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Which one of the following statements is true

about primate space in the primary dentition?
A. Primate space is located between ca-
nine and first molar in the mandibular
arch.
B. Primate space is located between canine
and first molar in the maxillary arch.
C. It should be present in permanent teeth.
D. Itshouldbepresentinpermanentteethand
deciduous teeth.
49. A 10-year-old girl presents to the office request-
ing to close her diastema. What is the correct
treatment for this patient?
A. Perform a frenectomy prior to orthodon-
tic treatment and after maxillary canines
erupt.
B. Perform a frenectomy prior to orthodon-
tic treatment and before maxillary canines
erupt.
C. Perform a frenectomy after orthodontic
treatmentandaftermaxillarycanineserupt.
D. Perform a frenectomy after orthodontic
treatment and before maxillary canines
erupt.
E. Do not perform a frenectomy, and proceed
with the orthodontic treatment.
50. Which one of the following statements is false
about headgear?
A. Headgear is typically used in skeletal class
II.
B. Headgear needs to be worn 10 to 14 hours
per day to be effective.
C. Treatment length is 6 to 18 months.
D. Headgear can be used in adult patients.
E. All of the above statements are false.
F. All of the above statements are true.
51. The wrist–hand radiograph is used by or-
thodontists to predict the time of the pubertal
growth spurt and thus jaw growth. What is ex-
amined in the wrist–hand radiograph?
A. Carpal bones of the wrist
B. Metacarpal bones of the hand
C. Phalanges of the fingers
D. All of the above
Orthodontics
Questions: 44-62 105
52. What is the most common site to find a super-
numerary tooth?
A. Distal to the third molars
B. Between the central incisors
C. Between the central and lateral incisors
D. Inferior border of the mandible
53. Which of the following is not considered a
method of closing a diastema?
A. Posterior bite plate
B. Lingual arch with finger spring
C. Hawley appliance with finger spring
D. Cemented orthodontic bands with inter-
tooth traction
54. Which of the following is used to maintain the
spaceofoneprematurelymissingprimarymolar?
A. Lingual holding arch
B. Distal shoe
C. Band and loop
D. A and B
E. B and C
55. A pediatric patient has premature loss of tooth
#A, but tooth #B is present, and #3 has not
erupted yet. What is the best space maintainer
for this situation
A. Hawley with finger spring
B. Hawley without finger spring
C. Distal shoe
D. Nance appliance
56. When is a Nance appliance indicated?
A. Bilateral loss of primary maxillary molars
B. Bilaterallossofprimarymandibularmolars
C. Loss of one primary molar
D. To control thumb-sucking behavior
57. What percent of the population is in class I
occlusion?
A. Less than 5%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 70%
58. Themesiobuccalcuspofthemaxillaryfirstmo-
lar is between the mandibular first molar and
mandibular second molar. What classification
of occlusion is this?
A. Class I
B. Class II division 1
C. Class II division 2
D. Class III
59. In class II occlusion, in what relationship is the
maxillary canine to the mandibular teeth?
A. Mesialtotheembrasurebetweenmandibu-
lar canine and mandibular first premolar
B. Between the mandibular canine and man-
dibular first premolar
C. Distal to the embrasure between the
mandibular canine and mandibular first
premolar
D. Lingual to the mandibular canine
60. The left molar is in a class II relationship,
whereas the right molar is in a class I relation-
ship.
A. Class II division 1 subdivision left
B. Class II division 1 subdivision right
C. Class II division 1 subdivision 1
D. Class I division 2 subdivision left
61. What is the sequence of treatment for an im-
pacted maxillary canine?
A. Extract overretained primary tooth, surgi-
callyexposecanine,placebracket,pullinto
arch through keratinized tissue.
B. Surgicallyexposecanine,placebracket,ex-
tract overretained primary tooth once ca-
nine has been pulled into arch as far as
possible.
C. Extract overretained primary tooth, surgi-
callyexposecanine,placebracket,pullinto
arch through alveolar mucosa.
D. Wait for canine to descend so that it is vis-
ible through palatal tissue, place bracket,
extract overretained primary tooth, pull ca-
nine into arch through keratinized tissue.
62. What is the name given to the line connecting
the upper border of the external auditory canal
and the lower orbital rim?
A. Frankel plane
B. Frankfort plane
C. Posselt envelope of motion
D. Sagittal plane
E. Angle plane
Orthodontics
106 Chapter 4: Orthodontics
63. Identifypogoniononthelateralcephalometric
tracing.
A. 1
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
64. Spacing is normal throughout the anterior sec-
tion of the primary dentition. The spaces are
called primate spaces and are found:
A. Between the lateral incisors and canines in
the maxilla
B. Between the canines and first molars in the
mandible
C. Between the lateral incisors and canines in
the mandible
D. A and B
E. B and C
65. On the lateral cephalometric radiograph, the
craniometric point orbitale refers to:
A. Lowest point on the inferior margin of the
orbit
B. Most anterior point on anterior wall of the
orbit
C. Highestpointonthesuperiormarginofthe
orbit
D. Most posterior point on posterior wall of
orbit
66. Identify basion on the lateral cephalometric
tracing.
A. 2
B. 14
C. 6
D. 7
67. Which is represented by #9 on the lateral
cephalometric radiograph?
A. ANS
B. Point A
C. Point B
D. Menton
E. Pogonion
68. Where is nasion found on the lateral cephalo-
metric radiograph?
A. The point of intersection between the
shadow of the zygomatic arch and the pos-
terior border of the ramus
B. Anterior point of the intersection between
the nasal and frontal bones
Orthodontics
Questions: 63-79 107
C. Intersection between the occipital and ba-
sisphenoid bones
D. Between the menton and pogonion
69. Which is the goal of molar uprighting?
A. Better lifetime of restorations due to im-
proved direction and distribution of oc-
clusal forces
B. Better periodontal prognosis
C. Easieraccessshouldendodontic/prosthetic
treatments become necessary
D. Better alveolar contour
E. All of the above
70. What are the properties of an ideal archwire?
A. High strength
B. Low stiffness
C. High range
D. High formability
E. All of the above
71. Which of the following alloys is not currently
used in archwires?
A. Nickel and titanium
B. Copper, tin, and titanium
C. Betatitanium(titaniumandmolybdenum)
D. Stainless steel and cobalt chromium
72. Which of the following is not a possible nega-
tive sequella associated with orthodontic treat-
ment?
A. Root resorption with fast tooth movement
or prolonged treatment
B. Development of gingivitis
C. Xerostomia
D. Decalcificationofenamelaroundbrackets/
bands
73. Why is a palate expander kept in the patient’s
mouth 3 to 6 months after expansion is com-
pleted?
A. To give patients time to improve oral hy-
giene
B. To allow for bone fill/reorganization in the
midpalatal suture region
C. To allow third molars to erupt
D. To prevent derangement of the temporo-
mandibular joint (TMJ)
74. A patient’s maxillary and mandibular midlines
are not coincident, and there is a mandibu-
lar shift noted as the patient closes his mouth.
What type of crossbite is likely in this patient?
A. Functional
B. Skeletal
75. Which of the following are types of removable
retainers?
A. Lingual bonded retainer
B. Hawley retainer
C. Essix retainer
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. All of the above
76. What is the drawback of a palatal bonded re-
tainer?
A. Occlusal interference
B. Aesthetics
C. Patient compliance
D. Ability to prevent relapse of midline di-
astemas
77. What are the properties of the alveolar ridge?
A. It exists to support teeth.
B. It does not form if a tooth fails to erupt.
C. It resorbs after a tooth is extracted.
D. It grows in height and length.
E. All of the above
78. When is postorthodontic circumferential sup-
racrestal fibrotomy indicated?
A. To prevent mesial drift of the mandibular
incisors
B. To prevent maxillary lateral incisors from
relapsing into their previously rotated posi-
tion
C. To maintain the buccal plate after move-
ment of an impacted canine
D. To control thumb-sucking behavior
79. Which is the normal relationship between pri-
mary molars?
A. Flush terminal plane
B. Mesial step
C. Distal step
Orthodontics
108 Chapter 4: Orthodontics
80. The distal step relationship in primary molars
oftentranslatestowhichclassificationofocclu-
sion in the permanent molars?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
81. Whichofthefollowingareconsideredsystemic
causes for delayed tooth eruption?
A. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
B. Down syndrome
C. Rickets
D. All of the above
82. An orthodontist has moved the crown of tooth
#8 in one direction, whereas the roots were dis-
placed in the opposite direction about an axis
of rotation. This is the definition of:
A. Tipping
B. Bodily movement
C. Rotation
D. Extrusion
83. Which orthodontic force moves the tooth into
the socket along the long axis of the tooth?
A. Extrusion
B. Intrusion
C. Torque
D. Tipping
84. Which cells are pivotal for the process of tooth
movement through bone?
A. Red blood cells and white blood cells
B. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C. Neutrophils
D. Oligodendroglia
85. What are the average distances of mandibular
leeway space and maxillary leeway space per
side, respectively?
A. 2.5 mm, 1.5 mm
B. 3 mm, 4 mm
C. 3 to 4 mm, 2 to 2.5 mm
D. 5 to 6 mm, 4 to 5 mm
86. Which of the following scenario is a serial ex-
traction indicated in?
A. Loss of primary incisors due to early child-
hood caries
B. Severe class I malocclusion in mixed den-
tition stage, with insufficient arch length
C. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral in-
cisors
D. To prevent mesial drift and subsequent
crowding of mandibular incisors after all
permanent teeth have erupted
87. Which of the following conditions is not asso-
ciated with supernumerary teeth?
A. Gardner syndrome
B. Cleidocranial dysplasia
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Down syndrome
E. Sturge–Weber syndrome