Intelligent Network Intelligent Network: Chung-Min Chen Telcordia Technologies Telcordia Technologies

Intelligent Network
Chung-Min Chen
Telcordia Technologies
TELCORDIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY

This document contains proprietary information that shall be distributed, routed or made available only within Telcordia, except with written permission of Telcordia.
IN (I
(Intelligent
t lli t Network)
N t k)
Value added
Services
Toll free
Call forwarding
Bl k lilistt
Black
Don’t call
H t li
Hot-line
LNP
Pre-paid
…
TELCORDIA PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY 2

See proprietary restrictions on title page.
Concept: Separating the Intelligence
from Operations
IN Service Logic
Basic and Hooks Hooks Hooks

supplementary
services Basic call Basic call Basic call
offered processing
i processing
i processing
i
to customers
NODE A NODE B NODE C

O tli
Outline
IN Background
ITU IN Standard
St d d
IN Network Architecture
IN Services
SCP Product Example
Next Generation IN

IN IInception
ti
1970-1980s
Call forwarding, call blocking, freephone, premium rate
Assembly codes manually installed in switches
Long time to deploy a new service, 2-4
2 4 years
Late 1980s
Bellcore (now Telcordia) proposed AIN (Advanced
Intelligent Network) concept
Simplify deployment and management of value added services
with central control
1993
ITU published IN standard series Q.1200-1205, 1208, 1290.

IN Standards
St d d
ITU
Defines IN standard in terms of “Capability
Capability Sets”:
Sets :
Service capabilities out of which services can be built
CS-1: 1992, CS-2: 1997, CS-3 1999, CS-4: 2001.
Defines INAP as the message exchange protocol
US
Telcordia de facto standard
ANSI T1S1 Group p
Europe
Adopting
p g ITU standard
Extensions: core-INAP, CAMEL

CS 1
CS-1
IN Conceptual Model (INCM)
Provides logical and physical views of IN architecture
INCM defines four “planes”

planes of IN
Service Plane (SP) Top level
Global Functional Plane (GFP)

Distributed Functional Plane (DFP)
Physical Plane (PP) Bottom level
INAP (IN Application Protocol)

S i Pl
Service Plane
Service:
describes service from user
user’s
s point of view
services are composed of “features”
Features:
reusable unit of functionality
Service 1 Service 2
Feature A Feature B Feature B Feature C
Service Plane

S i Pl
Service Plane ((cont.)
t)
Example
p
Freephone service is composed of two features
“One-number” feature: routes incoming calls made to a single number to
different physical phone numbers,
numbers depending on time
time, location
location, …
“Reverse charging” feature: charge calls to freephone number owner
instead of caller
Service: Freephone
Feature: Feature:
One-number Reverse charging
Service Plane

S i Pl
Service Plane ((cont.)
t)
CS-1 defined features
Feature Group Features

Numbering One number, abbreviated dialing (e.g. *077), …
Routing Call forwarding,

forwarding time dependent routing
routing, …
Charging Reverse, premium rate, …
Access Authentication, authorization code
Restriction Call screening (both originating and terminating), …
Customization Customized ringing, customer recorded announcement, …
U
User IInteraction
t ti U
User prompting
ti (b(both
th originating
i i ti andd tterminating)
i ti )
Miscellaneous Call waiting, automatic call-back, …

Gl b l F
Global Functional
ti l Pl
Plane ((cont.)
t)
Looks at services from service provider’s point of view
Define SIB ((Service Independent
p Buildingg Blocks))
Software components that make up services
Each feature is implemented by one or more SIBs
Service provider must implement SIBs to deploy services
Service: Freephone
Feature: Feature:
One-number Reverse charging
Service Plane
Translate Log call info

SIB Charge SIB
BCP
SIB
SIB
Global Functional Plane

Gl b l F
Global Functional
ti l Pl
Plane ((cont.)
t)
SIB connectors
One logical start
Connects to a logical end of a
service support data
preceding SIB (SSD)
One
O or multiple
lti l llogical
i l ends
d
Allows conditional branching
Logical start
SIB parameters SIB g
Logical
ends
Call-instance data (CID)
Call-dependent data such as
originating
i i ti number,
b dialed
di l d
number, … input output
Service support data (SSD) Call instance data
Call-independent data, e.g., call- (CID)
screening list, call-forwarding table,
charging scheme, …

Gl b l F
Global Function
ti PlPlane ((cont.)
t)
CS-1
CS 1 defines 14 SIBs
SIB Description
Algorithm Applies an algorithm to CID or SSD
Authenticate Authenticates user and verifies privilege
Charge Applies a special charging algorithm
Compare Compares input parameters against a reference values
Distribution Conditional branch
Log call information Log call detail records
Queue Queues calls made to a specific number
Screen Compares input parameters against a list
Service data Add./update/delete
p service data in the database
management
Service filter Accepts or rejects calls according to specified parameters
Translate Translate input
p p parameters into output
p numbers using
g a specified
p alg.
g
User interaction Input via DTMF, IVR (interactive voice response)
Verify Performs syntactic check on input parameters
Basic call process Represents setting up of a point-to-point
point to point call

Gl b l F
Global Functional
ti l Pl
Plane ((cont.)
t)
Screen SIB [Originating]
CID: dialed phone number
SSD: screening list
service support
Screening
Logical ends list
Data (SSD)
On the list: dialed number is in
On–the-list:
the list in list
Not-on-the-list: dialed number is start Logical
Screen ends
not in the list
SIB
Enabled services: not in list
Block calls to international or
premium-rate (1-900 calls)
numbers Input: dialed number
Call instance data

(CID)
Fig 2.7

Gl b l F
Global Functional
ti l Pl
Plane ((cont.)
t)
Screen SIB [Terminating]
CID: originating phone
number
service support
black
SSD: screening list list
Data (SSD)
(black list)
Logical ends in list
start Logical
in–the-list: originating Screen ends
number is on the list SIB
Not-in-the-list: originating not in list
number is not on the list
Enabled services Input: originating number
Block unwanted calls or
calls from telemarketers Call instance data
(CID)

Gl b l F
Global Functional
ti l Pl
Plane ((cont.)
t)
Basic Call Process (BCP) SIB
Describes phases of setting up a point-to-point call
POI (Point of Initiation): interrupted to execute service logic (like a
function call)
POR ((Point of Return): ) return control to BCP
Example [Calling-card call service]

SIBs: BCP, UI, Authenticate, Charge
(3) Not OK
((2))
User Authenticate
Interaction OK
Charge
Connect to destination number (4)

Clear call (5)
(1)
POI POR Basic call process POR

Gl b l F
Global Function
ti PlPlane (GFP)
Calling-card call service example
1. dialed number is detected as a special number; trigger the
calling-card call service
2. UI SIB request caller to input credit card #, PIN, destination
phone number
3. Authenticate SIB verifies the input data
4. If credit card number and PIN are correct,, Chargeg SIB starts
charging. Return control (with destination number) to BCP,
which resumes execution and proceed to call the destination
number
5. If the credit card number or PIN is incorrect, instructs BCP to
terminates the call by jumping to the clear-call POR.

Di t ib t d Functional
Distributed F ti l Pl
Plane
Map GFP SIBs to functional entities (FE) in the network
A single SIB may be supported by one or more FEs
D
Describes
ib iinformation
f ti flflows b
between
t FE
FEs
in terms of SDL (specification and development language) and MSC (message
sequence chart)
Note a FE is still a “logical”
“ entity
Translate L callll iinfo

Log f
SIB Charge SIB
BCP
SIB
SIB
Global Functional Plane
SSF SCF SMF
CCF SRF SDF
Distributed F ti l Plane
Pl

Plane
Functional Entities
Call control function (CCF): controls the state and progress of a
callll
Service switching function (SSF): handles bearer connections
Service control function ((SCF):) hosts service p
programs
g
Service data function (SDF): database that keeps the service
support data
Service management function (SMF): contains management
functions
Service resource function (SRF): contains special resources
needed to realize
reali e the ser
service
ice
Note concept
p separation
p of
calls (by CCF): signaling
connections ( by SSF): voice trunk

Plane
Example – freephone

Plane
BCP SIB further divided into two halves
Originating basic-call-state model (O-BCSM)
Terminating basic-call-state model (T-BCSM)
SC
SCF
Calling phone C ll d phone

Called h
O-BCSM T-BCSM
SSF

Plane
Half call is modeled as state-transition diagram
State: point in call (PIC)
Event: triggers transition; an event can be associated with a Detection
Point
Detection Point (DP)
Implementation of GFP’s POI
Points at which the SSF can suspend call processing and hand over
control to SCF

Si lifi d BCSM
Simplified
On-hook
On hook
Off-hook
T switch receives
T-switch
the call
Number dialed
Select
a circuit
Final route
ringing
Callee answer

O-BCSM for a
normal 2-party
2 party call

T-BCSM for a
normal 2-party
2 party
call

Plane
Detection Points
Trigger
gg DP: set staticallyy at the time of service deployment
p y
(e.g. 800 number detection)
Event DP: set dynamically by service logic during the
course of a call (e.g.
(e g call back on busy)
Actions at DP
Notification: the BCSM sends information to SCF without
halting process of the call
Request: the BCSM suspends call and sends a request to
SCF resumes callll when
SCF, h a requestt iis received
i d ffrom SCF
A total of 4 combinations of DP per the above

TDP-N, TDP-R, EDP-N, EDP-R

Plane
SSF mustt have
h
a mechanism for handling DPs when they are encountered during a call
a feature interaction manager (FIM) to resolve conflicts between
triggered services

Plane
Referring to the BCSM on previous slide
1. DP not armed, call continues.
2. An armed TDP-N encountered. Notification sent. Call continues
without halting.
3
3. An armed
A d TDP
TDP-R
R encountered.
t d C Callll suspended
d d while
hil a requestt
is sent to SCF. Call resumed after response is received from
SCF. The response sets a (dynamic) EDP-R later in the BCSM.
4. The previously set EDP-R encountered. Call suspended while a
request is sent to SCF. Call resumes after receiving the
p
response from SCF.

Ph i l Pl
Physical Plane
Maps from logical FEs to physical nodes
A physical node is a server that hosts software
Straightforward mapping:
Each FE mapped to a dedicated node
Typically,
Typically SSF and CCF are mapped to one SSP
SSF SCF SMF
CCF SRF SDF
Distributed Functional Plane
SSP SCP SMP

SDP
IP
IP: Intelligent Peripheral

Ph i l Pl
Physical Plane
Combine SCF and SDF into a single SCP for better performance
consideration
SSF SCF SMF
CCF SRF SDF
SSP SCP SMP
IP

Ph i l Pl
Physical Plane
“Service Node” deployment
Co-located SCF, SDF and SRF on one machine
Some switch vendors even combines these functions with the switch
(SSF, CCF)
Cheaper
p and targeted
g for small carriers
SSF SCF SMF
CCF SRF SDF
SSP SMP

INAP Protocol
P t l
INAP: IN Application Part
Defines message exchange
b t
between
SSF and SCF
SCF and SRF
Specified in terms of ASN.1
(abstract syntax notation 1)
Use TACP as transport for
ensuring transaction property

Example: Free Phone Service
S
BCSM SWITCH 1. 1-800 number recognized. Triggered a
SSP SCP SDP
Collected_Info
1
2
detection point
TDP-R
Detect initialDP(call_id, 2. SSP sends a message to SCP including
Analyze
y _Info Dialed_nbr,
Dialed nbr ‘freephone’)
freephone ) 3
requestInfo (freephoneDB,
the dialed 1-800 number
Service Logic Dialed number)
3. Service Logic function sends a
5 4 Data Function
connect(call_id, dest id)
message to SDP for number translation.
requestedInfoResponse
requestReport (
O_Answer, Service Logic (dest_id) 4. SDP returns destination number (and
O_Disconnect)
possibly charging information).
6
O_Answer TDP-N eventReport(call_id,
O_Answer, timestamp)
5. SCP sends message to switch
O_Active
Connect (including charging information) and
Service logic
reverse
indicates DPs for notification
7 eventReport(call_id,
O_Disconnect TDP-R O_Disconnect,
charging 6. When callee answers the call a DP
time_stamp)
p)
O_Null and Authorize i triggered.
is i d SSCP starts reverse charging.
h i
Connect
Origination Attempt Service logic
7. When call completes, another DP is
triggered. SCP stops reverse charging.
GFP SIBs are mapped to a sequence of program executions in FEs and INAP message
Exchanges between FEs.

CS 2
CS-2
Extensions to CS-1
Handles calls between more than two parties
Allows SCF↔SCF and SDF↔SDF
communications
i ti
Allows user interactions to use non-SS7 signaling
(
(e.g. short
h t message, TCP/IP)
Generalizes SIB model (e.g. allows recursion)

CS 3 CS
CS-3, CS-4
4
CS-3
CS-2 contains ambiguities
g causing
g difficulty
y in interpreting
p g
the specs
CS-3 is a revised version of CS-2, providing refinements
and corrections to CS
CS-22 instead of adding more capabilities
CS-4
Accommodates the needs of new era
Internet, mobile network, telecom deregulation
Voice, video, multimedia, data
Packet-switch connections
T
To date,
d t CS-1
CS 1 remains
i th
the mostt iinfluential
fl ti l and
d
widely adopted standard!!

T l di ISCP
Telcordia
Rapid-to-market
customized
services

S t
System Requirements
R i t
Availability > 99.9%
Zero data loss
SNMP fault monitoring
Performance monitoring
Capacity
p yp planning
g tools
Disaster recovery support
Vendor provide Tier 2/3 support
24x7x365 support
20 minute response time
4 hour resolution time for severity 1 issues

S l bilit R
Scalability Requirements
i t
Connectivity to many DRS servers
Current opportunity includes 10 DRS servers in 2008 growing to 20 in 2009
Not all DRS servers in same data center
Busy hour workload
Busy-hour
~3500 inserts per second per DRS server
Concurrent query workload from customer care
Current opportunity calls for 0.05
0 05 busy
busy-hour
hour queries per subscriber
24M subs in 2008, growing to 60M in 2009
Latency requirements
Time from when DRS sends the SQL command to insert a record until Customer Care
can retrieve
ti that
th t record
d should
h ld b be lless th
than 5 seconds
d 95% off th
the titime, lless th
than 10
seconds 99% of the time.
Time for customer care to receive a response to a typical query (e.g. last 15 days’ call
history for a single subscriber) should be less than 10 seconds 95% of the time, less
th 20 seconds
than d 99% off th
the ti
time
Concurrent query workload from financial systems
Typically will pull all new records once per day.
Data retention
Customer care has rapid access (as above) to last 15 days’ history.
Longer term – provide the option to engineer long-term storage for business intelligence
applications

ISCP Offered
Off d S Services
i
Hot Line — Automatically completes a call to a pre-designated
telephone number when the calling party’s terminal equipment
is “off-hook.”
Inter-Dialing — Enables the station users of private-line
service subscribers to dial other selected station users with a
1- or 2-digit code instead of 7+ digits.
Toll Usage Control — Allows a subscriber to control toll usage
by implementing toll restrictions that are tailored to specific
user needs
needs. The subscriber would have the ability to restrict
calls per user based on NXX, NPA, Time-Of-Day, Day-Of-
Week, and Day-Of-Year.

ISCP Offered
Off d S Services
i
Prepaid — Allows operators to offer services with prepaid
account and perform call control in real-time (balance check).”
Number portability – Allows subscribers to keep old phone
number when changing service provider
Black list – allows subscribers to screen calls made from
certain originating phone numbers
White list – allows only calls from certain originating phone
numbers
Caller ID – display caller phone number on receiver’s display
device
Caller Name Delivery – display caller name on receiver’s
display
p y device


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Intelligent Network

TELCORDIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY

TELCORDIA PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY 2

Basic and Hooks Hooks Hooks

NODE A NODE B NODE C

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 INCM defines four “planes”

 Global Functional Plane (GFP)

 INAP (IN Application Protocol)

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Feature Group Features

Routing Call forwarding,

Charging Reverse, premium rate, …

Access Authentication, authorization code

Restriction Call screening (both originating and terminating), …

Customization Customized ringing, customer recorded announcement, …

Miscellaneous Call waiting, automatic call-back, …

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Translate Log call info

Global Functional Plane

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Call instance data

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 Example [Calling-card call service]

Connect to destination number (4)

POI POR Basic call process POR

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Translate L callll iinfo

Global Functional Plane

SSF SCF SMF

CCF SRF SDF

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Calling phone C ll d phone

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 A total of 4 combinations of DP per the above

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SSF SCF SMF

CCF SRF SDF

Distributed Functional Plane

SSP SCP SMP

Distributed Functional Plane

IP: Intelligent Peripheral

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SSF SCF SMF

CCF SRF SDF

Distributed Functional Plane

INCM defines four “planes”

Global Functional Plane (GFP)

INAP (IN Application Protocol)

Example [Calling-card call service]

A total of 4 combinations of DP per the above