söû duïng ñeå cung caáp 12V
cho heä thoáng ñieàu khieån goái hôi
trong tröôøng hôïp hoûng aéc quy
z voltammeter n. dual-purpose
instrument for measuring either
voltage or amperage: Ñoàng hoà ño
ñieän aùp vaø cöôøng ñoä doøng ñieän
z voltmeter n. instrument for
measuring voltage: Voân keá
volume n. cubic capacity: Theå tích
z volume car n. mass-produced
car: xe saûn xuaát ñaïi traø
z volume control screw
adjusting screw which controls the
amount of air/ fuel mixture
supplied by the idling circuit of a
fixed-jet carburettor: Vít chænh ga
volumetric efficiency n. (a) the ratio
of air or air /fuel mixture drawn
into the cylinder of an internal
combustion of the piston: Hieäu
suaát naïp
(b) number of horsepower (hp) per
cubic inch displacement: Coâng
suaát rieâng
volute a. having the form of a spiral:
Xoaén oác
z volute casing = a progressively
expanding pump casing
proportioned to reduce the liquid
velocity gradually so that some of
the velocity energy of the liquid is
converted into static pressure: Voû
bôm hình xoaén oác
V-pulley n. pulley with a pair of
VV carburettor
adjustable cup-shaped discs, used
on belt transmissions, to permit
adjustment of the effective pulley
diameter and transmission ratio:
Puli chöõ V
VR engine n. new engine design: a
combination of in-line and V-
engine, the V-angle being reduced
(VR) to about 15°; this results in a
block which is shorter than a four-
cylinder unit of similar capacity.
Unlike conventional V-8 engines,
the VR engine is topped by a
single cylinder head: Ñoäng cô
môùi hình chöõ VR
VRV = VACUUM REDUCER
VALVE
V-six engine (V-6) n. an engine with
six cylinders in the form of a V:
n. Ñoäng cô 6 xy lanh daïng chöõ V
VT = VISCOUS TRANSMISSION:
truyeàn ñoäng qua khôùp nhôùt
V-ten engine (V-10) n. an engine
with ten cylinders in the form of a
V: Ñoäng cô 10 xy lanh daïng chöõ
V
V-thread n. triangular screw thread:
Ren tam giaùc
V-twelve engine (V-12) n. an engine
with twelve cylinders in the form
of a V: Ñoäng cô 12 xy lanh daïng
chöõ V
vulcanization n. chemical reaction
which charges the physical
properties of elastomers: Söï löu
hoùa (cao su)
z vulcanize v. (of tyre production)
to treat rubber with sulphur or
sulphur compounds under heat and
pressure to improve elasticity and
strength: Löu hoùa
VV carburettor n. = VARIABLE
385
VV carburettor VW

VENTURI CARBURETTOR: Boä VW = VOLKSWAGEN: Haõng saûn

cheá hoøa khí coù hoïng khueách taùn xuaát oâ toâ cuûa Ñöùc
thay ñoåi

386
wad punch
Ww
wad punch n. tool with round cutting
edge for cutting out holes in
gaskets or other soft materials:
Duïng cuï daäp daáu troøn, caùi ñoät loã
roong
wagon n. = STATION WAGON
wander n. tendency of a vehicle to
stray from its steered course; a
fault caused by incorrect tyre
pressure, worn steering linkage,
etc.: Chao, ñaûo (baùnh xe)
Wankel engine n. a rotary engine
which uses no pistons; instead,
triangular rotors revolve in
specially shaped housings: Ñoäng
cô Wankel
(NOTE: named after the German
engineer, Felix Wankel 1902 – 88,
Felix Wankel [1902 ~1988])
warding file n.= KEY FILE: Caùi giuõa
khe raêng chìa khoùa
warm up v. to run an engine until it
reaches normal operating
temperature: Laøm noùng ñoäng cô
khi ñoäng cô coøn nguoäi hoaëc trôøi
laïnh (K-jetronic)
z warm-up control until = until
that produces the richer mixture
needed for cold running and
modulates fuel system pressure
according to engine temperature;
the until includes an electrically
heated thermostatic spring, which
reduces the force on a spring-
loaded control diaphragm: Tröôùc
khi ñieàu khieån haâm noùng ñoäng cô
z warm-up enrichment = educed
enrichment of the air / fuel mixture
following cranking and after-start
387
washer fluid
enrichment: Söï laøm giaøu hoøa khí
cuûa giai ñoaïn haâm noùng ñoäng cô
warning lamp or light n. small lamps
on the instrument panel that light
up if there is a problem: Ñeøn baùo
hö hoûng, baùo loãi (code)
warning triangle n. triangular red
safety reflector that must be
carried on all vehicles and be
placed at the side of the road to
warn of an obstruction ahead, such
as a broken-down vehicle: Bieån
tam giaùc baùo nguy hieåm
warp 1 n. bending or twisting out of
shape: Traïng thaùi cong, veânh
2 v. to bend or twist out of shape:
Laøm cong, veânh
warranty n. formal written
declaration of good quality by the
manufacturer of an article,
including an agreement to repair
or replace it if it is found to be
defective within a certain period of
time: Phieáu baûo haønh
washcoat n. oxide layer on the
catalyst substrate which increases
with the active surface area: Lôùp
oxide treân chaát xuùc taùc
washer n. flat disc or ring of metal,
rubber, leather, etc., fitted under a
nut to even out pressure and
prevent damage to the part on
which it bears, or to lock the nut in
place, or used for spacing or as a
seal: Long ñeàn, voøng loùt, voøng
ñeäm
washer fluid n. fluid added to
thewater in the windscreen washer
and rear screen washer reservoirs /
wash / wipe switch
bottles to improve the cleaning
action and lower the freezing
point: Chaát loûng röûa kính xe hôi
z wash / wipe switch n. switch on
the instrument panel that operates
the rear screen wash/ wipe system:
Coâng taéc heä thoáng gaït/röûa kính
sau
(NOTE: the windscreen washer
system, which includes an
intermittent wipe, is usually
located on the windscreen wiper
control stalk)
waste gate n. a valve located on the
exhaust side of the engine, with
three connections: to the engine
exhaust manifold, turbine, and
silencer; most waste gates have a
control line to the inlet manifold:
Cöûa xaû trong heä thoáng taêng aùp
waste spark method n. in
distributorless ignition systems,
dual-spark coils fire two sparking
plugs at the same time; one of
these sparks is in a cylinder during
its exhaust stroke, where the spark
has no effect (waste spark); the
other spark occurs in the cylinder
near the end of the compression
stroke: Tia löûa ôû kyø thaûi trong
ñaùnh löûa tröïc tieáp duøng boâbin
ñoâi
water- cooled a. (engine) cooled by
the passage of water: Ñöôïc laøm
nguoäi baèng nöôùc (ñoäng cô)
(NOTE: opposite is air – cooled)
z water cooling system n. the
normal cooling system used on
most cars and lorries to keep the
temperature of the engine down to
a desirable level; engine heat is
removed via water acting as a
388
Watt linkage
coolant which surrounds the
cylinders in a water passages,
coolant pump, thermostat, hoses,
and radiator: Heä thoáng laøm maùt
baèng nöôùc
water injection (system) n. system
that prevents detonation in high-
compression engines by injecting
metered amounts of water into the
inlet manifold where it mixes with
the air/ fuel charge entering the
engine; there the water spray turns
to steam, cooling combustion and
cleaning out old carbon deposits:
Heä thoáng phun nöôùc vaøo ñöôøng
oáng naïp ñeå choáng kích noå trong
caùc ñoäng cô coù tyû soá neùn cao
water jacket n.the channels between
the inner and outer shells of the
cylinder block or head, through
which coolant circulates to prevent
overheating of the engine: AÙo
nöôùc (aùo loùt bao quanh caùc xy
lanh vaø naép ñoäng cô ñeå daãn nöôùc
laøm maùt)
z water pump n. in the cooling
system, the mechanism that
circulates the coolant between the
water jacket and the radiator;
usually a centrifugal pump, located
preferably in the cold leg of the
circuit (to reduce the risk of
cavitation): Bôm nöôùc
z water temperature gauge n.
gauge on the instrument panel
which indicates coolant
temperature: Ñoàng hoà baùo nhieät
ñoä nöôùc laøm maùt
Watt linkage n. a means of reducing
or eliminating lateral movement of
a beam axle relative to the vehicle
body, consisting of an upright
waveband
member at the centre of the axle
whose top and bottom are
connected by rods to the sides of
the body Watt: Thanh noái Watt
ñeå giaûm löïc tröôït ngang
waveband n. series of wavelengths
forming a group: Baêng taàn (radio)
wax 1 n. a substance resembling
beeswax in appearance and
character, and in general
distinguished by its composition
ofesters and higher alcohols, and
by its freedom from fatty acids;
used for underbody sealing, cavity
sealing, and paintwork care: Chaát
saùp
2 v. to treat with wax: Laøm boùng
baèng saùp
z waxing n. the formation of wax
crystals in diesel fuel in freezing
conditions, thus clogging the fuel
filter and stopping the engine;
avoided by the use of a fuel heater
or fuel additives: Söï hình thaønh
tinh theå daïng saùp trong daàu
diesel ôû ñieàu kieän baêng giaù
z wax injection or lancing n. the
injection of corrosion-inhibiting
wax into car body cavities: Söï
phun saùp choáng aên moøn
z wax-type thermostat n.
thermostat in which the expansion
of melting paraffin wax (in a rigid
cylinder) deforms a moulded
rubber membrane and displaces a
piston / pin from the cylinder; this
has the advantage of being
insensitive to sudden temperature
fluctuations or to the pressure in
the system: Boä ñieàu chænh nhieät
(van haèng nhieät) loaïi saùp
WD-40 n. proprietary water-re
389
weatherstrip
pellent spray: Loaïi bình daàu
thaám
weak a. (of A/ F mixture) = LEAN:
Ngheøo (hoãn hôïp hoøa khí)
wear n. the progressive loss of
substance from the operating
surface of a body occurring as a
result of relative motion at the
surface; rubbing away: Ñoä moøn
z wear pattern = pattern of wear
visible at the point where two parts
touch: Veát moøn
z wear resistance = ability to
withstand conditions which cause a
progressive loss of substance:
Tính choáng moøn
z wear ring = (pump) ring used to
prevent costly wear of the casing
and impeller at the running joint;
(fitted on both the casing and the
impeller): Voøng chòu moøn trong
bôm
weathering n. physical disintegration
and chemical decomposition of
materials on exposure to
atmospheric agents: Söï thoaùi hoùa
vaät lieäu do moâi tröôøng
z weather resistant a. able to
withstand natural climatic
conditions which cause surface
deterioration: Coù söùc chòu ñöïng
vôùi thôøi tieát
z weatherstrip n. a rubber seal
fitted to the body, e.g. along a door
aperture or bootlid, to prevent
water, air and moisture from
getting into the interior of the
body: Vieàn cao su boïc quanh cöûa
hay kính chaén gioù ñeå nöôùc möa
khoûi loït vaøo xe
web n. (a) internal reinforcement
between panels: Ñieåm gia coá beân
webbing
trong giöõa caùc taám
(b) = CRANK WEB: maù truïc
khuyûu
z webbing n. woven nylon strap
used for seal belts: Vaûi laøm ñai an
toaøn
z webbing grabber = device in an
inertia reel seat belt that grips the
belt webbing tightly in the event of
sudden braking or impact: Cô caáu
ruùt daây ñai an toaøn
wedge combustion chamber n.
wedge-shaped chamber with the
valve in the longer sloping surface
and the sparking plug in the
shorter; the tapered part of the
wedge forms a squish zone:
Buoàng chaùy daïng hình neâm
z wedge end n. the flat peen of a
peen and finish hammer, shaped
like a wedge: Ñaàu muõi buùa hình
neâm
z wedge expander n. part of a
mechanical drum brake system
which forces the shoes apart into
contact with the drum: Cô caáu ñaåy
boá phanh
weighbridge n. device for measuring
the weight of vehicles (especially
lorries), consisting of a metal plate
set into the road surface: Caàu caân
xe
weight n. (a) (see DRY WEIGHT,
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT,
KERB WEIGHT): Troïng löôïng
(b) = BALANCE WEIGHT: Troïng
löôïng caân baèng (mieáng chì gaén
vaøo nieàng)
(c) = ADVANCE WEIGHT: Quaû
vaêng (sôùm ly taâm)
z weight per unit area n.
indicates the thickness of metallic
390
weld-through primer
paint coatings in grams per square
metre of surface area: Troïng
löôïng sôn treân moät ñôn vò dieän
tích
z weight transfer n. the transfer
of load from one end or side of the
vehicle to the other when
accelerating, braking or cornering:
Chuyeån dòch troïng taâm (khi taêng
toác, phanh hoaëc quay voøng)
Weissach axle n. special double
wishbone rear suspension
developed by Porsche for the 928s
to minimize the problems of over-
steering: Truïc xe loaïi Weissach
welch plug n. disc-shaped metal plug
used to seal holes: Nuùt cheâm
daïng ñóa baèng kim loaïi
welding n. joining pieces of metal or
plastic together by heating them to
suitable temperatures, with or
without the application of filler
material: Söï haøn, kyõ thuaät haøn
z welding clamp = locking clamp
with U-shaped jaws (which allow
more visibility and working space),
used to hold panels, bars, tubes,
etc. for welding: Caùi baøn keïp ñeå
haøn
z welding jig = a special type of
frame gauge used to establish the
correct position of structural parts
on the body prior to welding them
in: Ñoà gaù laép ñeå haøn khung xe
z welding rod = (gas/arc welding)
welding electrode supplied in
individual lengths: Que haøn
z welding wire = (MIG welding)
welding electrode fed into the
handset from a reel: Que haøn
(MIG)
weld-through primer n. special paint
well-base rim
used along spot welds or seams; it
does not burn off during welding
and thus offers good protection on
the back of welded panels that
would normally be inaccessible
once welding is completed: Chaát
duøng ñeå sôn loùt suoát moái haøn
well-base rim n. wheel rim with a
central channel or recess into
which one side of the tyre bead
can drop; the other side can then
be forced over the rim for fitting or
removal: Vaønh baùnh xe nguyeân
khoái
z well-base wheel = ONE-PIECE
WHEEL: Baùnh xe nguyeân khoái
W-engine n. a rare engine design,
basically similar to a V-engine, but
using three instead of two cylinder
rows: Ñoäng cô daïng chöõ W
wet clutch n. friction clutch that uses
an oil bath to dissipate heat: Boä ly
hôïp öôùt (chaïy trong daàu ñeå daãn
nhieät)
z wet galvanizing n. galvanizing
method in which the flux is
deposited in molten from on the
zinc bath, and the metal to be
galvanized is introduced into the
bath by passing it through this
layer of flux: Söï maï keõm öôùt
(NOTE: opposite is dry
galvanizing)
z wet grip n. road holding ability
of a tyre on a wet surface: Khaû
naêng baùm cuûa baùnh xe treân maët
ñöôøng öôùt
z wet liner n. cylinder liner that is
in direct contact with the coolant:
OÁng loùt (sô mi) xi lanh öôùt
(NOTE: opposite is dry liner)
z wet motor n. pump whose
391
wheel balance
motor compartment is filled with
liquid; submersible pumps are
generally classified as wet motor
types: Bôm coù chaát loûng ñi qua
phaàn ñoäng cô (bôm öôùt)
z wet sleeve n. = WET LINER:
OÁng loùt xy lanh öôùt
z wet sump lubrication n. the
usual engine lubrication system in
which the oil is carried in a sump
below the crankshaft; such a
system relies on gravity draining
the circulated oil and needs no
return pump: Heä thoáng boâi trôn
coù ngaên chöùa daàu ôû phía döôùi
wheel n.(a) a rotating, load-carrying
member between the tyre and axle
consisting of a rim and a wheel
disc or spider; a wheel must be
designed to support the tyre while
withstanding loads from accelera-
tion, braking and cornering; as part
of the unsprung mass of a car, it
must be light: Baùnh xe
(b) (informal) = STEERING
WHEEL: Baùnh laùi, voâ laêng
z wheel adapter n. spacer ring
that adapts hubs to wheels with a
different number of lugs, e. g. 4-
lug hubs to 5-lug wheels: Voøng
chuyeån tieáp ñeå noái baùnh xe khaùc
soá loã
z wheel alignment gauge n.
gauge used to measure the
distance between the rims of the
front wheels: Duïng cuï caân chænh
baùnh xe
z wheel balance or wheel
balancing machine n. a machine
capable of locating static and
dynamic wheel imbalance and
determining the mass of the
wheelbase
balancing weights required: Caân
baèng baùnh xe hoaëc maùy caân baèng
baùnh xe
z wheelbase n. distance between
the centerlines of the front and
rear wheels; for lorries with
tandem rear axles, the rear
centreline is considered to be
midway between the two rear
axles: Khoaûng caùch giöõa hai caàu
xe (tröôùc vaø sau)
z wheel bearings n. the bearings
in wheel hubs: ball bearings for
drive shafts and taper roller
bearings for driven hubs: OÅ laên
(baïc ñaïn) baùnh xe
z wheel bolt n. bolts which are
screwed into threaded holes in the
wheel hub or at the axle flange;
common on passenger car wheels
and one-piece commercial vehicle
wheels: Bu loâng baùnh xe
z wheel brace n. a cranked socket
spanner for wheel nuts: Caùi tuyùp
vaën oác baùnh xe
z wheel camber n. = CAMBER:
Goùc nghieâng baùnh xe ra ngoaøi
hay vaøo trong khi nhìn töø ñaàu xe
zwheel changing n. changing a
defective wheel: Thay baùnh xe
wheel chock n. wedge-shaped block
put under a wheel to prevent a
vehicle from rolling: Vaät cheâm
baùnh xe ñeå ngaên xe khoûi laên
z wheel clamp n. device attached
to the wheel of a parked car to
prevent it being driven away; used
as an anti-theft device if attached
privately, and a means of ensuring
payment of a fine (to the authority
to have the device removed) if
392
wheel load
parked illegally: Caùi khoaù baùnh
xe ñeå choáng troäm
(NOTE: US English is Denver
boot)
z wheel cover n. metal or plastic
disc fitted to the centre of a road
wheel: Naép chuïp baùnh xe
z wheel cylinder n. (drum brake)
hydraulic brake actuating device;
major parts are cylinder body,
spring, cup expander, cup or piston
seal, piston, dust boot, bleeder
valve: Xy lanh con (phanh)
z wheel disc n. part of the wheel
that connects the rim to the hub; its
design is governed by specific rim
type, axle connection, brake
contour, brake cooling, hub cap
fixing, load capacity and attractive
styling: Ñóa baùnh xe
z wheel dolly n. = DOLLY
z wheel flutter n. = WHEEL
WOBBLE
z wheel hub n. = HUB: (Ñuøm) oå
truïc baùnh xe
z wheelie n. (informal)
manoeuvre in which the front
wheel (s) is/are lifted off the
ground on sudden acceleration;
originally practised on motorbikes:
Ñoäng taùc ñi moät baùnh khi taêng
toác ñoät ngoät (xe gaén maùy).
z wheel imbalance: Söï maát caân
baèng cuûa baùnh xe
wheel machine n. a special shop tool
used to shape steel and aluminium
panels: Duïng cuï laøm ñoàng
wheel judder n. = SHIMMY
z wheel load n. that part of the
vehicle weight resting on a single
wheel: Taûi troïng treân moãi baùnh
wheel lock
xe
z wheel lock n. (a) condition in
which the wheels stop turning as a
result of excessive braking; leads
to a skid: Tình traïng baùnh xe bò
boù cöùng khi phanh gaáp.
(b) any anti-theft device for
expensive (alloy) wheels: Khoaù
choáng laáy caép baùnh xe
z wheel marking n. all disc
wheels are marked (generally on
the front side of the disc in the stud
hole area) with the manufacturer’s
trademark, the wheel number, rim
size, and date of production: Söï
ghi nhaõn baùnh xe
z wheel mounting n. the fitting of
a wheel onto a hub: Söï laép baùnh
xe
wheel nut n. one of several nuts
which hold the wheel and tyre
assembly on the car and are
screwed on the studs: Ñai oác baùnh
xe
(NOTE:US English is lug nut)
z wheel nut spider = cross-
shaped spanner with four socket
heads: Caây thaùo laép baùnh xe hình
chöõ thaäp
wheel panel n. the panel area
around the wheel cutout in the
wing; this term often also refers to
a repair section for this area, as
this is a favourite rust spot on
many cars: Veø baùnh xe
z wheel patter n.vertical
oscillation of a wheel making it
hop up and down rapidly, either
because of imbalance or because
the tyre is faulty or badly fitted:
Dao ñoäng doïc cuûa baùnh xe do
maát caân baèng, laép sai hoaëc hö
393
wheel tree
z wheel rim n. the outer part of
the wheel on the tyre is mounted:
Nieàng baùnh xe
z wheel rotation n. swapping
wheels around to compensate for
unequal tyre wear and increase
tread life; moving them from front
of to rear is generally
recommended and is the only safe
method on vehicles fitted with
directional tread tyres: Söï chuyeån
ñoåi baùnh xe (laáy baùnh tröôùc gaén
ra sau) ñeå choáng moøn vaø taêng
tuoåi thoï.
z wheel shimmy or shudder n. =
SHIMMY
z wheelslip n. = WHEELSPIN
z wheel speed sensor n.
electronic device for picking up
the rotational speed of a wheel in
order to inform the processing unit
of an ASR or ABS system: Caûm
bieán toác ñoä baùnh xe
z wheelspin n. effect of too much
throttle making the driven wheels
turn too fast to grip the road
surface; easily done on a wet or
icy surface and leaves a telltale
trace of rubber on a dry one: Söï
tröôït baùnh xe (quay troøn)
z wheel stud n. one of several
threaded bolts projecting from the
wheel disc to which the wheel is
secured by a wheel nut: Bu loâng
baùnh xe
z wheel tramp n. = RADIAL
RUN – OUT
z wheel tree n. a special stand for
wheels, e.g. for a complete set of
summer or winter tyres, designed
to prevent condensation and tyre
deformation over extended storage
wheel trim
periods: Giaù ñôõ baùnh xe trong
thôøi gian baûo quaûn
z wheel trim n. = WHEEL
COVER: Naép baùnh xe
z wheel trim emblem = plastic
emblem with logo; self-adhesive
backing adheres to hub cap or
wheel cover centre cap: Bieåu
töôïng treân naép baùnh xe
z wheel weight tool n. special
automotive tool for use when
balancing wheels; installs, trims
and remes all types of clip-on
wheel weights with a hammer
head and pliers for installation and
removal and a cutter for trimming:
Duïng cuï caân baèng baùnh xe
z wheel wobble n. oscillation of
the front wheels caused by
unbalanced wheels, defective
steering gear, etc: Söï ñaûo baùnh
tröôùc
whip aerial n. long, thin, flexible
aerial: AÊn ten xeáp
whipping or whirling n. (of a drive
shaft) tendency of a long rotating
shaft to bend at high speed, like a
bow or whip: Khuynh höôùng voõng
xuoáng cuûa truïc daøi khi quay toác
ñoä cao
white metal n. any of various (tin-
based) alloys, such as Babbitt
metal, still occasionally used for
bearings: Hôïp kim choáng ma saùt:
moät hôïp kim cuûa thieác, chì vaø
aên-ti-mon coù nhieät ñoä noùng chaûy
vaø heä soá ma saùt thaáp duøng laøm
baïc loùt
z white lithium grease n. type
of grease that will not freeze, melt
or wash off; used for speedometer
and brake cables, door and bonnet
394
windscreen pillars
hinges, door stop latches, boot
springs, seat slide tracks,
distributor cams, windscreen wiper
mechanism, etc: Môõ boâi trôn coù
chaát Lithi khoâng ñoâng, khoâng
chaûy
z white rust n. loose, porous
oxidation products formed on zinc
when a lack of carbon dioxide
occurs and water condenses on the
surface of the work: Gæ keõm coù
maøu traéng
wide-nose peen hammer n. a peen
and finish hammer with an extra-
wide wedge end well suited to
shaping of sharp corners and beads
in panels: Ñaàu muõi buùa coù muõi
lôùn
z wide open throttle (WOT) n.
US = FULL THROTTLE
Wilson gearbox n. an early pre-
selector epicyclic gearbox still
used in buses: Hoäp soá Wilson
(NOTE: named after British
inventor Walter Gordon Wilson,
1874-1957)
wind deflector n. = AIR SHIELD:
Taám chaén gioù
z window weatherstrip n. rubber
or moquette sealing strip fitted in
the gap on either side of a sliding
door window to seal the door
gutter and prevent water getting in
to the inventor of the door frame:
Vieàn cao su boïc quanh kính xe
windscreen or US windshield n.
forward-facing front window of a
motor vehicle: Kính chaén gioù xe
hôi (kính tröôùc)
z windscreen pillars n. the front
posts of the body shell which
together with the scuttle and
windscreen shade band
header panel form the windscreen
aperture: Truï ñôõ khung kính
tröôùc
z windscreen shade band n. =
SUN SHIELD: Daõi maøu toái treân
kính tröôùc ñeå bôùt choùi
z windscreen surround n.
moulded rubber insulating strip
round the windscreen: Ñöôøng vieàn
cao su bao quanh kính tröôùc
windscreen washer n. a person who
washes windscreens: Ngöôøi röûa
kính
windscreen wash / wipe system n.
system operated by the same
lever on the control stalk that
operates the wipers, which directs
a jet of water onto the windscreen
and activates the wipers for a short
period: Heä thoáng xòt vaø gaït nöôùc
kính
z windscreen wiper n.
electrically operated arm with a
(renewable) rubber or plastic blade
that wipes a windscreen clear of
rain, snow, etc. ; activated by a
switch or lever on the instrument
panel or control stalk: Caàn (caùi)
gaït nöôùc
windshield n. US = WINDSCREEN
win tunnel n. tunnel-like chamber in
which a current of air can be
maintained at a constant velocity
and in which motor vehicles (and
aircraft, etc.) are tested to
determine their aerodynamic
properties and the effects of wind
pressure: OÁng thöû khí ñoäng
wind-up window n. window that is
manually operated with a winder:
Kính quay tay
wing n. the car body panel that covers
395
wire mesh
a road wheel and provides
protection against splashes of mud,
etc.: Taám khung chaén buøn phía
treân baùnh xe
(NOTE: US English is fender)
z wing mirror = rear-view mirror
mounted on the wing; once
common but now replaced by door
mirrors: Kính chieáu haäu ñaët treân
capoâ
wing nut n. nut with two flat
projections like wings so that it can
be easily turned by hand: Ñai oác
coù tai hay caùnh vaën
z wing shield n. small curved
panel in front side window which
deflects wind and reduces draught
with the window open: typically
made of transparent acrylic, clear
or smoked: Taám mica trong che
cöûa hoâng khi xuoáng kính
winker n. (informal) = DIRECTION
INDICATOR
winter tyre n. a tyre with a deep tread
suitable for winter conditions:
Loaïi voû xe duøng cho muøa ñoâng
wiper n. short for windscreen wiper,
rear wiper, headlamp wiper: Caàn
gaït nöôùc
wire brush n. brush with wire
bristles for removing loose paint,
dirt, carbon, or rust from metal
surfaces: Baøn chaûi saét
z wire glow plug n. double-
pole glow plug with an unsheathed
wire loop; now superseded by
sheathed-type glow plugs: Bougie
xoâng 2cöïc
z wire loom n. = SPARKING
PLUG CABLE LOOM
z wire mesh n. in catalytic
converters with a ceramic
wire spoke
monolith, a stainless-steel fabric
used as a shock-absorbing support
for: Löôùi daây kim loaïi ñeå choáng
rung cho boä xuùc taùc
wire spoke n. part which connects the
hub of a wire spoke wheel to the
rim: Nan hoa vaønh xe
wire strippers n. pliers used for
removing insulating material from
the ends of the ends of electrical
wire: Kìm tuoát daây ñieän
z wire stripper / crimper tool =
multi-purpose electricians’ pliers
for cutting and stripping wire and
crimping insulated or non-
insulated solderless terminals
when servicing the electrical
system: Kìm caét vaø tuoát daây
z wiring harness or wiring loom
n. vehicle wiring bound in a
protective sheath, which aids
installation as an integrated unit:
Buoái daây ñieän
wiring pigtail n. short length of wire,
usually with connector,
permanently attached to an
electric component, such as an
oxygen sensor: Ñoaïn daây ngaén
nhoâ ra töø thieát bò ñieän (ñaàu noái)
z wiring trough n. longitudinal
moulding that guides and conceals
wiring.: Caùi keïp buoái daây
wishbone n. transverse link shaped
like an A or wishbone: Ñoøn chöõ A
(NOTE: US English is A-arm).
withdrawal fork n. = CLUTCH
FORK
wobble n. side-to-side vibration;
lateral runout: Söï dao ñoäng ngang
z wobble extension (bar) n.
special extension with a unique
male end that enables the user to
396
worm-and-roller-steering
drive the socket up to 150 from
vertical: Ñaàu noái vaøo caàn sieát ñeå
quay nghieâng
z wobble plate n. = SWASH
PLATE
wood alcohol n. = METHANOL:
Röôïu metanol, coàn thöïc vaät
Woodruff key n. semicircular key
that slots into a curved keyway in a
shaft to prevent rotational
movement between the shaft and a
hub or pulley: Then baùn nguyeät,
choát côø la veùt
working cycle n. recurring sequence
of events in the combustion
process, e.g. a four-stroke cycle:
Chu trình laøm vieäc
z working cylinder n. inner
cylinder of a double-tube shock
absorber: Xy lanh vaän haønh trong
boä giaûm xoùc hai oáng
worm n. short, rotating shaft on which
a helical groove has been cut, as in
a gear arrangement in which such
a shaft meshes with a toothed
wheel: truïc vít
z worm-and-lever steering =
CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
baåy
z worm-and-nut steering =
steering system in which rotation
of the worm causes a nut, which
encloses it, to move up or down,
thus turning the rocker shaft: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñai oác
z worm-and-peg steering =
CAM-AND-LEVER STEERING:
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít – ñoøn
baåy
z worm-and-roller-steering =
CAM-AND-ROLLER STEERING:
worm-and-sector steering
Heä thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - con
laên
z worm-and-sector steering =
type of steering system in which
rotation of the worm moves a V-
shaped section of a toothed wheel
at the top of the rocker shaft: Heä
thoáng laùi kieåu truïc vít - ñoaïn
voøng raêng cong
z worm gear = device consisting
of a short, threaded shaft (worm)
that mates with a gearwheel
(worm wheel) so that rotary
motion can be transferred between
two shafts at right angles to each
other: Baùnh vít
z worm wheel = gearwheel
driven by a worm: Baùnh raêng
nghieâng aên khôùp truïc vít
WOT = WIDE OPEN
THROTTLE: Böôùm ga môû lôùn
wrapround a. curving round in one
continuous piece: Ñöôøng vieàn
z wrapround windscreen
PANORAMIC WINDSCREEN
wrench n. a spanner, especially one
with adjustable jaws: Chìa khoùa
(sieát môû buø loong, ñai oác)
write-off
wrinkling n. (paint fault) the top coat
tends to wrinkle to a smaller or
greater degree if the outer paint
coat dries too rapidly, preventing
the underlying coats from drying
properly; this also occurs if the
paint film is too heavy: Neáp nhaên
cuûa lôùp sôn
wrist pin n. US = GUDGEON PIN:
Choát (aéc) pittoâng
write off v. (a) to damage a car
beyond repair or, for insurance
purposes, so as to be not worth
repairing: Phaù hoûng xe ñeán möùc
khoâng theå söûa ñeå ñöôïc ñeàn baûo
hieåm
(b) (insurance assessor) to
consider (a car) to be a total loss:
Xaùc ñònh xe bò hö hoaøn toaøn (baûo
hieåm)
z write-off n. a car damaged
beyond repair or so badly damaged
as to be not worth repairing for
= insurance purposes: Söï phaù hoûng
xe ñeán möùc khoâng söûa ñöôïc ñeå
baûo hieåm ñeàn
397
 Xenon
Xx Yy Zz
xenon n. colourless, odourless gas
used in electric luminescent tubes
to provide a bright light: a xenon
stroboscope for ignition timing is
strong enough to use in daylight.:
Khí xenon (duøng trong boùng ñeøn
suùng caân löûa)
X-flow cylinder head n. = CROSS-
FLOW CYLINDER HEAD
X-type frame n. a frame design
shaped like an elongated letter X
that narrows to a strong junction at
the centre section; it usually has
three or more crossmembers to
provide torsional stability but
there are no crossmembers in the
centre section of the vehicle.:
Khung xe daïng chöõ X
yaw v. to move or rotate about a
vertical axis: Quay quanh truïc
thaúng ñöùng
z yaw acceleration = a steady
increase in the yaw angle: Gia toác
quay quanh truïc thaúng ñöùng
z yaw angle = angle of deviation
between a vehicle's longitudinal
axis and its true direction of
motion, i.e. the difference
between the direction a vehicle is
pointing when cornering and the
direction in which it is actually
moving.: Goùc quay quanh truïc
thaúng ñöùng
Y-belt n. Y-shaped belt design
used to restrain babies in a baby
seat.: Daây ñai daïng chöõ Y (daây
ñai an toaøn cho em beù)
Y - configuration n. Y-shaped
connection of the three stator
398
zinc
windings of an alternator: Caùc
cuoän daây pha noái hình sao trong
maùy phaùt
Y-pipe n. (exhaust system) Y-shaped
down pipe connecting a two-
branch exhaust manifold to a
single exhaust pipe: Ñaàu oáng poâ
daïng chöõ Y
Z-axle n. a rear axle introduced with
the BMW ZI in 1988, consisting of
a trailing arm, one upper lateral
link, one lower diagonal link, and
a coil spring at each side; also
included is an anti-roll bar: Caàu
truïc sau daïng chöõ Z
zebrano or zebrawood n. striped
hardwood used for interior trim as
a cheaper alternative to burr
walnut.: Goã oáp trong xe
Zener diode n. voltage regulator
diode in electronic ignition and
alternator output circuits.: Diod
Zener (diod ñieàu chænh ñieän aùp
trong maïch ñaùnh löûa ñieän töû vaø
maïch ngoõ ra maùy phaùt)
zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) n.
vehicle which itself produces no
emissions, such as electric
powered vehicles.: Xe khoâng oâ
nhieãm (xe ñieän, xe hydro)
ZEV = ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE
zinc n. metallic element used in
galvanizing metals, die-casting, as
a constituent in various alloys, as
abattery electrode, etc.: Keõm
z zinc alloy = alloy whose main
component is zinc: Hôïp kim keõm
z zinc bath = GALVANIZING
BATH
zinc-electroplating
z zinc-electroplating = application of zinc-based primer
ELECTROGALVANIZING: Maï
keõm baèng ñieän phaân
z zinc immersion treatment =
pretreatment before electro-
plating; a thin zinc deposit forms
by immersion of aluminium in a
zinc solution which prevents
further oxidation of the aluminium
and provides a key for the
galvanic coating: Xöû lyù tröôùc khi
maï (ngaâm vaøo dung dòch keõm)
z zinc-iron alloy layer = alloy
layer formed on iron and steel
during hot-dip galvanizing as a
result of the diffusion of atoms
from the molten zinc into the work
and vice versa: Lôùp hôïp kim saét -
keõm (hình thaønh khi maï noùng)
z zinc phosphate coating = zinc-
rich conversion coating produced
by phosphating: Lôùp photphat
phuû ngoaøi keõm
z zinc plating = application of a
zinc coating by galvanizing or
electrogalvanizing: Maï keõm
z zinc-rich paint / primer = paint
containing an extremely high
proportion of metallic zinc dust in
the dry film (about 95% by
weight), applied to iron and steel
as an anti-corrosive primer ; the
399
ZVD
may be regarded as a less durable
form of cold galvanizing.: Sôn
giaøu keõm/ chaát duøng ñeå sôn loùt
zincrometal n. trademark of a special
type of coil-coated steel sheet
with plastic and zinc dust coating,
which is proving increasingly
useful in automobile manufacture:
Theùp taám phuû nhöïa vaø keõm
zinc spraying n. process for applying
zinc coatings to iron and steel.: Söï
phuû keõm
zinc vapour deposition (ZVD) n.
process in which zinc vapour is
deposited in a vacuum on the
pieces being worked on.: quaù
trình keát tuï cuûa hôi keõm
zirconia (ZrO2) n. zirconium oxide,
used in enamels and ceramic
coatings.: Zirconium oxide (hôïp
chaát xuùc taùc)
zirconium n. metallic element: Teân
kim loaïi zirconi
(NOTE: symbol: Zr; atomic
number: 40).
ZVD = ZINC VAPOUR
DEPOSITION: Maï baèng hôi keõm