Chinese Standard GB

The People's Republic of China national standard boiler performance test procedures GB10184 - ...
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The People's Republic of China National Standard

Boiler performance test procedures
GB10184
Performance test code for utility boiler - 88
The People's Republic of China Machinery and Electronic Industry 1988-11-08

1989-07-01
approved implementation
of the
A thematic content and scope of application
This standard specifies the power plant boiler performance test methods, as the boiler perform
Income test) basis.
This standard applies to evaporation of 35t / h or 35t / h above the steam outlet pressure or the
Degree of over 400 steam boilers.
This standard
Generating boilers also
otherapplies for other
parameters purposes
can also (such astothe
be reference theadjustment
use of the of operating conditions,
performance test. f
Rate test.
This standard does not apply to nuclear power plant steam generator performance tests.
2 Reference Standard
GB211 Determination of total moisture in coal
GB212 Coal Industry Analysis Method
GB214 Determination of total sulfur in coal method
GB218 coal Determination of carbonate carbon dioxide levels
GB219 Determination of fusibility of coal
GB260 Determination of Water in Petroleum Products
GB261 petroleum products Determination of flash point (closed cup method)
GB265 Determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products
GB266 petroleum products Engler Determination
GB267 with the burning of petroleum products Determination of flash point (open cup method
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The People's Republic of China national standard boiler performance test procedures GB10184 - ... Page 2 of 76
GB267 with the burning of petroleum products Determination of flash point (open cup method
GB268 petroleum products Determination of residual carbon
GB380 Determination of sulfur content of petroleum products (lamp method)
GB384 Determination of calorific value of petroleum products
GB388 Determination of sulfur content in petroleum products (oxygen bomb method)
GB474 method involves reduction of coal sample
GB476 elemental analysis of coal
GB483 general provisions of Coal Analysis
GB508 petroleum products Determination of ash
GB510 Determination of pour point of petroleum products
GB1033 corrugated tube manometer
GB1226 General Pressure Gauge
GB1227-precision pressure gauge
GB1598 industrial platinum rhodium
13- Eventhermocouple
platinum wire
GB1608 Electric Contact Pressure Gauge
GB1884 oil and liquid petroleum products Determination of density (density meter method)
GB2538 Oil test method
Determination of density of petroleum products GB2540
Page 2
GB2565 coal grindability test method

GB2586 thermal units Symbols and Conversion
GB2587 General heat balance
GB2588 Equipment General thermal efficiency calculation method
GB2614-Ni-Cr - Ni-Si thermocouple wire and sub-degree table
GB2624 throttle flow measurement device
GB2902 platinum - PlatinumThermocouple
and rhodium wire and sub-degree table
30 and rhodium
6
GB2903 Copper - copper-nickel (constantan) thermocouple wire and sub-degree table
GB3101 related to the amount of units and symbols of the general principles of
GB3486 evaluation of hot technology company reasonable guidelines for
GB3772 platinum
10- Platinum
and rhodium
thermocouple wire and sub-degree table
GB3927 DC potentiometer
GB3927 DC potentiometer
GB3930 measured thermal resistance with DC bridge
GB4270 thermal graphic symbols and text code
GB4272 equipment and pipe insulation technology General
GB4882 data processing and interpretation of statistical test of normality
JB470 diaphragm pressure gauge
JB913 industrial thermocouples and technical conditions
JB1064 laboratory glass thermometer type, the basic parameters and dimensions
JB1066 laboratory glass thermometer technical conditions
RS-1-1 coal-fired sample
RS-3-1 fuel, fly ash and slag sample preparation
RS-4-2 particle size is below 3mm coal Rapid Determination of the external water
RS-26-1 fly ash and slag in the determination of combustible material
RS-28-1 fuel sample
SS-2-1 water, gas sample collection
3 terminology, symbols, code-named
3.1 The terms, definitions
3.1.1 Boiler
The use of heat released by fuel combustion, heat water in order to obtain the required parame
To be used for power generation boiler unit.
Composition.
Usually by the boiler, fuel and smoke ventilation system, measurement control systems and other a
3.1.2 Heat Input
With the per kilogram or per standard cubic meter of fuel input energy balance of the boiler sy
Heat,- physical sensible heat, with external heat source when the heating fuel or air into the heat and
Heat.
3.1.3 Output heat
Relative per kilogram or per standard cubic meters of fuel and energy balance of refrigerant in
Sewage and other external steam consumed by the heat and so on.
3.1.4 Rated evaporation
Rated steam boiler (including the import of steam reheater) parameters, rated water temperatu
Laid down when evaporation.
3.1.5 Maximum Continuous Evaporation
Boiler at rated steam parameters, rated water temperature, and using the design fuel, security,
Page 3
Page 3
Evaporation.
3.1.6 Minimum steady combustion load and critical load of liquid slag
The boiler at low load operation, can burn long-term stability can be sustained by the minimum
MustFor the coal-fired boiler,
be supplemented with oilas(or
notgas fuel) combustion minimum combustion stability of the evap
The critical
Steady flowload for the
of liquid liquid
slag slag.slag, said the minimum load
furnace
3.1.7 Air Leakage coefficient and air leakage rate
a. Leakage factor: flue gas channel out, entrance flue gas excess air coefficient is poor, or air p
The difference with the theoretical amount of air gas ratio.
b. air leakage rate: a certain period of leaking into the flue gas side of the air quality in accoun
3.1.8 Boiler Thermal Efficiency
Boiler thermal efficiency of the heat output of the percentage of total heat input.
3.2 symbols, code-named
Chinese phonetic alphabet used in this order as the primary angle standard.
Shows fuel, refrigerant
Uppercase and sounit
letters boiler on.equipment, use lower-case alphabet
Table 1 for non-Chinese phonetic alphabet (not including figures) angle subscript, superscript,
3), In (m
Used in this standard cubic meters addition there are special instructions refer to both the stan
3.3 The boiler thermal efficiency of the strike law
3.3.1 Input - output of thermal efficiency of the heat method, namely, direct measurement
of the input
Balance and output heat boiler thermal efficiency obtained. This method is also known
method.
as Zheng-ping
Output heat
Boiler thermal =efficiency × 100 %
Heat Input
3.3.2 thermal efficiency of heat loss method, that is obtained by determining the thermal
efficiency of the heat loss. This method is alsoTable
known 1 as the anti-balance method.
C. Code Description Location
o Theory Upper corner of the Stan
b Guarantee Upper corner of the Stan
' Import Upper corner of the Stan
" Export Upper corner of the Stan
e Rated Upper corner of the Stan
max Largest Top corner or bottom corner s
min Smallest Top corner or bottom corner s
-- Average Superscript
v Vacuum Subscripts
p Constant pressure Subscripts
c CFV Subscripts
o Baseline state; relative Subscripts
o
Ⅰ, Ⅱ Heating surface series Subscripts
n Standard state Subscripts
∆ Difference Prefix
Σ Total Prefix
Table 2
Symbol Said Ming Units
1, thermal equilibrium
Q1 Corresponding per kilogram (or per standard cubic meters)
kJ / of
kg,the /3m fu
kJ boiler
Page 4
A heat
Corresponding per kilogram (or per standard cubic meters) of the boiler fu
Qr Into the heat kJ / kg, kJ /3m
η Boiler thermal efficiency (gross efficiency) %
η The net efficiency of the boiler %
j
b Standard coal power plant kg / (kW · h)
ΣP Auxiliary boiler equipment, motor power of the sum of KW
Qzy Own heat boiler kJ / kg, kJ / m
QyDW Application of low calorific value of fuel-based kJ / kg, kJ / m
Qrx Physical sensible heat of fuel kJ / kg, kJ / m
Qw1 External heat source heating the air into the heat of kJ / kg, kJ / m
Qwh Atomized steam into the heat of kJ / kg, kJ / m
Q2 Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meters) of fuel exhaust
kJ /heat loss
kg, kJ /m
Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meter) fuel combustible gases is not fu
Q3 kJ / kg, kJ / m
Combustion heat loss
Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meter) incomplete combustion of solid
Q4 Heat loss kJ / kg, kJ / m
Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meter) fuel boiler heat loss heat
Q5 Volume kJ / kg, kJ / m
Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meter) fuel ash physical sensible heat l
Q6 kJ / kg, kJ / m
Heat loss
q2 Exhaust heat loss percentage
q3 Combustible Gas heat loss percentage of incomplete combustion
Solid heat loss percentage of incomplete combustion of
3
q4 Solid heat loss percentage of incomplete combustion of
q5 The percentage of the boiler heat loss
Qe5 Rated evaporation heat loss when the percentage of
q6 Ash percentage of the physical heat loss
t0 Base temperature ,K
2, water and steam
D Boiler evaporation t/h
De Boiler rated evaporation t/h
D gq Superheated steam flow (main steam flow) t/h
Dpc Sewage water flow t/h
D ' zq Reheater steam flow entrance t/h
D bq The amount of saturated steam out t/h
Dzj Reheat Steam Water Flow t/h
hgs Water Enthalpy kJ / kg
hbs Enthalpy of saturated water kJ / kg
hbq Saturated steam enthalpy kJ / kg
hzj Reheat steam enthalpy by warm water kJ / kg
hgq Superheated steam enthalpy (main steam enthalpy) kJ / kg
h ' zq Reheat steam inlet enthalpy kJ / kg
h " zq Reheater exit steam enthalpy kJ / kg
hwh Atomizing steam enthalpy kJ / kg
(Hbq)o The base temperature of saturated steam enthalpy kJ / kg
Tgq Superheated steam temperature (main steam temperature) ,K
Tbq Saturated steam temperature ,K
Tbs Saturated water temperature ,K
Tbgs Water temperature (design value or the guaranteed value) ,K
Page 5
Tgs Measured water temperature ,K

pgq Superheated steam pressure (main steam pressure) Mpa
pgs Water Pressure Mpa
pbq Saturated vapor pressure Mpa
p ' zq, P Reheat steam pressure of imports and exports
" Mpa
zq
3, fuel and ash
3, fuel and ash

Respectively, the fuel analysis and application of carbon-based quality of c
Cf, C y Rate
Were analyzed for fuel hydrogen-based and application-based quality of co
Hf, H y Rate
Analysis of the base respectively, and application of the fuel sulfur content
Sf, S y
Rate
Respectively, the fuel-based and application-based analysis of the quality o
Of, O y Rate
Respectively, the fuel-based and application-based analysis of the quality o
Nf, N y Rate
Analysis of the base respectively, the fuel quality, ash content and applicat
Af, A y Fraction
Respectively, the base fuel analysis and application of water quality
Wf, W y
Fraction
Vr Volatile combustible fuel-based
Ag Fuel Dry Ash
Cyr Application of the actual burning of the fuel out of carbon-based quality of
Azs Conversion of fuel ash
QfDW ,
Respectively, the fuel-based and application-based analysis
y kJ / of
kg,low-
kJ / m
Q DW
Q szDW Low calorific value of coal stones kJ / kg
QfGW , Respectively, the fuel-based and application-based analysis of high
kJ / kg, kJ / m
QvDW Heat
Q jd Fuel thaw heat kJ / kg
CO Gas volume fraction in the percentage of CO
H2 Gas fuel H The percentage of volume content
2
O2 Gas fuel O 2The percentage of volume content
N2 Gas in N 2The percentage of volume content
CH4 Gas fuel CH The percentage of volume content
4
CO2 Gas fuel CO The percentage of volume content
2
H2S Gas fuel H
2Volume content of the percentage of S
H 2O Gas fuel H 2O volume fraction percentage of the
CmHn Gas in C The percentage of volume content
mHn
B Boiler fuel consumption per hour kg / h, m3/ h
Bsz Pebbles of coal kg / h
β Fuel characteristic factor --
tr Solid fuel temperature ,K
tr.yo Fuel temperature ,K
trq Gas Temperature ,K
ρ
qn Standard state density of the gas fuel kg / m3
µ
h The concentration of fuel gas containing ash g / m3
dq Gas humidity g / m3
Page 6
cr Specific heat of solid fuels kJ / (kg · K)

cgr Specific heat of solid fuels dry base kJ / (kg · K)
cr · yo Fuel specific heat kJ / (kg · K)
cr · q Gas Heat 3· K)
kJ / (m
45µ m aperture standard sieve on the sample accounted for the remaining
R45 The percentage of quality
1000µ m aperture standard sieve accounted for the remaining coal on the t
R1000 The quality of the percentage of samples
n Coefficient of uniformity characteristics of pulverized coal particle
--
T1, T 1 Ash began to deformation temperature K,
T2, T 2 Ash began softening temperature K,
T3, T 3 Ash fusion temperature of the beginning K,
alz Ash gray slag amount of total mass percentage of
afh Fly ash gray ash quality of total percentage of
acjh Deposition of total ash gray ash quality and quantity of the percentage of
alm Leakage in coal ash quality and quantity of total ash percentage of
Cclz Slag in the percentage of combustible material quality
C cfh The percentage of combustibles in fly ash quality
Cccjh Quality of ash deposition in the percentage of combustible material
C clm Leakage in coal quality and the percentage of combustible material
C The average carbon content of ash and the ratio of the amount%of coal ash
t lz Slag Temperature ,K
tfh Ash temperature ,K
tcjh Ash deposition temperature ,K
tlm Leakage of coal temperature ,K
ch Ash Heat kJ / (kg · K)
cr Combustible material specific heat kJ / (kg · K)
4, flue gas and air
Qgy2 Dry flue gas heat away kJ / kg, kJ / m
Qgy2 Dry flue gas heat away kJ / kg, kJ / m

Q H2O Sensible heat of water vapor contained in flue gas kJ / kg, kJ / m
2
Per kilogram (or per standard cubic meter) of dry fuel burning generates sm
Vgy Gas volume m3/ kg, m3/ m
θ Boiler flue gas temperature ,K
py
θ b Guarantee or design boiler flue gas temperature ,K
py
θ '
sm, Economizer imports and exports (along the flue gas flow) smoke temperat
,K
θ" Degree
sm
θ ' Air Preheater Inlet Gas Temperature ,K
ky
µ Carbon concentration of smoke g / m3
α Flue gas excess air coefficient
α s Measured exhaust excess air coefficient
py
cp· Gy 3· K)
Dry flue gas, the average constant pressure specific heat kJ / (m
cp··Co 2 Carbon dioxide, the average constant pressure specific heat 3· K)
kJ / (m
cp··O 2 Of oxygen, the average constant pressure specific heat kJ / (m 3· K)
cp··N 2 The average nitrogen constant pressure specific heat 3· K)
kJ / (m
Page 7
cp··Co The average carbon monoxide gas constant pressure specific 3· K)

heat
kJ / (m
Smoke three atomic gas (ie CO
RO2 2+ SO2) The volume content of 100
Fraction
O2 Oxygen content in flue gas volume percentage of
N2 Flue gas volume content of nitrogen in the percentage of
CO The volume of flue gas carbon monoxide content of the percentage of
CH4 Flue gas volume content of methane in the percentage of
H2 Flue gas volume content of hydrogen in the percentage of
CmHn In flue gas volume content of the percentage of hydrocarbons
V Water vapor contained in flue gas volume m3/ m3
Ho
φ2 Air relative humidity
dk Air absolute humidity kg / kg (dry air)
dg Gas humidity kg / kg (dry gas)
pact The atmospheric pressure measured in situ Pa
(Pb)o The base temperature of water vapor saturation pressure Pa
cp H 2O
· Water vapor, the average constant pressure specific heat kJ (m3· K)
The People's Republic of China national standard boiler performance test procedures GB10184... Page 10 of 76
cp 2O kJ (m
VSF Into the air preheater of the air volume M3/ h
t' k The inlet air temperature of air preheater ,K
c' p·k Air preheater inlet air temperature of the air constant pressure 3specific
kJ / (m· K) hea
(Cp ·)ok The base temperature of air constant pressure specific heat 3· K)
kJ / (m
β ' Air preheater inlet air volume and air volume theory of ratio
ky
(Hk)o Enthalpy of the air base temperature kJ / m3
(Hok) ' Air preheater inlet air temperature, air-enthalpy of the theory / m3
kJ of
H ' QR Heater (Pre-preheater) imports refrigerant enthalpy kJ / m3
H " QR Heater (Pre-preheater) export refrigerant enthalpy kJ / m3
VOgk m3/composition
Application of fuel the theoretical calculation of the base kg, m 3/ m the
VOgy 3/ kg, m of
Application of the base composition of fuel dry flue gasmvolume 3/ m
the theo
Application of fuel-based composition, by the actual burning out of carbon
(Vogk)c Theory dry m3/ kg
Air volume
Application of fuel-based composition, by the actual burning out of carbon
(Vogy)c Theory dry m3/ kg
Flue gas volume
The sum of the heat loss

Boiler thermal =efficiency
1 --
( ) × 100 %
Heat Input
3.3.3 use 3.3.1 or section 3.3.2 Determination of the boiler thermal efficiency of the heat
balance
Figure 2.system boundary shown in Figure 1, the heat balance between the
Page 8
Figure 1 boiler unit heat balance system boundary diagram

3.3.4 Acceptance testing for the power plant boiler, this standard specifies use of
determination
Method ofefficiency
thermal thermal efficiency of heat loss. Can also be supplemented by input -
as a reference.
output
3.3.5 inofaccordance
heat with this standard number 6,7 s income gross thermal efficiency of the
boiler efficiency. When necessary, according to the method described in Chapter 8 in
Efficiency.
order to net the thermal efficiency is only considered the main heat loss, and only
3.3.6 simplify
applied
Thermalthe base fuel(see
efficiency as aArticle
low-heat
6.4boiler
of thisheat input
standard).
WhenThis article applies
necessary, only in certain
some parameters of thesituations negotiations
test method agreed
can also be upon acceptance
simplified tests.
as appropriate.
Page 9
Figure 2 boiler unit heat balance

4 Guidelines
4.1 Energy Balance System
4.1.1 This standard specifies the boundaries of the boiler unit system shown in Figure 1,
including: the water
Powder systems, system with
combustion a circulating
equipment, pump
and flue gaswith the systemfan
recirculation of and
coalso
mill
on.
Does not include: air heater, oil heater, delivery, induced draft fan is located, etc.
Prepared.
4.1.2 In exceptional circumstances, after consultations will also change the boundaries of
these systems,
4.1.3 the but must
provisions be boiler
of the amended accordingly
air blower at theon the testtocalculation.
entrance the temperature of the input
and output energy of the starting-point, that is, the base temperature.
When the boiler is equipped with air heater and hot air recycling device, acceptance tests shou
4.1.4 Applications using fuel-based low heat.
4.1.5 This standard specifies use of "International System of Units of Water and Steam
Properties" (Water
Thermodynamic Resources
properties of and Electric
steam tables.Power Press, 1983 first edition)
4.2 should be agreed projects.
4.2.1 Test purpose and content.
Page 10
4.2.2 test units, testing personnel and responsibilities. When necessary, should be clear
4.2.3 Test fuel
differences properties.
occurred when the arbitration unit.
4.2.4 relating to the measurement and testing.
4.2.5 fuel, ash, smoke, steam, water and other sampling methods and related laboratory
analysis.
4.2.6 Test instruments and their technical characteristics and calibration units (see Chapter
5).
4.2.7 Device Status and trial period of operation modes, including auxiliary equipment
operation mode. in the calculation and error analysis of the principle of the test results
4.2.8 Efficiency
permissible
Tolerance. error and repeatability between tests the efficiency of operating conditions
4.2.9 not to measure a given heat loss, simplified thermal
4.2.9 not to measure a given heat loss, simplified thermal

efficiency of testing
4.2.10 stable andofcalculation
condition methods.
confirmation.
4.2.11 the main parameters of the boiler during the test permitted fluctuations (but shall not
exceed the provisions
4.2.12 special workingofconditions
Table 3). and abnormal situations will be handled, test data, trade-
offs.
4.2.13 Conversion to ensure the efficiency under the conditions of calculation.
4.2.14 all ash residue collection points, the ratio between the amount of ash (ash balance
percentage).
4.2.15 Test Outline
Test outline prepared by the test person in charge, and after trial and agreed upon.
Include:
a. the purpose of testing;
b. Test conditions and requirements;
c. Test condition;
d. the main measuring points, the test means;
e. Test data processing principles;
f. testing personnel and organizations;
g. test schedule;
h. Other.
4.2.16 When the equipment by a different supplier (manufacturing) units together provide,
the right
4.2.17 tothe
test share the responsibility
preservation of the
of original equipment
records unit. performance.
4.2.18 Other issues not entirely within this standard.
4.3 Tolerance Test Results
4.3.1 This standard does not consider the value of the total tolerance performance
Shall test results.
guarantees. According to the trial observations and amendments by the results of
calibration
4.3.2 If the calculations
parties to the agreement by the participants was clearly stipulated in the permit
measurement
Standard Chapterand 10sampling error
for error or measurement
analysis error, when the thermal efficiency,
and calculations.
according to the present
4.4 Test conditions and test preparation
4.4.1 Boiler Unit confirmed that all the main and auxiliary engine can operate normally
Recognized
and satisfy theby test
the requirements.
commissioningFor of its
theoperating units
acceptance have
tests, reached
shall satisfactory
be subject condition.
to relevant
parties
4.4.2 to close the entire boiler unit checks
a. elimination of smoke, wind and coal pulverizing system should not be any leakage;
b. elimination of steam, water, fuel leakage;
c. identify pilot unit system has been isolated and other non-pilot system.
4.4.3 For the acceptance tests should be made at the beginning of all the heating surface
before the test remain
4.4.4 determine normaland
are adequate operation of the cleanliness.
in accordance with the provisions of the pilot testing of
fuel.
4.4.5 for all involved in the pilot instrument (device) for validation and calibration.
4.4.6 equipment, the actual state of heating surface cleanliness and fuel characteristics,
etc., and any
Recorded deviation
in the from the pre-specified conditions, shall be credited
test report.
Page 11
4.4.7 is not allowed during the test trial conditions that could interfere with any action,
such as sewage,
4.5 unit blowing, playing coke and so on.
settling time
Acceptance testing prior to the boiler unit to be continuously running for more than 3 days.
OK load
12h test loadthe
before shall be not
formal less
trial, thethan
first75%,
unitsafter 3h the
shipped 9h scheduled test load should be maintained.
Fluctuation range of 4.6 Parameters
Acceptance testing process, the boiler and steam evaporation parameter fluctuations in the ma
Table 3
Measurements The observed values deviate from the
"220 ± 3%
Evaporation D
65 ~ 220 ± 6%
t/h "65 ± 10%
Vapor pressure p ≥ 9.5 ± 2%1)
MPa "9.5 ± 4%1)
+5
540
-10
Steam temperature t +5
450
-15
+10
400
-20
Note: 1) does not exceed the maximum allowable working pressure.
4.7 Preliminary Test
Before an official trial, subject to a formal pilot test project and requested a preliminary test.
4.7.1 Preliminary test purposes:
a. Testing devices and equipment;
b. training of personnel test observations.
4.7.2 and tested all parties recognized no objection to the test results of the cases,
preliminary tests also can be used as a formal test
Points.
4.8 The duration of the acceptance tests
Determination of thermal efficiency of boiler unit when the duration of the experiment in Tabl
Table 4 h
Combustion Method of determination
Condition
of thermal
stableefficiency
time trial duration Preparation
Solid slag ≥ 0.5 ≥4 --
Heat loss method
Fire Room Condition to ext
Liquid slag Or
Furnace ≥1 "4 By
Input -furnace)
(Including the cyclone output heat method
Test the parties a
Heat loss method More than one furnace≥ 4
Heat loss method More than one furnace≥ 4 --

Fire-bed furnace
Top walking time
Input - output heat method ≥6 --
4.9 Measurement time interval
Measured time interval in Table 5.
Table 5
Measuring Objects Measurement or sampling time intervalPreparationNote
Steam temperature, pressure, flow, smoke
5 ~ 15min
Temperature, supply air temperature and other key parameters
Other minor parameters General 30min
Gas analysis 15 ~ 20min
Experiment, the only timely, accurate readings once; test
Totalizer Table
Inspection in one hour to take readings for reference
Coal Sampling Each test condition of not less than 2 times
Page 12
Other volume sampling (such as ash, fuel,

Accordance
etc.) with Article 5.6 and Article 5.8Orthe
byprovisions
agreemento
4.10 maintenance of test conditions
4.10.1 Test conditions until the beginning of the end of the boiler combustion conditions,
fuel volume
Degrees), the(including bunker
main steam flow fuel thick powder-bit
and reheat steam flow,orfeedwater
grate flow, drum water level (for drum b
Furnace), excess air coefficient, with the wind situation, pulverizing system operation mode and all
Number, as far as possible be consistent and stable.
4.10.2 fire burning solid fuel bed boiler furnace to clear the work and the adjustment of the
fuel
Beam.level should be an appropriate time before the start of the trial within a node
4.11 Test Record
4.11.1 should be required of all observations and measurements and all the results recorded
in the experiment-specific
4.11.2 For some reason (suchtable.
as the measurement system leakage, etc.) refer to
experimental
Class data candata
not caused
record. by the failure trial, the responsible person recognition, this
4.11.3 test data records for at least should include the following items:
a. test name;
b. do not condition sequence;
c. Test date;
d. Test start and end time;
e. test time and data;
e. test time and data;

f. Instrument type and accuracy;
g. correction factor or amendment of value;
h. and data processing related to other projects;
i. records, calculations and the person responsible.
4.11.4 For the longer duration tests of certain conditions need to be replaced observing
staff, should
Officers ensure
for the samethat the beginning and end of trial
observation.
4.12 Condition Test discard
4.12.1 In the course of the experiment or sorting results, we found that the data observed
serious
Test irregularities,
discard shouldifbe
this condition; theconsidered
affected part of the test at the beginning or end, can be part of the
The test conditions should be redone.
4.12.2 Where one of the following conditions occur, the test conditions shall be null and
void:a. Test the fuel characteristics of the fuel characteristics beyond the predetermined range;
b. evaporation or steam parameters of fluctuations beyond the scope of testing requirements;
c. a principal measurements of the experimental data in 1 / 3 or more abnormal or contradictor
d. The results of the error or tolerance beyond the agreement values.
4.13 thermal efficiency test
Conduct acceptance tests, the load required at least two tests should be done.
If thethe
Between test result test
parallel exceeds a pre-agreed
the thermal efficiency of tolerance, it would take to do the third test.
Within
The loadthetest
tolerance similar
the thermal to the average
efficiency for the thermal efficiency.
two of them down
4.14 Performance Curve
If you need to strike a boiler performance curves should be at least four different evaporation c
Five testing methods and measuring instruments
5.1 General
5.1.1 The boiler thermal efficiency of the main measurements in table 6.
5.1.2 Following consultations, agree, are not included in this standard can be used within
the provisions
5.1.3 of calibration
Instrument other instruments measuring
requirements devices. that:
and provides
Page 13
5.1.3.1 Boiler acceptance tests, the test items used by all major instrumentation and
measurement
5.1.3.2 Beforemethods
the test, of
allmeasurement and to the provisions of Table 7.
error according
the major components
instrumentation
Set. time (including the control dial on the meter) shall
instrumentation
Set. time (including the control dial on the meter) shall
be provided to verify and standard
Specifications should of
The main parameters bethe
compatible with
monitoring the experimental
instrument level.the legal metrology department vali
should have
The measurement
5.1.3.3 department
by agreement or by the test person in charge decided that the main parameters of
the acceptance
Such tests
as abnormal byofthe
themeasured
measuring instruments
data should be should be conducted after the test re-
discarded.
school,
5.2 Temperature measurement
5.2.1 General description
5.2.1.1 Temperature measurement used in thermometers in Table 8.
Table 6
No. Name Said Fang France
I. Input - output heat method
1 Fuel capacity Under section 5.5
2 Fuel for heat and Industry Analysis Accordance with Article 5.6 of
3 Fuel and air temperature Accordance with Article 5.2 of
Superheated steam, and then heat the steam and other usesAccordance
steam flow,with
pressure
Article 5.2, A
4 And temperature 5.4
Accordance with Article 5.2, A
5 Warm water and reduce flow, pressure, temperature
5.4
Heater inlet and outlet air temperature, air volume and external
Accordance
heat source
with refrigerant
Article 5.2,flo
A
6 Temperature, pressure, 5.4
7 Leakage and sewage flow Consultation according to the s
8 Drum internal pressure Accordance with Article 5.3 of
Two, Heat loss method
1 Fuel for heat, industrial analysis and elemental analysis Accordance with Article 5.6 of
2 Flue gas analysis
, O(CO
, CO, H , C H Etc.) Under section 5.7
2 2 2 m n
3 Flue gas temperature Accordance with Article 5.2 of
4 Fuel and air temperature Accordance with Article 5.2 of
5 The external environment dry and wet bulb temperature; atmospheric
Accordancepressure
with Article 5.2, A
Accordance with Article 5.2, A
6 Heater inlet and outlet air temperature, air volume
5.4
External atomizing steam pressure, temperature, flow rate Accordance
and other external
with Article
sources
5.2,
of Ah
7 Mass flow, temperature, pressure, 5.4
Under Article 5.6, Article 5.8, A
8 The amount of the distribution ratio and ash content of combustible materials
E (Supplement)
9 Ash temperature Accordance with Article 5.2, S
Accordance with Chapter 8, us
Three, Auxiliary equipment power consumption
Determination table or energy me
Table 7
Preface Measurement error
Measurement items and equipment Preparation
Note
No. Input - Output Method Heat loss method
Weighing tank ± 0.1% -- --
Volume Box ± 0.25%
-- --
Water (Measurement range)
1
1 Water
Including the dif
Orifice or nozzle ± (0.35% ~ 0.6%)
GB 2624
Water Temperature ± 0.5% -- --
Page 14
Temperature ± 0.5% -- --
Manometer ± (0.4% ~ 1.0%) -- GB 1227
Steam
2 Orifice or nozzle ± (0.35% ~ 0.6%) Including the dif
Steam --
(Main steam flow) (Measurement range) GB 2624
Reheat steam flow ± 0.6% -- Heat balance calcu
Fuel capacity ± (0.1% ~ 0.5%) -- --
Industrial SubMoisture -- ± (0.2% ~ 0.4%) GB 212
Analysis Ash -- ± (0.2% ~ 0.5%) GB 212
Coal ± (0.5% ~ 1.0%) ± (0.5% ~ 1.0%) GB 213
BurningCalorific value
3 Oil, gas ± (0.35% ~ 1.0%) ± (0.35% ~ 1.0%) GB 384
Material
Coal ± 0.5% ± 0.5% GB 476
Carbon
Element sub Oil ± 0.6% ± 0.6% RS-32-1
Analysis Coal ± 0.15% ± 0.15% GB 476
H
Oil ± 0.30% ± 0.30% RS-32-1
Smoke Flue gas and air temperature -- ± 0.5% --
Gas
4 And
Austria's analyzer, chromatograph -- ± 3% --
Empty
Gas
Note: In addition to flue gas composition analysis, it did not include sampling error.
Table 8
Temperature Fan
Name Said Measuring Objects Preparation
Note
Wai
Experimental temperature of Small-capacity
the glass mercury
steam power plant boiler JB 1064
0 ~ 500 JB 1067
Meter Gas, water supply and flue gas temperature
Appendix N Table N1
Appendix N Table N1
Water and steam, fuel, gas, In order to ensure steam
Thermocouple Thermometer 200 ~ 1800
Air, flue gas, etc. The accuracy of measurem
Ice bottle as a base point
Ice bottle as a base point

Water and steam, fuel, gas,
Air, flue gas and so on, commonly used in the transport
Thermal Resistance thermometer -50 ~ +500 Appendix N Table N3
Control instruments and fixed-line monitoring of
Point
Used to measure the rel
Dry and wet bulb thermometer
Air Atmospheric temperature
Humidity
5.2.1.2 The consultations will also use other temperature measuring instruments are not
included, but the exhaust
Air temperature, main items, namely, steam
temperature, shouldtemperature, water temperature,
use the instruments listed in Table 8.
5.2.1.3 thermometer measuring point should be selected in the pipe (tobacco) Road or
channel cross-section
-Inch pipe of uniform
(tobacco) Road and thevelocity and test
acceptance temperature distribution
of the thermal of theofsite.
efficiency For
the determination of
large scale
The determination
Multi-point of the
measuring principles
grid divided and
into representative
sections, etc. points, see Appendix H (supplement items).
5.2.1.4 shall take the necessary measures to prevent the temperature measuring instruments
for conduction,
5.2.1.5 convection
thermometer casing and
and radiation caused by
the thermometer in too large(smoke)
the pipe errors. Road to the
installation, see Appendix N (additional items).
5.2.2 steam temperature
5.2.2.1 Determination of superheated steam and reheat steam temperature, should also use
plug-in casing. steam temperature in the steam pipe in any convenient location on the
5.2.2.2 saturated
measurement
Saturated steam(but not as
under close tofrom
pressure the saturated
the steamsteam export), or
table Richard.
5.2.2.3 superheated steam and reheat steam temperature measuring point should be close to
the maximum superheater and reheater export, and should be away from the beam
Page 15
Like streams (such as spray desuperheater later) a certain distance.

5.2.2.4 When the steam temperature has become an important test items, they should meet
the following conditions:
a. with the thermocouple measurements should be carried out on the thermocouple and the sec
b. As long as conditions permit, should be close to each other as much as possible from two m
Measured value of the average readings of the two revised deviation should not exceed ± 0.25%, or
c. temperature at insulating layer should be intact.
5.2.3 Flue Gas Temperature
5.2.3.1 Based on the test purpose, the temperature measuring point can be arranged at the
furnace
Test, outletgas
exhaust andtemperature
the corresponding heating
measuring pointsurface
shouldofbethe
asimport
close asand export.theFor
possible theof the last stag
exit
thermal efficiency
5.2.3.2 furnace exit flue gas temperature, generally use the exhaust thermocouple
measurements.
5.2.3.3 exhaust gas temperature measuring point with the flue gas
sampling
5.2.3.4 The point location
following should beshould
conditions as uniform
be usedas possible.
grid layout of
sampling point
5.2.3.4 The location
following should beshould
conditions as uniform as possible.
be used grid layout of
measurement points:
a. Acceptance test flue gas temperature measurement;
b. Initial measurements found that flue gas flow rate measurement section at a serious deviatio
c. cross-section of different flue gas temperatures are greatly different in an instant.
5.2.3.5 Measurement of the grid, the average temperature, generally take the measuring
Uniform, theweighted
point of the desirability of theofarithmetic
average readings. average fluemeasured
When the gas temperature.
cross-section than the
velocity
5.2.4 Airfield
temperature
5.2.4.1 baseline temperature measurement should avoid other sources of heat radiation
effects
5.2.4.2 on
dry,temperature measurement
wet-bulb thermometer devices.
should be placed in a dedicated 100 box.
5.2.4.3 air temperature measurements refer to the relevant provisions of Article 5.2.3.
5.2.5 Water Temperature
Water temperature should be as close to the entrance and in the reduction economizer thermos
To test the project,
When the watershould refer toas
temperature section 5.2.2.5 of the Ordinance, but two readings of the amende
the main
5.2.6 Fuel Temperature
With protection tube used to measure the thermocouple thermometer.
5.3 Pressure Measurement
5.3.1.1 boiler test, usually single-lap spring tube pressure gauge, liquid-column manometer
and inclined
Quality tubeand
pressure manometer
vacuum.measuring the decline of industrial
Meet thepressure
Bellows test requirements
gauge andinelectric
the accuracy
contactofpressure
the premise,
gauge,butetc.).
also can be used all kinds of pressure
Pressure measuring instruments in table 9. Table 9
Range Type and an
Gauge Name Measuring Objects Specification Notes
MPa Loaded
Use of environment
General Pressure Gauge GB 1226
Dial or on the -40 ~ +60
Steam, water 0 ~ 40 Installation Use of environment
Precision Pressure Gauge GB 1227
10 ~ 30
Static weight-type pressure gauge -- -- -- --
Flow meter can be u
Plume typeU-tube Smoke air system pressure Control panel or the
-0.1 ~ +0.1 -- The
ManometerManometer Force, pressure In-place installation
Standard differen
Single-tube pressure
-0.2 ~ +0.2 -- --
Dynamometer
Page 16
Page 16
Inclined tube
Type -0.002 ~
-- --
+0.002
Micro-pressure meter
Atmospheric pressure trough moving
Meter Atmospheric pressure
-0.1 ~ +0.1 -- --
(Mercury manometer)
Atmospheric pressure and
Control panel or the
Membrane
In-place installation
Diaphragm Gauge Film does not work
0 ~ 0.04 JB 470 Pressure transm
(Bellows, diaphragm type)Gas
Micro-pressure and negative body
Pressure
Smoke air system pressure High sensitivity, can
Bellows pressure gauge -- Control panel JB
or the
1033
Force Access instruction
In-place installation
Electric contact pressurePressure,
gauge negative pressure
-0.2 ~ +0.2 JB 1608 Pressure transm
5.3.1.2 The minimum pressure gauge shall meet the test requirements of sub-degree
accuracy and the
5.3.1.3 spring tubepressure fluctuations
pressure observed
gauge ambient on the requirements
temperature (see Section
and mass-pressure 4.6).
liquid column
表针reading
Fluid and theofuse
theofamendment,
notes, see Appendix
as well asJ liquid-column
(additional items).
manometer common seal
5.3.2 Pressure water system
5.3.2.1 When the gas, water pressure has become an important test items should be
The number
selected fromof0.4
necessary amendments.
to 1.0 precision pressure gauge, and read表针
5.3.2.2 General Pressure Gauge (GB1226) maximum range should be chosen so that the
pressure
1 / 2 ~ 3 /often directed
4 within at a full-scale
a section range
(lower limit of of the scopeofofpressure
application the and volatile situations; limit the
5.3.2.3 taking into account the mass-pressure gauge should be installed without high-
temperature,
Dense and then frozen
thereand vibration
siphon siphoninterference location,
or equivalent device.total joint should resist pressure
gauge
5.3.2.4 When the measured refrigerant pressure and pulse of the situation, recommended
the installationpressure
Instantaneous of transmission pressure
fluctuation control
does not on the
exceed the road as a buffer
maximum containeraverage
and minimum used forof 2%, the
cavities. When
5.3.3 smoke duct static pressure
5.3.3.1 usually smoke, air duct wall static pressure measurements directly on the hole. On
Specialized equipment.
important occasions, static pressure measuring tube can be used like a
Whena.the direct as
as much hole, they should
possible, meetthe
including thewalls
following requirements:
and the vertical flat surface, hole, aperture might be
Angle;
b. Hydrostatic test holes should be open in the smoke (wind) Road straight segment, should no
5.3.3.2 When the measurement of dust-laden air static pressure, it shall take appropriate
measures
The lowertopart
prevent pressure
of leads measuring
and the pressure hole plug (such
transmission as with
pipe the pressure measuring
pagoda-type hole devices).
expansion to
avoid a horizontal pipe
5.3.3.3 When the measured smoke duct diameter of more than 600mm, the same
measurement of the cross section at least four pressure measuring holes.
5.4 Flow measurement
5.4.1
5.4.1
General
5.4.1.1 Boiler flow measurement equipment tests devices in Table 10.
description
Table 10
Validation or calibration to be
Name Said Measuring Objects Preparation
Note
Seek
Calibration scales up to
Weighing method Weighing tank
Water To the provisions of Table 7 --
Volumetric Volume Box -- --
Calibration to theSuch
tableas the manufacture and
Throttling method
Orifice or nozzle Water and steam
7 provides GB 2624 in line with all the tec
Page 17
Demand, you do not need calib

Determination of the standard dynamic pressure tubeMay(Pitot
from
tube)
time calibration --
Air or dust concentration
Flute-shaped tube, Venturi, wing-shaped test
Small degree of airflowCalibration by the root --
Volume unit
Suction-type dynamic pressure measurement pipe --
High concentrations of gas-dust The use of the structure shou
Calibration by the root
Determination of dynamic pressure tube cover plate
Flow Status checked and calibrated o
Back-type dynamic pressure measurement pipe --
5.4.1.2 Determination of the flow element (orifice plate and nozzle) in the design,
manufacture,
Purchase and calibration
installationand use, including
methods their bit
should follow the in the pipeline
GB2624 in the requirements.
Differential
5.4.1.3 Whenpressure
the flowmeasurement
has become device to sendmeasurement
an important the pipeline laid in item,
of the accordance with appendix I (s
the system
should
5.4.1.4 be determined by
Determination of direct reading
throttling differential
device using waterpressure.
or steam flow should be a
component in the pipeline upstream measurement of fluid
Into account in the differential pressure or high side pressure temperature,
transmission pipe installed pressure ga
5.4.1.5 Determination of flow required to carry out the temperature, pressure and
differential pressure measurement, as shown in standard 5.2 and Article 5.3 of the
Set.
Regulation
5.4.2 Steam Flow
5.4.2.1 Calculation of heat losses using thermal efficiency of the boiler, in order to
determine
Inspection the
unitevaporation oraccording
evaporation, other relevant operating
to section characteristics
5.4.3.1 corresponding
of pairs of water to the
flow was determined, or t
time of the trial
Determination of the main steam flow basis.
5.4.2.2 using input - output heat method to calculate thermal efficiency of the boiler when
the boiler
Article water as
5.4.3.1) should be based
the main steamonflow
the of
determination of results
the basic values of the(see section point of the turbine hig
measuring
Get traffic (such as continuous blowdown, reducing the temperature of water, boiler water circulati
Get traffic (such as continuous blowdown, reducing the temperature of water, boiler water circulati
Reference sectionshould
The trial period, that may
alsostore
be inwater (or leakage) the location of the storage capacity (or leakage)
the last
5.4.2.3 As with the secondary instrument (without the use of direct reading of differential
pressureofmeasuring
Degree means
correction, counts)be
they should measured
equationsteam
(3) forflow, such as theamendments:
steam-density instrument itself is no
secret
ρ
q = qz gq
mgq mgq ρ j
gq
Where: q , Q z - Revised and instrumented steam mass flow, kg / h;
mgq mgq
ρ , Ρ j - Measurement of state and the state of design and calculation3. of steam density
gq gq
5.4.2.4 Determination of thermal balance method reheaterzqsteamWhen,flow
according to formula
of imports of D ' (4) to deter
D '= D -- Σ D
zq gq i
Where: D ' - Import reheater steam flow, t / h;
zq
Dgq- The main steam flow, t / h;
Σ D i - High-pressure cylinder exhaust flows at all levels, and, t / h.
()D[() ()]h ''- ' h

D = si s i
'-''
si
i ()h() h
qi q i
Where: Di- A certain level of imports heater exhaust steam flow, t / h;
(Ds) i- A-level exhaust heater water flow, t / h;
(H ' q)i, (H " q)i - A-level exhaust heater inlet and outlet steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;
(H ' s)i, (H " s)i - A-level exhaust heater inlet and outlet water enthalpy, kJ / kg.
To determine heater steam flow at all levels should be measured at all levels of imports of stea
Inlet and outlet water temperature and pressure in order to determine the corresponding points of th
Page 18
5.4.2.5 When the boiler and steam turbine acceptance test acceptance test at the same time,
it canflow
Heat be used directly
as the derived
inlet steam fromtesting
boiler steam to
turbine test rethe
determine - value.
5.4.2.6 reheater exit steam flow of imports of steam reheater, reheater spray flow and the
amount of the
5.4.3 Water sum. and Water Flow
Supply
5.4.3.1 When using Input - Output Determination of heat and
determination
Flow of water ofandthe boiler thermal efficiency of the boiler
spray.
determination
Flow of water of andthe boiler thermal efficiency of the boiler
spray.
evaporation, the use of orifice or nozzle determination
Validation
5.4.3.2 or calibration
If there is pulse byofatheir requirements
reciprocating according
device, or othertosource
the provisions
of traffic of Tableby
caused 7.
fluctuations in the pulse through the source and a measurement of yuan
Install a buffer between the pieces of container, damping control, or otherwise absorb the pressure p
Dynamic difference value does not exceed the average flow ± 5%.
Article 5.4.3.3 in section 5.4.3.1, when measured under conditions, a measuring element at
the differential
The applications
amount of results shouldofbe
two differential
reaching pressure
a mutual meter device
agreement, measurements,
tolerance ± 2%.
measurement
5.4.3.4 in the measurement of water flow throttling element, water pressure must be more
than the lowest water
High-0.25MPa, temperature
or water temperaturemeasured
must bebymeasured
the saturation
over apressure
minimum corresponding
measurementtoof saturation
Cutting pieces of vaporization.
5.4.4 flue gas and air flow
5.4.4.1 use of tobacco smoke wind tunnel dynamic pressure to seek a method to determine
the airflow
5.4.4.2 velocity and
recommended forair flow ofpressure
dynamic flue gas.measurement control table 10. Representative
5.4.4.3
point ofshould
the set,also
see be measured
Appendix H atmospheric
(supplement pressure
items). and the static pressure pipe flow and
temperature.
Analysis Forgas
of flue thecomposition
flue ),gas, they
ofneed at the
oxygen (O)same time points
contentmeasured
2 And three atomic 2gas And
(ROother to calculate the gas density.
5.4.4.4 gas flow according to equation (6), equation (7) Calculations:
V = 3600 ω A
pj
ρ
V = 3600 ω A ρ
n pj
n
3/ h; state of flow, m
Where: V, V n- Airflow measurement and conversion to the standard
2;
A - measured channel cross-sectional area, m
ω
pj- Airflow in the measured cross-section mean velocity, m / s.
According to equation (8) calculated in accordance with Appendix H (Supplement
ω =K 2∆ p
d
pj d ρ
∆p
Where: d - Determination of dynamic pressure tubes measured pressure, Pa;
Kd- Correction factor;
ρ
, ρ - Airflow measurement and the density under standard
3. conditions, kg / m
n
On air: ρ = 1.293kg / 3m;

n
ρ = 3483 p +H
. ( act -- s ) × 10 --3
273 t
Where: p act- Measured in situ at atmospheric pressure, Pa;
Page 19
H - Air duct static pressure, Pa.

s
Of flue gas:
ρ = 001,428
. O + 001,964
. CO + 00082
. HO +0.02858 SO + 00127
. N
2 2 2 2 2
Where: O , CO , H O, SO , N - Flue gas composition of all the corresponding percentage of th
2 2 2 2 2
O2+ CO2+ H2O + SO +
2 2N = 100% Where
5.4.4.5 test tube socket holes and the pipe wall should be vertical; measurements measured
dynamic pressure tubeof
5.4.4.6 Determination being air holes
back-type should
pipe be.
and flute-shaped tube for measurement of
determination of cut-off in front of straight pipe after11
Table the recommended values in Table 11.
Name Said Determination of back-type tube
Flute-shaped tube
Measurement of cross-sectional front of (upstream)
1 10) D pipe lengths L L1≥ 6 D
L1= (8 ~straight
Measurement of cross-section after
2 (downstream) ~ 3) Dpipe lengths L L2≥ 3 D
straight
L2= (1
Note: D equivalent diameter of the pipe.
5.5 Determination of amount of fuel
5.5.1.1 Fuel measurement and measuring time intervals according to Table 12.
5.5.1.2 fuel to enter the boiler from the Survey Office should try to eliminate leakage
The loss units.
between of fuel Ifcollection, weighing
unavoidable, it willand recording
all leak or in order to amend the amount of fuel.
5.5.2 Solid Fuel
5.5.2.1 Solid fuels should be weighing in close proximity to the use of locations. Of
On the fuelcoal
pulverized evaporation and other
boilers, should be factors arising
in the fuel from
before bias. in order to avoid by
grinding
Table 12
Measurement time interval
Check or
Instrument (value) receiver Gas Burning Preparation
Note
Calibration Request
Solid Fuel Liquid fuel
Material
Automatic scales, and the band
Arinao 10 ~ 15
Then the value of the quality of instruction -- -- --
Other Scale Recorded when weighing
Weighing tank Record at least twice each working condition
Calibration to achieve
Weighing tank Record at least twice each working condition

Calibration to achieve
Readings, that is, the beginning and the end of
Table -- records --
Volume Box Each time, if necessary, additional
7 requirements
The number of readings
Throttle flowmeter Such as manufacturin
-- 10 ~ 15
(Orifice plate, nozzle) Inspection are in line w
All technical requireme
Volumetric flowmeter -- 10 ~ 15 Calibration required
5.5.3 Liquid Fuel
5.5.3.1 Where the use of burner oil system back to the occasion, should also measure the
flow of oil
5.5.3.2, andmeasured
when oil return.by volume method, should also be determined in accordance with
Article
Changes5.2in of
thethe fuel temperature, as well as arising due to temperature changes in the
amendment.
density of
5.5.4 Gas
5.5.4.1 measurement, should also be according to Article 5.3 and Article 5.2 of the
measured
Convertedgasintopressure,
the numbertemperature, and flow
of the volume meter
under reading
standard conditions.
5.5.4.2 throttle flowmeter installation position, a differential pressure meter connections
between components and the installation of piping system, according to GB2624
Page 20
Requirements.
5.6 Fuel Sampling and Analysis
5.6.1 Fuel Sampling
5.6.1.1 should be movement in the coal stream sampling.
5.6.1.2 Sampling should be during the working condition throughout the trial according to
the following provisions:
a. solid fuel boilers sampling time should be an effective test of time equal conditions, but the
Material into the furnace from the point to take the time needed and appropriate in advance.
Across the entire
b. gas sampling
throughout period
the trial should
process have be
should time to take samples;
continuously or every other time sampling all.
Inspection should be preceded by line sampling,
In order to collect representative samples, testin accordance with this standard in Appendix H (S
5.6.1.3 sampling shovel coal into the furnace length × width × height 300mm × 200mm ×
50mm. Different
Samples coal
were taken of samples required
the number, to obtain
size and a coal
quality mining
of table 13.
Table 13
Coal type Particle size, mm Copies of sample quality,
The kgnumber of cop
Bituminous ≤ 70 ≥1 ≥ 10
Lignite ≤ 70 ≥1 ≥ 15
Anthracite ≤ 70 ≥1 ≥ 20
Mixed coal ≤ 70 ≥1 ≥ 50
a. When the fuel as a single coal, it will be adopted by all the copies of samples of coal accord
A coal sample;
b. When the fuel mix of coal, according to the provisions of section 5.6.1.3 will all be in a kind
At 5);
c. coal samples collected should be immediately sealed preservation; reduction system for coa
5.6.1.4 Other matters not entirely according to RS-1-1 requirements.
5.6.1.5 Liquid Fuel sampling by RS-28-1 requirements.
5.6.1.6 Gas sampling sites should be in the fuel section of the maximum pressure and
temperature
Devices (suchinside the boiler
as plate, valves,asbaffles,
close asetc.)
possible
after at
thethe naturalpipe,
vertical spoiler
the sampling of emissions before
5.6.1.7 the total sample volume of fuel gas should be no less than 20L. Samples collected
3involume
the set of 500cm 3Suction
of cylinders volume
at the same timeoffully
the glass
mixedbottle,
into in which a bottle of an alternative plan.
5.6.2 Fuel Analysis
5.6.2.1 Boiler acceptance test of the fuel analysis method is as follows:
a. solid fuel according to the following criteria:
GB211, GB212, GB213, GB214, GB218, GB219, GB474, GB476, GB483, GB2565;
b. liquid fuel according to the following criteria:
GB260, GB261, GB265, GB266, GB267, GB268, GB380, GB384, GB388, GB508,
GB510, GB1884, GB2538, GB2540;
c. analyzed by gas chromatography;
d. opt for the "Test Method for Thermal Power Plants fuel" (water issued by the Ministry, 198
5.6.2.2 When the solid fuel is mixed with coal, the response to multiple parallel samples
were tested on
Abandoned thethe
after testarithmetic
results tomean
error value
analysis, care
is unreasonable for the final analysis.
5.7 Flue Gas Sampling and Analysis
5.7.1 Sampling location
Experimental Determination of the boiler flue gas analysis and sampling location of ingredien
5.7.2 Sampling Point
Flue Gas Sampling point arrangement should be made out of representative sample, provides a
Table 14
Page 21
Test Objective Determination of Composition Sampling location

Determination of thermal efficiency,Oexcess , CO air ratioCH
, CO, and the
, C leakage
,
2 2 4 mHn Furnace, boiler heating surface
Wind Measurement H2
Pollutants measured NOx , SO , CO, C H ,H S Flue or chimney
x m n 2
The furnace water wall corrosion CO, H S, O Near the furnace wall corr
2 2
Low Temperature Corrosion SO3 Air preheater inlet and outl
5.7.2.1 Boiler acceptance test should be used on behalf of one or more grid points
measurement.
Number When
shall be using
not less multi-point
than 4:00. measurements of the representative, the sampling
points,
5.7.2.2 the total
Determination of the official test points in advance of the flue gas oxygen and flue
Uniform whenIfthe
gas velocity. therepresentative point can
velocity distribution of be used and
oxygen multiple
theresampling,
is a more the
all introduction of the grid s
5.7.2.3 law section of the grid and on behalf of the principle of separation point to
determine inthe
5.7.2.4 with accordance with
multi-point appendix
sampling orHgrid
(supplement
points out items).
of the sample, without affecting the
accuracy available
Mixture of under the
1 ~ 2 samples for premise
1).
analysis of mixing device will sample
Note: 1) When the measured components are
Recommended fluesulfur dioxide, hydrogen
gas multi-point sulfide
sampling mixerand
see other solublO
Appendix
Multi-point sampling mixer.
5.7.3 Sampling design of piping and materials selection
5.7.3.1 Pipe material should ensure that the working temperature does not react with the
加热. Recommended
sample, when necessary, pipes shall
sampling pipebe cited baked
materials usedwall insulation
in Table 15. or
Table 15
Sampling at flue gas temperature
Gas Hose Materia
<400 400 ~ 570 > 570
Stainless Steel (cooled to 650
Fluorine resin o
O2 Carbon Stainless
Below) Rubber
Fluorine resin o
Stainless Steel (cooled to 480Stainless Steel (cooled to 480
CO Carbon Rubber
Below) Below)
Chloride rubbe
Stainless Steel (cooled to 650
CO2 Carbon Stainless
Below)
Stainless steel or glass Stainless steel or quartz (cooled to
NO Stainless steel or glass Fluorine resin o
Glass 480 below) Rubber
Stainless steel or glass
Stainless steel or2)(Keeping
glass Stainless steel or quartz (maintained at
NO1)2 Glass2)(Maintained At at 180 )
180 )
180 )
glass Stainless steel or quartz (maintained at
SO1)2 Glass2)(Maintained In at the 180 ~ 190 )
180 ~ 400 )
180 above) Fluorine resin o
glass Stainless steel or quartz (maintained
Rubberat
SO1)3 Glass2)(Maintained In at the 180 ~ 190 ) Chloride rubbe
180 ~ 400 )
180 above)
Carbon Steel (keeping
Stainless
in Steel (maintained Stainless
at 180 ~ Steel (maintained at 180 ~
H 2S1)
180 ~ 400 ) 570 ) 650 )
Carbon Steel (keeping in Fluorine resin o
1) Stainless Steel (maintained at 190
Stainless
) Steel (maintained at 190
Carbon Steel (keeping in Fluorine resin o

CmH1)n Stainless Steel (maintained at 190
Stainless
) Steel (maintained at 190
190 ) Rubber
Note: 1) If the sample pipe can not meet this requirement, the sample should be pre-drying;
2) quartz glass can be used only when the temperature is below 290 .
5.7.3.2 use of high-temperature specimen must be equipped with the appropriate sampling
cooler.
5.7.3.3 Sampling and straight pipes should be as short as possible, and easy to clean and
purge.
Page 22
5.7.3.4 sampling tube should shun the direction of gas flow and fitted with the appropriate
tilt sparse
5.7.3.5 water
in the mains throughout
sampling tube shouldthe
be sampling lines shall
set the necessary dustnotfilter.
leak tight.
5.7.4 analytical methods and precautions
5.7.4.1 of the flue gas composition of each tested method of analysis, as well as used
equipment,
Table 16. precision instruments and equipment and other relevant provisions of
5.7.4.2 For the determination of thermal losses of the boiler thermal efficiency of the boiler
acceptance testing,
For operating as well asina component
characteristics or part
the performance ofof the boiler
acceptance parts the flue gas oxygen
tests, That SO(O
2), The three atomic gas2 (RO 2+ CO
Determination should be Austria's analyzer.
5.7.4.3 Note
a. analysis should be to prevent the leakage of gas analysis equipment to keep the pipeline wit
b. to avoid the analysis of the sample temperature changes;
c. for gas composition analysis should be continuous sampling.
Table 16
Measurement methods The measurement method can be u
Appropriate concentration of Degree
Smoke components The requirements of the sampling system
Instrument Sub -
Hand Analysis Instrumental Analysis
Analysis
0% ~ Paramagnetic oxygen meter
O2 0% ~ 21% -- Zirconia Oxygen Meter
21%
Carbon Dioxide Analyzer
0% ~ Regardless of optical infrared ab
CO2 0% ~ 21% -- Above)
21%
GC
GC
Sampler should be avoidedCO to achieve
infraredfrom
analyzer (regardless
Trace with
Trace with
CO ≥ 0.2% Temperature catalytic oxidation CO3Above)
Light)of(2mg /m
Volume
Degree Infrared spectrophotometer (1m
I)
N2 Any concentration -- --
Non-proliferation of infrared abs
Continuous heating in order 3) flue gas
to avoid
2860mg /m
2 The water vapor condensationElectrochemical
on the sample membrane prol
SO2 Any concentration
5700 Electrolytic titration
3 Water system calibration should be excluded
mg / m
And O Chemical fluorescence (0.2 ~ 35
2
UV pulse fluorescence (≥
20 Clear water without loss of Chemiluminescence (0.1 ~ 1339
NO 2000 (0.1
3 NO2Should be used dryer 205400mg / m
mg / m 3)
0 ~ 20500 Nitrogen oxides analyzer (0 ~ 8m
NOx 3
mg / m
5 ~ 500 Electrochemical membrane prol
NO2 3 --
mg / m Non-Proliferation of ultraviolet
4100mg / m 3)
Electrolytic titration
3 Electrochemical membrane prol
0 ~ 7590 Flame photometric gas chromato
H2S 3 1500 --
mg / m 3 3)
mg / m 150mg / m
Infrared absorption of non
H2 -- " -- Chromatography
Page 23
0.02% Chromatography
CH4 -- --
(Volume)
Continued Table 16
The measurement method can be used and the accuracy of
Preparation
Note
Accuracy Hand Analysis Accuracy
When using instrumental analysis
± (2% ~ 5%) Ostwald Analyzer ± (1.5% ~ 3.0%) And testing before the start of the pr
± (1.5% ~ 3%) Analyzer
(Including the measuring systemcalibration
error
± (0.5% ~ 3%) Poor) Most of the power plant alkaline w
± (0.5% ~ 3%) Poor) Most of the power plant alkaline w

Ostwald Analyzer
± 3% Easily absorb the liquid CO
2
To estimate the higher CO
All flue gas analyzer
± 3% ± 0.02% Using chromatography and other ins
Inspection trachea (20 ~
± 0.5% (Volume) Frederick trachea, see "source of
1000mg / m 3)
Analysis Method "(1982)
First we measured on a variety of
-- -- -- After the derivedContent
N
2
Practice of using flame photometr
Iodometric method (140 ~
1% ~ 2.0% The total sulfide, and coupled with g
5700mg / m3) Hydrochloric acid, Deputy
± 2.0% -- Distinguish them.
Rose aniline colorimetric
± 0.5% Two kinds of manual analysis, se
(2 ~ 150mg / m3)
A monitoring and analysis methods
Two acid phenol method (rapid
± 0.5% Law)
--
± 2.0% (Applicable to concentrations of 20 ~
± 1.0% 2000mg / m 3)
± 1.0% Naphthyl ethylamine hydrochloride colorimetry Manual analysis methods, see "so
--
(5 ~ 500mg / m 3) Monitoring and Analysis Method "
5mm Ⅱ Iodometric method (3 ~
± 1% 120mg / m 3)
--
± 2% Methylene blue colorimetric method
± (1% ~ 2%) (10 ~ 1500mg / m 3)
-- All flue gas analyzer
± 0.02% (volume) Coal-fired boilers do not need to m
-- --
5.8 Sampling and analysis of ash
5.8.1.1 ash within the meaning of this section, means the slag and fly ash. Fire-bed
Road fuel
furnace ashwhich
slag, collectively referredthe
also includes to leakage
as fly ash, and inwith
of coal; the the
filterflue
setgas
before
intothe
theflue dust hopper to c
smoke
5.8.1.2 Where available, should be accurately weighed all the ash discharged from the unit
volume,
To or volume
estimate of theoflaws
the amount or can beash,
any pending ash,orslag
by balance method
agreement of the ash ratio calculated.
5.8.1.3 Fly Ash back to the combustion system, with units of the system should be based
on the specific layout of the selected sampling points and determine the gray balance ratio
Rate.
5.8.2 slag collection, weighing and sampling
5.8.2.1 of the fire bed furnace slag to collect the start and end time should be required to
consider thebyslag
5.8.2.2 use journeycalibration
qualified time lag. scales for weighing, while samples sent to laboratory
analysis determined
5.8.2.3 Sample the according
volume carbon content.
to the following provisions:
a. Fire-bed furnace: In order to test the total slag volume during the 1 / 20, and not less than 10
b. Fire chamber furnace: The total sample volume of visual furnace structure, slag method may
Page 24
5.8.2.4 Sampling shall be continuous throughout the trial period or other time intervals in
Determined depending
order to ensure on the specific of
the representativeness method, but theSampling
the sample. samplingtime
frequency
can beshould be no less than 1
5.8.2.5 Slag sampling devices depending on the different bottom structures and slag from
the slagthe
Within in adig,
continuous stream
but at this access,pay
time should or on a regularattention
particular basis from the slaga representative
to ensure tank (pool, the sample, ea
Big Dipper)
5.8.2.6 All samples were broken to a particle size less than 25mm, the full mix, according
to criss and
Samples, cross
such (GB474)ofshrink
as samples all themade fromoftwo
samples lessdifferent
than 15kg7.5kg
will be broken to 3mm below the full
样品.
Preparation
5.8.2.7 of samples
reduction systemaccording to "Test
for the two Method
samples, for Thermal
one sent Powerfor
to laboratories Plant Fuel" (1984
analysis, and theversion), t
other retained
Recognized until
until all test results have been reviewed
the.
Beam
When system
the needasfor
soon asbalance
gray the reduction
shouldand
be analysis.
weighed at the same time sampling, and should prevent l
Weighing knotof coal for the collection, weighing and sampling
5.8.3 Leakage
During the test-bed furnace should collect all the leakage of coal, and weighing.
The volume
Weighingof not
andless
sampling
than 2kg,
in accordance
broken to the
withparticle
sectionsize
5.8.2
of of
less
thethan
relevant
3mm,provisions
produced after
of themixin
samp
5.8.4 Settlement ash collection and sampling
5.8.4.1 Fly ash sampling location must be collected before the settlement of the ash-like
dust hopper.
5.8.4.2 can be used throughout the trial period of several fixed sampling is controlled by a
Falling ash ash
set of gray collector seeorappendix
bucket, drop tubeOin(supplement items).
a row to collect ash deposition. Common Shen
5.8.5 Fly ash sampling
5.8.5.1 the location of sampling fly ash is generally in the right rear part of the flue, as far
as possible
Sample in the
cut-off in vertical flue gas
front straight flow
after thestability
paragraphDepartment,
should be and the
appropriate.
If possible,
5.8.5.2 shouldshould
Sampling be located in the mouth of the flue on the economizer.
be representative.
a. the acceptance tests on the boiler: The grid method (see Appendix H) to conduct multi
b. Other test: the test can be passed before the initial measurements to determine the sampling
H).
5.8.5.3 Fly ash sample representative points should meet the following requirements:
a. Flue width of 4 ~ 10m should be in the left and right sides arranged two measuring points;
b. Flue width of more than 10m should be evenly arranged 3 to 4 measuring points;
c. split flue, inside each flue shall be by a, b provides layout measuring point.
5.8.5.4 Acceptance Test for the boiler should be sampled point by point throughout the
trial period,
Sampling and twice
cycle each operating
in order toconditions should
obtain at least beparallel
two at least samples
according
of to
flythe order of the
ash.
grid
Home should
For general be a continuous
testing, the use of asampling throughout
fixed sampling the trial period.
equipment
5.8.5.5 Sampling Device
Acceptance test should be used isokinetic ash sampling devices; general test, the cyclone can b
Acceptance test should be used isokinetic ash sampling devices; general test, the cyclone can b
Sampling prior to sampling tubes and devices should be eliminated within the ash deposit.
5.8.5.6 sampling system should maintain a good seal, exposed to the flue pipe and fly ash
sampling
Hot meansoutside the collector
to prevent moistureshould be taken to increase insulation, or
condensation.
5.8.6 Analysis of ash
5.8.6.1 Quantitative Analysis of the light ash moisture RS-4-2 requirements.
5.8.6.2 Determination of ash combustible according to RS-26-1 requirements.
5.8.6.3 ash heat can be measured by oxygen bomb can also be used in ashes burning law or
determination of carbon,
6 Thermal Efficiency hydrogen content was calculated.
Calculation
6.1 General description
6.1.1 The calculation of the boiler thermal efficiency of the boiler equipment, heat input
and
Thisoutput of theapplies
calculation heat loss of to
only heat
theand energy balance
provisions basis.
of article 4.1.1 of the energy balance system bounda
Page 25
6.1.2 For solid and liquid fuels, the amount of fuel per kilogram as the basis for
calculation;
Meters for theon
calculated gas
thefuel to each
basis of volume.
of fuel the standard Li -
6.1.3 use of application-based fuel components calculated.
6.1.3.1 Solid Fuel
In accordance with this standard provisions of Article 5.6 of the composition analysis of coal,
Table 17
Known fuel Desire fuel matrix
Material matrix Application-based Analysis of the base Dry base Combustible Ba
Application-based 1 100 --W f 100 100

100 -- W y 100 --W y 100 -- W --
y
-- y 100 100
Analysis of the 100
base W 1
100 -- W f 100 -- W f --
100 W -- f
Dry base 100 -- W y 100 -- W f 100

1
100 100 100 -- A g
-- y y 100 -- W --
f Af 100 -- A g
Combustible100
Base W -- W 1
100 100 100
Calorific value of fuel, such as type of conversion formula (11):
Calorific value of fuel, such as type of conversion formula (11):
= × 100 -- W y --
Q y Q f ( y + W y)
25 . 12 9 H
DM GW 100 --W f
= Q y -- 25129
.( H y + W y)
DM
= ( Q y + 2512 100 -- W y --
. W f) . Wy
2512
DM 100 --W f
6.1.3.2 Liquid Fuel
Liquid fuel conversion matrix of the same section 6.1.3.1.
6.1.3.3 Gas Fuel
Of fuel gas composition according to the provisions of Article 4.6 of this standard measureme
Gas calorific value according to equation (12) Calculations:
Q y = 10798 . H + 12636. CO + Σ (Q CH )
DM.q 2 2 q m ni
Where: Q y - Gaseous fuel calorific value, kJ / m3;

DM.q
H2, CO, CH
m n- Gaseous fuel in the corresponding volume of the combustible gas composition p
Qq- Hydrocarbons low heat, see Appendix C (Supplementary items) 3. Table C2, kJ / m
6.1.3.4 mixed fuel
On a variety of fuel-fired boilers should be a variety of fuel consumption were measured and t
Bit heat.
Such as:
Calculation of boiler efficiency of various fuels according to the share of total fuel consumption cal
Page 26
y ) = Σn
i( DM
BQ
Qy = Σ i b( y )
DM i DMi
Qy = Σ i DMi = b ( y )
DM Σn i DMi
B i=1Q
i
i=1
Where: Bi - Some kind of fuel consumption, kg3//h;
h, m
( Q y ) - The application of a fuel-based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ

3; / m
DM i
bi- Some sort of fuel consumption share of the total fuel consumption.
B
b = i
i Σn
B
i
i=1
Q y - Application of hybrid fuel-based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ3./ m

DM
The elemental analysis values of mixed fuel and industrial analysis values can be calculated ac
When mixed with coal or oil-fired boiler burning gas fuel, fuel gas composition must first tran
Expressed as a percentage of the amount of elemental composition, and then equation (13) the princ
.054
Cy= ρ [ CO + CO + Σ m (C H )]
q 2 m n
qm
.0045
H y= ρ 2 [H ( + H S) + Σ n (C H )]
q 2 2 m n
qn
0715
.
Oy= ρ [ CO +2 (CO + O )]
q 2 2
qn
.143
Sy = ρ H S
q 2
qn
125
.
Ny= ρ N
q 2
qn
01.
Ay = ρ µ
q b
qn
08.
W y = ρ HO
q 2
qn
Where: CO, CO , H , H S, N , O , H O, C H - Respectively, the corresponding gas volume
2 2 2 2 2 2 m n
Content percentage,%;
Hyq, yq, yq, yq, yq, yq- Were converted gas composition of each eleme
Hyq, yq, yq, yq, yq, yq- Were converted gas composition of each eleme
O S of the
The quality of the application N base
A percentage,%;
W
µ
3, According to
h- Gaseous fuel containing ash concentration, g
Page 27
ρ
qn- Standard state gas density, kg / m
ρ
qnAccording to equation (21) Calculations:
ρ = . +Σ + . n) CH
m n +00152
qm 00125 CO + 0.0009H
2 (.054m 0045 100
. HS
2
µ
+0.0196 CO+ . N2+ 00143 O2+ 0008 h
2 00125 . . HO2 + 1000
6.1.4 This calculation is based on input - output heat method and heat loss test method to
determine the actual operating conditions of boiler gross efficiency
Rate.
Loss
Whenofyou
theneed
amendment.
to ensure efficiency and design efficiency or when comparing the methods describe
6.2 Input - output heat thermal efficiency calculation method
According to equation (22) Calculations:
η = Q1 × 100
Q
r
η
Where: - Boiler thermal efficiency,%;
Q1- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel boiler output of heat, kJ3;/ kg, kJ / m
3. kJ / m
Qr- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel boiler heat input, kJ / kg,
6.2.1 Heat Input
QQ= y +Q +Q +Q
r DM rx w1 wh
Where: Q- Heat Input, kJ / kg, kJ / m 3;
r
Q y - Fuel Applications based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ
3; / m
DM
DM- Fuel Applications based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ; / m
Q - The fuel of physical sensible heat, kJ

3; / kg, kJ / m
rx
Q
w1- When using turbine extraction, or other external source of heat heating boiler air heater
3;
kJ / kg, kJ / m
Q
wh- Fuel atomization steam into the boiler heat, kJ / kg,3.kJ / m
6.2.1.1 Physical sensible heat of fuel
Q = ct ( -- t )
rx r r o
Where: Q rx- The fuel of physical sensible heat, kJ

3; / kg, kJ / m
t - Base temperature, ;
o
c - Fuel specific heat, see Appendix D (Supplement), kJ / (kg ·3·K),

K);kJ / (m
r
Page 28
t - Fuel temperature, .
r
When the solid fuel temperature is below 0 , the input energy should also be deducted accord
kJ / kg.
= 335 100 --W y

Q . ( W y -- W f )
jcl 100 --W f
Fuel specific heat according to formula (26) Calculations:
= 17,380,003
+ . t +t
c . ( r.yo o )
jcl 2
Where: c r.yo- Fuel specific heat, kJ / (kg · K);
t
r.yo- Fuel temperature, .
Gas Heat by type (27) Calculations:
c = 1 [.1298 ( CO + H + O + N ) + 1591
. (CH
rq 100 2 2 2 4
+ CO + HS + HO) + 2.094 CH Σ ]
2 2 2 m n
Where: c rq - Gas heat, kJ / (m 3· K).
6.2.1.2 external heat source heated air into the heat

According to equation (28) or type (29), type (30) Calculations:
Q = VSF[ ct'' -- ()]

c t
wl B pkk pkoo
Q = 'β [()h()]
o '-- h o
Or wl ky k k o
Q = D ml( h '-'' h )
Or wl B QR QR
3/ h;rate, kg / h, m
Where: D - External heat source refrigerant flow
wl
Q - External heat source heated air into the heat, kJ /3;kg, kJ / m

wl
B - Boiler fuel consumption, kg / h,3/mh;
V - Air flow into the air heater, 3m
/ h;
SF
c ' - Air preheater inlet temperature of the air under the constant pressure
3· K); specific heat, ch
pk
c 3· K);
pko- Reference temperature of air constant pressure specific heat, check Appendix C, kJ /
Page 29
Page 29
t ' - Air preheater inlet air temperature, ;

k
β'
ky- Air preheater inlet air volume and air volume theory of ratio;
h o, ()h o - Namely preheated air inlet enthalpy of the benchmark theory, the theoretical
3; temper
k k o
'H ''H
QR, QR- Air heater inlet and outlet heating working3fluid
. enthalpy, kJ / m
6.2.1.3 fuel atomization steam into the heat of

Q = D wh[ h ' -- h ) ]
wh B wh bq o
Where: Q wh- Spray steam into the heat, kJ / kg, kJ / 3m

;
Dwh- The amount of atomizing steam, kg / h;
hwh- Atomized steam parameters at the entrance, the enthalpy, kJ / kg;
(Hbq)o- Base temperature, the enthalpy of saturated steam, kJ / kg.
6.2.2 Output heat
1
Q = [D h ( -- h ) + 'D h ( ''- ' h )
1 B gq gq gs zd zd zq
+ D h( ''-- h ) + D h ( -- h ) + D h ( -- h )]
zj zq zj bg bq qs ps bs gs
Where: 3;
Q1- Output of heat, kJ / kg, kJ / m
D - Main Steam Flow, kg / h;
gq
h - Main steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;

gq
h - Water enthalpy, kJ / kg;

gs
'D
zq- The entrance reheater steam flow, kg / h;
'H h "
zq, zq- Respectively, reheater inlet and outlet steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;
D - Reheater by warm water flow rate, kg / h;

zj
zj- Reheater by warm water flow rate, kg / h;
h - Warm water reheater by enthalpy, kJ / kg;

zj
D - Out of the amount of saturated steam, kg / h;

bq
h , h bq- Respectively, saturated water and saturated steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;

bs
D - Sewage water flow, kg / h.

ps
Page 30
Type (32) applies to a re-heat, in order to reduce water temperature as a spray unit.
Reheater at all levels to
For multi-reheat absorb
units, heat.join the rest of
should
6.3 The thermal efficiency of heat loss calculation method
Boiler thermal efficiency of heat loss method according to formula (33) Calculations:
+Q +Q +Q + Q
η = 100 -- Q 2 3 4 5 6 × 100
Q
r
= 100 -- ( q + q q + q q )
2 3 4 5 6
Where: η - boiler thermal efficiency,%;
3; kJ / m
Q2- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel exhaust heat loss, kJ / kg,
Q3- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel incomplete combustion of combustible 3gas ; heat lo
Q4- Per kg (standard cubic meters) incomplete combustion of solid fuels, heat3; loss, kJ / kg, kJ
Q5- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel in the boiler heat loss heat, kJ3; / kg, kJ / m
Q6- Per kg (standard cubic meters) of fuel ash physical sensible heat loss of 3heat,
; kJ / kg, kJ /
q2- Exhaust heat loss rate,%;
q3- Combustible gas heat loss percentage of incomplete combustion,%;
q4- Solid heat loss percentage of incomplete combustion,%;
q5- Boiler heat loss rate,%;
q6- Ash percentage of the physical heat loss,%.
6.3.1
6.3.1
exhaust
Boiler exhaust heat loss for the last stage after the discharged flue gas heat exchanger sensible
heat
(34)
loss and type (35) Calculations:
Q
q = 2 × 100
2 Q
r
Q = Q gy+ Q HO
2 2 22
Where: q - Exhaust heat loss,%;
2
Q gy- Dry flue gas heat away, kJ / kg, kJ / m3;
2
Q2- Smoke away the heat, kJ / kg, kJ / m3;
Q HO
2 2 - Sensible heat of water vapor contained in flue
3. gas, kJ / kg, kJ / m
6.3.1.1 Dry heat from flue gas away

Q gy= V c (θ -- t )
2 gy p.gy py o
Where: Q 2gy- Dry flue gas heat away, kJ / kg, kJ / m3;
θ
py- Flue gas temperature, ;
c 3· K).
p. gy oTot θ pyThe average constant pressure
- Dry flue gas from specific heat, kJ / (m
Page 31
θ
Under normal circumstances, could be replaced
pyThebyaverage
dry flueconstant
gas from 03· K).
pressure
to specific heat, kJ /
Time-sharing, according to equation (37) Calculations: When the flue gas is kn
=c RO + O + +c CO
c 2 c 2 c
p.gy p.co2 100 p.o2 100 p.N2 p.co100
2
Approximate calculation by equation (38):
=c RO + (100 -- RO )
c 2 c 2
p.gy p.co2 100 p.N2 100
Where: c p. HO c
2 , * p. HO
c
2 , p. O
2 , C p*CO- Respectively,2,NCO 2, O 2And CO, the average constant
θ
Appendix C (Supplementary items) Table C1 in the flue 2gas
+ O2temperature
+ N2+ CO = check
100%,by
in check, in which
py= 0500
the
3· K); kJ / (m
Can also Appendix C (additional cases) formula,
V - Per kg (standard cubic meters) of dry flue gas genera

gy
Volume, 3m/ kg, m 3/ m.
Of solid and liquid fuels:
V = ()V(oc + a -- 1) ()
V oc
gy gy py gk
oc
Where: ()Vgk - By application of the base fuel components, by the actual burning out the theory of
= -- C y + 0375
. Sy + Ny
()V oc 1866
. r . () V oc + 08.
079
gy 100 gk 100
Where: Cy- Fuel use the actual burning of carbon-based quality of content in percentage,%.
r
y
AC
C y = C y --
r 100
Where: C y, A y- Were applied for fuel quality and content of carbon and ash percentage,%;
C - The average carbon content of ash and coal ash volume ratio,%.
a C a C c + a cjhC ccjh + a C c
C = lz lz + fh fh im im
100 -- C c 100-C c 100-C c 100 -- C c
lz fh cjh im
Where: alz, A fh, A cjh, A lm- Respectively, slag, fly ash, sedimentation ash, leaking coal ash ash acco
Content percentage (see Section 6.3.3),%;
Cclz, C cfh, C ccjh, C clm- Respectively, slag, fly ash, sedimentation ash, coal carbon leakage (see
()V oc - By application of the base fuel components, by the actual burning ou

gk
3kg.
Dry air volume, /m
()V oc = 0089
. (C y + 0375
. S y) + 0265
. H y -- 00333
. Oy
gk r
gk r
Page 32
On gas fuels:
V = V o + (α s -- )V1 o
gy gk py gk
= CO y + CO y + HS y + Σ CH y + Ny
V o 2 2 . V 0+ 2
m m n 079
gy 100 gk 100
Where: Vo - Application-based fuel composition according to the calculation

3/ m3; of the theoretical com
gy
Vogk- By application of the theoretical calculation of
3/ m3. base composition the amount of dry
the
1 n
Vo= 0 [5.CO y + 0 5.H y + 1 5.H S y + Σ ( m + C) H y -- O y]
gk 21 2 2 4 m n 2
α - Measured exhaust excess air coefficient, according to equation (47) calculated

py
= 21
a
py 21 -- ( O -- 2 CH -- 05. CO-0.5H )
2 4 2
Where: O2, CH 4, CO, H 2- Respectively, dry flue gas exhaust of oxygen, methane, carbon monox
Percentage,%;
RO2- Dry flue gas exhaust gas volume content of three-atom percentage,%;
m, n - the number of atoms in saturated hydrocarbons.
6.3.1.2 flue gas containing water vapor sensible heat
Q HO =Vc (θ -- t )
22 HO
2 p.HO
2 py o
Where: QH2O 3; kJ / m
2- Water vapor contained in flue gas heat, kJ / kg,
c θ
p. HO- Steam from t To pyThe average temperature between the constant pressure spec
the
2 o
From 0 3· K); by the Appendix C, Zha, kJ / (m
to θThe average constant pressure specific heat, obtained
py
V 3/ volume,
2 - Water vapor contained in flue gas
HO m3. m
V
2 Including:
HO
a. hydrogen fuel combustion water vapor;
b. evaporation of fuel in the formation of water vapor;
c. in the air of moisture into water vapor;
d. fuel atomization, etc. into the atmosphere.
V
2 According to equation (49) Calculations:
HO
4+ W y D
V = .124 [ 9 H + .1
293 a (V o ) c d + wh]
H2O 100 py gk k B
On gas fuels:
= 1 [ H y + HS y + m CH y] + d q + 1293
. aV do
V gk k
HO
2 100 2 2 2 m n 0.804 0.804
Page 33
Where: dq- Gas fuel moisture for dry gas per standard cubic meter of water vapor containing a few k
dk- The air absolute humidity, kg / kg (dry air), by Appendix G (Supplement) in wet air line
Richard, also according to equation (51) obtained,
φ
(p )
= 100 bo
d .0622 φ
k
p -- (p )
act 100 b o
Where: φ - by dry and wet bulb temperature thorough investigation of the air relative humidity,%;
pact- Local atmospheric pressure, Pa;
(Pb)o- In t oTemperature of the water vapor saturation pressure, Pa, in the range of 0 ~ 50
p = 6117927427809
. + . t + 16883
. t2
b o o
+ 1207910
. × --
2 t 3 + 6163710
. × --
4 t 4
o o
6.3.2 Combustible Gas incomplete combustion heat loss
The heat loss from the exhaust of the products of incomplete
, CH And combustion
CH ) Content
(CO, H
decisions, refers
2 4 m n
The heat loss from the exhaust of the products of incomplete

, CH And combustion
CH ) Content
(CO, H
decisions, refers
2 4 m n
Combustible gas composition does not release its heat of combustion heat loss caused by the percen
1
q3= . CO +358.18 CH4 + 10798
V (12636 . H2 + 59079
. CH ×
m n) 100
Q gy
r
Where: q - Chemical incomplete combustion heat loss,%.
3
6.3.3 Heat loss incomplete combustion of solid
Coal-fired boiler incomplete combustion of solid heat loss, that is, combustible ash resulting fr
Sub-coal heat loss percentage of total heat input.
On the fire bed furnace:
337 .27 A yC
q=
4 Q
r
Chamber furnace of fire:
33727
. AC y +
q = q sz
4 Q 4
r
Where: q - Solid incomplete combustion heat loss,%;
4
qs 4z- Medium-Speed Pulverizer coal pebbles discharged heat loss,%.
BQ sz × 100
q sz = SZ DW
4 BQ
r
Where: B - Medium-speed coal mill waste stones of coal, kg / h;
sz
QszDW - Stones measured calorific value of coal, kJ / kg.
Of oil-fired boiler is generally very little ash, would be negligible, if the need to calculate, its i
33727. µ
q = V
4 Q gy
r
3.
Where: µ - boiler exhaust carbon concentration, g/m
Page 34
6.3.4 heat loss

Boiler heat loss q , Means the boiler furnace walls, metal structures and within the framework
5
Boxes, etc.) to the surrounding environment, the heat dissipation of the percentage of the total inpu
Heat loss
Charge on.value of the size of the negative heat boiler unit
Run-time,
Rated underq According to equation (58) Calculations:
5 the boiler in the heat loss of evaporation according to Appendix F (additional cases) R
When the boiler in the other evaporation
De
q = qe
5 5 D
Where: q - Heat loss,%;

5
qe5- Rated evaporation under the heat loss,% 〔according to Appendix F (additional cases)
De- Boiler rated evaporation, t / h;
D - determination of boiler efficiency when the actual evaporation, t / h.
6.3.5 Physical heat loss ash
Ash physical heat loss, namely, slag, fly ash and the ash deposition taken when the emission o
Fraction, according to equation (59) Calculations:
θ
= A y a lz( t lg -- t o ) c lg + a fh( py -- t o) c fh + a cjh( t cjh-- t o)c cjh
q [ ]
6 100 Q 100 c c- 100 --c c 100 c c-
r lz fh cjh
Where: q6- Ash physical heat loss,%;
tlz- Slag discharged from the furnace temperature, .
When not directly measured, the solid slag pulverized coal desirable 800
排渣火室炉可取t lz=t3+100 (t 3为煤灰的熔化温度， )，也可取用事先协商一致的数据。
tcjh ——由烟道排出之沉降灰温度，可取为沉降灰斗上部空间的烟气温度
clz、cfh、ccjh——分别为炉渣、飞灰及沉降灰的比热，按附录C(补充件)查取,kJ/(kg
y
Azs= 4187a " 10%
当燃煤的折算灰分小于10%(即 QyDM )时，固态排渣火室炉可忽略炉渣的物
理热损失；火床炉及液态排渣炉、旋风炉可忽略飞灰的物理热损失。
对燃油及燃气锅炉：q6= 0
6.4简化热效率计算
热效率的计算可按具体条件对下列各项全部或部分简化：
a.将燃料的低位发热量作为输入热量；
b.忽略输入物理热及雾化蒸汽带入的热量；
c.排烟热损失计算中忽略雾化蒸汽及燃料中氮引起的热损失，并取
= 151
. kJ / (m3.K) ，空气绝对
干烟气比c p* gy=1.38kJ/(m3・K)，水蒸气比热cp cpHO
.2
dk=0.01kg/kg(干空气)；
apy= 21
d.过量空气系数计算公式采用 21--O2
py 21--O
d.过量空气系数计算公式采用 2
e.煤粉炉忽略气体未完全燃烧热损失；
f.忽略磨煤机排出石子煤的热损失；
g.除液态排渣炉外，可忽略灰渣物理显热损失。
7换算到保证条件下的热效率
锅炉试验期间，要求基准空气温度、外部预热的燃烧空气温度、给水温度、再热
Page 35
蒸汽温度及燃料特性(主要为QyDW与W y)等初始条件都符合规定的要求(如设计值或保
当它们与规定值有偏差时，试验所得的锅炉热效率应换算到设计参数下的热效率。由于
结构型式众多，不可能对这种换算提出一套通用的曲线或公式，因此，锅炉制造厂应
为其生产的锅炉提供这种修正曲线等资料，并得到有关各方事先认可。
如果试验所用燃料特性在预先约定的变化范围内，可以不进行由于燃料特性变化
率的修正。当超出这一变化范围而在协商一致的基础上，也可按第7.2.4 条对燃料特性的
化进行修正。
在上述各项修正中，以基准空气温度和给水温度偏差的修正最为主要，在有关各方事先
协商一致的情况下，可按下述原则进行热效率的修正。
7.1输入热量的修正
7.1.1将保证的进风温度替代燃料物理热及雾化蒸汽带入锅炉热量公式中的试验基准
温度。
7.1.2当以暖风器进风量计算外来热源加热空气带入锅炉热量时，在公式中以保证的
度代替试验基准温度。
进风温
7.2热损失的修正
7.2.1进风温度偏差的换算
进风温度与保证温度的偏差，主要影响排烟热损失和灰渣物理显热损失，除了将
的输入热量代替试验时的输入热量之外，还应进行如下各项换算。
7.2.1.1对电站锅炉中最常见的不带暖风器的送风系统，在排烟热损失及灰渣物理热
计算中，除了以保证的进风温度替代试验基准温度外，还应对排烟温度进行换算，计
损失的
如式(60)：
b θ ' --θ + θ ' (θ -- t )
θ b = t o ( ky py) ky py o
py (θ ' -- t )
ky o
式中：θ b ——换算到保证进口空气温度时的排烟温度，；
式中：θ bpy——换算到保证进口空气温度时的排烟温度，；
tbo——保证的进口空气温度，；
to——实测基准温度，；
θ'
ky——空气预热器进口实测烟气温度(如双级交错布置时，为低温级空气预热
；
θ
py——实测排烟温度，。
b θb
将保证的进口空气温度 t o 及换算后的排烟温度 py和输入热量，分别替代热损失计
θ
式中的 to And py，即可求得修正后的热损失值。
7.2.1.2当锅炉带有暖风器并投入使用时，锅炉主空气预热器进口空气温度 k 高于送风
t'
口的进风温度 to，此时有如下情况：
t'
a.当进风温度 t o 发生变化，而暖风器出口的空气加热温度 ky保持设计值不变时，排
b
温度不变，热损失的修正只需将实测值 ot 代之以保证值 to ，并重新计算 Qw1.
t' t'
b.当进风温度t o= t ob ，而暖风器的加热空气温度 k 发生变更，则排烟温度将因 k 的改
Page 36
而随之改变。排烟温度可按式(60)求得，但式中ot应代之以实测的暖风器出口风温t 'k ,
θb θ
Thet ob 代之以暖风器出口风温的设计值 t 'bk ，用求得的 py代替实测的 py.
对输入热量中的
Q 也作相应的修正，即可算出修正后的热损失。
w1
Q
c.当进风温度及暖风器的加热温度都与设计值不同时，除了修正输入热量中的 w1
θ θ
b θb θ
外，还应以 t o 替代 to，并像b 项中所述那样用求得的 py代替 py，从而求得换算后的
失。
7.2.2给水温度偏差的换算
给水温度与设计值的偏差所引起排烟温度的变化可按式(61)进行计算(当偏差值小于
时，可不进行该项修正)：
θ ′ − ′′ θ θ −′
θ b = θ + [ sm sm] [ py t k ]( t b -- t )
py py θ ′ − t θ′−′t gs gs
sm gs ky k
θb
Where: py——换算到设计给水温度时的排烟温度，；
θ
py——实测排烟温度，；
θ' θ ′′
sm, sm——省煤器进、出口烟气实测温度(如双级交错布置时为低温级省煤器)，
θ' ′t
ky, k ——空气预热器进口实测烟气和空气温度(如双级交错布置时为低温级空气
器)，；
t
gs——实测给水温度，；
tb
gs——设计给水温度，。
θb θ
将所得的 py代替热损失计算公式中的 py，即可算得修正后的热损失。
7.2.3进风温度和给水温度都偏离设计值时的修正
当进风温度和给水温度都偏离设计值时，可以先按第7.2.1 条进行进风温度偏差的修正，
再按第7.2.2 条进行给水温度偏差的修正。
7.2.4修正后的热损失值
将燃料中各组分及低位发热量的设计值替代排烟热损失计算有关公式中的试验值
求得修正后的该项热损失值。
7.3锅炉热效率的修正
用经修正后的输入热量及热损失，由式(22)与式(33)计算所得的锅炉热效率，就是
到保证条件下的热效率，可以和热效率的保证值(或设计值)相比较。
8锅炉净效率
锅炉机组的净效率是考虑了锅炉自身需用的热耗和电耗后的效率，可由式(62)计
Page 37
ηQ
η = r ×100
j b
Q + ΣQ + 29310ΣP
r zy B
η
Where: ——锅炉毛效率，也即第6.2 条中所提的热效率，%；
ΣQ
zy——锅炉自用热耗，系指蒸汽驱动辅助设备和吹灰等所用外来蒸汽热耗，kJ/kg
kJ / m3;
ΣP
——锅炉设备制粉系统、送风机、引风机、烟气再循环风机、强制循环泵、除渣及
除灰系统、电除尘器等辅助机械电动机的实际功率, kW；
b——电厂发电标准煤耗，kg/(kW・h)；
B——燃料消耗量，kg/h、m3/h；
Qr——锅炉输入热量，kJ/kg、kJ/m3.
9锅炉蒸发量、蒸汽参数及其他运行特性试验
9.1锅炉蒸发量、蒸汽压力与温度
9.1.1锅炉验收试验中，测定锅炉蒸发量、蒸汽压力与温度可在锅炉热效率试验及其
的性能试验中同时进行。测定时间应不少于2h。
他有关
9.1.2锅炉蒸发量及再热蒸汽、减温喷水流量的测定见第5.4 条。
9.1.3蒸汽温度及给水、喷水温度的测量见第5.2 条。
9.1.4蒸汽压力测量见第5.3 条。
9.1.5应同时在试验中测取和记录其他各热力参数，详见本标准第5 章。
9.1.6除在额定蒸发量下进行的两次有效测定外，还应在70%额定蒸发量下对有关保
进行测定。
证参数
9.2锅炉最大连续蒸发量
9.2.1测定目的是为了检验锅炉机组设计(或保证)最大连续蒸发量。
9.2.2试验中应监测的内容：
a.锅炉蒸发量、蒸汽压力与温度；
b.炉水和蒸汽品质；
c.汽水系统的安全性；
d.调温装置运行适应性；
e.受热面的沾污情况与金属壁温；
f.锅炉各辅机、热力系统及自控装置的适应能力等。
f.锅炉各辅机、热力系统及自控装置的适应能力等。
试验过程中，还应严密监测锅炉其他运行参数。
9.2.3试验时间应保持2h 以上。
9.2.4所测得的最大蒸发量数值应对测试误差及蒸汽与给水参数偏离设计的焓值进行
修正。
9.3最低稳定燃烧负荷试验和液态排渣临界负荷试验
9.3.1试验目的为确定固态排渣煤粉锅炉不投油或气体燃料助燃而能够长期稳定燃烧
到的最低负荷，或液态排渣炉稳定流渣的临界负荷。
所能达
9.3.2应确保安全。试验前，需检查和确认火焰监测系统和灭火保护装置的性能良
快速投入助燃燃料及将负荷转给其他锅炉等措施。
好，并有
9.3.3试验应以3%～10%额定负荷的幅度逐级降低锅炉负荷，并在每级负荷下保持15
～
30min，直至燃烧稳定的最低负荷(按协议或至锅炉的保证最低稳定燃烧负荷)。
液态排渣炉的最低稳定燃烧负荷通常低于液态排渣临界负荷，在逐级降低锅炉负
Page 38
每级负荷下至少保持稳定30min 以上。
9.3.4在降负荷过程中应密切监测炉膛内燃料着火情况、炉膛负压及过量空气系数。
试验时，均需观测和记录各主要运行参数。试验中的给水温度应和设计值相近，最低
在每级
烧负荷下的试验持续时间不少于2h。
9.4汽、水品质
9.4.1锅炉试验中需要进行汽、水品质试验的场合
a.锅炉验收试验；
b.锅炉水循环系统或汽水分离系统改变时；
c.锅炉运行方式改变(如由带基本负荷变为带冲击负荷或调峰)；
d.锅炉补给水处理方式改变或给水质量明显恶化时；
e.发现过热器或汽轮机通流部分严重积盐时。
9.4.2水、汽取样
9.4.2.1为了使取出的水、汽样品具有代表性，水、汽取样应遵循SS—2—1 中的规
定。
9.4.2.2水、汽取样位置及推荐采用的取样装置见表18。
表18
Name
取样位置取样装置 Preparation
Note
Said
锅筒正常水位下200 ～ a.取样管应避开给水分配管
300mm，靠近一次分离元件的排多孔管式取和加药管；
锅水
水出口处。分段蒸发的锅炉布置样管 b.取样管长度应与锅筒内
在盐段水室设分离器区长度相同
省煤器前从给水泵后的高压
给水管式取样管
给水母管上
取样器沿溢水通道宽度布置，
装在溢水门坎下30mm 处。双侧清洗水取样
Cleaning 有蒸汽清洗的高压、超高
溢水清洗装置，在前、后溢水通器(斗式)(附录
Water 炉分析清洗装置工况用
道中各布置一个取样器，样品引 Q 中Q1)
出后合并成一根管路
探针式取样
应尽量在锅筒刚出口处的饱器(附录Q 中
应等速取样，按90%额定
饱和和蒸汽引出管上取样，取样点不 Q2)
设计取样器；安装时样品入口小
蒸汽少于三点，并沿锅筒长度均匀布多孔型取样
管正对汽流，偏角不大于
Set 器(附录Q 中
Q3)
乳头式取样应等速取样，按90%额定
设计取样器。对引出管设
器(附录Q 中者，要使样品在小孔或缝
过热在锅炉出口的集汽联箱或主
Q4) 流速为取样母管中汽流速度的
蒸汽蒸汽管道上
多孔渐缩型两倍，以此来确定母管直
取样器(附录Q 装时要使样品引出端向下
中Q5) °～5°，以利于湿分的疏出。
Page 39
蒸汽清洗装置前乳头式取样 °～5°，以利于湿分的疏出。

器(附录Q 中安装时，取样管入口应正
Q6) 流，偏角不大于5°
Q6) 流，偏角不大于5°
旋风分离器立式圆型顶帽出乳头式取样
I 器(圆环型)(附
录Q 中Q7)
锅内
蒸汽旋风分离器水平波型板顶帽缝隙式取样
出口；器(附录Q 中
清洗装置后、二次分离元件 Q8)
前；缝隙式取样
一次分离元件出口器(附录Q 中
Q9)
9.4.2.3蒸汽取样器入口要求尖锐且无毛刺，以减小对汽流的干扰。
9.4.2.4水、汽取样装置及引出管均采用不锈钢材料。
9.4.3试验内容与方法
9.4.3.1试验准备
a.试验大纲编制参照第4.2.15 条；有关热工仪表的校验见第5.1.4 条；
b.根据所采用的汽、水分析方法，准备必要的仪表和药品，如pH 计、pNa 计、分光光
度计、导电仪等；制备无硅水、无钠水，标定标准曲线，检查pNa 电极的线性等；
c.对每个测点进行检查，确认无误后挂好标牌；
d.试验前2～3 天，各取样器应投入运行，将取样流量调整到设计范围，冷却水量
到使样品温度为30～40 。
9.4.3.2主要试验内容及试验方法见表19。锅水浓度升高速率见表20，饱和蒸汽和过
质量标准见表21
热蒸汽 .
这句话原文在表19 锅水浓度试验的备注栏。
表19
试验内容试验对象与目的试验条件与方法 Preparation
临界在锅炉额定蒸发量和参数下，保持
对以化学软化水作为
With 正常水位和燃烧稳定。试验中锅水pH
补充水、且补充水率较大
钠值保持在9.5～10 之间
的中压及以下锅炉
Volume 提高锅水浓度的方法如下：
Pot
Water a.自然浓缩法(关闭排污阀门)；
b.向锅水中加药(临界含钠量试验
浓
加磷酸三钠或氯化钠、硫酸钠，临界
临界
Degree 对以化学除盐水作为
含硅量试验加硅酸钠)；
Test With 补给水的高压及以上锅
c.锅水浓度升高速率按表20。
Inspection
Si 炉。对压力为中压及以下
当蒸汽、品质超过表21 所列数值
锅炉可视具体情况而定
Volume
时，表明锅水浓度已达临界值，此时
立即降低锅水浓度，直至蒸汽品质恢
复正常
Page 40
Different 保持正常水位，燃烧稳定，将锅炉
确定锅炉最大允许负蒸发量从最低允许值至额定值(或最
负负荷，了解锅炉负荷与蒸汽大连续蒸发量)，由低到高分3～4 点
荷荷试品质之关系进行试验。各蒸发量下尽量保持锅筒
SpecialInspection 压力一致，且维持2～3h
Of
负荷尽量保持锅筒水位稳定，按有关规
Test 对调峰、带中间负荷或程规定的负荷变化速率(电厂运行规
Bo
Inspection 冲击负荷的锅炉更有必程)锅炉蒸发量由最低允许值至额定
动试
要进行该项试验值之间进行波动，并在最低和最高蒸
Inspection
发量处各稳定0.5h 锅水含
Different 稳定蒸发量和参数下，并保持燃烧量维持在最
确定锅炉最高允许水 Stable. 从最低和最高允许水位之间由高允许值
Water 位，了解锅筒水位与蒸汽
低到高选取3～4 点进行试验。 Each 75%～80%
Water位试品质之关系水位下稳定2～3h
Bit Inspection
Special
Water 在额定蒸发量、设计参数下进行，
Of 保持燃烧稳定。将水位在最低至最高
Bo
Test 对调峰及带中间负荷允许值之间来回变化，变化速率按机
动试
Inspection 或冲击负荷的锅炉尤为组特性而定，一般为每分钟10～
Inspection
必要进行该项试验 30mm。在最低和最高水位处各稳定
0.5h 锅水含盐量维持在最高允许值
的75%～80%
保持某一蒸发量(如80%额定蒸发
仅对超高压及以上锅量)、正常水位、燃烧稳定，锅水pH 锅水含
锅筒压炉进行，为确定锅筒压力值维持在9.5～10.0 之间。选取最大量维持在最
力试验与蒸汽选择性携带的关工作压力以下3～4 点(差值为1～高允许值
Department 1.5MPa)，压力由低到高逐点进行试 75%～80%
验，每一压力下稳定2～3h
额定蒸发量及参数、正常水位、燃对于有蒸
烧稳定，试验中逐步增加补充水率，汽清洗装
观察蒸汽品质的变化。当蒸汽品质(钠的锅炉，以蒸
观察蒸汽品质的变化。当蒸汽品质(钠的锅炉，以蒸
最大补一般仅对给水质量较
和二氧化硅含量)超出表21 数值时，汽二氧化硅
充水率差的高压及以下锅炉才
补充水率达到临界值。此时立即降低含量为标
试验进行该项试验
锅水浓度直至蒸汽品质恢复正常确定最大允
许的补充水
Rate
表20 推荐的锅水浓度增长速度mg/(L・h)
临界含钠量试验临界二氧化硅含量试验
试验时间
分段蒸发盐段单段蒸发高压、超高压亚临界压力
150 50 0.04～0.05 0.02～0.03 至蒸汽品质恶
表21 饱和蒸汽和过热蒸汽质量标准
Pressure力钠 µ g / kg 二氧化硅
FurnaceType
MPa 磷酸盐处理挥发性处理 µ g / kg
3.82～5.78 ≤ 15
锅筒锅炉 ≤20
5.88～18.63 ≤10 ≤10 1)
直流锅炉 5.88～18.63 ≤10
Page 41
注：1)争取标准为钠含量≤5µg/kg。
9.4.3.3试验期间工况记录按表22。
表22 年月日
9.4.3.4化学分析项目见表23；化学分析方法按《火力发电厂水
汽试验方法》(水电部颁发，
1984 年版)进行。
汽试验方法》(水电部颁发，
1984 年版)进行。
表23
注：1)碱度单位毫克当量/L 应改用mmol/L。
9.4.3.5工况记录及化学分析的时间间隔可按具体情况自行规定。
9.5汽水系统阻力和压差
9.5.1试验目的为测定下述系统或管组的汽水侧阻力或压差，以便与设计值相比较。
a.锅炉汽水系统整体；
b.再热器、过热器、省煤器等部分系统；
c.上述a 或b 系统中某一部分管组。
9.5.2汽水系统或管组的压差∆p 为系统或管组进、出口实测静压差，即：
∆p=p′-p″
式中：∆p——汽水系统或管组的压差，Pa；
p′、p″——分别为汽水系统或管组进、出口实测的静压，Pa。
9.5.3汽水系统或管组的阻力∆p z(即流动阻力)可根据系统或管组实测进、出口静压差按表
24 计算确定。表中，当流体向上流动时，∆p zw前为“-”号；当流体向下流动时，∆p
为“+”号。
Page 42
Page 42
表24 汽水系统管组阻力计算
阻力∆ p z
Name Said Preparation
Note
Pa
直流锅炉本体 ∆p --
锅炉垂直管组 ∆ p ±∆ p
zw
∆p
zw为管道重位
当所测管道重位压差和进、
直流锅炉辐射区出口动压差与流动阻力相 ∆p --
汽水混合物管屏和比很小时
Pipeline 当管道重位压差和进、出口 ∆ p d为管道进、出口
∆ p ±∆ p -∆ p
动压差较大而不能忽略时 zw d Pressure
一般情况下 ∆p --
过热器对某一过热器部件进行深
∆ p ±∆ pzw- pd --
入分析研究时
再热器 p ±∆ pzw-∆ p d --
省煤器及给水管道 ∆ p ±∆ pzw --
9.5.4管组或管道重位压差∆p zw(Pa)用管道(组)进、出口平均压力和实测温度值并按式
算：
∆p = 9 .807 ρ ∆ H
zm
式中：∆H——管道进、出口之间高度差，m；
ρ
——管道中流体的平均真实密度，kg/m3.
9.5.5管道进、出口动压差∆p d(Pa)按式(65)计算：
∆ p = 1 [()
ρ ′′ω′′ − ′ ′2 ρ ω( ) ] 2
d 2
式中：ρ′、ρ″——管道进、出口流体密度，kg/m 3;
w′、w″——管道进、出口流体速度，m/s。
9.5.6温度、压力以及流量测定按第5.2 条、第5.3、第5.4 条的规定。
9.5.7测定静压时，必须注意对压力指示仪表处与测点之间传压管中液柱重位压差的
如采用测定某段管道进、出口静压的方法来确定该管道的压降会带来较大误差时，可采用差
修正；
压计测定压差值，此时还应对进、出口测定之间由高度差引起的传压管道中重位压差
压计测定压差值，此时还应对进、出口测定之间由高度差引起的传压管道中重位压差
正。
9.6空气预热器漏风
9.6.1试验目的
试验目的为考核空气预热器漏风性能。
9.6.2空气预热器漏风率的测定与计算
9.6.2.1空气预热器漏风率定义为漏入空气预热器烟气侧的空气质量与进入空气预热
气质量之比，见式(66)：
器的烟
Page 43
∆m ′′− ′
mm
A = ×
k 100 = y y × 100
L m' m '
y y
Where: AL——空气预热器漏风率，%；
∆m ——漏入空气预热器烟气侧的空气质量，kg/kg,kg/m3;
k
m′ y、m″ y——分别为烟道进、出口处烟气质量，kg/kg,kg/m3.
9.6.2.2空气预热器漏风率的测定见附录K(补充件)。
9.6.3试验及测定
9.6.3.1试验应在额定负荷或接近额定负荷下进行。
9.6.3.2应同时用同种类型的分析仪测量相应区段烟道的进、出口烟气成分进行计
算。
9.6.3.3测定烟气成分见本标准第5.7 条。
9.6.3.4试验前应稳定锅炉蒸发量及风量，同时记录炉膛负压；试验过程中入炉燃料
量应保持不变；抽取样品应保持连续性，有效分析次数不小于5 次。
和空气
9.7烟风道静压差
9.7.1测定目的为检验额定蒸发量时各段烟风道设计的静压差或检查各段烟风道及有
是否有异常情况。
关风门
9.7.2采用U 型管压力计和薄膜式压力计测定烟风道静压(见第
用U
5.3.3型管压力计；长期监测时(如表盘指示)，一般采用薄膜式压力计。
条)。当就地测量时，采
9.7.3有关测点安装、测点数量以及注意事项见第5.3.3 条。
9.8制粉系统主要特性参数测定
9.8.1测定目的
锅炉验收试验中，为评定制粉系统特性以及测定锅炉机组热效率、净效率或进行某些
行特性试验提供数据，需对主要特性参数(磨煤机出力、耗电量、通风量和煤粉细度)
Set.
9.8.2主要特性参数定义
9.8.2.1磨煤机出力：单位时间内进入磨煤机的煤量，t/h。
9.8.2.2磨煤机耗电量和制粉系统总耗电量：磨煤机耗电量为其电动机输出轴功率P″
kW；制粉系统总耗电量PZF为其范围内所有主要设备(磨煤机、排粉机或一次风机、给
密封风机等)驱动电机所消耗的功率之和，即ΣP i,kW。
9.8.2.3磨煤机通风量：进入磨煤机用于干燥原煤和输送煤粉的风量，m 3/ h.
9.8.2.4煤粉细度：按规定方法，用标准筛筛分后留在筛上的剩余煤粉质量与所筛分
粉质量之比，以R x，%表示。
的总煤
注：x 为筛网孔径，µm。
9.8.3磨煤机出力测定
9.8.3.1采用称量进入磨煤机的给煤量。对于中速磨煤机，还应同时称量石子煤量(相
煤量)。
应于给
9.8.3.2称量时采用的方法随磨煤机型式及有无计量装置的不同，一般有下列几种：
a.自动称量法，即利用磨煤机系统中独用的自动磅秤，每次卸空后应对自动磅秤
验和检查零位；
Page 44
b.给煤机特性法，用经标定过的给煤机的给煤量特性来测定给煤量，同时需测定煤的堆
积密度。当精度能满足试验要求时采用。
c.直接截取称量法，采用专用磅秤，用以称量无其他办法能获得供入磨煤机的煤量，
验前磅秤需经校验。
9.8.3.3测量
9.8.3.3测量
的时间间隔表25
见表25。 Name Said 测量时间间隔及次数
装有自动磅秤且在运行中有直接指示时每10～15min 测读、记录一次
积算仪试验开始及结束时各记录一次读数及起、止
每10～15min 测量一次给煤机转速；
给煤量特性法
每个工况应测定堆积密度1～2 次
直接截取称量每个工况称量应不少于3 次
9.8.4磨煤机耗电量及制粉系统总耗电量测定
9.8.4.1用经校验过的功率表或电度表测定。
9.8.4.2磨煤机驱动电机输出轴功率按式(67)计算：
ρ ′′ = P η
MM MM
ρ ′′
Where: MM——磨煤机驱动电机输出轴功率，kW；
PMM ——实测磨煤机电动机功率，kW；
η——根据电动机实测功率在电动机效率曲线上查得的电动机效率，%。
一般情况下不作效率修正。通常直接采用实测所得的各项功率，按第9.8.4.3 条和第
9.8.4.4 条进行各项计算。
9.8.4.3制粉系统总耗电量按式(68)计算：
P = Σ PP= +P +P +P
ZF i MM PF GM MF
Where: PZF——制粉系统总耗电量，kW；
PPF、PGM
、PMF——制粉系统排粉机(或一次风机)、给煤机、密封风机等所采用的各驱动电
实测功率，kW。
9.8.4.4磨煤机耗电率与制粉系统总耗电率按式(69)、式(70)计算：
′′
E = PMM
MM.r B
MM
Σ
E = PZF
ZF.r B
MM
式中：EMM *r——磨煤机耗电率，kW・h/t；
EZF* r ——制粉系统耗电率，kW・h/t；
BMM
——磨煤机出力，t/h。
9.8.5
9.8.5
磨
煤
机
通
风
量 Page 45
测
定
9.8.5.1在磨煤机前或后的管道合适部位上进行测量。对直吹式系统，一般在磨煤机
对中间煤粉仓系统，在粗粉分离器后的管道上测量，同时还须测取再循环风量。
前测量；
9.8.5.2在磨煤机后测量时，总风量中包括系统漏风(对负压系统)或密封风量(对正压
系统)。
9.8.5.3测孔前后应有一定长度的直管段，建议测孔上游直段不少于5 倍管道内径，测
游直段不少于3 倍管道内径。
孔下
9.8.5.4有关测点的布置及测点的确定，按第5.4.4 条和附录H(补充件)的规定。
9.8.5.5一般须测定动压、静压、介质温度和大气压力。测量方法见第5.2 条、第5.3
条、第
5.4 条。
9.8.5.6测量的时间间隔按下列规定：
a.固定式测量装置：每10～15min 一次；
b.移动式动压测定管(包括毕托管)：一般每个工况测定一次；
c.静压、介质温度、大气压力：每10～15min 一次，且应注意与动压测定同时进行。
9.8.6煤粉细度测定
9.8.6.1煤粉取样应尽量在垂直管道上进行。
对直吹系统，在煤粉分离器(或竖井)出口管道上采用经标定的等速取样器采取样
个工况1～2 次。
对中间储仓式制粉系统，一般可在细粉分离器下粉管道上用旋转式活动取样管采
个工况2～3 次，并将所得煤粉细度乘以细粉分离器效率进行修正；当验收试验或鉴定
时，应尽量在粗粉分离器出口管道上用内外静压平衡等速取样法采样。
9.8.6.2采用等速取样的取样孔及取样点的确定方法按第5.4.4 条和附录H(补充件)，但
量一般比测定动压时多35%～50%。
其数
9.8.6.3对同一个煤粉样，应同时采用三种以上不同规格的筛子进行筛分。常用标准
规格为45、90、200、1000µm，不同煤种使用筛子规格如下：
筛孔径
a.褐煤：孔径为90、200、1000µm 的标准筛；
b.其他煤种：孔径为45、90、200µm 的标准筛。
图3 煤粉颗粒特性曲线
9.8.6.4应对煤粉样品的代表性进行评定。同一个煤粉样品至少在三种不同规格的标
进行筛分，将所得的三个煤粉细度取对数，点于lglnRx-lgx 坐标图上(图3)，若三点不在同一
准筛上
根直线上，则应寻找原因重新取样。
Page 46
9.8.6.5煤粉颗粒特性均匀系数n 按式(71)计算：
100 -- 100
lgln lgln
R R
n= x1
--
x2
lgx lgx
1 2
式中：x1、x2——分别表示两种不同规格筛子的孔径，µm。
10误差分析
10.1测量误差分类及特征
测量误差分类见表26。
表26
误差类
定义及特征 Department
Li
Do
由随机出现的偶然因素而引起的误差。
随机误进行符合正态分布的判别及
由随机出现的偶然因素而引起的误差。
随机误进行符合正态分布的判别及
值大小和正负方向不定，并且有抵偿性，其
Number
Poor 算误差
分布一般符合正态分布定律
由仪表缺陷、周围环境的改变、个人的习
惯与偏向等因素引起的误差。可分为已定系已定系统误差可根据产生的原
系统误
统和未定系统两种误差。前者较容易掌握，因加以清除；未定系统误差也可作
Poor
后者不能确切掌握也没有必要掌握，只需估为随机误差计算
计它不会超出某一极限范围
在测量过程中，由某些突然发生的不正常
疏失误因素或测量中的疏忽而引起的明显歪曲测量
应对其进行消除
Poor 结果的误差(但不应将由于工况波动引起的测
量值的变化数据混为一谈)
10.2系统误差和疏失误差的消除
10.2.1已定系统误差，可通过多次测量及掌握其规律对测值进行修正而消除。
10.2.2未定系统误差，一般不作修正，但在误差合成时计入。
10.2.3疏失误差可采用本标准附录L(参考件)中格拉布斯(Grubbs)方法及简化消除方法
消除(但不应将由于工况波动而引起的测量值变化数据看作疏失误差剔除)。
进行
10.3符合正态分布的随机误差判别和计算
10.3.1按GB4882 判别随机误差分布符合正态分布定律。
10.3.2随机误差的计算
10.3.2.1标准差(标准偏差)
无限次测量的标准差按式(72)计算；有限次测量的标准差按式(73)计算：
Σn υ 2 12
/
i
S = i=1
n
Page 47
Σn υ 2 12
/
i
S = i=1--
n 1
式中：S——标准差；
vi——观测值x i 与算术平均值x 的偏差；
υ = −xx
i i
n——观测次数。
10.3.2.2测量值算术平均值x 的标准差 Sx 按式(75)计算：
/12
Σn υ 2
S = = i
S = i1
x n n ( n -- )1
10.3.2.3极差(极限偏差)
测量值的极差为标准差与置信系数的乘积，按式(76)计算：
=
R tS
式中：R——测量值的极差；
t——置信系数。
测量值算术平均值的极差为算术平均值偏差与置信系数的乘积，按式(77)计算：
tS
R = tS =
x x n
置信系数与测量值置信水平(1-α)的对应关系如下：
a.对测量列的单项测量，按表27；
b.对测量列的算术平均值，按表28。
表27
置信系数 t 置信水平(1-α)
1 0.6826
2 0.9544
3 0.9973
表28 置信系数、置信水平与观测次数之间的对应关系
(供计算测量列算术平均值的极限误差时用)
(供计算测量列算术平均值的极限误差时用)
Page 48
10.3.2.4误差合成
测量某一参数时，如果存在n 个随机误差(偏差)和m 个未定系统误差，该量值的综
机误差按式(78)计算：
δ = ( Σn S 2) 12
/
s i
i=1
该量值的综合极限误差按式(79)计算：
δ = ( Σn R 2 + Σm ∆2) 12
/
R i i
i=1 i=1
式中：∆——未定系统误差。
10.3.2.5测量值的总误差
测量值的总误差主要包括取样误差和测量误差，按式(80)计算：
σ σ= [ 2 + σ 2]12
/
c s
总极限误差按式(81)计算：
Page 49
Σσ = [σ σ2 + 2 ]12
/
R c R
Σσ
Where: σ , R——测量值的总误差和总极限误差；
σ
c ——取样误差；
σ σ
s, R ——测量值的综合误差和综合极限误差。
10.4间接测量中误差的传递计算公式
σ σ σ
设：y=F(x1，x2, x3,…，xn), x1 x2 ，…， xn 分别为测值自变数x 1，x2，…，x
合误差，当其偶然误差为正态分布时，误差传递计算公式如式(82)、式(83)：
∂y 2 ∂y 2 ∂y 2
σ = σ2+ σ 2 + ... + σ 2
y ∂x x1 ∂x x2 ∂x xn
1 2 n
∂y 2 ∂ 2 ∂y 2
δ 2 + y σ 2 +... σ2
σ ∂x x1 ∂ x x2 ∂x xn
σ = y × 100 = 1 2 n × 100
ay y y
σ σ
Where: y, oy——测量值y 的总误差和相对总误差；
y——间接测量值；
x1，x2，…，xn——各个测量值。
注：按本规程给定的计算公式计算间接测量误差时，不考虑各个测量值的相关性和
公式的不准确性及某些常数的不准确性给间接测量值带来的附加误差。
10.5锅炉热效率计算中对测量误差的分析
10.5.1在对锅炉试验的误差进行分析时，由测量误差在效率计算中引起的误差应按本
出的方法进行分析确定，测量误差中所包括的取样误差可由试验实际确定或经协商一致后估
章所提
Set.
10.5.2表29 列出了除取样误差外各测量误差对锅炉热效率的影响。表中所列出的数
参考。所列出的测量范围不具有权威性。
据仅供
10.5.3误差计算实例见附录M(补充件)。
表29 不同方法可能测量的误差、导致效率计算的误差%
在计算锅
Preface Rate
方法名称 Measurement
VolumeItem Head Measurement error
No. 中所导致的
Poor
Lose 1 称重箱(经标定的磅秤) ±0.10 ±0.10
Into 2 容积箱(经标定) ±0.25 ±0.25
-- 3 经标定的流量喷嘴或孔板(包括压力计) ±0.35 ±0.35
Lose 4 经标定的流量喷嘴或孔板(包括记录仪) ±0.55 ±0.55
Page 50
Out 5 煤秤一次装炉量或堆料(经标定) ±0.25 ±0.25

France 未经校验的流量喷嘴或孔板(包括压力
6 ±1.25 ±1.25
计)
未经校验的流量喷嘴或孔板(包括记录
7 ±1.60 ±1.60
仪)
8 燃料的热值(煤) ±0.50 ±0.50
9 燃料的热值(气和油) ±0.35 ±0.35
10 再热汽流量(根据热平衡计算) ±0.60 ±0.10
11 过热器出口汽温(经标定的测量装置) ±0.25 ±0.15
12 过热器出口汽压(经标定的测量装置) ±1.00 ±0.00
再热器进口和出口汽温(经标定的测量装
13 ±0.25 ±0.10
置)
再热器进口和出口汽压(经标定的测量装
14 ±0.50 ±0.00
置)
15 给水温度(经标定的测量装置) ±0.25 ±0.10
1 发热量(煤) ±0.50 ±0.30
Heat 2 发热量(气和油) ±0.35 ±0.02
3 奥氏仪分析 ±3.00 ±0.30
4 排烟温度(经标定的测量装置) ±0.50 ±0.02
Loss 5 进口空气温度(经标定的测量装置) ±0.50 ±0.00
Loss 6 煤的元素分析(碳) ±1.00 ±0.10
France 7 煤的元素分析(氢) ±1.00 ±0.10
8 燃料的水分 ±1.00 ±0.00
11试验报告
锅炉机组试验报告与试验目的、内容及特定的要求有关。对于锅炉验收或鉴定性
通常包括总报告及技术报告。
11.1试验总报告
试验总报告中应简要说明试验目的、主要数据与结论等，并由试验负责人签字，作
关各方验收的依据。锅炉验收试验总报告格式见表30。
表30
表30
____________________________________________________________________
锅炉验收试验总报告
试验编号___________________试验日期_________________至____________
电厂_______________________锅炉编号_________________________
申请试验单位______________负责试验单位______________________
一、锅炉规范
型号___________出厂年月____________制造厂_____________
额定蒸发量_______________t/h；最大连续蒸发量_____________________t/h；
主蒸汽压力____________MPa；再热蒸汽出口压力_________________MPa；
Page 51
主蒸汽温度_______________ ；再热蒸汽出口温度______________ ；
给水温度_______________ ；进风温度______________________ ；
燃烧方式_________________；热风温度_____________________ ；
制粉系统_________________；排烟温度_________________ ；
锅炉保证效率_______________________________________________________
二、燃料特性
Kind
燃料工业分析：Wy：__________；Vr：_________；Ay：__________；
燃料低位发热量Q vDW
：__________________________________________kJ/kg
三、试验项目
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.
6.
...
四、主要试验结果
热损失：q2：___________________；q3：___________________________；
4：_____________；q5：____________；q6：__________________
q
热损失法热效率：
实测效率η：_________________________________________________；
换算到保证条件下的效率η b：_________________________________；
最大连续蒸发量：______________________________________________t/h；
最低稳定燃烧负荷：___________________________________________t/h。
五、结论
1.
2.
3.
...
试验负责人：
Date
_______________________________________________________________________
11.2试验技术报告
试验技术报告是针对某项试验详细的技术性总结，通常包括：
a.试验目的。
b.锅炉设备的技术特性、燃料特性、运行情况及必要的简图。
Page 52
c.测试项目、方法与测点布置(必要时应附图)。
d.试验数据整理。煤粉锅炉设计和试验结果综合表见表31。
d.试验数据整理。煤粉锅炉设计和试验结果综合表见表31。
e.试验结果的分析与评价。
f.结论和建议。
g.测量技术及仪表的补充说明附件。
h.误差分析等其他附件。
表31
Name Said
试验工况序号 Symbol Units
试验日期
试验持续时间 τ h
一、燃料
燃料种类
应用基含碳量，% Cy
应用基含氢量，% Hy
应用基含硫量，% Sy
应用基含氮量，% Ny
应用基含氧量，% Oy
应用基水分，% Wy
应用基含灰量，% Ay
可燃基挥发分，% Vr
应用基低位发热量 QyDW KJ/kg
燃料灰分的熔融特性
开始变形温度 t1
开始软化温度 t2
开始熔融温度 t3
Fuel characteristic factor β --
煤的可磨度 KHG --
煤粉细度，% R45
R90
R200
R1000
Coefficient of uniformity characteristics of pulverized coal particle
n --
燃料温度 tr
2, water and steam
Boiler evaporation D t/h

主蒸汽温度 tgq
Page 53
主蒸汽压力 pgq MPa

给水流量 D gs t/h
Water Temperature tgs
Water Pressure pgs MPa
减温水流量 Djw kg / h
Ⅰ级过热器减温水流量 D jw·Ⅰ kg / h
Ⅱ级过热器减温水流量 D jw·Ⅱ kg / h
Ⅰ级再热器减温水流量 Dzj·Ⅰ kg / h
Ⅱ级再热器减温水流量 Dzj·Ⅱ kg / h
再热器减温水温度 tzj
再热器减温水压力 pzj MPa
Reheat steam flow Dzq t/h
Ⅰ级再热器进口蒸汽温度 t ' zq·Ⅰ
Ⅱ级再热器出口蒸汽温度 t ″ zq·Ⅱ
Ⅰ级再热器进口蒸汽压力 p ' zq·Ⅰ MPa
Ⅱ级再热器出口蒸汽压力 p ″ zq·Ⅱ MPa
锅筒蒸汽压力 pgt MPa
Sewage water flow D ps kg / h
吹灰蒸汽流量 Dch kg / h
省煤器进口水温 t ' sm
省煤器出口水温 t ″ sm
三、烟气
排烟烟气分析
氧含量，% (O2)py
三原子气体含量，% (RO2)py
一氧化碳含量，% (CO)py
氢含量，% (H2)py
甲烷含量，% (CH4)py
碳氢化合物含量，% (CmHn)py
Measured exhaust excess air coefficient α --
py
省煤器后烟气含氧量，% (O2)″SM
省煤器后实测过量空气系数 α″SM --
空气预热器前烟气含RO 2量，% (RO2) ' ky
空气预热器后烟气含RO 2量，% (RO2)″ ky
空气预热器漏风率，% AL
炉膛出口烟温左侧/右侧 θ " /θ " LT·2
LT·1
过热器出口烟温左侧/右侧 /θ " GR·2
θ " GR·1
Page 54
省煤器前烟温左侧/右侧 θ ' /θ ' sm·2

sm·1
省煤器后烟温 θ "
sm
排烟温度 θ
py
负压
炉膛负压 pV·LT Pa
过热器后负压 p ″ V·GR Pa
省煤器后负压 p ″ V·sm Pa
排烟负压 p ″ V·py Pa
阻力
过热器烟气侧阻力 ∆h Pa
过热器烟气侧阻力 ∆h
GR Pa
省煤器烟气侧阻力 ∆h
sm Pa
空气预热器烟气侧阻力 ∆h
ky Pa
烟道总阻力 Σ h
yD Pa
四、空气
送风机吸入空气温度(基准温度) to
预热器前空气温度 t ' ky
预热器后空气温度 t ″ ky
一次风温度 t1
进入空气预热器风量 VSF m3/ h
燃烧器前或总风箱内一次风静压 hs·1 Pa
燃烧器前或总风箱内二次风静压 hs·2 Pa
乏气燃烧器前乏气静压 hs·3 Pa
燃烧器一次风量 V1 m3/ h
燃烧器二次风量 V2 m3/ h
乏气风量 V3 m3/ h
燃烧器一次风速 w1 m/s
燃烧器二次风速 w2 m/s
燃烧器乏气风速 w3 m/s
五、灰、渣特性
炉渣中灰量占总灰量质量百分率，% α
lz
飞灰中灰量占总灰量质量百分率，% α
fh
沉降灰中灰量占总灰量质量百分率，% cjh
漏煤中灰量占总灰量质量百分率，% α
lm
炉渣可燃物含量，% c
C lz
飞灰可燃物含量，% Ccfh
沉降灰可燃物含量，% Cccjh
漏煤可燃物含量，% Cclm
Page 55
Page 55
Slag Temperature tlz

Ash deposition temperature tcjh
六、热平衡与炉膛热强度
排烟热损失百分率，% q2
可燃气体未完全燃烧热损失百分率，% q3
固体未完全燃烧热损失百分率，% q4
锅炉散热损失百分率，% q5
灰渣物理热损失百分率，% q6
锅炉热效率(毛效率)，% η
换算到担保值条件下的热效率，% η b
锅炉每小时燃料耗量 B kg / h
炉膛容积热负荷 qV MJ/(m3・h)
炉膛截面热负荷 qf MJ/(m2・h)
七、锅炉辅机消耗功率
制粉系统
磨煤机 PMM KW
给煤机 PGM KW
排粉机(或一次风机) PPF KW
密封风机 PMF KW
捞渣机消耗功率 PLZ KW
送风机消耗功率 PSF KW
引风机消耗功率 PyF KW
炉水循环水泵消耗功率 Pss KW
其他辅机消耗功率 Pj KW
锅炉辅机消耗总功率 Σ P KW
八、锅炉净效率
电厂发电标准煤耗 b kg / (kW · h)
锅炉自用热耗 Qzy kJ / kg
The net efficiency of the boiler η %
j

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The People's Republic of China national standard boiler performance test procedures GB10184 - ...

The People's Republic of China National Standard

The People's Republic of China Machinery and Electronic Industry 1988-11-08

GB2565 coal grindability test method

Tgs Measured water temperature ,K

3, fuel and ash

cr Specific heat of solid fuels kJ / (kg · K)

Qgy2 Dry flue gas heat away kJ / kg, kJ / m

cp··Co The average carbon monoxide gas constant pressure specific 3· K)

The sum of the heat loss

Figure 1 boiler unit heat balance system boundary diagram

Figure 2 boiler unit heat balance

4.2.9 not to measure a given heat loss, simplified thermal

Heat loss method More than one furnace≥ 4 --

Other volume sampling (such as ash, fuel,

e. test time and data;

Ice bottle as a base point

Like streams (such as spray desuperheater later) a certain distance.

Demand, you do not need calib

()D[() ()]h ''- ' h

On air: ρ = 1.293kg / 3m;

Where: p act- Measured in situ at atmospheric pressure, Pa;

H - Air duct static pressure, Pa.

Weighing tank Record at least twice each working condition

Test Objective Determination of Composition Sampling location

Carbon Steel (keeping in Fluorine resin o

± (0.5% ~ 3%) Poor) Most of the power plant alkaline w

Application-based 1 100 --W f 100 100

Dry base 100 -- W y 100 -- W f 100

Calorific value of fuel, such as type of conversion formula (11):

Calorific value of fuel, such as type of conversion formula (11):

Where: Q y - Gaseous fuel calorific value, kJ / m3;

( Q y ) - The application of a fuel-based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ

Q y - Application of hybrid fuel-based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ3./ m

DM- Fuel Applications based low heat, kJ / kg, kJ; / m

Q - The fuel of physical sensible heat, kJ

Where: Q rx- The fuel of physical sensible heat, kJ

c - Fuel specific heat, see Appendix D (Supplement), kJ / (kg ·3·K),

= 335 100 --W y

Where: c r.yo- Fuel specific heat, kJ / (kg · K);

Where: c rq - Gas heat, kJ / (m 3· K).

6.2.1.2 external heat source heated air into the heat

Q = VSF[ ct'' -- ()]

Q - External heat source heated air into the heat, kJ /3;kg, kJ / m

t ' - Air preheater inlet air temperature, ;

6.2.1.3 fuel atomization steam into the heat of

Where: Q wh- Spray steam into the heat, kJ / kg, kJ / 3m

h - Main steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;

h - Water enthalpy, kJ / kg;

D - Reheater by warm water flow rate, kg / h;

zj- Reheater by warm water flow rate, kg / h;

h - Warm water reheater by enthalpy, kJ / kg;

D - Out of the amount of saturated steam, kg / h;

h , h bq- Respectively, saturated water and saturated steam enthalpy, kJ / kg;

D - Sewage water flow, kg / h.

6.3.1.1 Dry heat from flue gas away

Where: Q 2gy- Dry flue gas heat away, kJ / kg, kJ / m3;

V - Per kg (standard cubic meters) of dry flue gas genera

()V oc - By application of the base fuel components, by the actual burning ou

Where: Vo - Application-based fuel composition according to the calculation

α - Measured exhaust excess air coefficient, according to equation (47) calculated

The heat loss from the exhaust of the products of incomplete

6.3.4 heat loss

蒸汽清洗装置前乳头式取样 °～5°，以利于湿分的疏出。