Introduction to Logic (EDI 2601 )

Universals
(al-kulliy al-khamsah)

Members of group:
Najihah Abdullah (0730894)
Nafisah Ismail (0736014)
Nik Afra‟ Nik Mohd Azam (0730184)
Nor Aini Abdullah (0739018)
Norhidayati Jabir (0739078)

Lecturer: Dr Suhailah Hussien

 Genus Species
(Al-Jins) (Al-Nau‟)

Universals
Differentia
(Al-Kulliyyat (Al-Fasl)
Al-Khamsah)

Common
Accident Property
(Al-‟Arad (Al-Khassah)
„Am)
 Genus is describe as a universal predicated
of things having different realities, in
answer to the question “What is it?”

 Refers to a general name that constitutes

the reality and species but in different
reality.
 Eg: Transport.

 Transport can be defined in assorted

meaning and different reality.
 Eg: Train and Aeroplane.
 Transport is a Kulli al-Jins that have variety
sort.
 Eg: Aeroplane : on the sky, fly
Train : on the land.

 Al-Jins is a part of the reality of lower

object.
 Eg: Reality of animal (Human).
 Divison of Al-Jins

Al-Jins al- Al- Jins al- Al-Jins al-

‟Ali Mutawassit Safil
 Known as Jins Ba‟id and it is a higher level
that constitute other genus under this level.
 Eg: Jauhar (‫)الجوهر‬. It is a essential of
something.
 There have another genus under this level.
 Eg: Quantity and animal.
 Refers to middle level.
 Eg: )‫(الجسم‬Al-Jism
 Refers to the lowest level that constitute
species under this level.
 Eg: Animal and it species such as man, cow,
cat, and other.
Lower
Middle Highest
 Species is described in one or two senses:
First: as a universal predicated of things not
differing, except numerically, in answer to
the question, “What is it?”

Second: describes as a universal of which

the genus is predicated as well as of other
things, in an essential and primary manner.
 Refer to general name that constitute the
similarities of reality.
 Eg: Liana, Mariam, Ahmad.

 The reality of man is similar, refer to the

ability of thinking and speaking. (haiwan
an-natiq)
Divison of Al-Naw‟

Al- Naw‟
Al-Naw‟ Al-Naw‟
al-
al-‟Ali al- Safil
Mutawassit
 It is a highest level in this division. It is also
can be refer as a middle level of al-Jins
(Genus).
 Eg: )‫(الجسم‬Al-Jism
 It is a middle of species and genus.
 Eg: )‫(الجسم الحي‬
 It is a lowest level of species and genus.
 Eg: Human
 Difference is described as a universal

predicated of a thing, in answer the question

“Which thing is it in its substance?”
 Eg: Think )‫(الناطق‬. The differences between
human being and animal is rational.
Divison of Al-Fasl‟

Al-Fasl Al-Fasl
al- Qarib al-Ba‟id
Al-Fasl al-Qarib

 Refers to the species that have their own

characteristic.
 It can also be defined as a concept that
differentiate a species with other species.
 Eg: Al-Natiq refer to human, and Senses for
animal.
Al-Fasl al-Ba‟id

 Refers to the concept of far.

 Eg: Senses for human.
 Property is described as in a non essential
manner, of that which falls under one
reality only.
 Eg: Laughing )‫(الضاحك‬
 Common Accident is described as a universal,
state in a non essential manner of that which falls
under one reality and of others.
 Eg: Breathing (Man, Animal, Plant)