SUMENT NO OCOcO22 THE UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY cOPY NO aoocarg MPLOYMENT OF Forces UNDER THE HWwest Paciric ComMAaNp Military Analysis Division February 1947 Aemeranars ra‘TABLE OF CONTENTS eae 2 a e us Ps aHive of the campaigns in the ser is. eomps ead from th of forves Plans; Gen netions, 0 series of rel ore. prt be historical Southinst of ik ‘aid fue eral Hele lated pra G aud Division. historral gleted operations; dia dense waning. the ‘and histories of the However, data reported mds charged with the in have been includ, the ove in lines of Southwest ieee upon al efecto faction ean Pacific gave Soncepts and techiignes lutionary of theee— Biron previ method pane ip * rt abou he nad eal idea dynamic tdernbly ns megane ‘rather than ang the ee emerges from in the Southwest ‘the early defensive objective of Fin which new ir buses ‘purpose of extotl- Mi ‘choiee airernft, Tt cof grou ‘hjcetins and the range of these objectives were Aictated by eonsidoraton of the subauquent value which these objective would assume es base i to extend eit power. Th attaining 3 objretive tro important consider: Sons gered the sopement of he Ain ale 1. The customary tactic was toxin at least local ait superiority Bao Inuneing any Magee el tack andi woe conn the oj pant the spiere of ai auperorty wy upidly as new ces could be captured or omarastod, 2.The air echclons: were depended upon to isolate each separate exey ebjective pig to the nal assault by the sts'ace forces, w well as to provide air cover and dizeet support fer Ghee Surface units as they aoved infor che Kill ‘Dring the eampuigas in the Southwest Paci prior ta-Tlollania. Use tactics were followed, Inuking use of land-taned. aviation exchivel At Holla, beens of distances involved, lose Support by CVE. anc Hank support hy the feat carir tsk ei td bees elie allow fredoon of action by the CVE’, nthe invasion of Lyte, when intligence este nave indiated an exceptional Spans wi weak it wus decided to mit the phased preinya- ‘ow of Mindanao whee land-based fights eould ihe bon deployed. Tt was glannel fo fumish Il sp vuppore. from carrer bases except that ‘ihich could. be fried by the long-range Trmbersof the Fifth AR, until November 1044 ‘then hw rar land bases would be weitble Tor sustained ope ‘Hinds ght shows thet iatligenee upor which this plan wos based uedorestimated the expacity CPA fapanese ic and aval forens 60 react al gunfr and Kamikaze at tacks Tektoed, to n-dangeroes degree, the expect of lin avaiable CVE tofu bth eves the rings and close supper for Ue ground apent= drain o7 October 1044 this nduedon fa 1 iy of the CVE's acest the acoptaney SAMS is of complete responsiblity Tor aitoi thes yng estan outpost pot lied counters en Bisons cory Mik othe Slow Fie Solomons, Nev Dri Se rolablo intexvona opment an expiesin abou aftor the nespe rc lied opposition mate futher Interrogation i ane military and naval stratrist- Tira Jpanese blow: fie mainland to tho 5 Gigmass semis ¥' a fest and, inthe i i ire the British sre ienund-dsth i to cen in ls fo sfeunnd ber 14 fait. ‘he burden of gly upon the Tb thnat Axia-Paciie fieongth that yiowover, 05 »° fork which the could exert Wis further limited by ihe resident Roosevelt and Prine Ip meoting. in Washinzon in ed to concentrate first on ‘They did wot have the w deck Sieve {0 be idasgerous enemy. K pi foxes inthe field ported an kept inthe var. n Europe, operation i iteated st containing the ypcigas —At Pearl Haror, Wie United States. Pace @f Wales and the baite fen to the botion off th ‘Thore remained in Nethor- Blots some American, Duty avexwhelming sup fayulable at well developed to Formosa and he United States Air Fo completely destroy ‘southyeard Gen, Douglas Nac Arthor in Brith Imperial 111 Coxps Tand the concentration of Phose vero not capable of etion without substantial fair strength Loot nie most entirely destroyel by ir attacks from both wry bombers of Genera! flown to Darwin wilh A Hines of communication, b Philippines, ad coopers sree in Australia and to our Lavon gurtco ine ea ee well-defined are i‘ : a trom do United Stat ha ape ag wre 1a ee ae i te eee Peres i Git ae a ce si a a See eae ae ba Aiof the Gilbert Islands Ow seized Lito and Salaaus New Guinoa. 7 hugh the South Paci fan —The Alin Te directed gains: D: pth alrendy under 1 at Darvin. might be bt0 the Alliod forces ood ffferive wesinst north Gull of Carper By would eliminate i fof an advance #21 that there were? a0 |New Guinea, Ambon, Mes Teva AU di di f Unbont 90 renal ro Hor operstions #5 p—The forces vl oppese a further 2654 se pantculasly in air pakness had of which were to one division already in Bes anc epproximately ai Military. Forces tr taco. Tho civilian force mel and equipped. Ti loree had epprosimately ine, im sore of hich fof Eoth planes an trained dd in general, with infer Titaited its eapabitities so find reconnaissance. 6 Royal Australian Naxy hid, fowsness—aud by critical fronts. The War Ds io full strength he rop, and threo pursuit fine to provide udition “exception of field arsilc gio American grount he theater, however, th fen for the protection of ant, almost equal in with coastline 12,000, ad rail networks of pacity and did nt fo troops, Principal the const and were ftigck. Darvin pom ith the rest of che ‘ard ‘Tasmania depended toxniianieation. ‘These ete rapid concentration to oppave Japanese witioas, March 19/2—-Tho eke of their forces fdsbane-Melbourne whew fe principal food-pre= acing ney dd bt pre wt ata fr, tae gs eo the military planners, ae Wrcrs Antes cot Data ‘hortar Islay td Town Boa a ‘cir relati i - ie Hehe Bet natin ae ee cacned ae ae a ue oe se ee ey ore ret ee tine, eno ee he eer Se cg the Bat nd ome a tO ete (ee i Sa of Sa oa are Sate ale pn oe iit or a el fe ane aa : eo Pa ay Path, Sutin justi vided.‘flensivo. and hick ward advaine by destroy Fabd bases in the Fs ‘of Japan. b necemiry for the suid fon and for support fs, and support the op ti forces, Both Geveral Nimite vere o 0 Mh itil stops of ih th South ont So De (of is comment tes os tf months for is so Mangely in the ae cant live. T° Paneiean vit Boar months of aura fore wold rac ssa lambat. Tho aly eee @Sist and Seen Ausra ito rene a Mivisins, Ono sain Bg ora contin, ut Bn very indir sie Bt a ould be prepare he and intensive efor hi balived that te Whe Paco demanded « the foes llorted to in lapse of major resistance i thin thon nla cu wvorey defeated the Allied 1d wore pushing comple sy, The troops in Malays ast Indies could be te tebsewhero since large ga ped in thoso critorie, as as yet unchallenged feaemy thus. would ive movis which would hed in tho Western jenst Asin. In their south and extaishe a sri f eoptinied advance ndated Islands provi deeraed it of tho utmos fidequate. security. fo Je Osean rea, thus mai ital defense sl a lank Thoaile sdvance. ‘This, followed at the eas offensive action or 0 sul dispositions. He wzteed “in Washington that the nant importance anc its maximum support nee could be trunsportee fe scone front was scl 7 el ha. this his pinion ly Ian youl permit the Soviet 1nd use ec protect Aen alist ay on te sith st Fira,” Cael Nach tb a a rlKoemy planes iomtrollable to tein Port More 7 Montegic victor fe th Brigade, In adie to mid Lae and Salamsun AY preparation of tha Gpbure and hold them for x further hove offen Flores wid air transport for onelgted ofa snl for mown as the New Guinea fein‘oreed Australia in By Bart: were already at Wat, Teenter in the Oven-Stan ed to Lae anv Salar foffens:re action. "The rid fend. of June, and no devie Kanga Force Under almost prokibitive in omer to pro eure the erest of Brigade nnd the Papuas is org nized on 21 June for fon the nore slope: denice that the Jupanse Dative tail from Bun ot a ‘Moresby, aa to prevent an eens tains along that route fon, about 2 native fas already north thy ef the Australian bat qi overiand in ously uly emained in the Port tae improvement of the f trai, but rely © ment if neces feast flank of the Now rovide additional forward Inetion, General Heed: ment of an nirdrome 7A eeinforced intents company, sus engin ard antvieraft- unit seetpit the tito the wee ne Iter part of fu and beam aap. Ranged Miroir oe shih ee ill hfe Foes was nity pls Shy une ie Tae Foe Bae om of he ret an in a tonto tht ade by tifores at Darwin an nthe York Fenn, rriton of an sre was guna Merk fon the sith cout of Datch New Guinn, Ale Unagh the projet was tory seed Augint when the engineer elo wa ese eae tla vos kept at Meese fo deg to the of Midhony —Whle the Southwest Pacific ca wus thus engaged, in the Centzal Pacific naval battle was foxght that drastically changed the sttageie situation, Saon after the roti mst ae Sapne fem th Ca 8 powerful omeutration of snemy naval foros in Home waters was reported. The United States Pacific Fest, weting on dhe best estimate a: the sitnation, prepared to met an attack eastward Gp 8 dune the eneny sie sighted southwest of ‘Midway, end carer iret from the Torben prise, and. Hornet woeatedly batiered the “Topanesd ahi, eickng fe aera carina and sent teney eruiser, One cruiser and several dex Soyer were damaged. American loser were the Yortiow ent one des The dedhive vietory reaiored to the Allies so- pernsity i the nir over te Pacie, Thereafter, perape for Aleutians vere the Japanese aed fon Atv aul Kil iy operations were confined the ~The seat ais of Stall wire immediatly enabled to adopt amore ative pa eT Aled Strate, Jey 1942:—Ceo, Gots oo atathal, Chie! of Sif of the Army of the oe States, and Genal Macdrther cought Unie ihe changed station by. concentra i oe eens 1 ahe Sacthvest Pacific at (0 fick rive che enemy buck to Trak, i Ue rane ad Weak on New Guinea Caron oe, commune in eh of the United rat Anal Chol of Naval Operation ee Sit Fe imate te one Mend pow ce command 0 Tinos oF eee Abe Machiviace in. tie Nefieslands East Taeg suitable ie int the suthers Slamiens unde a se Robert 1, Chrrmley, commander of the South Pacife are.‘of the obectives and by slemants. or va an. assault upon i ‘ade with one taskforce jong tho rorth const of fin. succession Lue-slans jouerster-Telasen-Mslans task forces were onl taban, Since the South + trnined amphibious 2 riecteary for Ia fof four infantcy 2 fe overland from Port "Bua grior to the 20 eluding. antiaterat operation fader cover of tsar forestalled by the siya eine offensive in ‘hose Japanese troop f the Nonkui Delach- fF command of Maj. Gen a sent sal spear- ft that mfantry Bettaion ard an the Maroubra. Fos leaned, but only 30 €) Kokoda and iis londi fenders back to. Denis By 20 insure the reten: fe Owen-Stanleys. In view the Deliove probabie that [would be Limited to the jase only, ltioues the flassact on Port Mores! % offensice—While Alva | originally planned was sles. preliminary to tak- ay ordered. New Guinea is extended to include all sy Gisins, in addition to A to place at least mo ‘Trail atthe ealiest fire Kolcoda airdrome rete along the noith Jan movement from on ‘of the ofesive, both pesjectdarnpibio Sas augmented 10 oth Southavest Pulte ate Pace sic ete mison_of ‘he Aled Air Foro: dai this peo ast tes the neni ont is al ld ital hs shipping; to prove clan support. sions; and to provide land and sea stem, foc ois nto the York Peni nd New Guin us rapidly a8 the competion af siniromes ad nitnd shipsing. reso. p P Aug 10, seal of li 8 rsrcted by the availablity of oper ational ie wis win rnge of shemy: ata Tnkions ‘Sips ad been structed bm the rninland of Australia iw eticipaton of & apa drive south from Raeul, ‘These atte within fighter seage of the aone of bling in New Guinen. Boabers tartig fs Anraln for the task of stiking Japanese in the LaeSalamaia ates a spport of Sou nt te” Rabu Nortuer of South Pace eto found it nwcosary te atige by on sac rv. To ed rks tnd buen cor ple for heavy bors, me for me vo for fers Tren more and one fomber fel. were expecta to be ready by: September, At Milne Bay one fel, in opration for purstie planes, was expeeted to be rudy hoary bomers hy 25 Atgist, and two other heavy boner seis weet under consinicien Gi the York Peninsula twe howry bomber fe fone fighter fe weet ezmpleted, with theve llitinaal heavy bomber ills expected tobe quate fits. bad Tea cmplete in tho Towa Cancun 2s realy in Spon Banc pepation= The Thy seoa a Dina, i 1 Te asive operand fo aa a oe comma, pela, ea ag ant ea ro prs Lt Gombe I Eid toi aing Genel, T Corps, ahd i tar Geant Segre enh Marth sano, et i would Bei Mature to the, hemigquares of Athct to the normal mea seve tops srs ah somal dha Ti ord to deal mors setvly wth Tg problems, Geural Headquarters dreteg Gs fot BBS et north nd, maton Us Gratecs peste eee Cone! Certara! Saris Ca rene ove the moun. tnd under Brig. Gon, DeigtR dofun, Uae Barrer Nocay Salen Arny. This og? tcc feel Be a ccly uni New Gules ere oy cea et tebe cy ete the dt ad a nivny series may repos ea the rreript, storage, and distribution of suppliess tes Campesin be New Gansu estes epeaiog Of tho dude eesti coc) Pan eat Sime cet For three uxes of advaneo: by and Milae Bay. a Hip Kekodn Tels wile, "The esetrie loge unl vay was tat by he the Owen-Steales vast Sorenth Dibion buck wees the Kekoln Tel b the enemy line of eom- ‘The advan began on 20 September and as fon slong te sock cout spasheadl by the Twas th Brigden Beal eaduarcre sc the foc The Sich Diba as rea Btisteroasthoeccuing Port Moray Besiestrom the Orslane stack. Totalva fll tothe A Bok the Kokoti-Buna ‘Tru September afer the main eens body ected Bieta te occpation i dfemes and witht epily atime PeGipnocicant ol New Furuta delayed by te bad vate of aad (Allvere(o be coulinucl ant weather condins woh nerfed wi etic Cone we. copring oval bi Bete Por. Morsby during slonente we m contact Fie the.cruncesacive of the range in the Templo Cr Heat and iwoginents Cre nea Tr th Japan fought eels Bee a Ou Vdrel omen me of wel-perand postions on Bik Eo Rie Ome tneat'ot ground donating the nl. Th lat of thr eens ith nfo sree athe na of the mons wh Blamoy arrived at Port _ Ou 2 November the Beas er Ge Seyenth Dian oad Koko tn Pe Genenl Rowe stn Be er Rar rs Minors, og of te Thin Dee Eat the ckpping resources vision had been assigned the task of operating eee nae ie ‘he mountains eaat cf Port Moresby, Two a eT, fet Moe Two pestis. Base ine ners comer, on om Hs Jeu ening soe role tr tom Abn oe, i te On Mg protection of store Mundvel od Desir ae fd ain wee astral ey une te Sa pera pesctinly nor ivtion, tho One Funded and, Twenty Se nt Weng» Toney, dapatced a ecforeel BAAD, ities Ted to, be de rugged tral fom Rig ‘The problem of Sis ia SPE veut of «ne fe ficularly in the curly PIs PET ace could be further develped and agin the camiy GS eh nny wt be pel rom Guinea. Under con Twenty. a Bates proportion of Ausialin ed wl ese wero established at Koboda Trail they could greatest weixh! of a a Port Monty they reinfowed supplies considesab | Wieteas the Own Sis “Merraby and Ke is precipitous vidzes ou 1 to 9,000 foot Tig and slopes gevily [the constal ph pratinn cot hs tho extn the saris of sable woke sed alas the seco Teute, B‘troops who bud si when Allied ai diel they were fn Milne Bay Pdapanese evacucied ‘ening in occ shortage of mt. fhe i nigh wien Season, asters ‘and Kinjaki en to aid in tow ft Battle at the ent gent ad taken place OULD Weeks, Dut imc HECHT Which vost ty Wasp ant sever dc Miapanise Inds! reinforce flmest nightly, ani by Bishone more than & division again assembling to Ui Bight: of 11 October an lestroxer group interes) bbe Bsperanes, sinkine or ME vessels andl causing the BW. Despite this sioce ly ritel. tions in Uae Kaban Gl five or six battlshi jes, while the America Ips ard ivo caries rom ‘Lis naval snpevorty fof surface movement marino activity seriously mit and resupply tothe ew Guinoe was, in "Twelve sub ‘enrol equip lity in strikes on fine supply snstalltio Ghortiern Solomons, using Hi support of the New MacAvthur was in svith Admiral Ghormley, Bas given is requests Souls thn Mah ed Die ied Sate yeet the critical situation. es weet Re dapat nol able avy brs be Mace Gen Heat Bunce ene mata ans apart es ot inaio of abilities for offensive setion in the Southwat Pei Uh plan envio tte pla a Ans alr the ie of ts Owe Stan Reng to allout vdhinwal an preperation To le stand a maj effort to Knee Acai oto tha Title of Senta Crus.-On 18 October Ad, lian F. they dled Adm ie inthe South Pei am, Oa the ht of 33 October thn dapanee bea 5 pom la nein the Cantonal ee al le when the mal eebed took od navel nie southwan in frac Ete bat sich foloved on 20 Ose sia fm i drove crv oral et ee roomate ea cn te arp mnt ove Ci eg tet cepa or noe eae ceaidbe coin haga bales, Arie cade, Korero rote) (ie aetna feted hy colt ee ota thelr ebes rue by hea ro on Galante Topco il aed ee pra theft te iste of Goottacl Ca an ete shade eters ee nha to Cuaaeanal drag 612 em per Simltancnsy the Spates ene Never eet of imap ithe Kaba He ASE an moving ema ith ener Dana dy bal essing the night 12 seth Amecans site ay lose Never etry. Ove hal of We any Ls wpe ae er ej dng eres mh ea ot and epncn Contd of the aoe ri ouhern eon aed the a ayn Cuello mains Unite Si 2 ny unis began 6 OE fo ny ate amy era he aon em sly pty a tho passe rea eta sgt Ne Cites cc moving into Sona Gan oe ston (or ding 1 eli Gene Maeve emny could and 2005 ae thr bls somone ad made he renee a paso ofthe Lie ‘Teint exons te Sl ata te Ui decor Mind lear Page af the Jape sere notableforts of the other co ‘A virtual stl afensve effet Thy the fe ‘Tae ord Salamaus tet Moresby by anti ‘mountains and Wan, a pea nthe Bulolo River, was pul routes from Tac ol ‘operate lar Alia Iand-ba-e. = joss, During 6. poy hak Hen atta Parad two. other A fof 50 Tit 4 0-mile march trough pon the Bitci River, to Wa eatin became Bet the norerent one eloyed until the 2511, 1 poker on $0 January sd the hed bask 0 Mubo by on ie advance. Headqu on tock over the opertion eenth Australian Brigade je another teil toward eo River above Salamon af these positions carly lb el atteck upon Lac, Sao né Madang. my regiment of the foren the garrison at Lae fseuult on Was. Recon fing mosth of New Britain nd eortng destrosers in entinned on its pail: and Saat on the night of fom 8 March disper yoy, Only one damazed ihe area on 4 March it bers fovering the movement easly driven away by MDho destruction of the fou. of the attack. upon fp oTensive fftt in the ‘Feom 1 March 1043 (0 fnemy remained on the Aactcaly, except fo" Dy separate fn isolated fe ampontane to the demonstration that the reinforce their advanced ft ans-batod wert tid mall erat at wight [Te course of the Wi me gadquterol he Bhh Ara PaNavy at the at the Urital 9 assigned 10 « par il ple Drought al newly aris Fa txigues of tropes i bombers, athe high ws Tons eu the higher ity aig to the inant ac faa ened erat omen pet pn he Sc Btls nold opr tho tate. St fad Jom Ct Ti Alc ole Sy pal ye Pe Pa MUUMEERGcn tie Seponme Satin seco bs Song pael aE Be dirccorpleci, gluse, lnoporid; am LO and a EST ie culminating bombs and ah Doliewed that the Alle Solomons, the northeast enest fa vow G a Fees United Stes Sith Amy vers uniet A OB: foe of Sia ad che eign» WH ‘nso; i tale oe : aces Ahora tem Fer (Ae oe tan an ie decisions made | ‘onquniration daeetly ander Geral staf at Casablanen Ne oe out an intermediate echelon of maa Cet igre eh 1” bordinating their fori for operations “establishment of sire the advance ac pation and cons dered mandaton er, wld have ie ger ot Se MaedArthur pli tie woe scone ot mapation of he Blea 0d ovupaton ¢ Hh the objective utsevriog Hof Mulane to protest tions slong the eater a Bi consolation, or uta Goorin irl, the wren sires in the Tinted Kits, ad the neveateaten i Believed that the advance along the exster axis ww Hpending implenentation ut Woods Island to pee Bent and closer support uf he: inmplementation of wi- Bi ths Late area to neutri Daves at Bika, Rabon, he western portion could wot progres Sia attack objectives i, with appropriate oad destroy nsolidate the ation forwnnl onto exptural B be repeated to succes ‘by air action, or by air, termine enemy sirone it was to be tip and sea uses lo Buks, Raboil, Kaviens. Heeling of interrpting and ost, al evinforcement of inv the general sup 0 mons, New Ireland, Ni ‘Of New Guinea; 0 1 South. Pacific ea ec Ano Face wu ina he sao as < of Admiral Halsey. Ks * States parcehuteinfantey was to capture the a= gid and The tue divisions unt capture. opsthe task fox ealed their to + oral combi total tonnoge of northwestern strate ise bs the sinaltann Au ere urate to sn fOr naval forces soxine Bay ancl construction pars He and Kivirinn on ‘July. Gyound and ant. alle on Both ilar and fompleted. The Sixty gn frem Kirivinw on 18 gughoxt the entre perc enmaisance and ons te protect the landings hey bel bee basa of th: capabilities of the Hessian was attribut- eefal Alliad attacks upon Hl also to the fact that che Pereentage of hi (ofthe Solomon formations of savy fons thoy lan Group, but 101 wace de- Hoss of 17 Allied rer, ily bat with diminish ene made untenable by ‘my lowes mounted fighters and bombers ion by 15 July. Enemy fap thiwwn into the nc Finforcoment+, but fut of 20 were sunk imuely 10,000 vere co for, New Goria and i othns coast of New Georgit Munda fell afer severe igh aud Vella Lavella were sized, Koloubangura United States forces. ‘The few re hostile Silt coat Tafa Seat to Tambo Das, ot sere tone forth of te Tate north le Eidge, The Nipponese Hines of comeis were nie the Seventh 2 ember; an Of the Ninth Divisio fen 91 22 Sepicmior un this port on 2 Octobre Had t9 Satelberg, 7 mite ablished stron eto preloved i maintained ram io and Gusika ial reinforcements yer Phe vance of te was halted until 25 N Attack, supported. by ited enemy resist jowly- and prinliy slons ec iy the Australian By eomaletel their prepar Separate ascaults, The ics nour Fusi in the Sear Buin on southern Cohjective of establishing {suppert a further advance ‘erate from these Buks to the north HlGloce the sen route to Gunn Tan fof te Shortlands, and 10 east, respectively, of Tield by lle were eousidered. c= Tutacks, troops could be nal to Empress Augusta frban Chobeul to Kicia iynice would eliminate the principal enem’: dit the conception icength wherever th Sou acs aa a Bay region : an bat, Mershant marine anc aaval units in the + thor wee severely enppled. Smile reds {allowed on sucooding days and the eortinins ‘Mforts upon Rabu aeioethe same rests as Caner ones at -Wowak, At fist the enemy Tht erally, a i loess rented, he Kept only tse bare minimum nets agra harass babes ai iaish some protection 2 chipping, eicomes and troop concn Theva conionte with w dlc choir Fhe strength to certain the at, or to permit xd targets. without tions. tthe to stot his Tomes on ths ground and i the alli to bomb le io nit and aval bee in the Marsal aera gre ata ath sar tne BY a ai ines esas. Ab ‘dd pe dessa of the thou gees a the, Gilbert alae Cent igecive in prventig he dapaee si sand reinforcements south from moving ar and grormbs were 00 fom the out ‘The Alied Tapani to sir hue wit, By Husband air sina, i Bid 17 Deventer, bt Tnterpted belo th he raids sacenod Baiwo it became apparent Brae was not the mis Gtia-epic location ou the Bev Britain tuarked it Little could tx ‘postion which guarded He Tie of communication few Guinea, The AMiat Mock de restrict) enemy Rall eraft under cover of By only 5,000 men. fice of enemy weakness el the planed aber. Divison, ‘OF the morning of 25 foneenteuted thet Thee sirtrps were rt ective rita extend 2.500 ya ily deapen in spit c€ counterattacks. partir, on 17 Deces to prepare plans for fe advance) air and "Gnines Force wos ‘0 Tent vor! ttotion Span Cape Glow Hinprepere’ Saidor the next das. The ed 10 ebro ‘ard Saidor. Ganipaign was insbed i he dapanese, who 4 the boxing 196 Aa an eae ti to afd ea at lemon Naha, ad Kavi the mee ease syvnea ofthe jer ha 0 Aled nition oft at Th had lat feos of morent Dea he lig vere ae i emrste petra argh contested eas, tis overmilning, Role ae opts. te ee ee ee so 15cm ain ane Weeak an wh ftitnie alt Sor Ban tense hom tn ners was fd Fh Hand Ker ag coe ale Fa ra an moro pom bares, sual eat ie re mi gael re a an aay neBlin contra ofthe Cota line of communication 6, 10 ein wore pine wet thre tote fees Gonert Mac Asha Ahh the Conte Ps iP the Fintan Son espn fr the Sos ANorsmbir forthe ata Mls. Te Soutneet fl that ease he Fist eho to make tn Boar 1 Nevener vont sb hh New thi the Contra Pst alba be renied Bitted out the ha Bits by carer tb Betas oi Nit Friaion was permitted to Pate area an Adal eed intl 1 February Be Sistttre cing Bac alec bth ws ortant vial ae Roabual by the aus, then move dicey MarArthur repli that amplate an. anphibiow father ts eatin hy the Bay to the vest. Te Panes his moves to the west and {it unite, the capture of ment of « major evil fon 3 gt vic 9 Bet tet pane of Bribe onl drt ecto ne Chae of Sal in tion rather thiin the Binet eal Ne be move tous divested Forward outline plans fr 1d thie Admirals, 4 Nozallop. General ‘Masala hn, hoe tai a ea ie oe ee ee ee i ee shin wero Sarena of pa ol ee roa fn se ot ae forlorn a ya be pt tavanced sal In advance fen ace and tives unde italbe etaeto after this stske Halsey to support tie seine BS Which was posty feasher naval sits would ering Sore wai ew the combined on Baik ion of South ture of Kaviong, the Fleet inte fate the elective exploy ambers gina th chief took this op- ulenat Geral Rich snbinatior (of advance in the Pavif B the New Guinea Coast tc F aidvocated utilization of fr fleet. base, bypassing transferring’ the South futhiwest Pacific Command ped thal this dec fi the Pacitie by placing @ 6 months lfore the in reuching he Philipines, and shat Dy excoutin the Philip yey seas. Abst all yey long range valle, max verified ad = fab a minimum. Soon melded in Washinu on, aerial reconnais~ Tas Nesros iat any response aid gy gasvinon) ad boen et day. Gee te ese te Lan New, nh itike aa ms ii py eqacnvhenh, sant ne bole Gam othe os sirstsip on 29 February. ‘The landing ms made! vat «uration rena a ernins tat, da pion ‘The pw Guy ae ad «pre 4S hos alter th nit ang Cota ee Ari cae aahre and err’ the ae tne connate old what ru aden, Deere ape nfation fre and enuaneace were repuked during the mext : 4 : March th supporting foe ‘diol nits wer ht vane by 30 are he ng 0 Low Neon wan oe Ta i atc upon Mas cm et a Ail omba tm si ot Haya sea,” The tov was captated on 17 Male ad “Marc, eng all onan rota Forty weeks puro ts pasta Emo bore rick tad nde tw Moneta ate cperabe fr the depanwe. ‘When th saat Sonealveqelly er ae ft aie "isk sey va ti cee euro be ill talc cet ‘cel a shee fo ea dein tarp ltt tol eeee egem isaton of memy sir bos slat ast taal ie sues of the ofeetion compa the sing fit nes sung Kaba and ely tof al of New Dian Tho cman Soil olny one oheeaed eam cape aes fo ig tare oe canto hn cups ruta ln wax pb sete wet al of th waters ben hak ey She Rew Guin muted wee within ie ‘are important pst oF Tanity for arapid movement along the New Guin a by Co sear edeatt of the plan thit General Sutheriandnt and of the P of this! fend at bases fcr k= upon Japon est) Pacific aren us mbes, Air forces ‘the Japanese ia for w further al Sto bypass and vent paining Carolin= fa) fiery in all ."* subsequent 1a Fas since, ly changed. Ali! oon Blestion of his outpin to emp sand sal pressure onthe nem Februsry 104, wile fu Hed, Phe reids upon sire fs of communications xt Mang, Alexishnfen, Wewsh, lensed. Apptoxinatels ft wer destroyed and the Toss at the adv i> strength wus con Wollandia beyond Ali ean, aad he withrew froin the Southwest Pcie maintained an sost feon-rol off New Betain not challenges by url convey of Japanese ier yet into tho area during ns destroyed fex—The Japanese citer five. risistance or bud Fanything execpt Rabo, From Weak to the aire of Groen Iso reland, on 15 February fa matter of cours nal gus lacy al Palasen on the north imaved on 10. Cae Lhe enemy’ al with la to the ett 3 tale, aed January, Aliod tops in New mpleted the isolation as me 1 coecanen of jn ery ithe ee neSrthur sued ntact forthe atk pon lla. This contemaltad assault by tw Allis divs was the laps operation ae the uhwest Pare area : from Goojenaughy tnd 48 len crm uth of Fiebhaen, the advance the pineal Tn the Cte tie Marstolla Kerley Atoll waaecared at B February alter 5 days of fisting. Aree vrs neligble bette of the disapton of Comes ane comonunicatkas by peli land al arrier wes bombing and strafing id Tava bombardment. The Japanese aff i this aren mas in sbarp cones to the dfersiv action to he South and Southvest Puc aa arks upon bal, 1” the flow of it ine Toreenent to New Batis irdons wat tak ima erlteon, thee woud be reason ty Do {hat the eny’s capac to replace wastage tol ata strong or de‘age a iportnt ines I uImostinechawsble. ‘The rapture of Kate Tn homeyor suggested 36t Reba prt a fective pure of his eal tength, and hak Tene determination to bold this postion (kena his aby t0 defend bebe Tha nl vcorg worl exploited. Orters re bauwlen 4 Feb pie setts sere of Bngrok tothe nerthivet Fru Innings were ade on 17 Tobey we ete tall aos scared ye the 22H a ete wece covers! Uy iat: amie ce aa uk on 1) and 17 Rebriay i ae er rcraft ani 1 sips worm dave i MrT United Stes arian. Seven earn carne task fore i Saban a La ting anor arf and feet i fapanese eoanietions oneal was the pine diseupt Hellandia operationfp foreee divided iotwcen th he tna nin naval Bo was to be clos aa i imiralties nd th Thirty thin, and ‘ls the Fist and Sel series ad suppor ‘of General Mac Aer Bom Major nits wii eae ee eine id tactical ties of the Phot formally established aL not sume. com Ries with the Joint Of March 1944, General olla ans we i pations necessary for lcm cout. The timetable forthe ‘opetatons, stting goa date for Nora Shs general plans for ppiae Islan ithe reoceupation of fon Formosa and coat of tie that it bo thowhole ty onelange-seale stad rane Bay sche for 25 Ont. hie Acton offerod rater pomaibli possibilt of the ly establshment of st hears fr the support of A next eration, Lee ll sca fe rember. Subsequent sperations inehdee= landing at Apari. by Cente. Paci: Farwes in January 1965, oreupation ef ening te same month sera Bicol Province of air bases on in February, ant a major amphi joe amphibious acanltat Tinguyen Gulf en | April suppprtee lauy operations at Baler Bay, Zaanbeles, Patan Tho sly a mihieds Sk ayer te, lal Holi, Geer cur informa the Wa Dpartnnthat he wou atc. Web Si over 00 mies wet Holanda, abo Map. Bisbee ster ids Grain Boy meet rsna nce Voguiey Pena tom Waki Hak, Neenfor in, aad Cape Sa favor ofthe meres Bp of Vogel testa nd occu i May ant st x 9) ne, Each as ae Complete our foe bngag the ba Wakie wassaptared in dis Nostra 3, ad Batis devel Bink sand ad. btn Te Seta cm te naan “Tn ole ance along the ile eam a ee rsee emminiee bot the “ets eve he der tl ace ea ae ta aloBo reat Pacific my teal Pacife, the Serangunt Badd 0 15 November tis ms to be delayed unit act that the npn fai woud also Hive io salt, ard the Lum works support Cente Tau, Yap, sou! Ulithi wii foreen Fast cutie to be tate in onder to epic support to the inva Banal aluid snd to rake potest in the Pilipins BW that the seizure and the eastern son spproaei ‘worl! ako provide the Paciic forces with bss that Centeal Pact Leyte inva Domber attacks on the trot strikes ly fast ie zon sul Fe kes against the objective so dates He cams frm dies- an contemplated that ‘move directs fil involve th were and woul raced on September MacArthur to occupy fearon 011 20 December fim to weirs and develop Houpport In entrance i rt of the Formos snd diving the invasion 0° the Contra, Pipe Formosa operation. , i fore fom the scattered vnd semi-bolated aos inl troops (0 leat 0 sete to stali a eid fr the en Chapa, coming ofig th icon Bein Dies ade te yx 2 rot Sut niet a Bt) Mors aes thas PSchieculed, but other : ferme of Tule Yo BE Geraci, see fal and Palau operations Bel. The gxrison on ft 300 oer, but th @ eamsiderations the task Of the Thirty-frst Infant One Hundred Tweaty-sisth Pain, of the thirty-serad ‘combat and servi ied air power was thrown support of tho to oper fe Forve contained ene Tharussing missions in th Wy Air Force in Chin Alas south coast of For Ip borers of the Sour finiromes on Mindanao ls Bast dis, an nt bombed Ripping, and troop con fits hit ‘Chichi Jima and ‘the occupa ed that Loyte Ie Biss propou! i that the Pil foul ax exhodal 14 Sopietber. diminated from oh one 19 tho nor were protectad by cor [Tighters ws they movel pote and were uno preached on 16 September or consisted of oD anv esteding the F operation was officially a the day that Was if, Admiral Nin prepared 1c target dee ol ut the Japan rng an th Ime loner pared ee ts The capa a Nowa wu direte h opeation ol mesa Coit ai tom th ring 8. ara Mae Septenber,ovleed te Sth Army to ake over the intial Phligpnercampaiga Wh Previn had own aed the ak Fores combed of ls anigned oF (othe Sich Ay th Ama tho fanetoned es agate Alto Free At {he sume time the Bight Army was der take contd of Ameria coma eat Ble New Guibe the Adminis, wad om Moni othe Fint Aurela Any ssn the ini unt alin the norte Solana a ow Biiaia, sd in th Tow Clea Toke ae ¢f Worak, During Sopleser, jt fanaa ere held by the Soulest aed Cental fomepidins (o ol i waa the peat acceleration in plate, For air auoport ofthe Late landings Os United Stes Third Flt eairas would opens poly as far nae ws Okinaes iting enemy isan hte, Formosa, at i noster> Conon rir the saul oy Leste. ort few days smelt pov the vio, the eet aris would Mrael cites ezat woo, the Bes Lie Cob aod. Negro. ‘Thes would alse provide seeeartainet mpport 0 the amphibious at Tee Aer the tops sere shor, tho fet Mek again operate n tates suppor of Gen sere tetrenurs fren In addition, Catal Peete srt fom the Pas won eae peas we aoe ofthe Souter ei etd continu thc scned ta Bs Fag er non al had been aroma Finn heutgaterset the Southwest Pace Me publi operations isretons re hintaan the Ph Te Pulau and Mortal were smb to Man ove song andar it = le fnconing psratons The Per eral rad north of the Bab “aac th the and vel, Ulithi was captured or 28 nes 0 September:‘ip support when linl-baset Fgh ba aot ere ee ec Ber ae ee: eo. tnd naval task fs the landing phe the Third Fleet sestabliied in the Leste Sorgonized tactically fa Bie ina wide a (Chins-baged air “Air Fore fle damogig Md searel over Formos: an fone objoctiveetableti ftuops ashore at Leyte ged the landing foros wos uth Pacific operstions The first pase of ed cloning thr ila esa in order for shipping. ‘The main is wieronies aid bass fof te and to open San {the norter ani of cseaulting troops lity of Seven far Raster Air Poe ‘Thirteenth Air Farce y plenned to takes day ferlnd an shoreto-hor~ eae forves fom south ‘operations. Layte and support of operations yall practic their approweh exe ing the Sixth Ranger Sula, and denying 80 rehielago to the ‘tallation Netherlard [lading Aah and on Hononhon ‘were cleared quick! 15. Septem gs destroy 10 ed. jer of Ising bel ear areas on Tagte 1 on bhatt ie Sea a ae satis Pasi War sale lly into Lat Gal ioe sireraft totbardment of the batches, this foree =a ie The final step on the Lig som byek had. be General Meehsthar so Ing ee ae pe "The attiek continued after consolidation of the ona ober Cl te fae a 0 Nip eon lk i ye tard into tie Taste. Valle and pus Macks norwandand westwani, Heavy, “ot unlouling perforces, the Japanese ‘Westward fo theCnnve ddstermined reinforce ‘ne igh point on 1 dat Onioe iti Loyte fore had ron B Mindanao and from the 9 to Lert, which had Philippines fron Man He eaemy bad moved at eye a reinforcement ‘enormously in men, On 10 Novenivr hw Dhl of & division from Bienlire Japancss convoy of of enemy 2 to sec up» barge land ane! Orme unite dissipated hie last mun’ eation 8 never obtained air se aren for sufeient They sipping was thon the Aewelopment General fn entire month “ha let errors aids on encms-beld November; it shared meimy convoys intend attack on tho 25th, nd ot of the ly method General 1s Sem ining, deny ‘rj ct and min pes hoa of Layee ta eetng ‘ox hpi the Aner Sa ee installa ions along the nest oa ne tend fr weremade, The dopa ee ‘ste tw of th Gee Co is Saigo my I eso trata. Ha candid ate ‘We Pula wal eae seat a Geena Tr toc hos ois doled oe Cac Mckee faa Bee bring reinforwements into Leste “ ‘ited sta eued oer sand Gay tcrints adel in Orso Saad eue ns, atecciami a ci Cobia tre bens ae Pes eer mT soe ee te Ons Or, eapag Peicieieampeesy ere idee Mae 36 Nereis en ae ian a ae Ui tn linia et SE ann eo Dien a ery ried Baber te ot a Torani: Ger de Cate i poke nny sts he ens ot Degamiend Beran BS the a th alc the cent a rae eel mS sen a er bg tld inde fe aes en Tey gtd al {oe fate rennan’ and pled thea ee all chen to guard southwestern postin’ Mo the Ormor S2eridor.| One Amite cer patlank enemy positions and to Secure mounftothor Fapanes Pattadsed to wil erry ‘stip. Both of be utno import, Daratroopers vs es Bon 7 December. I {pome damage wl it the smooth functionie orees wore ft uy division lancet fenguged in some Bisjor offensive Be wo eit on the io. 7 Ms I fasinse wh lta foros“ tthe ein division a INo, 2 from i B just north objective was Valencia, and the alvance first nstane> of free maneuver in the Pacific area. Valencia, abeut 10 noth of Democ, was taken on 18 December hovity was coquested! to continne. the further in order to gain contacs with frees in the ncrth Before the enemy could seuttered and broken forees. Permission granted, the acvance wes sgsin taken up tnd on both sides of the highway. Ou 21 fs pligsical contact. was made with al Sts cavalry cloments moving south on No. 2 This highway was denced organized enemy resist Aayte's most fiercely contested stro Omee Corridar—was at an en, fighway No. 2 was cleared the enemy had ce but fo retreat into tho mountaire vest west of tho corridor, losing contact ts of his forees still holding out in General, Miner declared. Leyte 25 December 1944 and for the Amer the arduoas tak of moppins-up ben ai. Generals atack at Leyte hind bo ue el The enemy. bal boen wating, re fr the Aled trope Anan. fatept ta rode the statin Ped a major ifemsive, with the Tosing his naval strength He tit to Leyte but suceeded only in prolonging ‘feat. From the Ali! pin of hough the 5,500, Amesean live lost Tigh, the soponise attempt to hold at ‘The enemy lost IF 65,000 ttoops, the msjoniy of Thad bean meander of fst. fine exmbat “Tro could never ross his lowes in ng. Sill more important, the infor eran Tests had drained the stern of combas strength and hod cam ihe cheng’ Lun dee pla, Uns tho eoiquest of the reminder of the 44 lem imposing tae for’ Geral ‘perhaps fortunata that the enemy's pay= nl fort to prevent the development of strength on the land. He already had feverrwhor® he hd committal his Te is assumed that this fact prompted it his aizplanos in woak, smal scale tucks tht dite damage. Dacing ks that the Alla Air ovr pf ite ardromes on Leyte the Jopnese ad Oe 108 file within suing distane af the ojetiee are, "Because of thar dispeion weal ‘wus imposible cher to nevtran thn or 6 ley them nearalza. Lis eoneded that during this prod the bei and agente ployment of er strength world have probnged the Leste campaign. "As it was, the vale numer Inti r eh the Ao preente rulsfoeement of thete ails expt ding Deride when ‘eather preveniod fing ant Trsted superioniy in tha ur tom the cum ver his ca. attlds whenever Uy cone ‘Svettrate eer ‘Too unpleasant jc of clearing remaining oem sunninia ftom Lagto fal vo te Eqghte nay, commanded by Ti, Gon. Robert L, dichelberse, f ieran of Souliwest Puc vasfare dace ts Bam dage of the New Guinea cuspign, His iledons were to same eontal of conbat uals jena terri il forces, and to prepare ober laoope 10 tase fire operons of the Sixth Tr spite of intaxe fighting om rough 25 Deventer, the islands of Leyte and Stam wero far from cleared of encmy when the Higlth Army took over. Estinates of hortile ‘remnant in the are ranged all ho way fom 5,500 to 25,000. One thing was certain, that the romiining Jepanse, whatever the strength, swore dispoced in ie roughest, wildest trrtory ‘thoy could find. : ‘The largest conectration of eoemy forces lay jn the mountains west of the Onmoe Cotridor ‘Mos! ofthis rea ac been orginally in the zone of the United States forees which moved overland from Highway Ne. 2 toward the cms Inte in ‘Deecamber, and alse undertook anyphi ous opera tor aout tence western pes of Leste ‘Them combined sttesks had sored all principal objestivas by 30 December. shortly therefter the forces involve! were ralievod of combat mmisons on Layte, and began to movo into rear teas to stage futur erations Ene onesie mountin er Ooe ‘ern broken up, fieing tho Japeneee to move Wwesteanl. ‘The Canotes Islan were cleced, 8 swell as the road fran. Pelompon east to Highway No. 2, When this was complete at the end of ‘Decenber, hostile sistance, soutaenst of Villabaih Position for isp fmt, General st, srsupply would fan up the wot tion of land: sy after hein farrier an lig ger ships ofthe Fn at in his opinion, «| pitted oF & Tons Formosa than | ff Iand-hsed hx, the advan ‘manifold. Ve ao the onan y t Deyond the rons ‘would provid mA months before» | Bpedle to.06s0, 1 ‘Central Poe Ep pointed ov forthe invasie js agaist (2 Bind the Naw tive, ad in Bn te i iad re d suecessful assault on Leyte was isu, uer TIT tho frst operations following the UY into the Pilippines was Lowy ZT, Minior, ceheduled for § Dersmber Mike T the rain assault on Lumn at n Gulf, was scheduled for 20 December mwas made also to support the Lineayan ‘if necasary, by an assault in Disgalen the east central coust of Luzon, This Ahiled t0 tak» place during the period 20 January 1945 Ie would be undertaken stile treng tin. the Central Pins was sue that he Japanese left lank fe to be tured. Moreover, Mite 1 bocamie s certainty only if reconnaissance Aeasilo for a large body of troops to the Sra Madro Mountains between Bay ind the Central Plans. Concur- ‘theso opreations, all other available ‘to undertake the conslation of the ‘Palawan and the Sulu Archie i Mute 111 the consolidation nov ere gives no name, nor were speciic-arget for ang of them. Te was phn iehth Army would eondiet the opera- ines with sick help objained from guerilla forces. ‘The 13 October, Gencrwl Mac- Operations Instructions No. 74 wil fo Sixia Army’ the responsdility 5 Drees DDurpase ofthe mission wns establish es for direct support of operations ith fon of sea rou'es through the Visayan any out ground operations General f conatitated the Western Visaync. Task : by Brig. Gen, William C. the delay in the development cf air Leyte and the resultant shortage of fzalt of ll Kinds, the final alans the scborne paso, aind tie regimental ‘parachiss prepared to jan in attack. findrome construction on Teyte ‘eiching. effect. than changing the rer. Facilities were a0 limited ‘thatthe Fith Air Force on Leyie was cover tho transport cd lnntng phase of pr pertion in additon to maintaining ait support ‘of tke progresing west bale. ‘The Navy could not commit its carers on 5 Decanbue to support the aperation beesise they had beer retained i support ofthe Leyte operation fora month beyond tho ostimated requicement. They needed repair and resupply. Gareral” MacAthue. yas com. lla to delay the Mindoro attack unt the 15th Jn oider to give the naval unite tae fo eofuel and to parmit the furtae expansion of ainromes on Lage ‘The landing at Mindoro folowed the well established Southwest Pace paitern. The ame phibous attack shpping of the seal fore wa ‘over by elomente of the Fifth Ais Fore and ‘Accompanied by emert caries, destroyers, eri fr, atid old batlshps of the Serenth Flot In strategie suppor, the hind Flot combined with the Allied “Air Forse to neutralize enemy ait intllation in the Pippin Tslands andthe Sa Seas area within Inetile supporting ange and to ‘Inrupl enemy communications to prevent rin. forcement nil rouoply. ‘Taetial surprise wes seeuied and imal ate contol of tea over Tan was gat sn ell unl dask ofthe 16th Sclisined hind Fert strikes hed to be canceled aller that date because of typhom weather, but fhe Aled. Air Poors continued their neutral zalion of Lizon on a restricted sale. Following ‘preliminary bombardment, troops of the Western Visayan Task Fore poured soba, unopposed, rar San Jone in v0 western Miro. Work Was comsoeed jnnodiaialy 00 ir etepa, to of which wore completx! by 28 Deconber. To guand The sirdromen 1 peimeter defense was extablshed afler the fashion se a Torokina, Bougsile, in November 1961, Daring the Sith Army period of carol, which lated through 31, December, oul operations camsted only of patrling, Gootcct wis tne susny wan pearly a bade tetseon naval surheo vee, supported by air cover, and the Japan suicide pans. Enemy Suid bombers seriusly interfer with resupply Convey, producing, ct leat temporary, 4 grave uation tn aviation gasoline al other sit force Thateial, ‘Troops whore were subjected to spo ‘i night attacks Fum hove aireaft snd on the night of 26-27 Decunler amall Jase naval force infers bearded he bach ara. ‘During this Jupance sri, the land-based bombers fad gbies of the Tt Air Foros frota MindoroMindoro opr ls of Pacific wortus, semployed atthe bn of unlu in Air lied lect, were ‘of ioetile ground, n fin the Lizon arr ment of amphi fe areas deny mov SSmoving overland 0, sud Muti: and provide Noval Fores. 7 Dalits for dre =. in the Lingayer Gales practi Rhment of Fighters wn 1s ares. The Ft Ne to continu ts forves unl fo dest taaterials in the The planned sche fasion for the in led Ciose of ths Lest led those of tho L bof the Baie iss: te Bit let se Lingayen 0 tactic tatters ee Mretber ble! F operations, but on 6 Jénuary the Third bre soul ab cede, tobi hostile Octaber, November, and Deomber, tie strength inthe Philipines was ‘complaely dosttoyed, ‘Tho "Thintonth, th Air Forces combined to destroy or almost 1,300 enemy aiteraft; che Third 2,000. Only by concentrating bis ie force could the enemy bil effectively local supreinaey in the ait. By Jan Foree had accomplished the ile fent of virtually neutralizing 120 snemy OF = operational srdronies xt Moro fe jump off time approached, it bad be lent tha the enemy was gong to throw lable air power egainst. the Allied Twos pin lo that side raft would eontiate the major pf the Japanew fort. Moving orth- ough tie Sul Sea and Mindoro Pscage ayen. Gull, the bombardment wal fry Cf ships of the Seveath Pet, togther Recomparying escort caries, were sub: Mo susmrvus stielde aliacks, Sasusry-ALied. warships arived at Gulf only ty encounter auch «deter tir forve that 0 bombardnont of the i aree was posible. "The Third let fo Taxon that day wore dhrfow ex ‘include enery installations as fast “hay. Norther Lavon had been the Tout) General Macarthur te thr acitionel coverage ecuisenetrale iby land-based aierft had not ocr aa expoctsd and it appeared at that time Imajoriy of the Japanese planes ata ha Seventh Mle were from Iszon fds pt was mad 1 maintain outiavous Hol overall enemy sep during the Us, told overcast. prevent blaukoting he tory areas. Escort carirs of tho h Pet il ir to rote the Seventh i but thereover waa not adequate ls pny hot ei he se citer ne th the previous Pit doabtha, however, that the shi wre en protected. Radar equipment Mts usta ou i would have born in open of the accun Kcause fe was blocked by abort distance away. In adton, the inclement wonter together with the rat lamp ate to be severed prevented Ted and Allied Air Feroe planes from completely Dewan ale ou ins ne ares of cornu panes atopy Animal Kinkaid vejustad thatthe Tied Flat lames repent steko agus Laon on 7 nay ‘Thc action neces cancelation af flnned srt eat Hum bt th as completed attests, despite bad. weather Dung the day Sovnth Foe bombardment and fre support minsias ere unhampeed, On the Sih athe Third Pes retired to mf few enemy sircaft attic. Lingayen Gull era ‘The bulk ofthe remaiing enemy sud acre now Appeared tobe coming rom Fornnee, To counter thin conned tirst, two stape wee aken, Gena MacArthiv requested inthe Chin bacel Twentieth Bomber Comaoand shifter, trom Kesung Hac to Forman. to de- Sided tno that's carierborne irra atack gaat the seme itn woul bo preferala to {he soninued pence of tho Tard Fleet ithe Lingayen regi. Adil Ushey's command thereupon nove 6 the north asl welt. while Seventh Flot cart enor tot up the burden of drck support ete laning aided by eval thleland used nef ‘Tha heavy. Kemikace attacks employed by the AIapanose at Lingnrn seamed to have ore far Teaching purposo than detrstion of Aled ‘pping."Horetobe, the enemy had sent many ‘eo planes nga tranapory, But at Tazo tesla ow wari for sel station 1 thn iid planes had bon tore tec fhe enemy might have found ccoptabe. the ay consequences of anther naval engngene. No heary Japaec atrfaco unis vero i tho ichity of the Gif But a potoialy dangerous number ere oeued, bath tothe orth and to {host so tht ey coud raten the erty ‘ot ed forces at Lara ita 24 imuek th sume pacer tactics tiny had teed 0 Leyts. immodinto naval attack was exe, how= one tc aerwtoling stent of the comtined Third axe Seventh Flo its. The fei threat would some flr Ald orca were fouled kor, hid Flt ha departed for goater fy, tthe Seventh Ho was ct dhe (ot nl mal se by tn witha tho winfrcng laments bared roth Peli ‘et forthe operation.DaKOE the bon of 9 January Ling Trees 78 an: HO" 5, WUE 80 son D5, 1 for ex, sila Dy. infants; San Fabian fshore to Ur divisions. Domoyuki Ys of the Japanese F0 aed, ecatre it Bot be definlcd Tandings a» Thero © Aeadrs, 0 fz is ata, io oon fot forces were scattered, reorganizing, or Droces af movement throughout. Leon ‘ime of the Imding. Contac. between ‘hondquarters mul some unite was poor, elemanta were completely eu of en ean forces went ashore, 1a ation, to bo sore ronfuson in command sibilities among Lover echlons Members ‘Yumwehit's sto! uid that the Jape duet ofthe Lazon campaign was ase ‘sumptions that the Americans. vould ‘upetirty, that Allied. artillery and F would euiclas the Japanese oth in fy aud quiity, and that there would bo a [Hl wlan fr dupa veld ats a addition, the Japanae ested ‘ilipinos wero entively hostile and could to oeur arms agains the Japonese portuniy. Furcherore, General Yvne- ot believe it wae pow "Amiean o:eupation of Lazo. He Ais mission us one of delaying aston nel fom the otset Ua he mould snot | Yamashita act up a patter of delonse fenalle him to. take maxinun ad ferrin asa. counter to. American van Valley. funtral Kemdn sector, held by 36,000 ly air corps, defending tho arca west -Fiold and Fort Stotsenbarg. 18 Shimic sector ithe south located in he mountainove country sud Montalban, Marikina, and Antiyolo, idazaness were supposedly disposed sree. America troops would =the capaneas from prepared positions defensive areas before Laizon eould be ‘the outskirts of the Shobu sector shat cops first met opposition, Five tion of operation> along the yen Gull. Along are of propered © block the approuches to Couayens Valley, was enecanr {ecod along th line Damo Rowtio-Binulonn Undancéa-Carbarvan Hill Jit later aren Unite States ineatry division van aed up by 10 digs of biter felting while tae romaine of {he corps moved southest along a. good. road nl in more open eountay. -Avoie, infantry Alvis, ashore‘on 11 Juauary, moved nto te ‘zea north and east of Undanete to intitite drive up Highway No.5, srondy defended by the dbpunese for teas an ecape route to the Cagayan Valley. ‘Tae road from Damotis to ‘Rosario was not chared until la January bo: cause Unite States ifatay was fread wo At tivo strong foc, the dpanese aad the terran, ‘Throushott the sotor the Japanese defame de: Yelopad into seater local sinene pois, vot ‘nultally supporting but contlinghighweys ‘nd “commanding Urrain festive Is nany Plies he enemy cerned hie armored equines. Into pillbones. Hard as such imaletions were to destroy, this srange tactical use of nis actualy bended the American fore, for the ante eae up exelent opportanii for more logical and fective employment of armor "To the west good roads and tore open trrin allowed free eset and fat ction, Progtem to te south was imped for the most parton kof bridges ares the Agno Hive and other roam onthe highvare to Mala. ‘Pie county South of the Agno wae relaivdy tndfended Tete ssepanec nd wire fil ic faniry division fon. Uo ccatrl pain» and had sent ito Lay, there ereaing an fed esp in the Lezon defenses. United Statsinfatry drove tout until ie approuced the Cri Fila-ort Ee eee fitted isl ee ea ere ae eee ici propre tore Mao es Gea aac dha eclr ats ataain Dc the rmander of January, altntior was ured to ‘Going the Clark Feld For talons aren nd Seg tees vol eae tale ‘Dunn January, the Fifth Air Foren, ator eating the esem air potential in the Philip ‘no, concentrated ils-eflort_on boring. and Strang lands insert water eommsnica- {ions culond rolling stock, amnion un, Iti rads Sn Sono and. Cees azn. By the ile f-Jan try ove 50 locomotives td lay es on 10 tree ad bo dtatoyed and tho mavament of eum tops was Carina to night blckout sovernmts. By thefity and. Conn Teas not vn : een the city ig liens! ol ook to open Maxis te An infant Hieeist const of Bat Pilar ws ppedion Cores ous Tanling 0 genty-fourth 11 Mat 800 Japan: Marc an: eto Moni in econo 2 The w out hi one jeoull Tain Gxtenled Ameria» Dl ofthe fres-vs =" svt lone froin Mont defenses juntas te foward scowl | 10 miles Alon this front the enemy, sup- rocket artillery, dg himself dooy!y into des, improving’ natural defenses. and ‘new positions. The drive continued the remainder of Febroary sad by 15 I objectives hud boon secure. the north of the Stinbe aree the battle 6 outskins of the Shobn sector sill med an ems determined to bod “all to the Cagayan Valley. United States Torees moved north along the wast to ells forees at San Femando, vho by hl all the west coast of worthern Lauzon ‘uenY porkets just north of Vigan, uct wis established on 20 Maceh aud to Baguio wore begin westward from Tauang- Baguio, summer eapital pines, vas at this tine the heal: ‘oth the Japanese Army aul. th collaboration government. ‘The {tured the mountain ety into a citadel almost impregnable, but air and aril. iment finely erumbled the elena il, American infantey entered the city oppose. Patrols north and eas! coon the area Mt althongh mopping up eontinued well ‘This mopping up was conducted by Sales infantry division and Fiipino hile mother American division moved ithe attack in the Belote Pass atv. - Balete Pass from San Jose and Rizal, ‘of Hebrassy both wings of this drive wstrong enemy postion at Didi ‘nardfought miles north of San ose enemy's Baloto Pass defenses using March and Apri the sion attempted 9 eliminate the tril and in the Salcsne ‘the jection of the Villa Verde -No. 5. Other elements a the “northivest toward Baguio, but to be a most dfielt rouie to ity. ‘Therfore the main effet {0 be aimed at Tmugan, « burg ai the lerminus of Salacsas Pus. South of Balele Pass, United States forces strugled on throoghout March and April along Dota sides of Higivay No. 5. ‘Ben late in the latior month the enemy was able t> replace his loses rapidly ani could call an a'mort 15,000 trocps to defend the triangle formed by Belote Passion the south, Lmugan to the northeas, an Sania e, just nor of the pass on the main fon, Balate Pas finaly was taken on =3 May and shoutly theresfter Imugan and ‘Santa Fe fl fur long, weary weeks of using “he Japanese from their underzround burrows, sealing abut fneciy eaves, bulling sew roud, improving old fraib, and copinz with the rousiest (eran imaginable, Ameren forces had peta the gates way to the Cagayan Valley. Daring this drive into Cagayan Valley, other Amaican foees dave into the Shinbu sector east ‘of Manila to estab cha line from Antipolo on th souGa (0 Wawa Dum on the north, Moving soutbenst, United States infantsy ou danked the southern end of the dam and attack around the ‘star shores of Laguna de Bay to make eotact ‘with friendly forces an 6 April. The uitack caste Ward reached its c;eetives, Mount Malaba and Mount, Pacawagan, by the end of April. The fall ef Mount Pacawagan opened the entire Waira ‘Dam area to direot wail, an attack undertake (om 80 April Wawn Dam was seised sidameged, on 29 May, and the American fore then gave ‘heirattention to IroDam, northern anchor ofthe ‘Shinbu defonses ard sour of’ percent of the Manila water supply. The attwk toward. Ipo ‘began on 6 May. Aided by'a pcr atte fromthe north the Irive continued day and night ‘with unremitting pressure until th dam wae ‘uptured intaet on 17 May. The Japanese Ind cal demolition ckanges'at th dam but, the ‘oviiness of tho atteck, abetted by” searchlight ‘Mumaination of the batts areas daring the hours of duskneas, prevented the enemy frei sccom= plishiag the plannel destruction. Tastoad, his tilly needed water supply ws ristored to ‘Manis and the last important strmghwld of the ‘Shimbe seetor woe sized. By te beziniag of ‘Tune ll operations wary reduced O mepping up Ta the offensive aguinst enemy rutanls i southern Luzon, by lee in Mareh the front line strwtchod from Logue de Bay southwest to Lake "Taal, and thence te Batangas cy. A Unitedfhe Baleie va By Winn sf the Bate thei 1f this junctin, 0 the east, ive pocket crates wore immesistaly a Onoiinfanty m eentral Live ymed left, or sot) Jonz Highteay No. By 30 June wi. 5 miles of Kis ame division 1m Kiangan pock: blah eontaet i third. drive Eyhienes Philip pied (0 cut th sslanding near 4p function with thi is Se imeinn i ed Tapaniso atc The airborne sn Sine semblance of © Tnfantry dP iraducing te Kix fap enemy: e000" fs om 128 Soper es on tm. fad preps persion: 02 ‘the Japanese from the southem Philip. instituted drives continued unabated, States forces used on against stubborn, ay resister along Highiray No. 4 and reached ‘on 12 duly, ‘To the northwest some ne awit were te down, wi che of July, in reducing Japanese fortified ns in the Mankayan area, However, other forces move! cast from Corvaries to ‘an 10 duly, both Sobangan and Bontoc, Bontoe these forees prested south along ivy No. 4 toward Banaue, which tovn was toy the Sixth Livision on 20 duly. Three eantuet wis established betwen the ean and Filipino units, thus splitting the zk pocke: into tvo saetors. Tslnted enemy 8 insinta ned a determined deforms duit positions well into Angus, Int a half of the Japanese defenses itself was [into two pacts when Pulippine guerillas, fn from the rortheast, scizod Mayoreo tements of the Sixth, Division moving m Banaue. West of Highway No. 4 continued against the other half of the n pocket, a semionganized defense in depth, ly, Unite Stats forces drove north ‘astro th highway to scar the “Agno River alley. A” United ‘States on departed from Kable, which had been Inte in June, and prose nordhwant in valley. AU Saguing, on 8 Agu, con. ‘tab shed vith Fipinio trope who ved dow the valley fom the north. With ey so sere afr foto nas bined waster slopes of the mountsins deeded Dc enemy. Teen olyhe uate ot ‘tho threepronced drive frm thy car, south ant west, and from the north nad Cagayan Valley, combt activi dur- tnd Agust consisted langely of paeols ‘Sioa Madre Mountains, oust ef the nsw onc nly with ms of physical survival and his eit as much in evidence as troops of the Piscrah md many of ea rom starvation. By 15 Augut, ex \ agave i the Kian dee) sey tae Leuon was diongnived and infective, "The ‘ea'tereddapanee halo cho ote than sate ‘vaton orsurrender. “However the announcement of pan’s acopiance of the anemia ste eo ers did wot bring the Zar enmpaizh to fn end. No. dramatic pare of sueered troops took pce. On Lz the remy gave no indaton ‘of Knonedgv of Uh capitation for torre days, and 12 was not almost the nd of Angst that GaneelYanssie's surrender Spmared imine Gu 20 Angus, the Kighth Ara cured over ommand ofthe lippines 1 te Commanding Gereral Army” Forwes Western Pace. The oaiquarters, prvioaly responsible forthe loi tic support of Unted States Forces in te Soutc ‘wei Pao undetok to bring abou the proms Sunender ofall Japanese, ‘The Lavon campaign was tspica of most of thoground fighting inthe Pacha, "The ‘ers engagements cn level oo in unglesy aganet wr towns, and agsitat the large mocern city of Manila," ‘The taste asignd ost power roe out the entire campaign were mere. and ard. Tn ‘Fores fs 9 8844 tons of bombs phi 6,388 tons of Nepal. Te avenged 2.240 sores with » ben and Nope fonage of 1704 a wwe, Throughout the campaign infantry nite down io eaents and batlions request maximum avilable nr power {© mppoct impeding strikes Bembing and em was repeatelly ger to soften wp emmy tong pots in towns an Fortified postions in shell fd mountainows unt. Tn junto end wooded res allele su impeneraie ae ay in tho Southwest Pate ava, Napalm nas dropped ot Sy to destroy srg dain Japanese, but also {o burn off waeatcn el jungle The boos 0 ‘mone in the grown frees given by supporting bans was enormons beanie it provided wean tant rehindr ofthe ste end rarial power of the team behind the doughboy. The demorliee ing fect othe Jnpaee of Cate Staten close fir sport and rpeted. si attacks om tein Instelationswashorre ot in thenemy dary and document’ tearlatin made by various G-2 sects,mal MacActi tions in th. sy dew envisaged the Suk Archipelass, x, Borneo, Juve, s berlands Hast Ts, sys promaleat 1 a p foroes were fallable aft futons wore Me dependent, Tauzon, but» y General Macs Bhould be wel For hese « On tht cs bat toum 20 j Palavan rey and transpe: fies and lar finstalltions feware broueht Eile eoming of . ee sizeable ein group was contacted uni i. rom tat Ue on eetteredncry 08 an were hand down with thew of eran, rls. tn mid-Apel United States patios stag Island, to the northeast an se and Peudana Hslands tthe southern WPalawan, Metin at and naval bases pid stablshed.Alind crt. ore oducting searches over the South China boing Jape installations from Bore jo Iinlo-Chat. Motor torpedo bots ef the let pasolls the east and west counts awa extended ther etvtes vo adjacent ‘and, aid reac a far south wo esta b Bore. j—Nest of thy Visayan Toons to fal the fastnoviag enlanght of the Fight svas Panny, invaded on 18 March. No air oF ground opposition was enooutered he lndiag opemtion; day Inter lol, city on Panay, was captured. Lele doen exported at Panay because & ent guetla organiation tnd. log fatrl of most of the and, With the sutras organized esstance was Dy 22 Bach, Minor petsl ctities for renaing folatedpocksts on the fad wstern tones, After tht late ot readied fal Yor move across Cae Strait to Negros Island Some cancer was felt in General bout the Negros operation becuse atively strong enemy gaeisom, peste en, that was esablahsl on the hn tal lending force fo" the operation was os thn fullygimental combat eanc, Faby not ough strength fr a quick can fowever ths fling was that i woul bo take along time to conquer Ness ‘cops roe more presi sali Mare, the landing took place on Pule- Segrooe itil option seus wk, flee dhe invasion Bacolod town nmi fs divisioua objectives, were tate, it son became evident tat the emmy to mako a stcng suicidal stand sn the ‘of the Bacolod tea. On 8 April a regiment, after an overwater move. cover activity on the left flank al a ke ngsinst the enemy strongholds grout inthe northern island crow ell ehesan and developed by the Jep essand twas not until mid-May that operat in essed into the meppirg-up stage, Menavthile, reconnaissance elemerts swung around the torth eonatof Negros and down th east const almost to Damaguet, near whieh ety a niment of the Amerieal Divsion landed on 25 April In ‘this southeaster een no onganiaed enctny Rest, nce could be found and By dane it became evident that only stagglors mere to, be «neoute tered allover the ind. Gem —On 28 Murch the Americal Division, after having staged at Leyte, landed just south of Cibu City, Cate Island. Astin, the enemy amadeno attempt tc meet the Unie States lorem at the beachhead and the ext dey the Americal entersd Cobu City. However, north and west of the ty, the moat elahorataefonsive. positions ounc in the Philiprines to that date were enconne fered All roads ere sprinkled liborally with ‘mines and hooky taps, whole tops 0° hills were Dlown off, demolitinas were erafily- placed and leetHeally detonats, and omutually supporting pill boxes danied tones to the nocthwest., Cob City itself was recieed toa stumbles ‘by the enemy as he evacuated to institute sicong de fensive aetion north of the town. Nevertheless, bby 2 May, the major enemy positions en ridges in the Cebu ‘City area had been overrun. The ve- maining Japanese ver driven te the northern ‘extrunitis of the ind and were subsequently Inuntel down by combat patrols Bolol—Meanhile, the Amevcal Division diverted some ofits ctrongth to another Visayan Tland. On 11 Apri, elements landed on Bool By the end of the nonth only scattered, inles~ tive resistance was (9 be found and operations on the icand wore tured over to guerilla forces. ‘This peration extenied Aametican contol over all of the major Viswym Islands, anc the Japanese Still remaining in the eeatra Philippines could face one future—hopolss, latte stands from ‘Solatel pockets. Oily Nfindanao now remained to be secired Minfonao.—Prior to 13. Septemer 1944 ‘Mindanao had been the intial tenpet ares of the Allied forces moving northwestwanl up the New ‘Guinec coast toward the Philippine. However, the suiden change in plans that preceded. the invasion of Layte in October 1044 portponed ai fiackin Mindanao rainist 6 mati” Due this time the Japanioe defence plans and trop ispostions. had changed many times. Somme ‘ute Id been sent f-ward fo the Leys battleIne fof Allied plan ti le aetive pat, Hesiod nar Man Seton or the Tanding hare-to-shon River were fof Parang, was v aren cued fsland to Di function, sizing ‘Control of fore in position lighvay to Nels Gulf. By the im feations bowers fase to the <1 “A: that point from Davao Gul « gre Highway. T° i fo evacnate his 0 antral Minds ied 0 the Fapancs ineney seized ae tho tn Sveriand from § Sshores of Dovao Sl! Standition of bi " heros the Kalco 5 fapancee Iz" currently vith te drive on Davao, the -north along tho Sayre Highway. thom continue, Tho eneny fought a desper nel, desizned to permit moveaeat ‘combi wit into the Malay wer, hue drive roiched Marainng af. fay and continue on the north, On month a determined Buna cunt place in the viinity of the airteip pulsed with heavy loses, This proved the last major Japanese action alone the ighway. From then en, Yale balay, capital of the 21st. At tablished a am which ‘hear Agusan: on Macsjular Bay on nade an. astvance ddoven the Seyne Impulatao. ‘This contact marked all Japanese resistance alone. th p Sayre ifighway opened and the Davao dy the eampaien was ended strate ‘omined, however, the task of the Japanese in the mountain fet- they had fled, The enemy bela ly his mountain positions, especially ‘the Sayre Tietivay in the Maly Here United States forecs insted Alown the ‘Plomo tail fm eh was taken on 80 Juno. One < battalion moved, late i June, to ‘Butuan Bay ane advanced south up 1 River valley to Meloe. ‘This ma- Ho dery the valley toremmaxts forces casi of the Sayre Hghmay feneny who might be moving Peninsula. “By the end of “Tho batie for these poiticns route to Davao raged throvgh- Fane Not until the mide ‘enemy's resistance lng the to disintegrate. From th ‘remained only the todos ‘advance northwest along ‘Talon Tri contin on to ib on 25 June. Bayon! the point tied toca ‘posable and show wai of ete te ‘The Japanese agin tothe mostta tad be {he end of Jane bo eganized resstanen ea tg found rom Kibangas to Davao Opeeations on Miniaas ad tes ude the ontrd ‘of the Bigith Army, whieh lhe dizeted the campaign to iberte the seal Vinay. On 1 duly 1949 the wea. ot igh Army raponsbility was expanded to asa ti ‘ice Pilipine Arlipelage On Jay General Machsthuededarad Cie Phipps toby bess ts” “However, as the cotnandor in eel Painted out, balited actions of gras ato ‘ore bo expec the mountans trougut head Th te ig ay fey (On Minden, mus ofthis mnavoieble She ing tok the form of » steuly combat, peel scion against the sipenew tn pratelly nee Hove country as of Nalaynay oe Sop Highway. Tn adn torte conn mov. {ain acon, Patan combot team lel 84 the bead ofthe Staal Day on 12 ul thisara whereit wat one planed hat Ameria fore woul fst st “ot tery soon diven back nt the lls as fwerrihs, moving oelant fom Devan Gul ‘Sali contact vith the Twent-fowth Dis Son's battalion. Drv fom bah ens of the ‘Talon Teil wore sb tainted ean an tolaec, bt determined, dapanee Pork of rmistarce, Activiteinall 2 ara continual ntl 1h Aug, date c the depancenerptance athe Potala terns. ‘Th combed strength Sf sattred enemy soups on Mindanao Teduced to approsntaly 900 trope Fer rth nh Ura th sly a eons fads Nages te Cable sri Codopatns had be Uusbed cult oss a purest, with estan cle supp om ‘Tictanth, at Pore bontbey we bleed rer troop, prese owiy onthe il ase fet of Fuca, Tie conning atin pe ott te enemy for darptng elf to acre tauly need lumber fox the Negrotinberands feds by'Ts Aug abt aboot a ofthe oe Japanese garion ad. eer sane. ‘At the sure tame, over on Cbd, exe patra tion nthe part of the Americal Disbion ound for snot coemy sealers. AoW eeT - ; |JuaN|Fee| wan] ape | may |oune| su iad i see] JAN] Fe8 |vaR|apr |may |Juneluuty|auel sep | ocr | ‘s+ une wuuy}aue | sep | ocr |ssov| pee | pes a A