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Building a Whiskey still


by densad on March 30, 2008

Table of Contents

intro: Building a Whiskey still . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

step 1: The Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

step 2: Making your own still . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

step 3: Braga!!! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

step 4: Distilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

step 5: filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

step 6: testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

step 7: The End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

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http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
intro: Building a Whiskey still
I will be explaining how to "theoretically" make a distiller (Whiskey Still). (this Instructable is for learning purposes only as I am not sure of your local laws. i take
no resposibility for your actions!)

The still shown below was given to my grandfather as a gift, but it is a fully working still which would theoretical create distilled water, alcohol, etc (we never really tested
it). It may not be homemade, but it is perfect for explaining the basic process.

Please remember to vote if you like my Instructable.

Image Notes Image Notes


1. container for the fermented mash 1. refrigerater (pour cold water into here)
2. thermomiter 2. random funnel
3. burner 3. cup
4. Condensation tube.
5. Decerative copper backboard

step 1: The Process


First, i will explain the process of getting alcohol.
To start you need a "Fermented Mash"- "Braga" (recepies will be at the end). The braga is what originally contains the alcohol.

Once you have the braga, you will place it into into the container which is heated. The braga will boil, causeing the alcohol (which has a lower boiling point than water) to
evaporate, go up the tube, and into the "Zmeevik" (curly tube in the refrigerator, aka the condensator). In the zmeevik, the alcohol condensates (do to the lower
temperature caused by cold water in the refrigerator) and drips into the cup (or bucket if your makeing a lot).
Make sure the thermomiter never goes above 90 degrees(centigrade) (at 100 degrees (centigrade) water starts to boil; if this happens, it means there is no more alcohol
in the braga).

You can now through the alcohol-less braga away.

Congradulastions! You have made your first "Samogon" (which means self distilled or moonshine).

Image Notes Image Notes


1. refrigerater (pour cold water into here) 1. container for the fermented mash
2. random funnel 2. thermomiter

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
3. cup 3. burner
4. Condensation tube.
5. Decerative copper backboard

step 2: Making your own still


You will need:
1)a kettle (the kind you put on the stove to heat)
2)a copper tube (a few yards)
3)a bucket
4)a bottle
5)a thermometer
6)a drill
7)a drill bit with the same diameter as the thermometer

First, you need drill a hole in the lid of the kettle. Into the hole, insert the thermometer and glue in place with a thermally resistant glue, making sure that the glue forms an
air-tight seal around the hole.
Now you have to make your zmeevik. Take the copper tube, find a larger round object, like a fire extinguisher, and wind the tube around the round object. Remember to
put sand in the tube so that it doesn't bend flat. Leave a length of tube at the beginning and end of the tube (end A & end B). It should be a spiral.
Drill a hole with the same diameter as the tube near the bottom of bucket.

step 3: Braga!!!
This is probably the most important part of your samogon. Without it you cannot make your moonshine.

This part is relatively easy. The recipes!:


1*)600 gramms sugar, 20 gramms yeast, 3 litters water: mix everything together & set in a warm place for a week.
2)600 g. syrup, 20 g. yeast, 3 litters water: see (1)
3)a can of tomato paste, bottle of beer, 1 kilogramm of sugar, 3 litters of water: mix ingreidients, let sit in a warm place for 4-5 days.

To make whiskey you need a braga made from mashed up barley (the process is much the same).

I used this one

step 4: Distilling
Put the prepared kettle onto the stove (or hot plate). insert end A of the zmeevik into the kettle spout and seal it. (to seal holes, use a "dough" of water and flour, (not too
wet) and smear it over the holes, then wait for it to dry.) Pour your braga into the kettle and seal the lid onto the kettle. Put end B of the zmeevik through the hole in the
bucket, seal the hole, and fill the bucket with cold water. The bucket should be on a stool or table or something so that the zmeevik isn't strained. Put the bottle you
prepared earlier under the opening of end B, to collect the spirit that will flow from your still.

Make sure everything is air-tight.

Now you can light the stove (turn on the hot plate), so that the braga starts boiling.

Make sure that the thermometer never goes up to 100 degrees centigrade. At 100 degrees centigrade water startes boiling and instead of booze you get water vapors.

The first 100 ml of ever liter and last 300 ml of ever liter of your samogon should be thrown away (poured down the drain) because the contain harmful chemicals.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
Image Notes
1. BRAGA!
2. Alcohol
3. Refrigerator
4. Funel

Image Notes
1. BOOZE!!

step 5: filtration
When your pure-ish alcohol from your braga has been distilled the first time, you have to filter it.

Take natural wood charcoal (without lighter fluid), grind it into a powder, and place it into a bottle with you samogon. Close the lid and start shaking the bottle. when
afterwards take a clothe or bangage and filter the concotion ( this is just to keep your still clean) and pour it back into the kettle. Repeat the distilation process.

For really pure alcohol you ned to do the distilation and filtration process 3-4 times.

step 6: testing
To test the purity of your alcohol you need Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4).

Take a little of your alcohol, put it in a seperat glass, pour in a tiny bit of KMnO4. If the Alcohol turns pink/purple it is "unclean" and should be distilled & filterd again. if the
alcohol becomes slightly pink or stays clear, it is safe to drink.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
Image Notes Image Notes
1. Very good pure alcohol 1. unclean crap that should be filtered and distilled again. DRINK THIS AND GO
BLIND!!! or die

step 7: The End


Congratulations! You have learned how to make a still and how to use it.

Remember, you have to dilute the alcohol so that only 40% of your drink is alcohol (you about 100% alcohol from your still). Mendeleev, (the guy who made the periodic
table of elements) researched vodka, and discovered that 40% alcohol is the best proportion.

P.S.: to make whiskey you need to use barley braga and keep the resulting alcohol (diluted to 40% alcohol) in an oak barrel for at least 3 years. (I'm not sure, but I think
the filtration method is the same).

P.S.S.: Remember, THIS IS REAL ALCOHOL! the laws of your country, state, etc. apply.
Alcohol is not recommended for children younger than 18, pregnant women. Do not drink alcohol and operate heavy machinery. Read a vodka label for the full message.

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Comments
50 comments Add Comment

guy90 says: Feb 11, 2009. 7:01 PM REPLY


Very good instructable, well written and informative. thank you for the instructable ; )

I_am_Canadian says: Feb 7, 2009. 8:40 PM REPLY


Cool! I may try this. Great instructable!

mattyb_quick says: Jan 17, 2009. 3:25 AM REPLY


I might do 'how to buy a bottle of whisky from the shop'

ragman3 says: Nov 20, 2008. 5:49 PM REPLY


where do i get some of this chemical?

glitch45 says: Nov 1, 2008. 6:14 PM REPLY


Sorry I came on this after the fact but after reading some of these comments I have to say something!
Personally I think they should give an I.Q. test before you can get Internet service.densad did an excellent job in giving a safe a simple direct approach on
how to build a still. He is sharing his information people!! He is providing a direct approach model. If he were to cover everything it would be called a book. If
anyone was to attempt what he is saying without further study he is an idiot. So in short, thank you dansad for sharing. Also you were very safety minded
when you stated your parameters. A very good Instructable!!

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
osgeld says: May 7, 2008. 4:22 PM REPLY
altho the making of the "mash" was informative why did you title this "build a still" spent less than a paragraph on it?

densad says: May 9, 2008. 2:28 AM REPLY


'cause making a still is easy

osgeld says: May 10, 2008. 1:59 PM


(removed by author or community request)

unconcerned says: Oct 21, 2008. 7:44 PM REPLY


Stills are easy to make but I understand your confusion. There are 3 important parts to making a standard pot still (like the one in this DIY). First
you need a boiling pot, needs to be over 5 gallons otherwise you'll lose too much when you throw away your first and last 100ml (also called
heads and tails). Moving on your boiling pot needs to be connected to a condenser, you can either build your own (look it up, it would take too
much space to describe) or buy one (they are not cheap). At the end you need a collection pot/jar, this whole assembly will work better if its close
to air tight. That is a basic pot still that will produce a distillate of about 60% alcohol. For higher percentages you need a reflux still which is mildly
more complicated. And if you live in the U.S. for the love of god don't make one, no matter how young or poor you are its not worth the serious
prison time. And if you are under 21 don't be stupid, working a still is a very time consuming (takes over a week to produce even the foulest sugar
vodka) thing and your parents will catch on. If your over 21 spend the extra $5 a bottle and buy your vodka legally.

Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:34 PM REPLY


I want to build a car like that!

littlechef37 says: May 12, 2008. 2:48 PM REPLY


Did you actually make the still or did you buy it ?If you bought it where cuz I want one. Personally I use alcohol as a fuel in my pop can stoves when I am
hiking. But until now I had to buy ethanol because I had no way to distill it.

Dr. Rex says: Aug 27, 2008. 6:29 AM REPLY


For combustion purposes, like in a Trangia or other alcohol fueled stove, It would be a waste of time and money to destill alcohol for that.
In most countries you can buy denaturated alcohol almost everywhere, this is mainly used for cleaning and sterilisation, costs about 3.50$ / 2£ for 1 litre /
2 pints / a quarter gallon in most grocerie stores.
In Scandinavia, that is.
This works perfectly in alcohol based stoves.

But i do understand why you want one, it would be delightful to make ones own spirits/moonshine.

unconcerned says: Oct 21, 2008. 7:27 PM REPLY


You are absolutely correct you can by denatured alcohol at your local grocery store. But, in the U.S., you can only buy (depending on your state) up
to 95% alcohol. To use it as a fuel additive in motor vehicles it needs to be over 98% or you get too much water contamination in your gas. Also you
can get a license from the TTB so you can legally produce fuel alcohol in the U.S. http://www.ttb.gov/industrial/index.shtml

This can save you a ton of money at the gas tank!

densad says: May 21, 2008. 1:52 AM REPLY


It was a gift for my grandfather. It's made in france (i think)by Destil&co

iamdenteddisk says: Sep 25, 2008. 5:58 AM REPLY


Moonshine makeing is a family tradition for me, I remember my dad,uncles and grand father"pappy" makeing/delivering.
My folks never where pursued by thew law I'm guessing because of southern hospitality/backscratching, but I was about 4yrs old the first time I ever
participated and learned alot about it early. The poisoning was atributed to lead because of acid lead leaches out of soft copper which is most commonly
found today hard copper had to be hammered and rolled repeatedly heated. todays copper is just not the same stuff. If you build a still use hard copper, you
will know it because "it will break before it reaches a 90deg bend" and corners have to be heat fused or rolled. That is why you see them round stills with
rolled seams or hammer rivots not poprivots. The worm"curly tube" is made from hard copper tubeing by sawing down a sappling about 6-8 inches in
diameter and leaveing it's stump about 4-5 feet tall from the ground. It takes 3 men 1 on each end of the tube and 1 at the stump with a torch the tube is
slowly heated and wraped around the tree like a spring, leaveing 3 feet to work with on each end. The thump is just an "cooled air lock" to releave
pressure/seperate the good from bad. simple theory is hot boiler,worm,cold thump,-thump is up hill from boiler.
The simple recipe is 8gallons fresh or distilled water no chlorine water, 12 pnds crack corn,4 pnds white suger, 8oz malt or "4oz maltose extract".give it 21
days to ferment in stainles or glass container once you get a blue bubble strain,drain,squeeze pour it in the boiler low heat "coals only".
Test for "acid", first cup out toss it, second test it with the tip of your finger if it stings toss it, 3rd the same if it dont sting, try tip of your tongue if it dont sting
your makeing whisky. Keep runnin till your boiler temp is 100deg or you see the revenuers comeing, run a hundred yards and shoot the botom of your thump
go on home boy's. that will burn for days...
Have fun with pappy's corn squeezins.

Try not to shoot your brother, beat your wife or drive and you will be ok tommarow I promise.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
edugeek says: Sep 5, 2008. 8:55 AM REPLY
Question: Since Aluminum & now they have found COPPER are suspects in Alzheimers has anyone tested to see how much copper residue one would be
drinking from distilled products? Wouldn't it be better to build a still out of stainless?

densad says: Sep 18, 2008. 10:54 AM REPLY


sure, but stainless is more expensive and harder to properly shape

Romi Sharpe says: Sep 17, 2008. 5:06 PM REPLY


I drink water from my tap which is brought to me through copper tubing. Should I be concerned?

martynbiker says: Sep 5, 2008. 10:59 PM REPLY


to all the people who keep going on about COPPER in stills, please remember that Whisky has been distilled in Scotland for many hundreds of years using
stills made of copper.
the only health warnings prob's come when you over indulge in Alcohol. The finished product doesn't contain any copper that would be harmfull to health.

deth2all says: May 8, 2008. 9:15 PM REPLY


chances are about going blind are slim to none these days, its really an urban legend coming from prohibition days when people would use methanol and
isopropyl alcohol and god knows what else.

Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:38 PM REPLY


The problem with moonshine was the fact that the condensers were usually used car radiators that used anti freeze containing methanol. Even today,
anti freeze is generally poisonous, but not due to methanol.

DeLorean4905 says: May 9, 2008. 7:28 AM REPLY


I second that. There is NOTHING in ethanol that can make you go blind. That is caused by methanol, which does not occur in a saccharomyces-
fermented (yeast) brew.

And the distilled product is never 100% alcohol. Since the boiling temp of ethanol and water are so close, you're still picking up a lot of water in the
vapors. The best you can get in one distilling is gonna be about 95% and that's pushing it.

jasontimmer says: Sep 6, 2008. 12:14 AM REPLY


BUT- ethanol is still poisonous. And fun.

densad says: May 10, 2008. 6:58 AM REPLY


I know the going blind thing was meant more as a joke than anything else

Gilo says: Jan 15, 2009. 5:18 PM REPLY


I just had a shot of vodka.

"Ican't see! I can't see! I can't see!"

Why? I close m eyes when I gulp it down in one swing. :)

Good instructable!

Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:36 PM REPLY


Except if you use wine instead. Then, there's methanol.

wasty says: May 8, 2008. 8:01 PM REPLY


i hope i can make fuel grade ethanol and stick it to those _
_

oil companies

DeLorean4905 says: May 9, 2008. 7:28 AM REPLY


it's not fuel-grade unless it's as close to 100% pure as possible. Everclear is 190 proof (95%), and it won't run an engine very well. You have to "dry" the
water out by filtration.
The easiest way is to get a molecular sieve, usually a certain type of zeolite. The pores in the matiral are big enough for H2O to slide through, but
C2H6O (ethanol) can't fit inside the mineral or pass through it.

It still takes many passes (10 - 20) to get a purity of 199 - 200 proof, which is needed for fuel-grade ethanol.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
ogorir says: May 11, 2008. 2:35 AM REPLY
not exactly. you can run a 2 stroke on vodka, that I know from experience.

also, the maximum purity of ethanol in standard atmosphere (1ATM, 20C) is 96% and change. if you do remove more water than that, the alcohol will
absorb water from the air until it equalizes around 96%.

and additionally, 'fuel grade' ethanol is currently 70-85% ethanol with the remaining percent made up of various additives (mainly other
hyrdocarbons).

Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:33 PM REPLY


You know, 60% of vodka is water. You better check if your engine isn't rusted.

DeLorean4905 says: May 13, 2008. 3:37 PM REPLY


the 70-85% you're referring to is the E85 blend, which is not "fuel grade ethanol", it is an ethanol-based fuel.
"Fuel grade ethanol" IS 199-200 proof, but is not used solely in a gasoline engine. Like you said, it is diluted with hydrocarbons, but not water like
in vodka.

Fuel for a common gasoline engine needs to have less than 5% water in it to run well. Water sinks in alcohol, and if the fuel falls out of emulsion,
the fuel pump may draw in mostly water for a short period, causing the engine to stutter.
When you put vodka in your engine, did you make sure that there was absolutely no gasoline left in there? and is the engine designed to run on
an alcohol-based engine?
Straight ethanol already provides very little power in a gasoline engine, partly due to it's slower burn rate.
There are several problems with vodka neat as a fuel:
water makes up 60% of it - a lot of the heat energy from the ethanol's combustion is absorbed to evaporate the water.
water has a much high surface tension than ethanol - it does not atomize as well, thus hindering the fuel from atomizing properly inside the
chamber, and reducing the turbulence needed to provide a good fuel/air mixture inside the combustion chamber.

Also, you can very easily keep ethanol pure- just keep the cap on the container. The heightened pressure inside the container once the liquid/gas
mixture has reached the ideal state is a fraction of what a coke bottle contains before you even shake it up.

ogorir says: May 14, 2008. 9:16 AM REPLY


you're correct, vodka doesn't burn well in gas engine, but it will work in a pinch in some engines.

but, regarding fuel grade ethanol, the maximum concentration of pure ethanol in an open atmosphere is, as i said, like 96%. you need
additives to prevent it from absorbing moisture from the air at higher concentrations (like benzene*)

*the benzene is actually left over from the industrial distillation process, but it also keeps the almost 100% alcohol from reabsorbing water.

Konnrade says: Jun 6, 2008. 5:41 AM REPLY


Erm, to quote a tip from most laboratory safety standards...

Never use an open flame when distilling something flammable... ever!

Alcohol vapors are flammable. A non-electric stove uses an open flame. A still on a stovetop of that kind puts those vapors close to that flame.

There's a reason that moonshine stills have a reputation for blowing up. Open flame heating is that reason.

Use electric heat ONLY, and in moderation, please!

Not only can a still shatter from such an ignition, but the shattering can spread the condensate, which can quickly cause a raging fire if it's strong enough. (IE
burn some or all of a home to the ground).

It's not as much an issue with your little setup there I'm sure, but if anyone gets too impatient or tries to scale this up, it CAN cause them to lose everything,
or even take a life in the worst case.

Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:31 PM REPLY


Still, chemists used open flames in laboratory for years without many problems because they were cautious. Moonshine stills have a bad reputation
mostly because of their poor build quality in prohibition times. Condensers were usually car radiators that had been used with methanol based anti
freeze.

Orchestrapit says: Jun 20, 2008. 10:01 PM REPLY


good advice, and anyone who has played GTA: Vice City will know what you're getting at.

densad says: Jun 8, 2008. 5:18 AM REPLY


Very good advice, but the whole thing should be air-tight for this thing to work, so it won't dangerous if its done right.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
Esmagamus says: Aug 5, 2008. 2:24 PM REPLY
You've got a beautiful copper work there. Not only it looks expensive, it also is expensive. Probably as much as my 30 L still. Great work, keep on it!

sk187 says: Aug 2, 2008. 1:04 PM REPLY


HA! all wrong! well not really, first off, the highest yield possible by distillation alone is 96%. After 96%, the water binds with the alcohol and the vapor
contains water with alcohol. You can break this bond with chemicals, (Benzene is commonly used and is the most effective, but is highly poisonous.) The
point of 96% alcohol is called the azeotrope point. However, an alternative to obtaining 100% without an agent to break the attraction between water and
ethanol molecules is to change the pressure. The blindness with ethanol as mentioned above is also true. You will not go blind by distilling your own alcohol
unless you do not remove the methanol first. If one has just fermented the mash, there will a trace amounts of methanol in it. To compensate, depending on
what kind of still you are using, you need to throw out x amount of distillate.
One more thing, E85 is 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. Most cars made after 2000? (some time near that) is capable of 80 or 90% ethanol.
More later, any other questions?
<--- Although I am a high school senior, i did much research on the subject for a science fair project that never really left paper do to a lack of time.

Cat on my Lap says: Jun 15, 2008. 4:49 PM REPLY


KMnO4 turns pink in solution no matter what, not if it's "unclean crap." It certainly won't be good for you to drink more than a 0.5% solution of KMnO4 no
matter else is in it. Use a hydrometer to determine the alcohol content to check if you want to distill again.

densad says: Jun 21, 2008. 4:32 AM REPLY


exactly, you don't drink the KmnO4 solution and you determine the purity by the shade of pink or the lack of pinkness. look at the pics in step 6 the first
one is proven clean (my godfather made it and had it tested in the same lab that checks the Russian president's food for quality) and the second pic is
the crap I made (I didn't have time to filter it). You don't have to believe me but it's all true

Orchestrapit says: Jun 20, 2008. 10:00 PM REPLY


the cap full of alcohol with KMnO4 is just a pulled sample for testing, i'm quite certain that the creator of this instructable had no intention to trink the test
sample.

Cat on my Lap says: Jun 21, 2008. 10:12 AM REPLY


That wasn't an actual caveat, haha. I'm calling shenanigans on how you can tell the purity based on the color.

Wired_24_7 says: Jun 20, 2008. 8:10 PM REPLY


Drink this and go blind or die........ I lol'd!!!!!!!

nice instructable

beavercleaver says: Jun 19, 2008. 11:52 AM REPLY


Water does not sink to the bottom in alcohol, it is absorbed into the alcohol, that is why fuel system driers are based on isopropyl alcohol, the water wont mix
with the gasoline, but will mix with alcohol, and the alcohol will mix with the gasoline, the resulting mixture will be drawn out and into the engine.

NDN says: May 15, 2008. 4:21 PM REPLY


Blind or not, very cool, post any results you may have.

freakin_biggs says: May 10, 2008. 2:01 PM REPLY


this is very informative, straight to the point and easy to understand. This is one of the first instructables I've seen that mentions that the alcohol should be
tested and how to do it.

alexhalford says: May 8, 2008. 10:46 AM REPLY


That is really impressive, it looks amazing.

osgeld says: May 8, 2008. 11:08 PM REPLY


it should it is a production model

thematthatter says: Apr 24, 2008. 2:37 AM REPLY


you cant get 100% alcohol from a still, in order for the alcohol to travel across the condenser it needs water vapor, the highest you can get is 95%

you have to dry your alcohol out with some drying agents, and then filter out the agents. but you waste alcohol with the drying and filtering so its not worth it
for that extra 5% unless you had a specific reason to use pure alcohol.

thats a sweet still !

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/
densad says: Apr 24, 2008. 11:59 AM REPLY
I said "about" didn't I? it's just easier and safer to assume that its 100%

http://www.instructables.com/id/Building-a-Whiskey-still/

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