Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research
Mixed Method

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It

can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test for causality, and
extend results to a wider population. Quantitative research is the opposite of
qualitative research.

I can use quantitative research methods for descriptive, correlation or

experimental research.

Quantitative research is rooted in positivism: through objective procedures,

researchers can discover these principles and apply them to understanding human
behavior. Positivism is generally considered a traditional scientific method, which
involves testing hypotheses and collecting objective data, hoping to arrive at a
discovery that is systematic, universal and can be replicated by other researchers.

Experimental Research: This involves the study of the effect of systematic

manipulation of one variable on another. Controlled variables are called
experimental treatment or independent variables. The variable that is observed and
measured is called the dependent variable.

Non-experimental research: The main form of non-experimental research is

relational research, including ex post research and related research and
investigative research. Post-event research is similar to experiments, except that
the researcher does not manipulate the independent variables that occur during
natural events.

Qualitative Research
Qualitative research tends to a phenomenon by focusing on the total image rather
than solving it.
Basic Interpretative Studies: Using data that may be collected in various ways,
such as observation, interviews, and document reviews.
Case Studies: A type of ethnographic research study that focuses on, for example,
an individual, a group or a program.
Document or Content Analysis: That is content analysis focuses on interpreting
recorded material about human behavior.
Ethnography: What are the culture and perspectives of this group of people in its
natural setting?
Grounded Theory: What theory can be derived inductively about a phenomenon
from the data collected in a particular setting?
Historical Research: What insights or conclusions can be reached about this past
event?
 Narrative Inquiry: What insights and understandings about an issue emerge from
examining life stories?
Phenomenological Studies: What does this experience mean for the participants in
the experience?

Mixed Method

The research that using mixed methods is research that collects, analyzes and
mixes 2 methods, namely quantitative and qualitative methods in one study.

 Someone who uses this method must understand quantitative and qualitative.
 Mixed methods research can be created when one type of research (quantitative
and qualitative cannot adequately address the problem in the research.
 Mixed methods are typically used for postgraduate study where qualitative
research has not been well established and where quantitative approaches are still
the norm.

Both quantitative and qualitative data are used to answer a specific set of
questions by researchers using mixed methods.

 Types of Mixed Methods

The first four as the basic design in use today and the last two as the plex design
becoming increasingly popular (Cresswell & Plano Clark, 2011), six of them are
as follows:
1. The convergent parallel design
Quantitative & Quantitative Data Collection  dibandingkan atau dihubungkan
 Analisis penafsiran
2. The explanatory sequential design
Quantitative Data Collection and AnalysisFollow up with Qualitative
DataInterpretation
3. The exploratory sequential design

Qualitative Data Collection AnalysisBuilds toQuan Data

C&AInterpretation

4. The transformative design

Quantitative DataFollow up withQualitative DataInterpretation
5. The multiphase design
(Overall program objective)
Study 1: QuantitativeInformsStudy 2: QualitativeInformsStudy 3:
Mixed Method
References

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C. & Sorensen, C. K. 2012. Introduction to Research in

Education. 8th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research. 4th Edition. Boston: Pearson

Education.

Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy. 2010. Mixed Methods Research. New York: The
Guilford Press.