8as900011725vhzza 03

Alcatel University
Alcatel 1000 E10
CAS AND C7 CIRCUIT MANAGEMENT

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03
Edition 2001
8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 2
SUMMARY
1 CIRCUIT GROUP......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Circuit group materialisation ................................................................ 4
1.2 Free Circuit Selection Principle ............................................................ 6
1.2.1 Selecting a Circuit Managed by CAS Signalling...................... 6
1.3 Circuit group characteristics............................................................... 10
1.4 Circuit Directionalization Managed by ITU7 Signalling....................... 24
1.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 24
1.4.2 Operating Principle................................................................ 24
1.5 MMC Functions.................................................................................. 28
1.5.1 Circuit Group Management ................................................... 28
2 CIRCUIT GROUP CHARACTERISTICS FOR TESTS............................... 30

2.1 Circuit group using CAS signalling..................................................... 30
2.2 Circuit group using ITU7 signalling .................................................... 30
2.3 Hypsometer........................................................................................ 32
2.4 Circuit rapid Tests .............................................................................. 38
2.5 Psophometer ..................................................................................... 40
2.6 Continuity Tests (ITU7 Signalling)...................................................... 40
3 SIGNALLING NETWORK .......................................................................... 42

3.1 Signalling Networks Organisation ...................................................... 42
3.1.1 Networks Presentation .......................................................... 42
3.1.2 Connection Mode Between Two Exchanges......................... 44
3.1.3 Signalling Points (SPs).......................................................... 48
3.2 Signalling Network Management ....................................................... 52
3.2.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 52
3.2.2 Signalling Analysis (ANS)...................................................... 56
3.2.3 Signalling route (ASM) .......................................................... 62
3.2.4 Traffic Distribution Law (LOI)................................................. 62
3.2.5 Signalling link set (FSM)........................................................ 64
3.2.6 Signalling Channel Code (COC) ........................................... 66
©Alcatel University – September 2001

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3.2.7 Signalling Data Link (SDL) ................................................... 70

3.2.8 Traffic Flow............................................................................ 70
3.3 MMC Functions.................................................................................. 72
3.3.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 72
3.3.2 Signalling Analysis (ANS)...................................................... 74
3.3.3 Signalling route (ASM) ......................................................... 76
3.3.4 Signalling link set (NFSM) ..................................................... 78
3.3.5 Signalling Channel (COC) ..................................................... 80
3.3.6 Distribution Law (LOI)............................................................ 82
3.3.7 Traffic Flow (FLU).................................................................. 82

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1 CIRCUIT GROUP
1.1 Circuit group materialisation
A group of telephone circuits comprises at least one circuit of the same type. A
circuit group is used to connect an exchange to another exchange.
It is materialised by the functional addresses of the circuits that comprise it and its
own characteristics set by the operator command parameters entered.
The circuit characteristics correspond to different syntax's used when entering

commands or printing-out, depending on whether or not the circuit group is
managed using ITU7 signalling or not.
Circuit group sections
A section is a set of circuits (in a group), that belong to the same module (SMT -
URM) and have consecutive functional addresses (time interval TS1 in PCMi is
consecutive to TS31 in PCMi-1).
A circuit group cannot comprise more than 15 groups, the partitioning of a circuit
group into sections is performed automatically by the OM and cannot be
accessed by the operator.
The maximum size of a circuit group section is 127 circuits.

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1.2 Free Circuit Selection Principle
To set up a telephone call, the number received is analysed to obtain the routing
information required for the call, especially the circuit group to be used. In this
group, only one is selected for the call.
Selecting a circuit consists in finding a circuit that is available for an outgoing call
on the circuit group designated by the translation function.
1.2.1 Selecting a Circuit Managed by CAS Signalling
The translator (TR) has a pointer file that designates the section to be addressed
when the next call occurs, set by a traffic distribution law defined by the operator.
The section search laws comprise:
• LOI=0 Specific search depending on the number of circuits per section,
• LOI=1 Systematic search from the first section.
The MR or CC calls the TR to determine the section to be addressed and sends a

seizure message to the appropriate URM function. The message contains the
number of the first circuit and the number of consecutive circuits in the section.
The URM will search for a free circuit by randomly selecting the first circuit in the
section, then cyclically selecting the other circuits. If the URM does not find a free
circuit, the MR calls the TR again to get the address of the next section, and so
on.

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1.2.2 Selecting a Circuit Managed by ITU7 Signalling
The translator (TR) has a file of circuit groups, where the number of the telephone
link for the designated circuit group can be found.
The CC sends a message to the PUPE, to find a free CIC circuit, using a search
law defined by the operator.
The search laws depend on the controlling exchange : in a telephone call

between the source SP (OPC) and the remote SP (DPC) the controlling exchange
is the SP with the highest number.
Circuit search law :
LOI = 0 The controlling exchange takes CICs in ascending order,
The other end takes CICs in falling order.
LOI = 1 The controlling exchange takes CICs in falling order,
The other end takes CICs in ascending order.
LOI = 3 The controlling exchange takes even numbered CICs in random order,
The other end takes odd numbered CICs in random order.
This method is recommended by the ITU.
Note : The maximum number of circuit groups used for a telephone link is 16
(8 circuit groups for France).

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1.3 Circuit group characteristics
1) Characteristics common to all signalling codes
NFSC : Circuit group name. The name comprises a succession of up to five

alphanumeric characters that designate the circuit group.
GENR : Type of circuit group
GENR = E : Incoming.
GENR = S : Outgoing.
GENR = M : Both-way (e.g. ITU7 code).
GENR = TD : Data transmission (recorded announcement machine

type).
SG : Parameter that characterises the signalling code used for all group
circuits (see Appendix and CTA=VSGn).
AFCT : Functional addresses of the circuits forming the circuit group.
INDR : Code to place in front of the dialling information received prior to the
translation phase.
In the case of an incoming circuit group originating at a non E10

exchange, the code may not be sent and adding the INDR code
ensures that the translation will be the same as the translation of an
E10 exchange.
INDS : Additional dialling associated with the circuit group.
This code has various uses depending on the application. For

example, processing calls on the incoming circuit without dialling or
prior to receiving the dialling.
INDT : Code associated with a charged circuit group, for example on the
incoming group on a DDI system or on an outgoing group for detailed
billing messages.

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2) Characteristics for circuit tests
GABC : Pattern for testing group circuits.
ACE : Access code for tests (1 to 15).
INDE : Number of the remote test responder (test code number).
This is a succession of up to eight digits. Any access code

required (ACEn) is not included in it.
AEAC : Systematic test authorization
CSC : Systematic continuity test (0 to 3)
• 0 continuity test inhibited, 2-wire circuit,
• 2 continuity test enabled, 2-wire circuit,
• 3 continuity test enabled, 4-wire circuit.
CAT=AUB : Enable noise measurement for tests using the psophometer.

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3) Characteristics for ITU7 signalling code
PS : Signalling point (1 < SP < 16383), the number of the signalling

point of the remote exchange connected by the circuit group.
CIC : Circuit identification code (1 < CIC < 4095), to a given signalling
point.
The ITU recommends making the TS numbers correspond to the

5 LSBs in the CIC numbers (e.g. CIC 260 = "10000100"
corresponds to TS4).
In addition, it is preferable to not use the TS16s reserved for

channel associated signalling.
LOI : Law for outgoing or both-way circuit selection.
PCD : Percentage of directional circuits.
In the presence of this parameter, the number of directional

circuits (NCD), reserved for incoming calls, is output.
CSC : Systematic continuity test (0 to 3)
• 2 continuity test enabled, 2-wire circuit,
• 3 continuity test enabled, 4-wire circuit.

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4) Circuit group categories : CTA
VSGn : Signalling variation

This parameter is used to combine in the same signalling code,
signalling systems that use line or register signals belonging to
the same superset.
MFC : Caller identification authorization (CTA=MFC for France,
CTA=VSG2 for Export)
TIDi : Caller entity type of identification

• TID0 : Number assigned to the caller (implicit value),
• TID1 : INDS code,
• TID2 : INDS and number combination assigned to the caller.
IDI : Identification impossible (incoming circuit group)
FMP : Hold-on function possible
TR : Transit operation authorization

The simultaneous presence of TR discrimination on the incoming
circuit group and on the outgoing routing is necessary to enable
operation in transit between incoming and outgoing circuit groups.
CP : Processing priority category for incoming or both-way circuit
groups.
SRn : Access restriction category (incoming or both-way circuit groups).

This category can be used to selectively block calls to some
destinations.
FRIn : Intelligent network category
ZGn : Geographical zone category
This category, only used for incoming or both-way circuit groups,
enables routings to be indexed by using multiple routing.
It is also used to index the routing of emergency services,
depending on the geographical location of the caller.

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CACn : Routing category
This category is used to determine the routing of the calls on an

incoming or bothway circuit group.
ZTXn : Charging area
This category is used to determine the PTX for calls on an

icoming or bothway circuit group.
CAXn : Charging category
This category is used to index a PTX of a multiple PTX on an

incoming or bothway circuit group.
These three categories (CACn, CAXn and ZTXn) are only authorised in VN6
operating mode or in VN5/VN6 transitory mode. They are only used for incoming
or bothway circuit groups.

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DTC : Right to circuit charging : imposes the IDNT parameter and

generates the charge(s) for each circuit accessed
FDn : Detailed billing class for incoming calls
DCA : Incoming trunk accounting
RTT : Signalling code that sends back charge pulses (e.g. SRCT code
in France)
IDT : Systematic immediate charge indication (incoming circuit group)
PX : Sends charge messages forward
RTS : Incoming circuit group : backward meter pulse transmission
(depending on the site)
DAI : Incoming or outgoing international circuit group
DSE : Half-echo suppressor
SAT : Satellite link (incoming or outgoing)
MOB : Circuit group dedicated to calls from mobile exchange (France :
radiotelephone)
DF1 : Standardized discrimination
DF2 : Standardized discrimination
DFAn : Standardized discrimination
DFBn : Standardized discrimination
DFCn : Standardized discrimination
DFDn : Standardized discrimination
SOCn : Number of the company that owns the circuit group (CENTREX
only)
FIO : Call-back if the circuit group is busy (CENTREX only)
RAA : Incoming restriction for transgroup (CENTREX only)
TKO : Circuit group used for trunk offering
This information is used to execute some switching operations that are specific to
the trunk offering service. It is also used for incoming calls to create indexing that
will be superimposed on the routing category. It may be used for outgoing calls,
to check that the trunk offer transmission signal request made by an operator can
be accepted for this outgoing circuit group (because of the signalling).

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5) Marks on the circuit groups: MAR
This parameter is only used for searching observed circuit groups :
OBS : Additional circuit group observation
ODT : Traffic dispersion observation
OFA : Observation of incoming calls on the circuit group
OFD : Observation of outgoing calls on the circuit group
COB : Mark indicating that at least one circuit in the group is observed
STX : Circuit being monitored for charging
FDS : Circuit group that is a source and observed for observation of call
dispersion at the destination (OFDLA)
6) Circuit group alarm thresholds
TCHS : Maximum admissible percentage of out-of-service circuits (OS)
TCDF : Maximum admissible percentage of half-failed circuits (DFAU)
TCFL : Maximum admissible percentage of circuits with release time-out

conditions (BLOJ)
7) Circuit characteristics
TYC=Jx Ly Ez
A terminal circuit is characterized by its type (TYC), the combination of its

direction (Jx: GENR) and signalling system (Ly Ez: SG) used for its operation.

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1.4 Circuit Directionalization Managed by ITU7 Signalling
1.4.1 Introduction
The service provided to operators must ensure that they can protect themselves
from traffic imbalances on both-way circuit groups operated using ITU7 signalling
and thereby ensure that a minimum number of incoming circuits are always
available, even in a circuit group that is overloaded in the outgoing direction.
Examples:
• Modifying traffic flows during the winter season for ski resorts.
• After the failure of a transit exchange or a transmission trunk, rerouting

the traffic to another circuit group.
1.4.2 Operating Principle
Setting the direction of a circuit group consists in locally limiting the number of
circuits taken for outgoing traffic to ensure that a minimum level of incoming traffic
can always be processed.
The percentage of circuits for which a direction should be set for a given circuit
group, must be applied to the available equipped circuits.
The number of directional circuits is defined by default using the formula :
NCD = P x (N - I).
NCD = Maximum number of circuits taken for outgoing traffic.
P = Percentage of circuits to set for outgoing traffic only.
P = (100 - PCD) / 100: PCD is set by FSCCR and FSCMO MMC.
N = Number of equipped and initialized circuits in the circuit group.
I = Number of circuits not available for outgoing traffic in the circuit

group.
EX N = 45 I = 30 P = 95
NCD = 95 x (45 - 30)/100 = 14.25 Þ NCD = 14

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Calculating the number of circuits to directionalize is performed when:
- a circuit group is first directionalized,
- modifying the percentage of directionalized circuits,
- events occur in circuit group management:

• blocking,
• unblocking,
• circuit failure, etc.,
• following MMC, the OMC updates the translator and the UTC.

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1.5 MMC Functions
1.5.1 Circuit Group Management
Circuit group management consists in managing the component terminal circuits

and their characteristics.
Circuit group management acts on the translation tables.
FSCCR : Creates a group of terminal circuits
This command allows the operator to create a new circuit group
by assigning to it at least one terminal circuit and specifying
characteristics that are specific to this new circuit group.
FSCSU : Deletes a group of terminal circuits
This command allows the operator to delete a group of terminal
circuits.
However, prior to performing the deletion, it is necessary to block
the terminal circuits that form the circuit group.
FSCAD : Adds terminal circuits to a group
This command allows the operator to add one or more terminal
circuits to an existing circuit group.
FSCRE : Removes terminal circuits from a group
(Removes one or more terminal circuits from an existing group).
It is necessary to block the terminal circuits, prior to performing a
removal.
FSCMO : Modifies the characteristics of a group of terminal circuits
This command is used by the operator to modify the
characteristics of a circuit group, except for:
• the name of the circuit group,
• the direction of the circuit group,
• the signalling code,
• the list of terminal circuits assigned to the circuit group.
FSCIN : Interrogate a circuit group

The purpose of this command is to interrogate the characteristics
of a given circuit group along with the address and status of each
terminal circuit assigned to it.
FSCIL : Lists existing circuit groups.
This command lists the main characteristics of all existing circuit groups in the
exchange, or searches for circuit groups with specific characteristics.

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2 CIRCUIT GROUP CHARACTERISTICS FOR TESTS
2.1 Circuit group using CAS signalling
GABC : Pattern for group circuit testing
GABC=In 4-wire circuit, (Tx : 800Hz, Rx : 800Hz)
GABC=Un 2-wire circuit (Tx : 1900Hz, Rx : 700Hz)
GABC=Pn Indian 4-wire circuit, (Tx : 800Hz, Rx : 800Hz)
GABC=Nn Indian 2-wire circuit, (Tx : 1900Hz, Rx : 700Hz)
GABC=Rn Simplified R2 test (ITU Q410)
GABC=S1 Fast tests : seizure and release
GABC=S2 Fast tests : responder seizure and release
ACE : Access code for tests (1 to 15), (e.g. in France : MF Socotel)
INDE : Call number for remote test responder (test code)
A succession of up to eight numbers. The access code (ACEn),

where necessary, is not included.
AEAC : Systematic test authorization
CAT=AUB: Noise measurement authorization for psophometer tests
2.2 Circuit group using ITU7 signalling
CSC : Systematic continuity test (0 to 3):
CSC=0 Inhibit continuity test prior to set-up, 2-wire circuit
CSC=1 Inhibit continuity test prior to set-up, 4-wire circuit
CSC=2 Enable continuity test prior to set-up, 2-wire circuit
CSC=3 Enable continuity test prior to set-up, 4-wire circuit

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2.3 Hypsometer
The hypsometer is a test device that by frequency exchange, simulates the

behaviour of a subscriber during the unhooking, conversation and onhooking
phases of a call.
Depending on whether or not the exchange controls the test (is the test origin or
simply receives the test call), the test equipment is referred to as the source
hypsometer or the destination hypsometer.
Source hypsometer
This comprises a frequency generator located in the ETA (SMA in OCB283) in

the source exchange and enables transmission of test frequencies at a preset
level.
Destination hypsometer
This comprises a frequency receiver located in the ETA (SMA in OCB283) in the
destination exchange and enables detection of test frequencies received and
measures their level.
Note: When using channel-by-channel signalling, the outgoing circuits are

tested by the local exchange and the incoming circuits are tested by the
remote exchange.

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Hypsometer operating principle
Source COM COM Dest.

Hypso. Hypso.
ETA URM URM ETA
6 3 4 6
MR TR MR TR
2 7 5 7
@CIRDEM:
OM 1
@AFCT=_-_-_;
Circuit OK 8
1) Command accepted by the OM.
2) The OM requests that MR process the test on request.
MR asks TR for circuit group characteristics: SG, GABC, INDE.
3) The URM performs a seizure on the circuit, if it is free.
4) The remote URM acknowledges the seizure.
5) The remote MR asks TR for circuit group characteristics : SG, GABC.
The INDE dialling is sent and analysed in the remote MR.
Dialling corresponds to the incoming hypsometer.
6) The ETAs are called to process the hypsometric frequency exchange.
7) The MRs check the attenuation levels.
8) The test results are set to the activator terminal.

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List of test result messages
TEST OK
STP MISSING:
Proceed to send signal is missing (for channel-by-channel signalling only).
TRANSMISSION ERROR:
Error during signalling exchange (for channel-by-channel signalling only).
DEST. TEST DEV. CONGEST. OR BUSY:
The destination test device is congested or busy (for channel-by-channel
signalling only).
NO RESPONSE FROM DISTANT DEST. TEST DEV:
No response from the remote hypsometer (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
RESULT EXCEEDS TOLERANCE:
The test frequency attenuation is too high. No response by the end of the time-out
or reception exceeds tolerance.
DEST. TEST DEV. NOT RELEASED:
The remote hypsometer was not released (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
PREMATURE RESPONSE:
No response from the end of selection signal (for channel-by-channel signalling
only).
AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE ERROR:
The exchange hypsometer has generated an error.
CIRCUIT BUSY:
Circuit busy with a call.
ILLEGAL CIRCUIT:
The test is illegal : incoming or both-way circuit (non controlling exchange).
Circuit in an illegal status.
LISTENING DEVICE BUSY:
The listening device is busy.
TEST DEVICE BUSY:
The source hypsometer is not available.
IES CIRCUIT GROUP:
Systematic testing is illegal on this group.
INCORRECT TF PRESENT:
A test frequency that exceeds tolerance is present (ITU7 signalling only).

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2.4 Circuit rapid Tests
These tests are used to validate the transmission media and the switching
equipment located at each end, without requiring any specific procedures or
equipment in the remote exchange.
The fast circuit tests are carried out on circuits on which standard tests are not
possible, for example on international circuit groups, DDIs and when the remote
exchanges do not have test equipment.
For some very simple signalling codes, only the full setting-up of a call enables
complete link validation. Therefore two types of fast tests are provided :
1) Simplified tests
These comprise a minimum signalling sequence used to validate the link. This
test checks the reception of the proceed to send signal after transmission of
the seizure signal, and correct completion of the circuit release procedure.
The full duration of the test from the seizure signal transmission, is limited by a
time-out. Its duration, expressed in seconds, is reset in the record for the
circuit tests corresponding to the fast simplified tests.
2) Full test
These comprise a call sequence to a remote robot or test device. The test
comprises a responder call phase, followed by detection of the response signal
and a conversation phase. The duration of the latter phase is limited by a time-
out linked to this type of test. On time-out, the outgoing circuit is released.

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NOTES

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2.5 Psophometer
This device is used to perform measurements on noise levels, pulse correction

and attenuation. The principle retained consists in sending a signal on an
outgoing circuit and measuring the level of the signal returned.
The circuit group must be authorized to use a psophometer to measure the noise
level for test purposes (CAT=AUB).
2.6 Continuity Tests (ITU7 Signalling)
Circuit continuity is checked by correct transmission of a preset voice frequency

signal sent by a tone generator. Its reception is tested by a frequency receiver.
For 4-wire circuits :
• set up a loop on the circuit in the remote exchange, by sending a ITU7

signalling message,
• sending the loop frequency (2000 Hz) from the source exchange,
• receiving the loop frequency at the source exchange,
• checking the frequency received.
For 2-wire circuits :
• sending a frequency to the remote exchange via the circuit to be tested,
• on correct reception of the frequency, the remote exchange sends

another frequency to the source exchange,
• checking the frequency received by the source exchange.
The frequencies exchanged are 2000 Hz for the controlling exchange and
1780 Hz for the non controlling exchange.

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3 SIGNALLING NETWORK
3.1 Signalling Networks Organisation
3.1.1 Networks Presentation
The signalling network is a computer signalling network system that provides fast
and reliable transport for signalling data required for the operation of a number of
user services, including the telephone service.
8 signalling networks can be processed in the exchange (7 networks + 1 network

for CSN).
At the national level, the A1000E10 has to handle the traffic of several
independent networks. Each of them is belonging to a specific national network
characterised by the "network indicator".
Every network is identified by a network code(CRS). At operator level, the CRS is

constituted by the parameter TYR(network type). An example is shown below.
TYR CRS function

R1 or RN 1 National network 1
R2 or RL 2 Local network
R3 or RI 3 International network
R4 4 Mobile network 1
R5 5 Mobile network 2
R6 6 Multifunction national network 2
R7 7 Spare
R8 8 Spare
Locally each network is independent. Every network has is own and specific
signalling link sets (FSM) and signalling data links (COC).
Between two exchanges, there are two data exchange networks :
• the telephone network, consisting of telephone circuits (CIC - Circuit

Identification Code),
• the signalling network, consisting of signalling channels (COC - Channel

Code).
The relation between the two networks is called the "telephone relation".

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3.1.2 Connection Mode Between Two Exchanges
There are two signalling connection modes.
The associated mode
The telephone relations between two exchanges are set up directly.
A telephone relation comprises one ore more signalling link sets (up to a
maximum of 4). Each set comprises 1 to 16 COC signalling channels (for all four
groups, the maximum number of COC channels is 16).
This mode is also used in the local network.
CIC COC CIC CIC
Source CIC CIC COC CIC

Destination
CIC CIC CIC CIC
Exchange CIC CIC CIC CIC

Exchange

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The quasi-associated mode
The telephone relations between two exchanges transit via one or two STPs
(Signalling Transfer Points).
An exchange should be connected to two STPs for reliability reasons.
The signalling messages can transit a maximum of two STPs.
PTS
COC COC
CIC CIC CIC

Source Destination
COC COC
PTS

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3.1.3 Signalling Points (SPs)
The signalling point is a signalling network node that ensures transmission and
reception of signalling messages. In reception, the analysis of the message
header determines whether the message:
• will be processed by this signalling point, or
• will be transferred to another signalling point.
In the national signalling network, an exchange is identified by a SP (Signalling

Point) number.
In the local signalling network, each CSN is considered as a SP connected by a

group of two signalling channels (TS16 of PCM0 and PCM1).
The exchange has a SP number in each network.
Signalling transfer points (STP)
A signalling point for which a message received on a signalling channel is

transferred to another.
Each STP has a SP number
Signalling originating point
The signalling point where a message originates.
Adjacent signalling points (ASP)
Two adjacent signalling points are two signalling points that are directly
connected by one or more signalling channels.
Signalling destination point
The signalling point that is the destination of a message. In the telephone

network, the signalling destination point is directly connected by a circuit group of
n circuits each identified by a CIC number.

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Signalling route
The signalling route is the predetermined path represented by the organized list
of successive signalling points that will be transited by signalling messages sent
by a signalling point and destined for another specific signalling point.
Network security
To ensure signalling network security, each signalling group comprises at least

two separate signalling channels that operate using traffic load sharing, with the
additional ability of a single channel to absorb the entire traffic load when
necessary.
Traffic load sharing is also performed on all signalling link sets (FSM’s) of a given
signalling relation between two adjacent SPs as well as along the various existing
routes between two SPs.

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3.2 Signalling Network Management
3.2.1 Introduction
The translation function analyses the routing label of a message and according to
a load sharing law (LOI), determines from the analysis, the routing, the circuit
group and finally the channel to use for carrying the frame.
Routing label
A label is the information contained in a signalling message and used to identify

the specific circuit or transaction that the message corresponds to.
A routing label is the part of the message label that is used to route the message
on the signalling network. It comprises :
• the service byte (SIO),
• the destination point code (DPC),
• the originating point code (OPC),
• the signalling channel selection code (SCS).
Signalling channel selection code (SCS)
Each telephone circuit is assigned a circuit identification code (CIC). The four
LSBs of the CIC code are used to determine a signalling channel selection code
(SCS).
Examples :
• CIC = 24 (18 in hexadecimal notation), SCS = 8,
• CIC = 112 (70 in hexadecimal notation), SCS = 0,
• CIC = 120 (78 in hexadecimal notation), SCS = 8.
Load sharing is performed at two levels:
1) between the signalling link sets (FSM’s) in a given routing (LOIx),
2) between the signalling channels in a given FSM (LOIy).

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 53
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 54
Telephone signalling translation principle
ABPQMCDU
PRE-ANALYSIS
TRADz
IND IND
ACH
TYPE=1
NFSC
Signalling translation
SG=C7
PS = X PS=X
13 3 0
AFCT CIC CIC SCS

LOI x ASM
LOI y NFSM0 NFSM1 NFSM2 NFSM3
COC 0 COC 15
dialogue signalling

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 55
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 56
3.2.2 Signalling Analysis (ANS)
The signalling analysis is associated with a destination signalling point (the end
of the CIC group). It gives the routing characteristics for messages destined for
this SP.
The SP numbers in each network range from 1 to 16383.
Accessibility to this destination signalling point is given by the overall accessibility

(ACCE):
• INA : SP not accessible,
• ACP : Partial accessibility (not accessible by at least one signalling

group),
• ACT : Total accessibility,
• NCR : Not created.
The ACCE represents the accessibility of the signalling link sets that are part of
the routing (ACF0 to ACF3).
The various accessibility values of a set are :
• A : The set is available and accessible,
• I : The set is available but cannot be accessed,
• H : The set is unavailable,
• X : The set does not exist,
• R : The restricted transfer has been requested for the set (reception
of a TRO on a COC of NFSM).

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 57
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 58
Signalling point accessibility
PTS PTS
NFSM0
NFSM2
PSx PSx
NFSM1
NFSM3
PTS PTS
PS TANS ASM ACCE ACF0 ACF1 ACF2 ACF3

y X X X X NORMAL
ROUTE
EMERGENCY
ROUTE
Accessibility of the group Accessibility of the group
in position 0 for the ASM in position 3 for the ASM

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NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 60
Signalling group accessibility
Group 1 PTS PTS

Group 1 is : « I »
Group 2 is : « A » TRO
TIO
PS x
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
PTS
Group 1 PTS PTS

Group 1 is : « H »
Group 2 is : « A » TRO
PS x
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
PTS
Group 1 PTS PTS

Group 1 is : « R »
Group 2 is : « A »
TRO TRO
SPx diverts its signalling traffic destined for PS x
PS y
SPy to group 2
Group 2
If group 2 goes « H », all traffic returns to PTS
group1
TIO : Transfer inhibition order
TRO : Transfer restricted order

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 61
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 62
3.2.3 Signalling route (ASM)
A signalling route is a set of signalling link sets that use the same data rate and
error correction methods and that may be used to route traffic to a given SP.
The ASM numbers are :
• from 1 to 63 for the national network,
• from 65 to 127 for the local network.
Note: Number 64 is a reserved number.
A routing comprises :
• an ordered list of 1 to 4 link sets (NFSM0 to NFSM3),
• a traffic distribution law associated with the SCS, giving a group rank
(RANF).
3.2.4 Traffic Distribution Law (LOI)
A traffic distribution law depending on the signalling channel selection code

(SCS) is a table that gives, for each SCS code, a list of elements arranged in
falling priority order for traffic corresponding to this code.
The elements in the same law represent the position of the groups in a signalling
routing or signalling channels in a group.
A law is given as a "16 x n" matrix where n is a parameter of the law (n = number
of elements processed by the law, n ≤ 16). A "16 x n" law can process less than
n elements.
The number of laws is 31.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 63
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 64
3.2.5 Signalling link set (FSM)
A signalling link set is a set of signalling channels that have the same data rate,
that use the same error correcting methods and are connected to the same
adjacent SP.
The number of groups available is 95 in the local or national networks.
An NFSM signalling network comprises:
• an adjacent Signalling Point (SP) number,
• an ordered list of 1 to 16 signalling channels (COC),
• a traffic distribution law associated with the SCS. It gives the rank of a
channel within a group (RANC),
• the data rate of the data link (D),
• the error correcting method (CORR).
Error correction
Two error correcting methods are used :
1) The basic method (CORR=BASE), based on sending positive or negative

acknowledgements.
A negative acknowledgement invalidates all the messages received after the

one notified in the negative acknowledgement.
This method cannot apply to long transmission durations (such as when using
satellite links).
2) The error correcting method using preventive cyclic retransmission

(CORR=RCP).
This enables automatic retransmission of messages for which positive

reception acknowledgements have not been received.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 65
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 66
3.2.6 Signalling Channel Code (COC)
The signalling channel code is the number of the signalling channel (0 to 15)
relative to an adjacent SP.
A signalling channel comprises:
• the level 1 element, the signalling data link (SLD). This represents the
physical medium (TS to adjacent SP),
• the level 2 element, the multiplexed signalling terminal (TSM).
Multiplexed signalling terminal (TSM)
A multiplexed signalling terminal corresponds to an ML PUPE sequence number

in an SMA station. The multiplexed signalling terminal fulfils the signalling
channel functions for "n" channels.
A multiplexed signalling terminal channel (VTSM) is a physical channel number in

a TSM terminal.
Virtual signalling terminal (TSV)
When a group of signalling channels is created or when one or more channels

are added to an existing group, each channel is assigned to a virtual signalling
terminal. This assignment is set during the software or hardware
reconfigurations. It can only be modified by operator command.
A TSV is assigned by software to a TSM.
For defensive reasons, the operator distributes the channels of a group among
different TSVs. The COC - TSV - VTSV link given when the operator command
was entered does not vary over time and two COC codes belonging to the same
group assigned to two different TSV terminals will never be used by the same
TSM terminal.
At a given time, a TSV - VTSV number is assigned a TSM - VTSM number.

Combining COC codes behind unchanging TSV entities allows the operator a
stable vision of signalling resources regardless of possible station failures.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 67
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 68
Signalling channel status (ETCS)
For the operator, the status of a signalling channel is determined by three

components:
- An activity component:
NAFF : Channel not assigned to a signalling group (channel does not
exist).
NCNT : Channel not connected (SLD - signalling terminal connection not
set up).
The data link is physically interrupted.
INAC : Inactive channel (failed).
INIT : The data link is being aligned (initialization).
ACTI : Active channel (data link in service).
- A blocking component:
NBLO : Channel not blocked (no blocking in progress).
BLOM : Channel blocked manually (locally blocked by the operator).
BLOS : Channel blocked by the system (error condition).
BLOD : Channel blocked by the remote signalling point.
BLOT : Channel blocked manually, locally by the operator and by the
remote SP (BLOM + BLOD).
- An inhibition component:
INHL : Local inhibition
NINH : No inhibition
INHD : Distant inhibition
INHT : Total inhibition
Difference between a manually blocked COC(BLOM) and a locally inhibited COC

(INHL).
1st case (BLOM): The communication with the remote SP is totally interrupted.
(impossibility of level 3 message transmision).
2nd case (INHL): The remote SP can transmet level 3 message.
(COC management).
Example:
• 2 SP link by two COC. One is ACTI+NBLO, the second one is BLOM
If the active COC goes faulty, the 2 SP become inaccessible.
• 2 SP link by two COC. One is ACTI+NBLO, the second one is INHL
If the active COC goes faulty, the remote SP is able to put back in service
the inhibited COC and the link is still valid.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 69
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 70
3.2.7 Signalling Data Link (SDL)
The signalling data link is the both-way transmission path used for signalling and
which comprises two data channels operating simultaneously in opposite
directions at the same binary data rate.
The signalling data link between two E10 exchanges has a 64-Kbps data rate.
On a PCM digital link, the signalling data link occupies a time slot (TS) in the
range 1 to 31, except if at least one of the circuits carried by the PCM link is
controlled using channel associated signalling, inhibiting the use of TS 16 as the
medium for the SDL link.
In normal operation, the SDL link must be permanently set up between the two
signalling terminals using semi-permanent connections.
Note(s) : To ensure complete independence between them, signalling data links

that are part of the same signalling group, should use physically
different paths.
The characteristics of data links are as follows:
TYLD : LD type (TYLD=1 for RN and TYLD=2 for RL).
NLD : LD number (1 to 255).
SRV : Service number (ex:SRV=RN).
ILS : Data link identification in the service (e.g. ILS=LD00001).
AFCTE : Functional address of the COC channel on the PCM.
3.2.8 Traffic Flow
The traffic flow management operator commands enable:
• modifying traffic flows to ensure equitable sharing of the number of ITU7

signalling channels managed by each ML PUPE,
• outputting the ITU7 channels handled by each ML PUPE and the groups
that are not processed. This case occurs in the event of a double failure.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 71
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 72
3.3 MMC Functions
3.3.1 Introduction
SP SEQUENCE
SIGNALLING ANALYSIS ANSIN
SIGNALLING ROUTING ASMIN
TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION LAW FOR FSMs LOIIN
SIGNALLING GROUP FSMIN
DISTRIBUTION LAW FOR COCs LOIIN
DATA SIGNALLING LINK LDIL
SIGNALLING CHANNEL

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 73
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 74
3.3.2 Signalling Analysis (ANS)
ANSCR : Analysis creation
This enables the assignment, to a given SP on a local or national

type network, a signalling routing number.
Following this creation, the system performs a check on the

analysis by testing the accessibility of the SP via all the link sets
of the assigned routing.
ANSMO : Analysis modification
The modification is made to the signalling routing that affects a

given SP. During the modification, there is no loss or repetition of
messages.
As in the case of creation, the system performs a check on the

new analysis.
ANSIN : Signalling analysis interrogation
The results of this consultation will give the overall accessibility

status of one or more SPs, the routings associated with these
SPs and the accessibility status via each group for each signalling
routing.
ANSIL : Signalling point listing
This command is used:
• to identify signalling points that point to a given routing,
• to identify signalling points that are in a given accessibility

status,
• to identify all signalling points in the national network whose

analysis is created, if no parameter is indicated in the
command.
ANSSU : Deletes a signalling analysis
• for the local network, the system checks that the CSN no
longer exists,
• for the national network, the system checks that there are no
more telephone relations with this SP.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 75
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 76
3.3.3 Signalling route (ASM)
ASMCR : Creates a signalling route
This command is used to assign a signalling route number, a

sequenced list of signalling channel link sets and a traffic
distribution law number.
The system checks compatibility between the law and the number
of sets, taking into account the availabilities left in the list of sets.
ASMSB : Substitutes a signalling route
Substitution is used to modify the characteristics of a signalling

route, without loosing or repeating messages sent to SPs whose
analysis uses the affected signalling route.
ASMIN : Interrogate a signalling route
The results of this consultation give the characteristics of one or

more signalling route in service.
ASMSU : Deletes a signalling route
This command deletes a signalling route that is no longer used by

a signalling analysis function.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 77
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 78
3.3.4 Signalling link set (NFSM)
FSMCR : Creates a signalling link set
The link set is created with a single signalling channel. In addition

to the input data, the system will generate:
• the virtual channel number (VTSV) selected for the channel,
• the multiplexed signalling terminal (TSM) and the VTSM

channel corresponding to the TSV-VTSV (physical entities in
relation to logical entities),
• the status of the channel on completion of command

execution, in the for: activity component - blocking component
(e.g. INAC + BLOM or NCNT+BLOM).
FSMMO : Modifies a signalling link set
The modification of a link set only takes effect at the traffic

distribution law level. The other characteristics can only be
changed by deleting then recreating the link set.
• modifying the number of the traffic distribution law within a

signalling link set where all the channels are in INAC+BLOM or
NCNT+BLOM states.
• the new law used must be compatible with the maximum

number of channels in the link set.
FSMAD : Adds a signalling channel to a link set
Additions are only allowed if the channel to add is in NAFF status.
The system performs the connection between the data link (SDL)
and the channel selected from the virtual signalling terminal
(TSV). The channel thus added is set to INAC+BLOM or
NCNT+BLOM states.
FSMRE : Removes signalling channels from a link set
With the channel in INAC+BLOM or NCNT+BLOM states, the

system uncouples the VTSV - VTSM entities and the signalling
data link. Removing the last channel is not allowed.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 79
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 80
FSMSU : Deletes a signalling link set
This command is used to delete a signalling link set (along with

the channels that it contains) and thus makes the number
available. For each channel, the system performs disconnection
between the SDL and the VTSM channel.
FSMIN : Interrogates a signalling link set
The results of this command are used to determine the

characteristics of one or more link sets along with the identity and
status of its component signalling channels. In the absence of
parameters, outputs cover the link sets created on the national
network.
3.3.5 Signalling Channel (COC)
CSMMO : Modifies the status of signalling channels
Modifying a signalling channel allows the execution of one of the

functions listed below :
• channel activation,
• channel de-activation,
• channel blocking,
• channel unblocking.
CSMIN : Interrogates signalling channels
This command outputs the various characteristics of the signalling

channels.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 81
NOTES

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 82
3.3.6 Distribution Law (LOI)
LOIIN : Interrogates a law
By reading the corresponding tables, the following information is

obtained:
• the law number,
• the number of entities managed by the law,
• for each SCS, a list in falling priority level of the ranks of the
entities that the law can apply to (entities: signalling channels
and link sets).
LOIIL : Listing by law
For a given law:
• performs a search in the table of groups that use this law.
3.3.7 Traffic Flow (FLU)
FLUMO : Modifies the traffic flow.
FLUIL : Lists traffic flows.

8AS 90001 1725 VH ZZA Ed. 03 83
NOTES

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Alcatel University

Alcatel 1000 E10

CAS AND C7 CIRCUIT MANAGEMENT

2 CIRCUIT GROUP CHARACTERISTICS FOR TESTS............................... 30

3 SIGNALLING NETWORK .......................................................................... 42

©Alcatel University – September 2001

3.2.7 Signalling Data Link (SDL) ................................................... 70

©Alcatel University – September 2001

1.1 Circuit group materialisation

The circuit characteristics correspond to different syntax's used when entering

Circuit group sections

The maximum size of a circuit group section is 127 circuits.

©Alcatel University – September 2001

©Alcatel University – September 2001

1.2 Free Circuit Selection Principle

1.2.1 Selecting a Circuit Managed by CAS Signalling

The section search laws comprise:

• LOI=0 Specific search depending on the number of circuits per section,

• LOI=1 Systematic search from the first section.

The MR or CC calls the TR to determine the section to be addressed and sends a

©Alcatel University – September 2001

©Alcatel University – September 2001

1.2.2 Selecting a Circuit Managed by ITU7 Signalling

The search laws depend on the controlling exchange : in a telephone call

Circuit search law :

LOI = 0 The controlling exchange takes CICs in ascending order,

The other end takes CICs in falling order.

LOI = 1 The controlling exchange takes CICs in falling order,

The other end takes CICs in ascending order.

The other end takes odd numbered CICs in random order.

This method is recommended by the ITU.

©Alcatel University – September 2001

©Alcatel University – September 2001

1.3 Circuit group characteristics

1) Characteristics common to all signalling codes

NFSC : Circuit group name. The name comprises a succession of up to five

GENR : Type of circuit group

GENR = M : Both-way (e.g. ITU7 code).

GENR = TD : Data transmission (recorded announcement machine

AFCT : Functional addresses of the circuits forming the circuit group.

In the case of an incoming circuit group originating at a non E10

INDS : Additional dialling associated with the circuit group.

This code has various uses depending on the application. For

©Alcatel University – September 2001

©Alcatel University – September 2001

2) Characteristics for circuit tests

GABC : Pattern for testing group circuits.

ACE : Access code for tests (1 to 15).

INDE : Number of the remote test responder (test code number).

This is a succession of up to eight digits. Any access code

AEAC : Systematic test authorization

CSC : Systematic continuity test (0 to 3)

• 0 continuity test inhibited, 2-wire circuit,

• 1 continuity test inhibited, 4-wire circuit,

• 2 continuity test enabled, 2-wire circuit,

• 3 continuity test enabled, 4-wire circuit.

CAT=AUB : Enable noise measurement for tests using the psophometer.

©Alcatel University – September 2001

©Alcatel University – September 2001

3) Characteristics for ITU7 signalling code

PS : Signalling point (1 < SP < 16383), the number of the signalling

The ITU recommends making the TS numbers correspond to the

In addition, it is preferable to not use the TS16s reserved for