Silane Coupling Agents

Struktol Silane Coupling Agents are used in rubber compounding. They provide coupling of non-black pigments
to the polymer backbone allowing for: Improved abrasion resistance, Higher compound modulus, Lower hystersis,
Improved compression set, Improved rolling resistance in tire tread compounds.

Product
Product name: Chemical composition: Features: Typical data:
form:

STRUKTOL® SCA 98 Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl)
tetrasulfide
• Improves reinforcing Sulfur content: 21-23% Yellow liquid
capabilities of fillers with
silanol groups Specific gravity: 1.089
• Improves abrasion
resistance
• Provides higher compound
modulus
• Improves rolling resistance
in tread compounds

STRUKTOL® SCA 98CB Same as SCA 98 • Same as SCA 98 Sulfur content: 10-12% Black powder

Specific gravity: 1.34

STRUKTOL® SCA 98PL Same as SCA 98 • Same as SCA 98 Sulfur content: 10-12% Pale yellow
pastille
Specific gravity: 1.00

STRUKTOL® SCA 98WT Same as SCA 98 • Same as SCA 98 Sulfur content: 7.5-16% Off white
powder
Specific gravity: 1.43

STRUKTOL® SCA 984 3-Thiocyanatopropyltriethoxy • Improves compound Sulfur content: 12% Amber
silane modulus colored
• Improves compression set liquid
• Improves abrasion Specific gravity: 1.03
resistance

STRUKTOL® SCA 985 Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl)
disulfide
• Improves reinforcing Sulfur content: 12-14% Yellow liquid
capabilities of fillers with
silanol groups Specific gravity: 1.04
• Improves abrasion
resistance
• Provides higher compound
modulus
• Improves rolling resistance
in tread compounds

Silane Coupling Agents 60a

 Silane Coupling Agents
Product
Product name: Chemical composition: Features: Typical data:
form:

STRUKTOL® SCA 985PL Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) • Same as SCA 985 Sulfur content: 6-7% Pale orange
disulfide pastille
Specific gravity: 1.00

STRUKTOL® SCA 989 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxy • Improves tensile strength MPTES content ≥95% Clear liquid
silane • Improves tear strength
• Improves abrasion Specific gravity: 0.98
resistance

STRUKTOL® SCA 989 WT 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxy • Same as SCA 989 SCA 989 content: 70% Light gray
silane powder
Specific gravity: 1.20

STRUKTOL® SCA 960 γ-Glycidyloxypropyl
trimethoxy silane
• Mainly used in glass SCA 960 content: >95.0% Clear liquid
reinforced epoxy resin,
ABS, nylon and PBT
• Improves tensile strength Density: 1.070+0.050
• Improves tear strength
• Improves relative
extensibility

STRUKTOL® SCA 972 Vinyl tri(2-methoxyethoxy)
silane
• Improves the reinforcing SCA 972 content: >98.0% Clear liquid
capability of fillers with
silanol groups in peroxide Density: 1.040+0.020
cured compounds
• Improves tensile strength
• Improves tear strength
• Improves abrasion
resistance

STRUKTOL® SCA 974 γ-Methacryloxypropyl • Improves coupling of fillers SCA 974 content: >97.0% Clear liquid
trimethoxy silane with silanol groups, and
fiberglass in the resin/ Density: 1.040+0.020
polymer matrix

STRUKTOL® SCA 974WT Same as SCA 974 • Same as SCA 974 SCA 974 content: 70.0+2.0 Clear liquid

Density: 1.598+0.020

STRUKTOL® SCA 1100 Aminopropyl triethoxy silane • Improves the reinforcing Min. purity: 98.0% Colorless
properties of fillers liquid
containing hydroxyl groups Specific gravity: 0.941+0.01

(07/07/04)AAC/rca

60b Silane Coupling Agents

 STRUKTOL® SCA 98 & SCA 985
An Overview

STRUKTOL® SCA 98 and SCA 985 are silane coupling agents for use in rubber compounding.
When used in rubber compounding, they provide coupling of non-black pigments to the polymer
backbone allowing for:
Improved abrasion resistance
Higher compound modulus
Lower hysteresis
Improved compression set
Improved rolling resistance in tire tread compounds

The theory for their effectiveness is that the silane portion of the molecule couples with OH
groups on the silica and silicate surfaces in non-black pigments. The sulfur portion of the mole-
cule is available for curing activity and can enter into the vulcanization mechanism. The SCA 98
is a tetra-sulfide silane while the SCA 985 is a di-sulfide silane. When the SCA 985 is used as a
1:1 replacement for the SCA 98, a reduction in the cured modulus and maximum tensile may be
noticed. This can usually be regained by increasing the sulfur level in the final mix pass.

THE REINFORCEMENT OF NON-BLACK FILLERS IS

ENHANCED BY STRUKTOL®SCA 98 & SCA 985

Suggested Dosage phr

Levels per 100 phr filler
Silica, ppt 3 – 13
Clay 0.3 – 1.0
Calcium Stearate 6–7
Magnesium Silicate (talc) 1–4
Fumed Silica 3 - 15

Silane Coupling Agents 60c

 MIXING AND DUMP TEMPERATURE

Part or all of the non-black filler should be dispersed with the STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985
in the first mixing stage. The remaining ingredients should be added after the silane coupling
agent and the filler have been incorporated. Curatives should be added in the last mixing stage.

SUGGESTED TYPICAL MIX SCHEDULE

0' Rubber
½' ½ to all non-black pigment STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985
2½' Black, if present, oil, stearic acid, zinc oxide
3½' AO2 , AO3
4½' Clean
5' Dump

Because of the sulfur present in the STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985, it is necessary to control
the maximum mixing temperature.

The following are recommended dump temperatures:

Natural Rubber 150°C

SBR 150-160°C
NBR 140°C

60d Silane Coupling Agents

 POLYMERS AND STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985 EFFECTIVENESS

ACM NDA
IIR GOOD
CM GOOD
XNBR GOOD
EPDM EXCELLENT
ECO EXCELLENT
FKM NDA
HIIR HALOBUTYL GOOD
CSM EXCELLENT
NATURAL RUBBER EXCELLENT
CR EXCELLENT
NBR EXCELLENT
BR EXCELLENT
IR EXCELLENT
SBR EXCELLENT
URETHANTE GOOD
VAMAC GOOD

Excellent - STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985 favorably influences properties, producing

significant improvements in physical properties and state of cure.

Good - STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985 has an effect on physical properties producing enhanced
modulus and improved abrasion.

NDA - No data available in actual experience with STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985.

Silane Coupling Agents 60e

 AREAS OF RUBBER INDUSTRY WHERE
STRUKTOL® SCA 98/SCA 985 WOULD BE BENEFICIAL

Footwear - abrasion resistance

- cutting and chunking resistance
- flex life improvement

Rolls - abrasion resistance

- aging resistance
- processing
- set reduction (better load bearing)
- reduced water swell
- lower hysteresis

Mechanical Molded - increased modulus

Goods
- better heat aging
- compression set reduction
- dynamic property improvement
- reduced swell to polar liquids
- filler substitution (non-black for black)

Hose - improved abrasion on cover

- better heat aging
- increased modulus
- lower compression set
- improved adhesion to reinforcing elements

Solid Tires - improved abrasion

- lower hysteresis
- higher modulus
- improved processing

60f Silane Coupling Agents

 Tires - treads for abrasion, hot tear, improved rolling resistance,
- lower hystersis
- carcass for adhesion and/or filler substitution
- breaker (belt) stocks for adhesion

Belts - Flat Belts - increased abrasion

- improved reversion resistance
- reduced cost with clay substitution for black
- improved cord adhesion
- increased flex life and modulus

Belts - V Belts - increased modulus

- improved abrasion
- longer flex life
- improved adhesion to reinforcing elements

Silane Coupling Agents 60g

 Struktol Silane Coupling Agents

Struktol silane coupling agents are for use in rubber compounds, particularly mineral-filled, and
allow for:

• Lower compound viscosity

• Higher compound modulus
• Improved abrasion resistance
• Lower hysteresis
• Improved compression set
• Improved rolling resistance in tire tread compounds
• Improved dispersibility
• Faster incorporation

Contact Struktol Company of America now for our Silane Coupling Agents brochure with CD.

Phone: 800-327-8649 or 330-928-5188

E-mail: customerservice@struktol.com

60h Silane Coupling Agents