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CONDITIONAL EVENTS
Example 1
A number is selected randomly from the set If this number chosen is odd, what is the
probability that it is a complete square?
Example 2
The probability that a worker in company X gets a pay increase is 0.7, the probability a job promotion
is 0.5 and the probability that he gets both is 0.3.
(a) Mr Yong has been given a pay increase. What is the probability that he is getting a job
promotion as well?
(b) Mr Ravi has been promoted. What is the probability that he is getting a pay increase too?
Example 3
4 apples are selected from a lot of 10 apples. Find the number of possible selections. On scrutiny, it
was found that 4 of apples are green and they are all good. The other 6 are red and 3 of the red ones
are rotten. If events X and Y are defined as
X = event that of the 4 apples chosen, 2 are green and 3 are red
Find
(a) P(X)
(b) P(Y)
(c) P
(d) P
COMPLEMENTARY EVENTS
Example 4
The probability that Rozimah goes shopping is 0.8 an a sunny day and 0.4 on a rainy day. It is
forecasted that the probability it will rain tomorrow is 0.3. What is the probability that Rozaimah will
go shopping tomorrow?
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Example 5
All 40 students in a class have their own hobbies. Among them, 7 like reading (R) only, 22 like games
(G) only and the rest have both hobies. State whether the two events R and G are
Events A and B are independent. P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.5. Find
(a) P , (b) P
Example 7
The probability a student is late for school is for each day. Find the probability that the student is late
for school at least once on two consecutive days.
Example 8
A die is tossed 6 times. What is the probability that it will give a 6 at least once?
Example 9
Alwi and Borhan are shooting at a target. The probability that Alwi’s shot hits the target is and the
probability that Borhan’s shot misses the target is . Alwi shoots first, then followed by Borhan. What
is the probability that
Example 10
A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4, P = 0.7 and P = 0.3. Find
(a) P(A B)
(b) P(B)
(c) P(A B)
(d) P
Example 11
(a) P(A)
(b) P
(c)
State with reasons, whether events A and B are
(d) Independent
Solution 1 :
n(S) = 30
Let A represent the event of getting an odd number and B represent the event the number is a complete
square.
Then =
n( )=3
Thus P( )=
Solution 2:
Let I represent the event of a pay increase and J represent a job promotion.
P(I) = 0.7
P(J) = 0.5
P =P = 0.3
(a) P
=P
(b) P
=P
Solution 3 :
(a) For the event X, we are selecting 2 green apples out of 4 and another 2 red apples out of 6. So
the number of combination is
= 6 x 15
= 90
(b) For the event Y, we reason this way. Since there are 3 rotten apples, the possible selection to
get a rotten apple is 3C1.
Among the other 7 good apples (4 green and 3 red), there are 7C3 ways of selecting the other 3
apples.
= 3 x 35
= 105
P(Y) =
(c) The event is when 2 are green and 2 are red, and among the 2 red ones, there is one
rotten. This means we will choose 2 green out of 4, one good apple out of 3 good red apples
and one rotten apple out of 3 rotten ones.
=6x3x3
= 54
P =
(d) P =
Solution 4:
P = 0.4
P = 0.8
= 0.68
Solution 6 :
P = P(A) x P(B)
= 0.3 x 0.5
= 0.15
= 0.65