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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the history of Philippine literature. The scope of this module permits it to be
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o Lesson 1 – The Literary Forms in Philippine Literature
1
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer and write them on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The form of folk lyric which expresses hopes aspirations, the people’s lifestyles as
well as their love is
A. riddles B. proverbs C. folk songs D. tale myth
4. Both Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. Del Pilar are famous for their genre in .
A. essay B. novel C. drama D. poetry
5. During the American period, the weekly magazines that were published are
following EXCEPT for .
A. Bisaya B. Bulalat C. Liwayway D. Bannawag
7. The debate in verse that is spontaneously done with the protagonists who debate
about the pros and cons of an issue is known as .
A. Duplo B. Zarzwela C. Komedya D. Balagtasan
8. Various literary awards that recognized the works of Filipino writers are the
following EXCEPT for .
A. Philippine Herald
B. Philippine Free Press
C. HomeLife and Panorama
D. Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature
What is literature?
The world is constantly evolving with time and significant events in our
country’s history so is literature. With the emergence of new genres, the birth
of contemporary writers, and different platforms used in the 21 st century, many
forms of literature are now being recognized. Old forms of literature in print
should not be forgotten or replaced but rather be acknowledged and be
considered as the basis of the new forms of literature that we are now enjoying
today. Modern-day writers are more confident in expressing their artistry at the
same time being able to retain their style and techniques of writing at the same
time retaining their sense of nationalism. Various methods are employed by the
present-day Filipino authors to reach a wider audience across the globe in this
Internet age.
Since writers can reach wider readers from around the world, they can
exchange thoughts and ideas through discussion on women’s rights and
LGBTQIA plus that deals with the concept of self and its relation to the body,
mind, and soul. Identity is one of the common topics in today’s literature.
Sonnet 1
Jose Garcia
Villa
What’s New
Aside from poetry, many forms of literature can be classified according to its
period in Philippine history which has a strong effect on Filipino literary writers’ ability
since ancient times until these days. Some of the old forms of prose and poetry are
being modified by modern-day writers through their creative imagination while new
forms of literature are arising with the advent of technology.
As shown in the table that follows, literary forms in literature are divided into
the following era; (1) Pre-colonial times, (2) Spanish colonial tradition, (3) American
colonial period, and Contemporary Period.
● signifies the different forms
⮚ myth
Secular ⮚ korido
poetry or the ● “ Ibong Adarna”
metrical ⮚ awit
romance ● “Florante at Laura” in Tagalog
Secular lyrics ● Ang Manok Kong Bulik ("My White Rooster” )
of Jose Corazon de Jesus
⮚ Crissottan in Pampanga,
Essay in ● “I am a Filipino” by Carlos P, Romulo
English
Newspapers ● “El Nuevo Dia ( The New Daily) established by Sergio
Osmena
● “ El Grito Del Pueblo” ( The Call of Nation) established
by Pascual Poblete
● “El Renacimiento” ( The Rebirth) established by Rafael
Palma
Tagalog ⮚ dali or pasingaw
fiction
One-act play ● “ Wanted Chaperone,” &
● “ Forsaken House” by Wilfredo Maria Guerrero
Co Mobile Text ⮚ Textanaga
nt Tula
e ⮚ Dalitext
m
po ⮚ Dionatext
ra Graphic novels ● “Trese 5: Midnight Tribunal,” by Ferdinand Benedict T. Tan
ry & Jonathan A. Baldisimoa ;
Pe
● “Zsazsa Zaturnah sa Kalakhang Maynila” by Carlo Vergara
rio
d Creative ● “The Cardinal’s Sins, the General’s Cross, the
Nonfiction Martyr’s Testimony, and Other Affirmations” by
Gregorio C. Brillantes
● “Manananggal Terrorizes Manila And Other Stories” by
Jessica Zafra
Chick lit ● “Spotlight New Adult” by Mina V. Esguerra
● “Tall Story” by Candy Gourlay
● “All’s Fair in Blog and War” by Chrissie Per
Speculative ● “Smaller and Smaller Circles” by FH Batacan
Fiction ● “Sink” by Isabel Yap
● “The Secret Origin of Spin-Man” by Andrew Drilon
Flash fiction ● “100 Kislap,” by Abdon M. Balde Jr.
● “Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A Sarita” by Ariel
S. Tabag
Hyper Poetry ● http://www.yhchang.com/ALL_FALL_DOWN.html
Hyper Fiction http://www.glasswings.com.au/GlassWings/modern/24hours/
eBooks ● https://www.anvilpublishing.com/ebooks/
Blogs ● https://www.rappler.com/rappler-blogs
What is It
The historical events in our country played a significant role that facilitated the
evolution of the 21st-century literature in the Philippines. We can experience a better
appreciation of how Philippine literature has developed through a better
understanding of our country’s culture, traditions, and history that have shaped and
have awakened the sense of pride of being nationalistic of the present-day writers,
artists, and journalists.
Activity 1.Read the following lines and write the genre of Philippine
literature in Pre-colonial times on the first line then the purpose of each
on the second line.
Uyayi
3. Matulog ka na, bunso
To preserve culture Sleep now, youngest one
Ang ina mo ay malayo
Your mother is far away
at hindi ka masundo
and she can’t come for you
May putik, may balaho
There’s mud, there’s a swamp
Tanaga
Kakatibay ka tulos
4.
You may stand sturdy
To teach lesson Sakaling datnan ng agos
But when the water flow
Ako’y mumunting lumot
I, the humble moss
Sa iyo’y pupulupot
Can strangle you
Magtanim ay di biro;
Folksong Planting rice is not a
joke; maghapong
5. nakayuko.
To preserve culture the whole day you’re bent like an ox.
Di naman makatayo;
You cannot stand more than one bit;
di naman makaupo.
till you’re done you cannot sit.
Activity 2. Fill in each column. No. 1 is done for you.
*On the first column is the title of the text from Spanish
Colonial tradition. On the second column, is the type of
genre. On the third column is the language originally used
in the text. On the fourth column is the language or
languages it was translated. Write NA if it was not
translated at all and MANY if it was translated in different
languages.
"Does that worry you still, Maria?" my brother Leon said. "From the way
you talk, he might be an ogre, for all the world. Except when his leg that
was wounded in the Revolution is troubling him, Father is the mildest-
tempered, gentlest man I know."
We came to the house of Lacay Julian and I spoke to Labang loudly, but
Moning did not come to the window, so I surmised she must be eating
with the rest of her family. And I thought of the food being made ready at
home and my mouth watered. We met the twins, Urong and Celin, and I
said "Hoy!" calling them by name. And they shouted back and asked if my
brother Leon and his wife were with me. And my brother Leon shouted to
them and then told me to make Labang run; their answers were lost in
the noise of the wheels.
I stopped Labang on the road before our house and would have gotten
down but my brother Leon took the rope and told me to stay in the cart.
He turned Labang into the open gate and we dashed into our yard. I
thought we would crash into the camachile tree, but my brother Leon
reined in Labang in time. There was light downstairs in the kitchen, and
Mother stood in the doorway, and I could see her smiling shyly. My
brother Leon was helping Maria over the wheel. The first words that fell
from his lips after he had kissed Mother's hand were:
"He is in his room upstairs," Mother said, her face becoming serious. "His
leg is bothering him again."
8. It is a fictional work of extreme brevity that still offers character and plot
development. Identified varieties, many of them defined by word count, include
the six-word story; the 280-character story (also known as "twitterature"); the
"dribble" (also known as the "minisaga," 50 words);[2] the "drabble" (also known as
"microfiction," 100 words);[2] "sudden fiction" (750 words); flash fiction (1,000
words); and "micro-story".
9. It can consist of words, although not necessarily organized into lines and
stanzas, as well as, sounds, visual images, movement, or other special effects.
1. The pre-colonial forms of literature are folk speeches, songs or awit, Tagalog
proverbs or aphorisms, tanaga, folk songs, lullabies, narrative songs, folk
narratives, and epics.
2. Baybayin is a native alphabet or syllabary used by the Tagalogs in writing
songs, riddles, proverbs, short poems, narrative poems as well as epic poems.
3. Religion was a major influence in literature in the Spanish colonial area in which
4. The forms of literature during the Spanish period were classified as religious
prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.
5. Free public education and the use of English as a medium of instruction were
introduced in the Philippines during the American colonization.
6. Filipino writers in the American colonial period began writing critical essays,
free verse in poetry, and modern short story.
7. Resurgence of committed literature paved the way for awakening the Filipino
writer’s sense of nationalism.
8. Identity, history & memory, technology, and intertextuality are some of the
common themes explored by Filipino contemporary writers.
9. The newest forms of genres in the 21st century are blogs, eBooks, chic lit,
creative nonfiction, flash fiction, speculative fiction, graphic novels, hyper
poetry, hyperfiction, and mobile text Tula.
What I Can Do
Given the definition of mobile text Tula and an
example, create your own tex Tula and send it to the
number provided by the teacher.
Write a poem through a mobile text Tula like the example given.
Forty
Alone but not
lonely,
Blessed and
contended.
Embraced by a
loving family
And fortified by
caring friends
Good health and
life is all
That I ask from
God above.
Kaycee
Assessment
Let us find out how well you understood the lesson in
this part.
Assessment
What's More? What's More?
False
Activity 3. Activity 4.
2.A
2.No True
3. A
3. Yes True
4. B
4. Yes 5. A False
Lacay,H 6. B True
o False
y, Labang, 7.B
Urong True
8. A
9. A True
10. B True
References
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-
sca/literary-arts/philippine-literature-in-the-post-war-and-contemporary-period/
Walton, Ashley (2001-2020, Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. // Leaf Group
Education
https://www.teachervision.com/analyze-jose-garcia-villa-poem
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