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Biology 310 Cell Biology Spring 2001

First Midterm Examination

Name [print] Student number

Name[Signature]

Write in INK. Examinations written in pencil or erasable ink will not be read. If your handwriting is
poor, PRINT your answers. Illegible papers will not be read. DO NOT USE DIAGRAMS FOR ANY
ANSWER. Read each question carefully and THINK before you write. Make your answers brief,
concise, and accurate. The value of each question is shown in parentheses.

1. Calreticulin is a chaperone found in the endoplasmic reticulum. It is found c1

the translocon of the rou h e " R]

a] . . . s most probable function? [3] [One sentence]

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b] When the RER is fractionated in an aqueous solvent, Calreticulin is found to be

- in the imoluble fract!9!1. When the ER is chemically ,fractionated , Calreticulin is found
in the cold acid insoluble fraction and the hot acid i.'lSoluble fractiorr.1fihe RER is f,

extra.cted with ~ ~eterge~t, ~alreticulin becomes soluble. ,x """J'

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What IS the phySIcal assocmt c WIt t e .

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2. How has protein cross-linking been used to study the function of the mitochondrial translocon? [5]

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. are viruses not considered cells? [3] [One/two sentences]

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5. What is the advantage of the scanning probe microscope over the electron microscope since the
resolving power ofeach is almost the SaLile? [3] [One sentence] I" fJ /J.jj)jj

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~ Bacteria are known to change the kinds of fatty acids they produce as the temperatuie of their
external environment changes. What types ofchanges in the fatty acids would you expect as the

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7. The Fluid Mosaic Modelofcellular membranes is the current model used by cell biologists.
~~~~""mbranes? J.Oneworg) [2]

b] What chemical characteristics of this mol . e for fluidity? [One sentence]

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 the destinations of proteins following the post-translational pathway? [4]

10. What prevents resident molecules ofthe endoplasmic reticulwn [chaperones, processing enzyme's,
etc.] from being carried away and lost from the ER to the Golgi during vesicular transport from the
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12. A student wanted to study the behavior of aquaporins by expressing the genes for aquaporins in
..,----:::::==---.n1tures oftwnor cells and eggs from frogs living in a pond. The gene is expressed in both cell t.,...._..........
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[a] Which cell type [twnor cells or eggs] will be the best material to studyaquaporins? 2]
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13.A bright student was given the task of identifYing a rather dangerous infectious agent found in
the cells of the red-bellied, ring-tailed wombat. He fractionated the cells both chemically and
structurally and found the following results:
The agent was not destroyed . r r s . [enzymes that break down RNA and DNA] no tll.\C
The agent was insoluble in bo . Q cold acid and was insol ble in or 'c solvent. 0 r~~ (h
The agent was soluble in phe.nol, but lost its infectious ability. O1,I\,1C,;lfl,"'V' .

In the aqueous fractionation it was found in two fractions soluble and non-soluble. The
infectious fonn was the insoluble form; the soluble fonn was mtact and non-infectious.
The infectious fonn could be made non-infectious by extracting cells with a detergent. .[ fr /) q

a] What was the molecular nature ofthe infectious agent? [i.e. sugar, amino acid, lipid
d-- sphingolipid, polysaccharide, nucleic acid, protein, cholesterol, phospholipid, etc.~2]

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14.a] Which of the ATP-powered pumps on!}' ~raJ!Sport ions? [1]

) b] Which ofthe ATP-powered pumps can transPort~~b::nc;-~ge;-tluin~ ...

I c] Which of the ATP-powered pumps is responsible for drug resistance in some tumorS~1]
15. Green fluorescent protein has become one ofthe major tools used in the.~ analysis of cells.
f a] Can one use green fluorescent protein for con-focal microscopy ~ [1]

o b] Can one use green fluorescent protein in the electron microscope? --@ [1]

16. Define: [One sentence or phraseL . Ai J

a] eDNA [2] tl~ I~ Ilk ~ ~
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b] peR [polymerase ~
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 17. There are at least six ways that substances [ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc.]
can ross cell membranes. LIST them. [One p~ ~:e or word fur each] [6]

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19. A student extracted some cells with a detergent and centrifuged the material. He found in the
pellet [the insoluble portion] some material containing lipids, cholesterol and proteins in an organized

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[2]

b] What type of lipids would you expect to find in these structures~/"d5) [2]

c] Would these lipids form bi-layers if they were put into an aqueous envirOnme~[;Zl--------

20. Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase.

b. ~ a] A technique used to detect SP.ecific DNA sequences by ~vity
1 and transfer of DNA fragments to nitrocellulose filt . tot [1]

b] An integral membrane protein on a vesicle which will recognize a compara~

'"target" membrane for ultimate fusion ofthe vesicle with the membrane .~ [1]

c J AjWlCtion fuund in plant cells that can move Very large molecules ~~[I]

@An organelle of eukaryotic cells that is involved in co-translational protein transl~

glycosylation oftransported proteins, lipid and steroid synthesis, Calcium storag~~ ER. [1]
e] A membrane p~otein associated with ~..~TlXOvalent bonds which can be
removed by mild aqueous treatments~~ [1]