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UPDATED FEBRUARY 2011
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Comprehensive Jatropha Report.
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Preface to the Report
Jatropha is a second generation biodiesel feedstock. It is a feedstock with high potential

because it overcomes challenges that the first generation biodiesel feedstocks faced – problems
in scalability, food vs. fuel dilemma, and inability to grow in marginal lands.
Jatropha, by virtue of its ability to grow in marginal lands and its relatively low requirements of
water, fertilizers and maintenance, is touted as the biodiesel feedstock of the future. Experts
feel that jatropha has the potential to be the single largest contributor to the world’s biodiesel
production by 2015.
The Comprehensive Jatropha Report provides practical data, updates and insights about the
jatropha biofuel industry. The report has made special efforts in identifying the core challenges
faced each aspect of the jatropha biofuel production and provides inputs on the current efforts
and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
The Comprehensive Jatropha Report provides insights and real-life details on the following
critical aspects of the jatropha industry:
Cultivation
Yields
Real World Status of Jatropha Products
Costs of Production for the Various Energy Products from Jatropha
Top Companies in the Jatropha Industry
Business Strategies for Success
Fuel and Non-fuel End Products from Jatropha and the Process Routes for Each of
these Products
The report has been developed with over twenty months of in-depth research, and has been
developed with inputs from biofuel industry experts, biotechnology researchers, and
professionals.
www.biozio.com - The World of Bio

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Who will benefit from this report?
1. Entrepreneurs wishing to understand the jatropha industry, and the current and future business
opportunities in this market.
2. Companies in the biofuels and alternative industries exploring the jatropha energy domain.
3. Companies and entrepreneurs wishing to understand the current status and future potential for
jatropha in bio-plastics and other bio-chemicals.
4. Investment banks and financial investment companies keen on funding ventures in the biofuels
industry.
Highlights of the report
Facilitating Decisions – Special emphasis on inputs that facilitate business and research decisions
for the jatropha industry
Authoritative - Prepared by BioZio (www.biozio.com), the leading global resource for bio-based
products.
Well-researched - Highly researched data and information, with an emphasis on data that
facilitate decision-making. Includes real life case studies, and provides balanced opinions to help
the reader distinguish hype from reality.

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Chapter 1 Introduction
Jatropha is a second generation biodiesel feedstock. It overcomes key challenges

that the first generation biodiesel feedstocks faced – food vs. fuel dilemma,
problems in scalability, and inability to grow in marginal lands. However, there are a
number of exaggerations about jatropha. This chapter provides inputs on the real
characteristics of jatropha, and the reasons why the plant has the potential to be an
excellent biodiesel.
Key Sections
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Economic Importance of Different Plant-Parts of Jatropha
1.3 Jatropha in the Limelight
1.4 Highlights of the Jatropha Plant
1.5 Challenges in Jatropha
Sample Topic: Highlights of the Jatropha Plant
The highlights and advantages of the plant make it a useful plant with a number of
potential applications in future:
Unlike soybeans, canola and many other agricultural sources of biodiesel,

Jatropha curcas can be cultivated on marginal, non-agricultural land. This
implies that growing Jatropha will not result in forgoing food crop cultivation.
It starts producing seeds within 12 months – but the effective yield is
obtained only after 2 - 3 years time.
Plant remains useful for 35-50 years.
Seeds can produce around 35% oil content. On a per acre basis, Jatropha’s
yield is second highest, next to that of palm oil.
It is quite simple to produce biodiesel from the Jatropha.
The waste (de-oiled Jatropha seed extract) can be used to produce organic
fertilizer because it contains high content of protein, nitrogen compounds
and some anti-pesticide compounds. After 4 or 5 years of treatment with this
“cake” the soil of this originally non-agricultural land will be suitable for
planting food crops or trees for reforestation.

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Chapter 2 Jatropha Cultivation
Cultivation practices are the key determinants for achieving favorable yields from
jatropha. There is a misconception that the jatropha plant requires little water and
that it requires almost no inputs in terms of fertilizers and pesticides. The fact is that
the jatropha plant does require all these inputs in reasonable amounts; however, it
requires these inputs and maintenance in amounts significantly lower than for many
other energy crops. When optimal planting methods are followed, the yields have
been better than the average. This chapter provides inputs on the recommended
methods of cultivation and on related topics such as optimal conditions and inputs
required.
Key Sections
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Jatropha Soil, Water & Climatic Requirements
2.2.1 Climate
2.2.2 Soil
2.2.3 Water & Irrigation
2.2.4 Rainfall
2.3 Jatropha Crop Cultivation
2.3.1 Propagation from seeds
2.3.2 Vegetative Propagation
2.3.3 Propagation by Tissue Culture
2.4 Planting
2.5 Crop Management
2.5.1 Pruning
2.5.2 Weeding
2.5.3 Fertilizers
2.5.4 Pesticides
2.5.5 Inter-cropping
2.6 Jatropha Harvesting & Post Harvest Handling
2.7 Jatropha Yield
2.8 Jatropha Cultivation Q & A

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Sample Topic: Jatropha Cultivation
Cultivation Methods
Propogatioin from seeds Tissue culture Vegetative Propagation

Propogation
Seed Pretreatment
Vegetative Cuttings- Vegetative Cuttings- Vegetative Cuttings
Nursery Raised in Planted Diretly in the – Nursery Raised in
Seedbed Field Polybags
Seed – Nursery Raised Seed – Nursery Seed Sown Directly in

in Seedbed Raised in Polybags the Field
Transferring to Planting
Nursery 3-4 months old seedling
in main field Recommended Method
Planting Commonly Practiced

60 days old seedling Methods
in field
The recommended methods of cultivation with brief description of each and every
step from seed selection to harvest are given. Planting the seedlings with proper
space is another important factor in jatropha cultivation. Satisfactory spacing widths
are provided in this chapter which also makes intercropping possible.
Based on the various estimates made by experts and data, the following are the
consolidated yield data for Jatropha seeds
Range of Reported Yields per Most likely average yield per

Year
hectare (T) hectare (T)
1 0.250-1.25 0.50
2 1-2.5 1.5
3 2.5-5.0 3.0
4 5 – 6.25 5.0
5 6.25 – 7.5 6.5
Yields based on soil quality and some real life yields are provided in this chapter as well.

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Chapter 3 Jatropha Seeds
Oil is derived from the seeds of the jatropha plant. The jatropha seed contains 30 to
40 percent oil. To produce oil, the seed moisture content has to be maintained, and
storage of seeds is important for continuous press operation because the availability
of the jatropha seeds is seasonal. This chapter provides insights on jatropha seeds
and the optimal seed storage practices.
Key Sections
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Jatropha Seed Toxicity
3.2.1 Effects of Seed Toxicity
3.3 Jatropha Seed - Genetic improvement
Present Status
The Importance of Yield
Producing Improved Varieties of Jatropha curcas
Breeding Goals:
3.4 Jatropha Seeds Prices & Trends
3.5 Jatropha Seeds Packaging & Storing
3.6 Jatropha Seeds – Other Factoids
Sample Topic: Jatropha Seed Prices & Trends
Average Seed Prices of Jatropha
Year Average Seed Price ($/Kg)
2005 0.1
2006 0.12
Jan 2007 0.12
July 2007 0.14
Jan 2008 0.2
Jul 2008 0.22
Oct 2009 0.28
Apr 2010 0.26
Jan 2011 0.34
Quotation of prices from various countries, likely prices of Jatropha seed in future
and real-life prices of seeds are also provided in this chapter.

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Chapter 4 Jatropha Oil Production
Method of producing jatropha oil is simple, and machineries involved in the oil
production are readily available. This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the
step-by-step processes in jatropha oil production, and machineries involved in each
process.
The overall Jatropha oil manufacturing process is:
Sowing  Cultivation  Harvest  Seed Dehulling & Cleaning  Oil Extraction 

Oil Filtration & Purification  Oil Refining
The above processes are explained in detail with the corresponding machineries for
each process.
Key Sections
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Manufacturing Processes for Jatropha Oil
4.2.1 Jatropha Oil Extraction
4.2.2 Jatropha Oil Production – Overall Concept
4.3 Jatropha Oil Manufacturing Processes – Summary
4.3.1 Jatropha Oil Extraction - Summary
4.3.2 Jatropha Oil Filtration & Purification - Summary
4.3.3 Jatropha Oil Refining - Summary
4.4 Jatropha Oil Manufacturing Processes - Details
4.4.1 Jatropha Oil Extraction - Details
4.4.1.1 Pre-extraction
4.4.1.2 Oil Extraction
4.4.2 Jatropha Oil Filtration – Details
4.4.2.1 Filtration
4.4.2.2 Clarification
4.4.2.3 Sedimentation
4.4.2.4 Centrifugation
4.4.3 Jatropha Oil Refining – Details
4.4.3.1 Degumming
4.4.3.2 Neutralization
4.4.3.3 De-waxing
4.4.3.4 Bleaching & Deodourizing
4.4.3.5 Typical Sections & Sub-sections of Jatropha Oil Refinery
Plants
4.5 Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Biodiesel

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Sample Topics
Jatropha Oil Refining
Process Flow for a Typical Oil Refining Plant
CRUDE OILS AND FATS
Storage
crude oils
tank Other services
Neutralisation section Soap stock
BLEACHING
Sterin separation section Sterin
DEODORISER Stering Storage

tank
Deoderiser Steam Distillation
Refined Oil Distilled Fatty Acid
Pretreatment
Refined Oil Final Packing
Byproduct
processing
Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Biodiesel
Biodiesel is the product of changing the triglyceride chemical structure of vegetable

oil or animal fat to be a methyl ester. The chemical process is called the
“Transesterification Process”

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The process mechanism is the reaction between crude Jatropha oil and methanol
with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The end product of the
transesterification process is Methyl ester or biodiesel. Also, glycerin is produced as
a byproduct of this process.
Biodiesel Production Process

COH
H H
Catalyst
H C OOR H C OH + ROOCH3
H C OOR1 H C OH + R1 OOCH3
+ 3CH3OH
H C OOR11 H C OH + R11OOCH3
H H
Jatropha + Methyl Alcohol Glycerol + Biodiesel

Oil
Typical processes and equipments involved in the production of biodiesel are
1 – Degumming 5 - Deodorizer Thermic fluid

Catchall heater
2 - Neutralizer Storage tank Chilling plant
Soap/gums tank Cooler Vacuum nutch
Water/oil/gravity separator Polish filter Air compressor
Lye/brine/hot water tank Pump Cooling tower
Neutralized oil tank Vacuum system Elevators
Oil pump Conveyors
Soap stock pump Others Gears
Hot water pump Electrical/cables Pressing worm
Pipe, valves, fittings and gears
3. Dewaxing Instruments/gauges Worm wheel
Insulation Plunger pumps
4 - Bleacher Cooling tower
Barometric condenser Reactor
Catchall Centrifuge
Earth dozer Tray drier
Bleached oil tank Crystallizer
Filter press Pressure filter
Filter pump Distillation assembly
Vacuum pump

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Chapter 5 Jatropha Meal

Fertilizer is one of the important ingredients for cultivation and it accounts for a
significant percent of the total cost of cultivation. In the case of jatropha, the
amount of fertilizer required is comparatively less than that for other oil producing
crops. In addition, the jatropha meal itself can be used as a fertilizer, providing
further economic incentives. This chapter provides details of jatropha meal and its
use as fertilizer, apart from other applications.
Key Sections
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Jatropha Meal Compositions
5.3 Toxicity in Jatropha Meal
5.3.1 Detoxification of Jatropha Meal
5.4 Jatropha Meal Prices
5.5 Jatropha Meal Uses
Livestock feed
Organic fertilizer
Fuel
Using the Fruit Shells and Seed Husks
Jatropha Meal as Organic Manure to Jatropha curcas Plants
Sample Topic: Jatropha Meal Prices
The deoiled extract of Jatropha seed finds uses as an organic fertilizer. While there
are no formal price data available for Jatropha meal, based on the value of its
ingredients and prices for comparable products (such as castor meal), we estimate
the Jatropha meal will fetch a price in the range 75-90 $ per T on average.
Value of Press Cake (Europe)

Components Seed (%) Price $ / kg Value $ /kg
Crude Protein 15 1.36 0.2
Lignin 20 0.2 0.04
Fiber 15 0.2 0.027
Carbohydrate 10 0.34 0.04
Total fractionated press cake 0.31
Un- fractionated press cake 60 0.048 0.027
Oil 35 0.82 0.29
Source: Plant Research International, www.pri.wur.nl/
Notes: $ to euro conversion taken as 1.36$ = 1 euro

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Chapter 6 Jatropha Oil Properties and Uses
In addition to being a feedstock candidate for biodiesel, jatropha oil could also find
other uses owing to its chemical constituents and composition. This chapter provides
more details on the properties, constituents and uses of jatropha oil. Similar to other
biomass, different parts of the jatropha plant (and not just its seeds) can be used to
produce a wide range of fuels, using a range of processes – chemical,
thermochemical and biochemical processes. A summary of these products is
provided in the chapter.
Key Sections
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Properties & Chemical Composition of Jatropha Oil
6.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Jatropha Oil
6.2.2 Other Constituent of Jatropha Oil and its Uses
6.3 Jatropha Oil Biodiesel
6.3.1 Can Jatropha Oil be an Efficient Biodiesel?
6.3.2 Factoids on Jatropha Oil Biodiesel
6.4 Other Uses of Jatropha & Jatropha Oil
6.4.1 Possible Future Medicinal Uses
6.4.2 Potential Industrial Uses
6.4.3 Cooking Fuel
6.5 Renewable Energy Technologies Suitable for the Jatropha Crop
Sample Topics
Can Jatropha Oil be an Efficient Biodiesel?
This question is answered by analyzing the following:
Characteristics of oils or fats affecting their suitability for use as fuel

Characteristics of efficient biodiesel
How does the biodiesel derived from jatropha oil rate on the above aspects?
Based on the above three aspects, preliminary inference for “Can Jatropha Oil
Make a Good Biodiesel?”
Key Fuel Properties of Jatropha Oil and its Biodiesel
Properties Jatropha Oil Jatropha biodiesel Diesel

Density, g/ml 0.920 0.865 0.841
o
Viscosity @ 40 C, cs 40-50 4.5-5.2 4.5
Calorific value, MJ/kg 39.7 39.2 42.0

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o
Flash point, C 240 165-175 50
o
Cloud point, C 16 13 9
Sulphur % 0.13% 0.13% 1.2% or less
Cetane Value 51 58.4 47.8
All the above four points are analysed in detail and we have come out with an
inference for Jatropha biodiesel’s suitability as a replacement for petro-diesel
Renewable Energy Technologies Suitable for the Jatropha Crop
Beside the seeds, other parts of the jatropha plant have high economic value and the
plant parts can be used to produce various energy fuels. This section explains the
various technologies that can be applied for making energy fuels from different parts
of the jatropha plant.
The plant parts that can be made use of The technologies applied are:
are:
Pyrolysis
Leaves Gasification
Biomass material - Stems/wood Fermentation
Shell Transesterification
Oil seeds Biomethanation
Oilcake Thermal Cracking
Biochar from oilseed/oilcake Briquetting
Distillation
Producer Gas
Bioreactor
Only a few of the technologies and processes mentioned above are currently being
used for jatropha. In future, other technologies might start getting applied for
making energy fuels from jatropha.
Detailed explanations of each of the processes and technologies noted above have
been explained in the report. Possible timeframes for the application of these
technologies and processes are also explained in this section.

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Chapter 7 Jatropha Oil Market
The jatropha oil and biodiesel markets are in their early stages and as a result, there
are tremendous changes happening in these markets on a continuous basis.
Currently, data for supply and demand are very sparse and where available, quite
volatile. This chapter provides estimates and analysis of the current situation in the
jatropha oil market and the expected trends in future.
Key Sections
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Jatropha Oil Market Data
7.3 Supply & Demand of Jatropha Oil
7.3.1 Global Biodiesel Production and Capacity
7.3.2 Supply Forecast: Biodiesel
7.3.3 Jatropha Oil Supply Estimates
7.4 Global View on Jatropha Industry
7.4.1 Global Yield Map
7.4.2 Global Commercial Projects of Jatropha
7.4.3 Development of Jatropha Schemes by 2013
7.5 Jatropha Market Trends - Summary
Sample Topics
Jatropha Oil Supply Estimates
Projected Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Biodiesel Production
Total biodiesel % of biodiesel

Total projected
Year production supplied by
supply (MMT)
(MMT) Jatropha
2009 0.5 16.9 3.0
2010 1.0 20.2 5.0
2012 2.5 29.2 8.2
2015 10 50.3 20
Source: Biozio.com
Notes: Total jatropha biodiesel production is calculated using estimates of planned jatropha
cultivation, which could change owing to a number of factors.
Global Commercial Projects of Jatropha
Assuming an average investment of US$ 300-500 per hectare, the expected growth
path of the industry will lead to worldwide investments totaling US$ 500 million to 1
billion every year for the next 5-7 years.

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The jatropha industry is in its very early stages, covering a global area estimated at
some 900 000 ha. More than 85 percent of jatropha plantings are in Asia, chiefly
Myanmar, India, China and Indonesia. Africa accounts for around 12 percent or
approximately 120 000 ha, mostly in Madagascar and Zambia, but also in Tanzania
and Mozambique. Latin America has approximately 20 000 ha of jatropha, mostly in
Brazil. The area planted to jatropha is projected to grow to 4.72 million ha by 2010
and 12.8 million ha by 2015. By then, Indonesia is expected to be the largest
producer in Asia with 5.2 million ha, Ghana and Madagascar together will have the
largest area in Africa with 1.1 million ha, and Brazil is projected to be the largest
producer in Latin America with 1.3 million ha (adapted from FAO, 2010)
Similar data on future Jatropha plantations, total current supply of Jatropha

biodiesel in the world, future supply potential of Jatropha oil of top five countries,
their quantities etc., are also discussed in this chapter.
Jatropha Oil Supply Estimates
Biozio.com has estimated the potential future (by 2025) supply of jatropha oil. In
addition, the jatropha’s supply is compared with other biofuels such as algae, a third
generation biofuel and wood waste. The analysis has also concluded that the
jatropha feedstock will be the second largest supplier of biofuels in future next to
algae.
In addition, share of jatropha biodiesel in total biodiesel production is estimated up

to 2025.

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Chapter 8 Costs
An in-depth knowledge of costs involved in jatropha biofuels is critical for an

entrepreneur exploring this industry. Some cost components in the jatropha biofuel
industry are “standard” costs – these include the costs of oil extraction,
transesterification or anaerobic digestion, for instance. These cost components are
well understood as they have been applied for similar products earlier. The costs for
cultivation and maintenance of the jatropha crop on a large-scale are however not
fully understood, as large-scale cultivation started only a few years back. This
chapter provides data on the costs of cultivation, estimated based on real-life
interactions, and analyses of cost data from multiple sources and different regions
worldwide. This chapter also provides cost details for producing possible energy
products from jatropha, other than biodiesel – methane, electricity, biodiesel and a
range of hydrocarbon fuels based on gasification / pyrolysis.
Key Sections
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Cost
8.2.1 Cultivation, Crop Management & Harvesting
8.2.2 Costs for Jatropha Biodiesel
8.2.2.1 Oil Extraction & Refining
8.2.2.2 Summary of Costs for Oil Extraction and Refining
8.2.2.3 Costs for Conversion of Oil to Biodiesel
8.2.3 Costs for Other Energy Products from Jatropha
8.2.4 Summary of Costs for Energy from Jatropha
8.3 Costs – Reference
8.4 Indicative Costs for Setting up Medium Scale Jatropha Oil Manufacturing
Plants
Sample Topic: Cost
This chapter provides detail estimates of costs involved in whole Jatropha biodiesel
process from cultivation to biodiesel and other energy products. Detailed cost
estimates for each and every process are given below
Cost for:
Cultivation - Includes seed or sapling cost, land preparation and sowing.

Crop Care - Includes pruning, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation etc
Harvesting Cost
Costs for Producing Jatropha Biodiesel
Apart from the cost of cultivation and harvesting, the costs for Jatropha biodiesel
production include those for:

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1. Extraction
2. Conversion to Biodiesel - Transesterification
Oil Extraction & Refining
Costs for:
o Expeller press
o Solvent extraction
o Refining
Extraction Cost Components

o Cost of chemicals
o Cost of extraction equipments (capital expenses)
o Cost of maintenance of extraction equipments
o Cost of extraction operations
o Cost of purification of extracted oil
o Cost of manpower for all the above operations
Cost of extraction using the following are also provided

o Cost of Extraction Using Oil Press
o Cost of Solvent Extraction
Costs for Conversion of Oil to Biodiesel
Transesterification for Biodiesel – Transesterification is the process by which

plant oils are converted to biodiesel
Cost Components for Conversion to Biodiesel
o Cost of conversion equipments (capital expenses)

o Cost of maintenance of conversion equipments
o Chemicals and additives required for conversion
o Actual cost of conversion operations
o Cost of manpower for all the above operations
Costs for Other Energy Products from Jatropha
It is possible to derive fuels other than biodiesel from Jatropha though these are in
the experimental stages.
The other energy products that can be derived from Jatropha are
Cellulosic Ethanol
Electricity through Anaerobic Digestion
Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Thermochemical Processes
Heat and Electricity from Direct Combustion of Jatropha Biomass

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The report also provides inputs on the process and indicative costs for producing
these fuels from Jatropha.
Summary of Costs for Oil Extraction and Refining
Total Cost for Refining

Operating Cost for (Operating Cost +
Extraction ($ per Amortized Capex) ($ Total Cost
Process gallon) per gallon) ($ per gallon)
Expeller Press 0.17 0.2 0.37
Solvent
Extraction 0.30 0.2 0.5
Typical Biodiesel Cost Break-up
Cost Type Cost / gallon ($) Cost / liter ($) % of total

Cost of feedstock 1.672 0.44 77.1
Cost of feedstock transport 0.076 0.020 3.5
Total feedstock 80.6
Cost of acid 0.011 0.003 0.5
Cost of base catalyst 0.103 0.027 4.8
Cost of sodium hydroxide 0.001 Negligible 0.1
Cost of methanol 0.122 0.032 5.6
Total chemicals 11.0
Cost of heat energy 0.022 0.006 1
Cost of electricity 0.004 0.001 0.2
Total energy 1.2
Cost of labour 0.026 0.007 1.2
Total labour 1.2
Depreciation 0.066 0.017 3
Total depreciation 3
Cost of maintenance 0.028 0.007 1.3
Cost of admin and overhead 0.006 0.002 0.3
Cost of marketing 0.03 0.008 1.4
Total overhead &
maintenance 3.0
Total Cost 2.167 0.57
Note: Above data for making Biodiesel from soybean oil for 30 million gallons per year plant located in
the US, 2006 data. Source: Iowa State University, CIRAS
In addition to the preliminary data for Jatropha cultivation costs and costs for
methods of converting Jatropha into fuel, this chapter provides cost data for
jatropha conversion in to electricity through various processes.

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Chapter 9 Jatropha Oil Prices
Jatropha seeds have seen high volatility in their prices in the past few years, as prices
increased significantly in anticipation of accelerated demand. On the other side, only
in early 2009, some of the companies in the jatropha biodiesel production business
started publicly providing the prices of biodiesel produced by them. Knowledge of
prices of jatropha seeds and oil - and the trends in these prices – are very important
for entrepreneurs and investors as this is the single most important factor that will
determine the financial viability of their projects. This chapter provides historical and
updated price data for jatropha oil.
Key Sections
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current Price Data for Jatropha Oil
9.2.1 Historical Trend of Prices for Various Biodiesel for Past 5 Yrs
9.2.2 Estimated Cost per Barrel of Fuel Produced by Selected Biofuel Feedstocks
9.3 Factors that affect Price of Jatropha Oil
Sample Topic: Current Price Data for Jatropha Oil
The following data essentially provide an idea of approximate prices necessary for
the supplier in order to cover costs and make a small profit of 10%.
Price Data for Jatropha Oil
Month & Year Price* ($/MT) – FOB

Jan 2011 980
Jan 2010 875
Dec 2009 900
May 2009 850
Nov 2008 850
Mar 2008 800
Oct 2007 750
Apr 2007 725
Note: * all prices are based on inputs provided by specific vendors and other market participants
This chapter also provides prices of other biodiesel compared to Jatropha biodiesel,
and factors that affect the prices of Jatropha oil.

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Chapter 10 Jatropha Companies
Starting with just a handful of companies in 2002, the jatropha industry currently has
over a hundred companies that have invested in large-scale jatropha biodiesel
production, in addition to hundreds of small and small-medium entrepreneurs and
businesses. The profiles and the activities of the prominent companies will provide
insights on the success factors and important lessons for entrepreneurs keen on
investing in jatropha biofuels. This chapter provides profiles and important
operational details of all the top companies that are operating in the jatropha
biodiesel industry.
Key Sections
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Companies Venturing into Jatropha
10.2.1 Major Jatropha Companies
D1Oils
Mission Biofuels
Sunbiofuels
GEM Biofuels
Jatoil Limited
Energem Resources Inc
Energy Africa LTD.
Eco-Carbone
ESV Group plc Oil
IKF Green Fuel Ltd.
GreenGold Ray Energies Inc. (GRYE)
Viridas PLC
SG Biofuels
10.2.2 Minor Jatropha Companies
Sample Topic: Companies Venturing into Jatropha
Mission Biofuels
Location: Mumbai, India

Line of Activity: Integrated global renewable energy company
Mission NewEnergy Limited is a global renewable energy provider with operations in

Australia, Malaysia, India, China and Mauritius. Mission has a well-developed
upstream feedstock business in India, focused on the use of Jatropha Curcas. The
company has an extensive field network to manage harvesting, storage, extraction
and transportation of Jatropha oil and seeds.
Mission Biofuels India Private Limited has:

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Access to over 360,000 acres of Jatropha cultivation with the goal to increase
the acreage to 1,500,000 by 2009.
Developed its own nurseries and seed procurement centers in India of which
customers can buy the Jatropha seeds.
Partnered with the leading Jatropha research centre The Energy Resources
Institute (TERI), to implement optimum planting cultivation technologies and
ensure highest yields are achieved.
Partnered with leading Indian Farmers Organisations such as the DHAN
foundation for effective outreach to the farming community.
Mission’s contract farming Jatropha business will generate free cashflows in 2009,
principally generated from the profitable sale of saplings to Mission’s contract
farmers. Growth in 2009 will take Mission’s acreage to over 550,000 acres. Mission
anticipates expanding its planted acreage to over one million acres by end CY2011.
Mission enjoys a ready and large market for Jatropha oil sales in India. The “Must
Buy” government policy for Jatropha based Biodiesel imposed on large oil companies
and exemption of excise duty, provide Mission with significant operating margins.
A favourable recent Indian government amendment makes Jatropha acreage eligible

for Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). Mission had already commenced significant
amount work towards registration with UNFCCC for CERs and based on its existing
354,000 Jatropha acres is poised to generate between 200,000 to 250,000 CERs
annually. The current market price for CERs is Euro 12 (A$24).
Website: www.missionbiofuels.com/
Detailed profiles, projects, Jatropha acreage and their research are provided for
over 10 prominent companies that have ventured into the Jatropha biodiesel
industry.
Other Jatropha companies worldwide
Company Website
AEC/French Company
Avana Group
Baker Biofuel Company (USA)
Bio Energy www.bioenergy.net
Bio Energy Invest
Biocombustibles de Guatemala
Biodiesel Technologies - www.biodieseltechnologiesindia.com
Bioenergy Development Co. Ltd www.bioenergy-development.com
BIOFISCHER
Biogreen Energy Sdn.Bhd,Malaysia

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BIOPER
BioTins / Saudibras
BioX Group. www.biox.nl
CARAMURU www.caramuru.com
China Agro-Technology Ltd.
CNOOC www.cnooc.com.cn
COFCO www.cofco.com/en/
Costa Rica Seed Company www.costaricaseedcompany.com
Curcas Diesel Brazil
Diligent Energy Systems www.diligent.nl
Eagle Farm
ECOMAXX
Elaion Africa LDA
EnerTerra www.enerterra.com
Enhanced Biofuels Technologies Pvt
Ltd www.ebtiplc.com
EnviroTrade www.envirotrade.co.uk
Equitech www.equitech.biz
FairTradeFuel www.fairtradefuel.org
Flora EcoPower www.floraecopower.com
FRC/TAISEI Japan
Fu Xing Yuan Bio-energy Company
Limited
Fusermann Biodiesel www.fusermann.com.br
GALP Energy www.galpenergia.com
Galten www.galtengroup.com
GIC-MAPER
Green Eight Industries Inc.
Green Power http://greenpower.li/jatropha.html
Heaven Petroleum
InfEnergy Ltd. www.jatrophatanzania.com
InWent & Energiebau
Solarstromsysteme
ISPAIA Energia
J and P Company
J+J Group www.jjsea.com
Jatrafuel
JatroGreen
Jatropha Africa-Ghana www.jatrophaafrica.com
John Bizeray
J-Oils www.johnston-oils.co.uk
JSL Biofuels Analavory (GEXSI) www.gexsi.org

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KAKUTE
Kikuletwa
Kilimanjaro Biofuels
Kolao Group
Land Lab Bio-tech www.lablandbiotechs.com
Mali Biocarburant SA www.malibiocarburant.com
Marli Investments
Naturol Bioenergy Ltd www.naturol-bio.com
NEO - New Ecologic Oil www.newecologicoil.com
NNE Minas Agroforestal
Noble Horticulture Farm
Oji Paper Group www.ojipaper.co.jp
Oval Biofuels www.ovalbiofuels.com
Pandian Estates Private Limited
Panzhihua Jatropha Biodiesel
Industry Development
Plant.a.Bio Agrotecnologia plantabio.com.br
Plantation Oswaldo Aguair
Prefeitura de Cuiabá www.cuiaba.mt.gov.br
PROKON www.prokon-tanzania.com
PT Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia
(RNI) www.rni.co.id
PT. Kreatif Energi Indonesia www.indobiofuel.com
Rivertime Plantations
Sada Bioenergia www.sadabioenergia.com.br
SafiAnzania
Sherriff Estates
Sinopec China http://english.sinopec.com/index.shtml
Sunshine Technology www.sunshinetechnology.com
Symboil www.symboil.de
Thenergo www.thenergo.eu
TOM Investment – MMF
Yunnan Plant Oil Group and German
Energy Strategy Consulting
Company
Yunnan Shenyu New Energy Co. Ltd

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Chapter 11 Real world Status of Jatropha Energy Projects
A reading of the various news updates about the jatropha industry can throw up
often conflicting inputs. There are reports about jatropha’s success from some parts
of the world, while from other parts there are reports of the crop failing to living up
to expectations. An investor needs a clearer picture of the real world status of
jatropha-based biodiesel projects, especially in terms of country-wise performance
of the crop, yields in various regions, and the critical challenges being faced by those
who ventured earlier into this industry. This chapter provides inputs on these critical
aspects.
Key Sections
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Prominent Companies
11.3 Status of Jatropha Oil in Real World
11.3.1 Supply Volumes
11.3.2 Supplies in Various Countries
11.3.3 Yields in Reality
11.3.4 Industry Concentration
11.3.5 Dominant Designs
11.3.6 Implementation Status of Prominent Companies
D1-BP Fuel Crops
Mission Biofuels
Sunbiofuels
GEM Biofuels
11.3.7 Q&A
11.4 Bottlenecks & Barriers
Scarcity of Authentic Real-life Data and Guidance
Uncertain Yields
Land Availability
Sample Topics
Status of Jatropha Oil in Real World
Entrepreneurs who want to enter this industry can find answers to some of the
question such as the following from this chapter.
What is the real life yield of jatropha seeds?

What is the supply volume of large scale jatropha companies?
What is the approximate number of companies operating worldwide?
What is the core technology or process dominating this industry?
What is the current status of the prominent jatropha biodiesel companies?

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25
Samples topics are provided for the reader to evaluate the answer
Industry Concentration
Number of Companies Involved in Producing Fuels from Jatropha
Year # of Jatropha Biodiesel Companies

2000 1-5
2003 20
2005 60
2008 225
2009 250
2010 275
Note: The number does not include very small Jatropha biodiesel efforts, and typically considers only
those that comprise at least 500 hectares.
Implementation Status of Prominent Companies
GEM Biofuels
GEM will supply 55% of its crude jatropha oil production in Madagascar to NFL. The
Agreement is for a 10 year period, starting in January 2009, at a free on board
delivery price of US$500 per ton, adjusted for inflation, for the first 5 years. NFL is
developing biodiesel refining facilities with production capacity in excess of 700,000
tons per annum. GEM expects to produce around 20,000 tons of crude jatropha oil
by 2009. In Jan 2010, GEM BioFuels announced that the company had commenced
commercial production of crude jatropha oil.
Energem Renewable has been formally allocated by the Mozambique government

the rights to 60,000 hectares of land in Gaza Province and is in discussions over the
allocation over a further 60,000 hectares in further provinces in light of the progress
the company has achieved to date. It is intended that the commercial crop of
jatropha seed harvested from the farming operations will be processed to produce a
crude oil, which will be exported to the project’s target markets in the European
Union. Biodiesel refined from oils produced through the company’s 300 hectares of
now mature test plantations has been tested by the South African Bureau of
Standards and confirmed to fall within the EU specification for biodiesel.

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Chapter 12 Investment & Financing
While there are large-scale investments taking place in jatropha biodiesel world
over, there are a number of small and medium scale businesses investing in this
industry as well. While some of the small scale investors might be in a position to
self-finance their ventures, most other entrepreneurs and investors are relying on
external financing for their jatropah ventures. Three types of financings have been
supporting the jatropha industry – bank loans, equity-based financing, and
government / public grants. This chapter provides details on updates for each of
these modes of financing.
Key Sections
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Some Sample Investments in Jatropha
12.3 Methodologies for Financing
Loans
Equity
Governmental schemes
Sample Topic: Some Sample Investments in Jatropha
The following tables provide sample data for some companies investing in very large
scale Jatropha plantations.
Investments by Prominent Companies
Investment
Company (US$) Country Invested Area (Hectares)
South Africa &
D1-BP Fuel 160 million India 1 million
Sun Biofuels 20 million Tanzania NA
GEM BioFuels 7.2 million Madagascar 452,500
Energem Resources 55 million Mozambique 60,000
This chapter provides inputs on sample investment data and the existing methods
for financing such investments.

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Chapter 13 Business Strategies
As in any other business, the winners in the jatropha industry are those who would
have strategized better than the also-rans. The fast-changing and dynamic nature of
the jatropha industry makes it more important that entrepreneurs get their strategy
right, in such a way that it factors in the uncertainties in the business while at the
same time ensures that most of the business actions go towards creating productive,
long-term assets. This chapter provides key insights on the various strategic aspects
of the jatropha biofuel industry, and clearly points out the key factors for success, as
well as the mistakes that should be avoided.
Key Sections
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Key Strategies
13.3 SWOT analysis of Jatropha industry
13.4 Understanding Your Country / Region’s Regulatory and Incentive
Environment Better
Government & Other Public Mandates & Initiatives

o North America
 Canada
o European Union
o Africa
 South Africa
 Mozambique
 Ghana
o Asia
 India
 China
 Japan
o Oceania
 Australia
Sample Topic: Key Strategies
The following are the key strategies that companies and investors planning to enter
the Jatropha biodiesel industry should consider:
1. Talk to the Industry – It is important that prospective investors and

entrepreneurs talk to real life Jatropha growers in the relevant region before
investing. Yields and related growth parameters vary significantly across the
world and hence generalized data are not sufficient.

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2. Research Partnerships - If you plan to invest significant amounts into

Jatropha, it is worth having associations with universities and research labs
that could help you in identifying and growing high yield varieties
3. Ensuring Seed Supply - A key success factor in the Jatropha biodiesel

business is the availability of seeds at an affordable price. Hence, an investor
should first ensure that he will have a regular supply of seeds – either by
growing them himself or by having contractual captive farming.
More such key strategies are provided to enable an entrepreneur to evaluate the
industry better and form optimal strategies.

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29
SWOT Analysis of Jatropha Industry
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
 High yield potential of more than  Jatropha is still a wild species and
2 tons of oil per hectare per yr. not completely an industrial crop.
 Can be grown on marginal lands  Lack of improved seed materials
not suited for other oil crops. resulting in uncertain yields.
 Requires significantly less water  Labour intensive harvesting.
than other oil crops.  Seedcake unsuitable for animal
 Seeds do not have to be fodder due to toxicity.
processed immediately.  Stable yields, ROI and profit
 Well suited for intercropping generations are possible only after
during the initial few years. third year of business.
 Oil can be used locally in diesel  Difficulties in propagating lab
generators, oil lamps, stoves, based genetically modified
without transeseterficication. varieties on to the field.
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
 Concern with climate change,  Trade-offs between rehabilitation
emissions reductions, clean of wastelands and maximization
energy and the need for of seed yield / oil production.
sustainable biofuel feedstock.  Limitations in domestic
 Food vs. fuel concern has knowledge and capacities in many
promoted interest in Jatropha. Jatropha cultivating countries.
 Fuel blending mandates and  Lack of Minimum Support Prices
renewable fuel standards has (MSP) for Jatropha from
guaranteed Jatropha with large government.
export market.  Increasing interest towards short
 Growing domestic energy markets duration annual crops that can
and desire for import substitution. either yield fuel along with food
 Benefits for landholders from and fodder or can be cultivated in
government incentives / subsidies rotation with food crops.
to cultivate Jatropha.  The imposing emergence of third
generation – Algae based biofuel.

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30
Chapter 14 Jatropha Oil in Various Countries
Recent studies show a potential of approximately 30 million hectares of land on

which jatropha could be grown worldwide, especially in South America, Africa and in
Asian countries such as China, India or Indonesia. Possibilities exist in Australia as
well. Possibility of cultivation in such diverse geographies has resulted in
governments across the world starting to focus on this plant. This chapter provides
insights on government and private efforts in promoting jatropha cultivation
worldwide.
Key Sections
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Jatropha Oil in Asia
14.3 Jatropha Oil in Europe
14.4 Jatropha Oil in Africa
14.5 Jatropha Oil in South America
14.6 Jatropha Oil in North America
14.7 Summary for Jatropha in Various Countries
Sample Topic: Jatropha Oil in Various Countries
Many countries around the world are actively promoting Jatropha cultivation for
biofuels. Here’s a snapshot.
Asia:
India uses several incentive schemes to induce villagers to rehabilitate waste
lands through the cultivation of oil bearing trees such as Jatropha.
In China, the national oil companies are the dominant player in Jatropha
project development.
Myanmar pursues a rigid national plan on Jatropha expansion.
Africa:
The governments in Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, and Ethiopia and (in particular)
Zimbabwe has formulated policies which explicitly focus on the promotion of
Jatropha.
Many countries actively promote investments in renewable energies (e.g.
Ghana, Tanzania, Malawi or Kenya) or facilitate the access of land to
interested investors.
Latin America
Specific targets or programs on Jatropha have been developed, among
others, by the Mexican and the Colombian government.
High expectations are on the Brazilian government which considers including
Jatropha in its social biofuels program. This would have a great impact on

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31
project development in Brazil and the overall dynamics of the industry in

Latin America.
The countries included in the chapter are
Asia Africa Europe

Cambodia Zambia Belgium
Malaysia Ghana Germany
Myanmar (Burma) Mozambique Finland
Indonesia Madagascar United Kingdom
China Malawi Ireland
Japan Mali
Korea Swaziland America
Laos Zimbabwe Brazil
Nepal Tanzania USA
Pakistan Benin Mexico
Philippines Egypt
Singapore Ethiopia
Vietnam Namibia
India Senegal
UAE Sudan
The topic covered under each countries are
Plantation
Government jatropha cultivation projects
Government programs supporting jatropha cultivation
Other countries projects and investments

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32
Chapter 15 Jatropha Oil in India
Jatropha is seen as the big saviour in India after the food-vs-fuel controversy for all
other biofuel feedstocks. Jatropha incentives are a part of India’s goal to achieve
energy independence by the year 2012. The Government of India has identified
about 100 million acres of land where jatropha can be grown, hoping it will replace
20 percent of India’s diesel consumption by 2011. This can provide much needed
employment to the rural poor of India and also serve as a means to energy
independence to India. This chapter provides more details on the current status and
future trends in the Indian jatropha industry.
Key Sections
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Indian Jatropha Oil Industry
15.2.1 Jatropha Acreage in India
15.2.2 Best Locations of Jatropha Plantation in India:
15.3 Jatropha Plantation
15.3.1 Jatropha Plantation Cost
15.3.2 Jatropha Yields in India
15.3.3 Indian Jatropha Plantation Factoids
15.4 Jatropha Projects in India: Statewise
15.5 Jatropha Companies in India
15.5.1 Major Suppliers and Manufacturers of Machineries for Jatropha in
India
15.6 Jatropha Investment in India
15.7 Jatropha Case Studies & Reality
Sample Topic: Jatropha Acreage in India
A Bear Stearns analysis recently found that U.S. farmers only have the capacity to
replace about 7% of the country's gasoline with corn-based ethanol, despite a new
federal renewable-fuels target of 15% by 2017. To reach that goal, the U.S. would
likely have to find a lot more land. India, by contrast, has millions of acres of
wasteland which could be used for Jatropha plantations.
Jatropha plantations have the potential to do well in India due to the following
reasons:
India is a densely populated country and the fallow land holding per farmer is
1 to 10 acres. A farming family can take care of this size of land very easily, as
far as plantation, harvesting as well as security are concerned. The
infrastructure of roads, housing and market are already available in the
villages. This infrastructure substantially reduces cost, as compared to
plantations on barren, vast, unhabited lands.

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33
Most of the farming in India is organic by default. Cow dung is used as

manure for Jatropha, and it is the cow dung which has made all the
difference in low mortalily of saplings, good yield, less pests etc.
In India, the day-to-day expenses are quite low and a daily per capita income
of US$ 3, in rural areas, is still an acceptable income in many regions. This
makes the Indian farmer far more affordable as compared to farmers in
developed world.
Scale of Jatropha Cultivation in India
Year Expert Estimate Projects Identified
2008 497,881 ha 407,635 ha

2010 1,179,760 ha 1,455,363 ha
2015 1,861,833 ha 5,479,765 ha
Inputs on land availability for Jatropha cultivation in India, states most suitable for
Jatropha plantation, waste land available for plantation, and Jatropha yield are
provided in this chapter
Sample Topic: Jatropha Case Studies & Reality
There are a number of news stories and articles in the media that many times
exaggerate the potential and create unsubstantiated hype about Jatropha. While
Jatropha indeed presents excellent potential as biodiesel feedstock, it needs
resources to grow as well, and it presents its own constraints too.
We have provided some real-life case studies in order to provide the reader with
more practical insights.
Sample case study
Case Study: Noble Horticulture Farm
Background: The owner is neither a technocrat nor an academic. He is a simple

farmer who has spent three years in growing and researching Jatropha
Objective: Cultivate Jatropha for Biofuels
Problem Faced:
o Complete lack of information on Jatropha among people and institutions

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34
o Observed that cultivation of Jatropha singularly was not a very attractive

proposition and profitability was a question. Further, drip system made the
cultivation more costly.
o There was no proper subsidy support or a clear-cut policy on biofuels.
o For Biofuels to be successful, large-scale plantations and economies of scale
were necessary
o Bank loans were not easy to obtain.
Efforts Made:
o Three years of hard labor, involvement and investment led valuable

knowledges along with elite plant varieties.
o Intercropping - He investigated over the years to develop a intercropping
model of different but complementary crops tolerant to each other and as
result of which today he have a successful formula of four different crops
standing simultaneously thus making Jatropha farming a very attractive
farming proposition with – short term – medium term and long term gains.
o He thought of contract farming options and tied up with the leading bank of
the country
o He came up with an idea of taking leased forestlands for cultivating Jatropha
and began to buy large tracts of land to achieve economies of scale.
Conclusion:
Jatropha is not a magical crop that will give the farmer much more wealth than other
crops. It needs to be treated as any other productive crop. Proper research, planning
and implementation need to be done for cultivation in order for the crop to provide
sustainable profits.

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35
Chapter 16 Jatropha Research & Future Trends
A significant amount of research is taking place worldwide on genetic engineering of

the jatropha plant. In countries like India, more than 40% of its edible oil
requirements are imported, it has to depend on non-edible oils for biodiesel and this
has spurred significant research into using biotechnology for jatropha. This chapter
provides data on some of the biotechnology efforts being tried for jatropha, such as
improving seed yield, mapping genes and breeding, improving oil content in seed
and improving oil quality and esterification properties etc.
Key Sections
16.1 Jatropha Research

16.1.1 Genetic Engineering in Jatropha
16.1.2 Jatropha Genetic Engineering Efforts in India
16.1.3 Jatropha Hybrids
16.2 Jatropha Research – Abstracts of Various Research Done
16.3 Jatropha Research Activities around the World
16.4 List of institutions and their main subjects of Jatropha research
Sample Topic: Jatropha Research – Genetic Engineering and Hybrids
Genetic Engineering
Genetics of Jatropha Plant - The genetics of the Jatropha plant define the potential
production and give us tools to breed more productive, healthier plants. In order to
start breeding the genetic variation needs to be assessed. Several parties have done
genetic studies amongst others the University of Newcastle. The first results are that
the variation within the plants from India and Thailand is low and the same holds for
the African gene pool. The Indian sources differ slightly from the African sources.
More genetic variation is expected in the centre of origin (Meso America).
Wageningen University has set up a worldwide screening programme (JEP - Jatropha
curcas evaluation Programme) where genetic variation is mapped.
Jatropha Hybrids
Philippine tests conclude that six hybrids of Jatropha create biodiesel that meets US,
European standards - In the Philippines, tests by the Technological University of the
Philippines and Chemrez Technologies have shown that Jatropha biodiesel from
PNOC Alternative Fuels meets both US and European standards. Tests have now
expanded the pool of Jatropha hybrids to six candidates that meet EN 14214
(Europe) and ASTM D6751 (US). The Philippines have a B1 and E5 mandate
scheduled to go into effect in 2009, rising to B2 and E10 in 2011.

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36
Chapter 17 Predictions
Knowledge of future possibilities helps entrepreneurs in planning their ventures

better. This is especially true for an industry that is in its initial stages. Based on our
acquaintance with the jatropha biofuel industry since its inception, and based on our
interactions with experts and industry participants, we have provided our inputs on
the future challenges, highlights and trends for the jatropha biofuels industry in
terms of costs and prices, competition, supply and demand, and geographic
expansion of the industry.
Key Sections
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Prices
17.3 Companies
17.4 Countries
17.5 Jatropha Oil Supply
17.5.1 Supply Forecast for Biodiesel
17.5.2 Supply Forecast for Jatropha Biodiesel
17.5.3 Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Supply
Projected Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Biodiesel
Production
17.6 Trends in Development of Jatropha Schemes.
17.7 Jatropha Market Trends - Summary
Sample Topic: Companies
Currently, there are about 100 companies that are each cultivating over 500 hectares
of Jatropha plant for biodiesel. The following table predicts the number of
companies in the next 5 years.
Year Number of Companies

2009 250
2011 350
2013 500
2015 700
Source: BioZio.com
This chapter provides predictions for the future of Jatropha oil and biodiesel for the
next five years and beyond. Predictions are provided for the various aspects
mentioned in the list of contents.

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37
Chapter 18 Biofuels Associations Worldwide
Sample Topic: Associations
Country Name of Association Address & Contact Website

& Organization
1301 5th Avenue,
Suite 2500
Seattle, WA 98101
Seattle & Northwest Biofuels Ph: 206-389-8660,
Poland association Fax 206-389-8651 www.nwbiofuels.org
700 12 th Street,
NW Suite 700
International Biofuels Washington, DC 20005 www.internationalbiofu
USA Association Ph: 202-659-2979 els.org
Level 5, Suite 2
320 Adelaide Street
Brisbane QLD 4000,
Biofuels Association of GPO Box 111 www.biofuelsassociatio
Australia Australia Ph:(07) 3010 9338 n.com.au
47 Oxford Road,
Forest Town 2193,
Southern African Johannesburg,
South Africa Biofuels Association Gauteng, South Africa www.saba.za.org
Organization details provided for many countries will be useful for entrepreneurs
wishing to take further steps in this industry

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UPDATED FEBRUARY 2011

Sample Content of the Comprehensive Jatropha

Preface to the Report

Jatropha is a second generation biodiesel feedstock. It is a feedstock with high potential

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Who will benefit from this report?

Highlights of the report

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Jatropha is a second generation biodiesel feedstock. It overcomes key challenges

Sample Topic: Highlights of the Jatropha Plant

Unlike soybeans, canola and many other agricultural sources of biodiesel,

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Chapter 2 Jatropha Cultivation

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Sample Topic: Jatropha Cultivation

Propogatioin from seeds Tissue culture Vegetative Propagation

Seed – Nursery Raised Seed – Nursery Seed Sown Directly in

Planting Commonly Practiced

Range of Reported Yields per Most likely average yield per

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Chapter 3 Jatropha Seeds

Sample Topic: Jatropha Seed Prices & Trends

Average Seed Prices of Jatropha

Year Average Seed Price ($/Kg)

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Chapter 4 Jatropha Oil Production

The overall Jatropha oil manufacturing process is:

Sowing  Cultivation  Harvest  Seed Dehulling & Cleaning  Oil Extraction 

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Jatropha Oil Refining

Process Flow for a Typical Oil Refining Plant

CRUDE OILS AND FATS

Neutralisation section Soap stock

Sterin separation section Sterin

DEODORISER Stering Storage

Refined Oil Distilled Fatty Acid

Conversion of Jatropha Oil into Biodiesel

Biodiesel is the product of changing the triglyceride chemical structure of vegetable

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Biodiesel Production Process

Jatropha + Methyl Alcohol Glycerol + Biodiesel

Typical processes and equipments involved in the production of biodiesel are

1 – Degumming 5 - Deodorizer Thermic fluid

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Chapter 5 Jatropha Meal

Sample Topic: Jatropha Meal Prices

Value of Press Cake (Europe)

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Chapter 6 Jatropha Oil Properties and Uses

Can Jatropha Oil be an Efficient Biodiesel?

This question is answered by analyzing the following:

Characteristics of oils or fats affecting their suitability for use as fuel

Key Fuel Properties of Jatropha Oil and its Biodiesel

Properties Jatropha Oil Jatropha biodiesel Diesel

Calorific value, MJ/kg 39.7 39.2 42.0

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Renewable Energy Technologies Suitable for the Jatropha Crop

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Chapter 7 Jatropha Oil Market

Jatropha Oil Supply Estimates

Projected Share of Jatropha Biodiesel in Total Biodiesel Production

Total biodiesel % of biodiesel