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THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Expresses events or situations that exist always, usually, habitually;


they exist now, have existed in the past, and probably exist in the
future.

+ -- ?
S + Do/Does + not + Do/Does + S + V1
Verbal S + V1 +___
V1 +___ +___
Nomin S + to be + S + to be + not + non-
To be + S + non-V
al non-V V

Expresses situation happening now (doesn’t mean “sedang me…”)


Eg. He likes reading a thriller.
Hamasaki is my teacher.
He needs a pen right now.

Expresses general situation / general truth (in the past, now, and
probably in the future)
Eg. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
There are seven days a week.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

Expresses present habitual


Eg. He goes to Japan every Sunday.
They get holiday every Saturday.
Naoki always eats bread every morning.

Verb Changing (for singular pronoun subjects: she, he, it, singular)
Adds –es or –s for verb:
o Eg. undergoes
undergoes,, redoes
redoes,, overdoes
overdoes..
e Eg. escapes
escapes.
y (followed by) Eg. decays
decays.
y (followed by consonant, ‘y’ becomes ‘i’) Eg. flies
flies,, cries
cries..
ss, ch, sh, x Eg. passes
passes,, pitches
pitches,, accomplishes
accomplishes,, mixes
mixes,, fixes
fixes..

Adverb of time
every … once twice now and then …
times
usually sometimes often occassionally
seldom, etc.
always nowadays on and off

Melahirkan : Bear bore born


THE SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Expresses the idea that an action is in progress during a particular


time.

(+) S + to be1 + Ving +___


(-) S + to be1 + not + Ving +___
(?) To be1+ S + Ving +___

Expresses events happening right now


I’m looking for the key. [from a particular time in the past, I began to
look for the key, and I am still in progress at the present time, and
probably will continue]
He is sleeping right now. [from a particular time in the past, he began
to sleep, and he is still asleep right now. His sleep began in the past, is
in progress at the present time, and probably will continue]

Expresses events happening right now, but don’t mean those


events are happening when the statements are spoken
He’s studying English and learning Japanese this year. [doesn’t mean
that he is studying English and Japanese right now when the statement
is spoken)

Expresses fix future


Expresses events that will certainly happen in the future. The
key is adverb of time.

I’m going to Kyoto next week.


I’m watching TV at 9. [now is 7 o’clock, or before 9]

Nonprogresseive Verbs
The verbs are not used in any of the progressive tenses. These verbs
describe states (condition that exists); they do not describe activities
that are in progress.

He knows that book. [“He knows” describes a mental state that exists]
He’s reading that book. [an activity in progress]

Common nonprogressive verbs


know; realize; understand; believe; feel; imagine;
Mental state
doubt; remember; want; need; forget; think
Emotional
love; like; dislike; hate; fear; care
state
Possession possess; have; own; belong
Sense
taste; smell; feel; hear; see
perception
Other seem; look; cost; owe; be; exist; appear; weigh

However, some nonprogressive verbs are also commonly used as


progressive verbs, with a difference in meaning.

Nonprogressive (existing Progressive (activity in


Verbs
state) progress)
think I think he is a kind man. I’m thinking about this grammar.
I’m having trouble. She’s having a
have He has a car.
good time.
taste This food tastes good. The chef is tasting the sauce.
smell These flowers smell good. He is smelling the roses.
I see a butterfly. Do you see
see The doctor is seeing the patient.
it?
feel The cat’s fur feels soft. She is feeling the cat’s fur.
She looks cold. I’ll lend her
look I’m looking out the window.
my coat.
appea
He appears to be asleep. The actor is appearing on the stage.
r
A piano is very heavy. It
weigh The grocer is weighing the bananas.
weighs a lot.
be I am hungry. Tomomi is being foolish.

Simple Present and Present Continuous

Ex. I (wait) am waiting for the train. It (seem) seems to be late again.
1. They (hold) are holding a small party this evening. They
(celebrate) celebrates their son’s birthday.
2. She (change) changes her friends all the time. People (like)are
(like)are
likes to talk about her.
3. The world (face) facing an energy crisis. The supply of fuel (not,
keep) doesnt keep up with the demand.
4. It (rain) is raining heavily. She (not, want) doesnt want to go
out now.
5. He may be young, but he (understand) understands what you
(tell) are telling him now.
6. Nobody (notice) noticies her efforts to improve her work. This
(hurt) is hurting her a lot.
7. She (wish) wishes to speak to you. She (wait) is waiting outside
now.
8. The cat (belong) belongs to Misaki. He (teach) is teaching it
some tricks now.
9. This book (consist) consists of 400 pages. I (try) am trying to
finish it.
10. What (he, do) does he doing to his car? It seems that he
(polish) polishs it.
11. “What (you, do) are you doing this evening?” “I (stay) am
staying at home.”
12. Our teacher seldom (sit) sits when he (teach) is teaching.
teaching.
I (wonder) wonder why he (do) is doing so now. Perhaps he (not,
feel) doesnt fell well.
Alasan penggunaan teaching karena disini penggunaan.
13. Junko (come) is coming to see me this evening. (You,
know)Do
know)Do you know why he (want) wants to see you? I (think)
think he (need) needs some advice.
Disini wants menggunakan s karena tidak ada penggunaan does
pada awal kalimat tanya,,dan pada bagian awal sudah ada do
14. “I (hear) hear you leave the country shortly.” “Yes, I
(go)am
(go)am going to Japan. I (expect) am expect to be away about 3
months.”
15. “What (he, do) does he do for a living?” “He (buy) buys
and (sell) sells antique furniture.”
16. When water (freeze) freezes,
freezes, it (change) changes into
ice. (Truth)
17. She (fry) is frying some fish at the moment. She (not, like)
doesnt like fish, but her husband (love) loves it.

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