INTRODUCTION

There are 2 methods that always be use to solve the problem that related to linear
programming. The methods are the graph method and simplex method. To show the
differences between this 2 methodes, here is showed the ways to solve the problem
that given by using both of the methods that are given above.

First Methode – Graph Methode

Step 1
Student need to write the related inequalities.
i. 0.2x + 0.3y > 240 …..1
ii. 0.25x + 0.1y > 150 …..2
iii. 0.02x + 0.06y > 30 …..3

Step 2
Draw a graph by using the straight lines equation above. For line (1), use (0,0) to
easier for the student to draw the straight line.

When x = 0, 0.2 (0) + 0.3y = 240.

0.3y = 240
y = 800.
When y = 0, 0.2x + 0.3 (0) = 240
0.2x = 240
x = 1200
Therefore, we get 2 points, the points are ( 0, 800 ) and ( 1200, 0 ).

GRAF

For line (2),The same procedure with the line 1 are use
When x = 0, 0.25 (0) + 0.1y = 150.
0.1y = 150
y = 1500
When y = 0, 0.25x + 0.1 (0) = 150
0.25x = 150
x = 600
For the second line we get 2 point ,the points are ( 0, 1500 ) dan ( 600, 0 ).

GRAF

Proceed the process, to get the thrid line by using the same procedure as line 1 and
line 2.

When x = 0, 0.02 (0) + 0.06y = 30.

0.06y = 30
y = 500.
When y = 0, 0.02x + 0.06 (0) = 30
0.02x = 30
x = 1500
Therefore, the thrid points are ( 0, 500 ) and (1500, 0 ).

GRAF

Plot all of the points on a piece of a paper graph and join all the point to form 3
straight line.

Step 3
Determining of region R.To determine the region R, that is the region of problem
solving, test each of the inequalities. Take one point at the top or at the bottom of the
line. If it satisfied all the inequalities that is given, therefore shaded the region that
involve all the point that has been tested. For example :
Take the first inequalities that is 0.2x + 0.3y > 240. From the graph, point ( 0, 600 )
that is under the equation 0.2x + 0.3y = 240.
= 0.2 (0) + 0.3 (600)
= 0 + 2000
= 2000
Shown that 2000 < 2400,therefore, the shaded region are under the line equation of
0.2x + 0.3y = 240.The same step are use to the inequalities 2 and 3.When all 3
inequalities has been tested, there are one area in the graph that fill up with all of the
inequalities that given.This area is the R region that find to solve the problem given.

GRAF

Step 4
To determine the minimum and maximum cost.There are corner on region
R.The problem that face by the compony ABC can be solve by using this corners. To
determine the minimum cost and maximum serving for this special food,the objective
function that is 4x+3y should be use.
There are 4 corner that is A,B,C and D where is the coordinate A(0,0),
B(600,0),C(465,340) and D(0,500). Therefore, in order to determine the minimum
and maximun cost,all the points A,B,C and D should be tested in the objective
function.
Use point A (0,0) and substitute the values x and y in that objective function.

A (0, 0) = 4x + 3y
= 4 (0) + 3 (0)
= RM 0
So that mean the company ABC did not produce any product.
B (600, 0) = 4x + 3y
= 4 (600) + 3 (0)
= RM 2400
C ( 465, 340) = 4x + 3y
= 4 (465) + 3 (340)
= RM 2880
D ( 0, 500) = 4x + 3y
= 4 (0) + 3 (500)
= RM 1500
As the conclusion, the company ABC produce maximum cost when it produce 465
product x and 340 of product y.
Second Methode – Simplex Methode

20x + 30y > 24000

4x + 6y > 4800 .....1

25x + 10y > 15000

5x + 2y > 3000 .....2

x + 3y > 1500 .....3

x > 0, y > 0
f = 4x + 3y

By using simplex methode

4x + 6y – s1 = 4800
5x + 2y – s2 = 3000
x + 3y – s3 = 1500
f – 4x – 3y = 0
Table 1
Basic f x y s1 s2 s3 Solution
f 1 - - 0 0 0 0
4 3 4800 ÷ 4 = 1200
s1 0 4 6 -1 0 0 4800
s2 0 5 2 0 -1 0 3000 3000 ÷ 5 = 600
s3 0 1 3 0 0 -1 1500 1500 ÷ 1 =1500

Table 2
Basic f x y s1 s2 s3 Solution
f 1 0 - 7/5 0 - 4/5 0 2400
s1 0 0 22/5 - 4/5 0 2400
2400 / ( 22/5 ) = 6000/11
1
x 0 1 2/5 0 - 1/5 0 600 600 / ( 2/5 ) = 1500
s3 0 0 13/5 0 1/5 -1 900 900 / ( 13/5 ) = 4500 / 13
Old f row 1 -4 -3 0 0 0 0
- (-4) xn.p.r 0 -4 -8/5 0 4/5 0 -2400
1 0 -7/5 0 -4/5 0 2400

Old s1 row 0 4 6 -1 0 0 4800

- (4) xn.p.r 0 4 8/5 0 -4/5 0 2400
0 0 22/5 -1 4/5 0 2400

Old s3 row 0 1 3 0 0 -1 1500

- (1) xn.p.r 0 1 2/5 0 -1/5 0 600
0 0 13/5 0 1/5 -1 900

Table 3
Basic f x y s1 s2 s3 Solution
f 1 0 0 0 -9/13 -7/13 37500/13
s1 0 0 0 -1 6/13 22/13 11400/13
x 0 1 0 0 -3/13 7/13 6000/13 11400/13 ÷ ( 6/13 ) = 1900
y 0 0 1 0 1/13 -5/13 4500/13 6000/13 ÷ ( -3/13 ) = -3000
4500/13 ÷ ( 1/13 ) = 4500

Old f row 1 0 -2/5 0 -4/5 0 2400

- (-2/5) xn.p.r 0 0 -7/5 0 -7/65 7/13 -6300/13
1 0 0 0 -9/13 -7/13 37500/13

Old s1row 0 0 22/5 -1 4/5 0 2400

- (22/5) xn.p.r 0 0 22/5 0 22/65 -22/13 19800/13
0 0 0 -1 6/12 22/13 11400/13

Old x row 0 1 2/5 0 2/5 0 600

- (2/5) xn.p.r 0 0 2/5 0 2/65 -2/13 1500/13
0 1 0 0 -3/13 2/13 6000/13
Table 4
Basic f x y s1 s2 s3 Solution
f 1 0 0 -3/2 0 2 4200
s2 0 0 0 -13/6 1 11/3 1900
x 0 1 0 -1/2 0 1 900 1900/ (-13/6)=11400/13
y 0 0 1 1/6 0 -2/3 200 900/ (-1/2)= -1800
200/ (1/6)= 1200

Old f row 1 0 0 0 -9/13 -7/13 37500/13

- (-9/13) xn.p.r 0 0 0 3/2 -9/13 -33/13 -17100/13
1 0 0 -3/2 0 2 4200

Old x row 0 1 0 0 -3/13 2/13 6000/13

- (-3/13) xn.p.r 0 0 0 ½ -3/13 -11/13 -5700/13
0 1 0 -1/2 0 1 900

Old y row 0 0 1 0 1/13 -5/13 4500/13

- (1/13) xn.p.r 0 0 0 -1/6 1/13 11/39 1900/13
0 0 1 1/6 0 -2/3 200

Cost = RM 4200
x = 900
y = 200
Income ( 30 students )
Methode No. Of Confuse Student No. Of Understood Student
Graph 8 22
Simplex 20 10

The above table shows that the income from the uses of two methode that teached to
the student. From 30 students, 8 students are confuse to solve the problem that
involving the linear programming by using the graph methode, therefore 22 students
more understood that methode.
For simplex methode, 20 students are confuse and some of them cannot follow the
way to solve that linear programming. Only 10 students understood and can solve it
by using the simplex methode. On my observation, this methode is quite different
compare to the graph methode that is more easier for student to understand.
This is happened because the students can see the way to solve their problem clearly
by using graph methode compare to the simplex methode that is more complicated
and their calculation is quite long.

References :
http://www.phpsimplex.com/en/simplex_method_theory.htm
http://math.uww.edu/~mcfarlat/simplex1.htm#basic
http://www.accountingformanagement.com/linear_programming_simplex_method.ht
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