TEACHING PLAN

Biographic Data

LEARNING LEARNING CONTENTS STRATEGIES RESOURCE DATE / TIME / EVALUATION

OBJECTIVES S VENUE
1. After 5 The lungs are a pair of breathing organs Cognitive: Internet Date: 1. After5
minutes of located with the chest which remove carbon  Lecture source  August minutes of
discussion dioxide from and bring oxygen to the blood.  Discussio information 11, 2008 discussio
the class There is a right and left lung. n about: n, was the
(Grade VI –  Time: class
Charity) will Source: Affective: Human  8:10 (Grade VI
be able to http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp  Listening lungs o’clock – Charity)
understand ?articlekey=4209  morning able to
the uses of Asthm understan
the human Uses of the Lungs a Venue: d the uses
lungs.   Room of the
1. Allows human to breath. Tuberc 301, human
2. Allows human to talk to your friend. ulosis F.Benitez lungs?
3. Allows human to shout at game,  Elementar
laugh, sing and cry. Smoki y School, YES _____
4. Your lungs even work with your brain ng Tondo NO ______
to help you inhale and exhale a larger (powerpoint Manila WHY?
amount of air at a more rapid rate presentation)
when you're running a mile.
Time and
Source: effort of the
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/lungs.html nurse and
client. 2. After5
minutes of
2. After 5 Keeping your lungs looking and feeling discussio
minutes of healthy is a smart idea, and the best way to n, was the
discussion keep your lungs pink and healthy is not to class
the class smoke. (Grade VI
(Grade VI – – Charity)
Charity) will Source: able to
be able to http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/lungs.html know how
know how to take
to take care care to
to their their
lungs. lungs.

YES _____
NO ______
WHY?

3. After5
minutes of
discussio
3. After 5 Diseases of the human lung belong to n, was the
minutes of respiratory diseases. The following is a list of class
discussion important medical conditions involving the (Grade VI
the class lung. Many of these are caused or worsened – Charity)
(Grade VI – by smoking. able to
Charity) will understan
be able to • Lung cancer d the
understand • Emphysema is an enlargement of the possible
the possible air spaces in the lung, making it hard lung
lung to breathe. diseases.
diseases. • Asthma is an immunological disease
which causes the bronchioles to YES _____
narrow by inflammation and spasm of NO ______
the lining of the airway wall. WHY?
• Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease
which causes the lung to produce
abnormally viscous mucus.
• A pulmonary embolism occurs when a
blood clot obstructs an artery leading
to the lung.
• Tuberculosis is a transmittable
bacterial infection of the lung, the
most common infectious disease
 today.
• Pneumonia is an infection of the lung,
caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
• Pneumoconiosis, an occupational lung
disease caused by the inhalation of
dust.
• Bronchitis is an inflammation of the
bronchi.
• A collapsed lung (pneumothorax) can
occur when one or both walls of the
pleural cavity are penetrated by injury,
allowing air to enter.
• In pulmonary edema fluid from the
capillaries enters the alveoli. This can
be caused by weakness of the left
side of the heart (resulting in a blood
holdup in the lung), altitude sickness,
or rarely inhaling toxic gases.
• Lung pinprick condition is a hereditary
disease which results in decreased
lung capacity and occasional
shortness of breath.

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_lung
4. After5
minutes of
discussio
4. After 5 Smoking isn't good for any part of your n, was the
minutes of body, and your lungs especially hate it. class
discussion Cigarette smoke damages the cilia in the (Grade VI
the class trachea so they can no longer move to keep – Charity)
(Grade VI – dirt and other substances out of the lungs. able to
Charity) will Your alveoli get hurt too, because the understan
be able to chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause the d the
understand walls of the delicate alveoli to break down, nature of
the nature smoking.
of smoking.
 YES _____
making it much harder to breathe. NO ______
WHY?
Finally, cigarette smoke can damage the
cells of the lungs so much that the healthy
cells go away, only to be replaced by cancer
cells. Lungs are normally tough and strong,
but when it comes to cigarettes, they can be
hurt easily — and it's often very difficult or
impossible to make them better. If you need
to work with chemicals in an art or shop
class, be sure to wear a protective mask to
keep chemical fumes from entering your
lungs.

Source:
http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/lungs.html

Smoking is one of the worst things kids or

adults can do to their bodies. Yet every
single day about 4,000 kids between the
ages 12 and 17 start smoking. Most middle
school students don't smoke — only about 1
in 10 does. And most high school students
don't smoke either — about 1 in 4 does (that
means 3 out of 4 don't).

But why do those who smoke ever begin?

There's more than just one simple answer.

Some kids may start smoking just because
they're curious. Others may like the idea of
doing something dangerous — something
grownups don't want them to do. Still others
might know lots of people who smoke and
they might think it's a way to act or look like
an adult. Fortunately, fewer people are
starting smoking than a few years ago.

Maybe that's because more and more people

have learned that smoking and tobacco use
can cause cancer and heart disease. But
sometimes kids can't really think that far into
the future to worry about an illness they
might not get for many years.

So let's talk about the problems that might

affect kids more quickly:

• bad breath
• yellow teeth
• smelly clothes
• more colds and coughs
• difficulty keeping up with friends when
playing sports
• empty wallet — cigarettes and
tobacco products are very expensive!

What Are Smoking and Smokeless

Tobacco?

Tobacco (say: tuh-ba-ko) is a plant that can

be smoked in cigarettes, pipes, or cigars. It's
the same plant that's in smokeless tobacco,
known as dip, chew, snuff, spit, or chewing
tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is not lit or
inhaled like tobacco in cigarettes, pipes, and
cigars. Instead, smokeless tobacco is put
between the lip and gum and sucked on
inside the mouth.

Tobacco contains nicotine (say: nih-kuh-

teen), a chemical

that causes a tingly or pleasant feeling — but

that feeling only lasts for a little while.
Nicotine is also addictive (say: uh-dik-tiv).
That means that if you start to use nicotine,
your body and mind will become so used to it
that you'll need to have it just to feel OK.

Anyone who starts smoking could become

addicted to it. If you're addicted to something,
it's very hard to stop doing it, even if you
want to. Some kids get addicted right away.
And adults are often addicted, which is why
so many of them have a hard time quitting
smoking.

Why Is It So Bad for You?

Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco kill

hundreds of thousands of Americans every
year. You know those rubber bracelets that
were created to bring attention to different
causes? The Campaign for Tobacco-Free
Kids created a red one with the number
1,200 on it. Why 1,200? That's the number of
people who die each day due to smoking.

The nicotine and other poisonous chemicals

in tobacco cause lots of diseases, like heart
problems and some kinds of cancer. If you
smoke, you hurt your lungs and heart each
time you light up. It also can make it more
difficult for blood to move around in the body,
so smokers may feel tired and cranky. The
longer you smoke, the worse the damage
 becomes.

Source:
http://kidshealth.org/kid/watch/house/smokin
g.html 5. After3
minutes of
discussio
n, was the
class
5. After 3 (Grade VI
minutes of WHAT IS TB? – Charity)
discussion able to
the class Tuberculosis (often called TB) is an understan
(Grade VI – infectious disease that usually attacks the d the
Charity) will lungs, but can attack almost any part of the nature of
be able to body. Tuberculosis is spread from person to tuberculos
understand person through the air. is.
the nature
of When people with TB in their lungs or throat YES _____
tuberculosis cough, laugh, sneeze, sing, or even talk, the NO ______
. germs that cause TB may spread throughout WHY?
the air. If another person breathes in these
germs there is a chance that they will
become infected with tuberculosis.
Repeated contact is usually required for
infection.

It is important to understand that there is a

difference between being infected with TB
and having TB disease. Someone who is
infected with TB has the TB germs, or
bacteria, in their body. The body's defenses
are protecting them from the germs and they
are not sick. This is referred to as latent TBI.

Someone with TB disease is sick and can

spread the disease to other people. A person
with TB disease needs to see a doctor as
soon as possible. This is referred to as active
TBII.

It is not easy to become infected with

tuberculosis. Usually a person has to be
close to someone with TB disease for a long
period of time. TB is usually spread between
family members, close friends, and people
who work or live together. TB is spread most
easily in closed spaces over a long period of
time. However, transmission in an airplane,
although rare, has been documented.

Even if someone becomes infected with

tuberculosis, that does not mean they will get
TB disease. Most people who become
infected do not develop TB disease because
their body's defenses protect them. Most
active cases of TB disease result from
activating old infection in people with
impaired immune systems.

Someone in the world is newly infected with

TB bacilli every second and one-third of the
world’s population is currently infected with
TB.1 Only about 10 percent of these people
will develop TB disease in their lifetime. The
other 90 percent will never get sick from the
TB germs or be able to spread them to other
people.2

TB is an increasing and major world wide

problem, especially in Africa where the
spread has been facilitated by AIDS. It is
estimated that nearly 1 billion people will
become newly infected, over 150 million will
become sick, and 36 million will die
worldwide between now and 2020 – if control
is not strengthened further. Each year there
are more than 8.8 million cases and close to
1.6 million deaths attributed to TB.3

WHO GETS IT?

Anyone can get TB. However, some groups

are at higher risk to get active TB disease.
The groups that are at high risk include:

• People with HIV infection (the AIDS

virus)
• People in close contact with those
known to be infectious with TB
• People with medical conditions that
make the body less able to protect
itself from disease (for example:
diabetes, the dust disease silicosis, or
people undergoing treatment with
drugs that can suppress the immune
system, such as long-term use of
corticosteroids)
• Foreign-born people from countries
with high TB rates
• People who work in or are residents of
long-term care facilities (nursing
homes, prisons, some hospitals)
• Health care workers and others such
as prison guards
• People who are malnourished
• Alcoholics, IV drug users and people
who are homeless
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF TB?

A person with TB infection will have no

symptoms. A person with active TB disease
may have any, all or none of the following
symptoms:

• A persistent cough
• Constant fatigue
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Fever
• Coughing up blood
• Night sweats

These symptoms can also occur with other

diseases so it is important to see a doctor
and to let the doctor determine if you have
TB.

It is also important to remember that a

person with TB disease may feel perfectly
healthy or may only have a cough from time
to time. If you think you have been exposed
to TB, get a TB skin test.

HOW DOES TB DISEASE DEVELOP?

There are two possible ways a person can

become sick with TB disease:

The first applies to a person who may have

been infected with TB for years and has
been perfectly healthy. The time may come
when this person suffers a change in health.
The cause of this change may be due to a
 variety of reasons such as another disease
like AIDS or diabetes, drug or alcohol abuse,
lack of access to health care and
homelessness.

Whatever the cause may be, when the

body's ability to protect itself is compromised,
TB infection can become active TB disease.
In this way, a person may become sick with
TB disease months or even years after they
first breathed in the TB germs.

The other way TB disease develops happens

much more quickly. Sometimes when a
person first breathes in the TB germs the 6. After3
body is unable to protect itself against the minutes of
disease. The germs then develop into active discussio
TB disease within weeks. n, was the
class
Source: (Grade VI
6. After 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_lung – Charity)
minutes of able to
discussion understan
the class d the
(Grade VI – Asthma (say: az-muh) is a condition that nature of
Charity) will affects a person's airways, which are also asthma.
be able to called breathing tubes or bronchial (say:
understand brong-kee-ul) tubes. These tubes lead from
the nature the windpipe, or trachea (say: tray-kee-uh), YES _____
of asthma. into the lungs. For most kids, breathing is NO ______
simple: They breathe in through their noses WHY?
or mouths and the air goes into the windpipe.
From there, it travels through the airways
and into the lungs. But for kids with asthma,
breathing can be a lot more difficult because
their airways are very sensitive.

An asthma flare-up, which some people call

an asthma attack or episode, happens when
a person's airways get swollen and narrower
and it becomes a lot harder for air to get in
and out of the lungs. Sometimes the swollen
airways produce extra mucus, which makes
things pretty sticky, so it's easy to see why
it's hard to breathe.

In between flare-ups, a kid's breathing can

be totally normal or seem that way. But
during a flare-up, it can feel like the person is
breathing through a straw. A kid with asthma
may wheeze (a whistling sound when he or
she breathes), cough, and feel tightness in
the chest. An asthma flare-up can get worse
and worse if a kid doesn't use asthma
medicine. After an asthma flare-up, the
airways almost always return to the way they
were before, although it can take several
days.

Who Gets Asthma?

Asthma is more common than you might

think. As many as 6 million kids in the United
States have it. Asthma affects about one or
two kids out of 10. That means if you have
20 kids in your class, two to four of them
might have asthma. Asthma can start at any
age - even in a little baby or an adult - but it's
most common in school-age kids.

No one really knows why one person's

airways are more sensitive than another
person's, but we do know that asthma runs in
families. That means if a kid has asthma, he
or she may also have a parent, sibling, uncle,
or other relative who has asthma or had it as
a child.

Asthma flare-ups may sound a little like a

cold, with coughing and wheezing, but
asthma isn't contagious. You can't catch it
from someone like you can catch a cold.

What Causes an Asthma Flare-Up?

Different kids have different triggers - things

that set off asthma flare-ups. There are a lot
of triggers. Some kids are sensitive to
allergens (say: ah-lur-jenz), substances that
cause allergic reactions in the airways.
Common allergens for kids with asthma
include dust mites (tiny bugs that live in
dust), mold (if you've ever been in a damp
basement and smelled something funny, it
was probably mold), and pollen (from trees,
grass, and weeds).

A lot of kids have asthma flare-ups when

they are near furry animals. Cats and dogs
both have what's called animal dander in
their fur. This is sort of like dandruff, and it's
a trigger that can cause a powerful reaction
in the airways.

Some substances can trigger flare-ups

because they really irritate the airways.
These include perfume, chalk dust, and
cigarette smoke. Smoking is always a bad
idea, especially around someone who has
asthma.

Sometimes an infection can be a trigger and

set off an asthma flare-up. If a kid comes
down with a cold or the flu, his or her airways
may become more sensitive than usual. In
some kids, cold air itself can cause an
asthma flare-up, and so can exercise. In fact,
some kids have what's called exercise-
induced asthma. This means they have
breathing problems only when they exercise.

How Is Asthma Treated?

Kids who have asthma should try to avoid

things that can cause their airways to tighten.
But some triggers - like cats, colds, and chalk
dust - can't always be avoided. That's why
kids who are sensitive to those things must
manage their asthma by taking medication.

Not every kid's asthma is the same, so there

are different medicines for treating it. It's not
like curing a sore throat or an earache, when
everybody gets the same medicine. Instead,
the doctor will think about what causes the
asthma flare-ups, how fast the flare-ups
happen, and how serious they are. Then he
or she will decide on the best kind of
treatment.

Some kids need to take asthma medication

only once in a while, when they have a flare-
up. This is called rescue medicine because it
works fast to open the airways, so the person
can breathe. Other kids may need to take
controller medicine every day. Controller
medicine works to keep flare-ups from
happening.

A kid who knows in advance that he or she

will be around allergens or other triggers may
need to take medication ahead of time that
will keep the airways open. And kids who
have exercise-induced asthma can take
medication before exercising so they'll be
able to finish all their laps around the track.
Whatever their triggers are, kids who have
asthma can use a peak flow meter to get an
idea of how well they are breathing that day
and whether they need to take any medicine.

Asthma medicine often is taken through an

inhaler (say: in-hay-lur). An inhaler is a
plastic tube that holds a container of
medicine. You may have seen a friend or
someone in school using an inhaler, which is
held up to the mouth. A kid holds the inhaler
up to his or her mouth and breathes in. The
medicine comes out in a mist that goes into
the lungs. The medicine in the mist relaxes
the airways, so the person can breathe
easier.