HUAWEI BTS3012 Base Station Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle

HUAWEI BTS3012 Base Station
Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle Contents
Contents
1 System Architecture...................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Hardware Architecture .....................................................................................................................................1-2
1.1.1 Composition ............................................................................................................................................1-2
1.1.2 Cabinet ....................................................................................................................................................1-3
1.1.3 Antenna Subsystem.................................................................................................................................1-6
1.1.4 O&M Subsystem.....................................................................................................................................1-7
1.2 Software Architecture.......................................................................................................................................1-7
1.2.1 Composition ............................................................................................................................................1-7
1.2.2 Signaling Processing Software ...............................................................................................................1-8
1.2.3 Baseband Signal Processing Software....................................................................................................1-8
1.2.4 O&M and Transmission Device Control Software ................................................................................1-9
1.3 Logical Architecture .........................................................................................................................................1-9
1.3.1 Composition ............................................................................................................................................1-9
1.3.2 Common Subsystem .............................................................................................................................1-10
1.3.3 DTRU Subsystem ................................................................................................................................. 1-11
1.3.4 DAFU Subsystem ................................................................................................................................. 1-11
1.3.5 Antenna Subsystem............................................................................................................................... 1-11
1.4 Bus Structure ..................................................................................................................................................1-12
2 Common Subsystem..................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Composition......................................................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.1 BTS Common Subsystem.......................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2 Cabinet Top Access Subsystem ..............................................................................................................2-3
2.2 Functions...........................................................................................................................................................2-3
2.3 DTMU...............................................................................................................................................................2-4
2.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................2-4
2.3.2 Working Environment.............................................................................................................................2-5
2.3.3 Functions and Principles.........................................................................................................................2-5
2.4 DCCU ...............................................................................................................................................................2-7
2.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................2-7
2.5 DCSU................................................................................................................................................................2-8
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Contents Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
2.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................2-8

2.6 DEMU.............................................................................................................................................................2-10
2.6.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................2-10
2.6.2 Working Environment...........................................................................................................................2-10
2.6.3 Functions and Principles.......................................................................................................................2-10
2.7 DATU.............................................................................................................................................................. 2-11
2.7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.8 DCMB.............................................................................................................................................................2-13
2.8.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................2-13
2.9 DELC ..............................................................................................................................................................2-13
2.9.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................2-13
2.10 DMLC...........................................................................................................................................................2-14
2.10.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................2-14
2.10.2 Working Environment.........................................................................................................................2-15
2.10.3 Functions and Principles.....................................................................................................................2-15
2.11 DSAC............................................................................................................................................................2-16
2.11.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................2-16
2.11.2 Working Environment .........................................................................................................................2-16
2.11.3 Functions and Principles .....................................................................................................................2-16
2.12 DCTB............................................................................................................................................................2-17
2.12.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................2-17
2.12.2 Working Environment.........................................................................................................................2-17
2.12.3 Functions and Principles.....................................................................................................................2-17
3 DTRU Subsystem.......................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Components ......................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.2 Functions...........................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.3 DTRU ...............................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................3-3
3.4 DTRB................................................................................................................................................................3-5
3.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................3-5
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Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle Contents
4 DAFU Subsystem.......................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Components ......................................................................................................................................................4-2
4.2 Functions...........................................................................................................................................................4-3
4.3 DDPU ...............................................................................................................................................................4-4
4.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................4-4
4.4 DCOM ..............................................................................................................................................................4-6
4.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................4-6
4.5 DFCU................................................................................................................................................................4-7
4.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................4-7
5 Antenna Subsystem...................................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Components ......................................................................................................................................................5-2
5.2 Antenna .............................................................................................................................................................5-3
5.2.1 Working Principles..................................................................................................................................5-3
5.2.2 Types........................................................................................................................................................5-4
5.2.3 Specifications ..........................................................................................................................................5-5
5.2.4 Functional Principles of the RET System ..............................................................................................5-8
5.2.5 Diversity ..................................................................................................................................................5-9
5.3 Feeder................................................................................................................................................................5-9
5.4 TMA................................................................................................................................................................5-10
5.4.1 Features .................................................................................................................................................5-10
5.4.2 Working Principles................................................................................................................................5-10
6 O&M Subsystem ........................................................................................................................6-1

6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................6-2
6.2 Hardware Structure...........................................................................................................................................6-2
6.3 Software Structure ............................................................................................................................................6-3
6.4 Functions...........................................................................................................................................................6-3
7 System Signal Flow ...................................................................................................................7-1

7.1 DL Signal Flow.................................................................................................................................................7-2
7.2 UL Signal Flow.................................................................................................................................................7-3
7.3 Signaling Processing Flow ...............................................................................................................................7-4
7.4 Clock Signal Flow ............................................................................................................................................7-4
7.5 Combined Cabinet Signal Flow .......................................................................................................................7-5
8 Configuration and Networking...............................................................................................8-1
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Contents Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
8.1 Configuration of the BTS3012.........................................................................................................................8-2

8.1.1 Configuration Principles .........................................................................................................................8-2
8.1.2 Configuration Features............................................................................................................................8-2
8.1.3 System Capacity......................................................................................................................................8-3
8.2 Board Configuration.........................................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.1 DTRU ......................................................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.2 DAFU ......................................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3 DTMU .....................................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.4 DCCU......................................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.5 DCSU ......................................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.6 DEMU .....................................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.7 DATU ......................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.8 NFCB ......................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.9 DMLC .....................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.10 DELC ....................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.11 DSAC ....................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.3 Typical Configuration.......................................................................................................................................8-5
8.3.1 S4/4/4 ......................................................................................................................................................8-5
8.3.2 O6 ............................................................................................................................................................8-7
8.4 Networking Types.............................................................................................................................................8-9
8.4.1 Transmission Mode.................................................................................................................................8-9
8.4.2 Networking Modes..................................................................................................................................8-9
8.4.3 Principles of Networking ........................................................................................................................8-9
8.4.4 Star Networking ......................................................................................................................................8-9
8.4.5 Chain Networking .................................................................................................................................8-10
8.4.6 Tree Networking ................................................................................................................................... 8-11
8.4.7 Ring Networking...................................................................................................................................8-12
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Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Composition of the BTS3012 system .................................................................................................1-2

Figure 1-2 BTS3012 cabinet in full configuration................................................................................................1-4
Figure 1-3 Software architecture...........................................................................................................................1-8
Figure 1-4 Logical architecture of the BTS3012 ................................................................................................1-10
Figure 2-1 Boards in the BTS3012 common subsystem ......................................................................................2-2
Figure 2-2 Boards in the BTS3012 cabinet top access subsystem .......................................................................2-3
Figure 2-3 DTMU working environment..............................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-4 DTMU structure...................................................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-5 DCCU working environment ..............................................................................................................2-7
Figure 2-6 DCCU structure ...................................................................................................................................2-8
Figure 2-7 DCSU working environment...............................................................................................................2-9
Figure 2-8 DCSU structure....................................................................................................................................2-9
Figure 2-9 DEMU working environment............................................................................................................2-10
Figure 2-10 DEMU structure............................................................................................................................... 2-11
Figure 2-11 DATU working environment ...........................................................................................................2-12
Figure 2-12 DATU structure................................................................................................................................2-12

Figure 2-13 DCMB working environment..........................................................................................................2-13
Figure 2-14 DELC working environment ...........................................................................................................2-14
Figure 2-15 DELC structure................................................................................................................................2-14

Figure 2-16 DMLC working environment..........................................................................................................2-15
Figure 2-17 DMLC structure...............................................................................................................................2-15
Figure 2-18 DSAC working environment...........................................................................................................2-16
Figure 2-19 DSAC structure................................................................................................................................2-16
Figure 2-20 DCTB working environment...........................................................................................................2-17
Figure 2-21 DCTB structure................................................................................................................................2-17
Figure 3-1 DTRU subsystem under full configuration.........................................................................................3-2
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Figures Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
Figure 3-2 DTRU working environment...............................................................................................................3-3

Figure 3-3 Function structure of the DTRU..........................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-4 DTRB working environment...............................................................................................................3-5
Figure 3-5 Functional structure of the DTRB.......................................................................................................3-6
Figure 4-1 DAFU subsystem in full configuration ...............................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-2 Logical location of the DAFU subsystem...........................................................................................4-3
Figure 4-3 DDPU working environment...............................................................................................................4-4
Figure 4-4 Functional structure of the DDPU.......................................................................................................4-5

Figure 4-5 DCOM working environment .............................................................................................................4-6
Figure 4-6 Functional structure of the DCOM......................................................................................................4-6
Figure 4-7 DFCU working environment...............................................................................................................4-7
Figure 4-8 Functional structure of the DFCU.......................................................................................................4-8
Figure 5-1 Antenna subsystem ..............................................................................................................................5-2
Figure 5-2 Antenna composition ...........................................................................................................................5-3
Figure 5-3 Types of antenna ..................................................................................................................................5-5
Figure 5-4 Horizontal radiation pattern.................................................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-5 Vertical radiation pattern .....................................................................................................................5-7
Figure 5-6 Functional structure of the RET ..........................................................................................................5-9
Figure 5-7 Functional structure of the TMA.......................................................................................................5-10
Figure 6-1 Hardware structure of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem.......................................................................6-2
Figure 6-2 Software structure of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem ........................................................................6-3
Figure 7-1 DL signal flow .....................................................................................................................................7-2
Figure 7-2 UL signal flow .....................................................................................................................................7-3

Figure 7-3 Signaling processing flow ...................................................................................................................7-4
Figure 7-4 Clock signal flow.................................................................................................................................7-4
Figure 7-5 Combined cabinet signal flow.............................................................................................................7-5

Figure 8-1 Cabinet configuration in an S4/4/4 site...............................................................................................8-6
Figure 8-2 O6 cabinet configuration .....................................................................................................................8-8
Figure 8-3 Star networking..................................................................................................................................8-10
Figure 8-4 Chain networking...............................................................................................................................8-10
Figure 8-5 Tree networking ................................................................................................................................. 8-11
Figure 8-6 Ring networking ................................................................................................................................8-12
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Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 Mapping between the boards and the slot numbers in the common subsystem ..................................2-2
Table 2-2 Mapping between the boards and the slot numbers in the cabinet top access subsystem ...................2-3
Table 6-1 Functions of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem ........................................................................................6-3
Table 8-1 Configuration principles........................................................................................................................8-2
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Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 1 System Architecture
1 System Architecture
About This Chapter
The following table lists the contents of this chapter.
Section Describes
1.1 Hardware Architecture Describes the architecture of the BTS3012 hardware.

1.2 Software Architecture Describes the architecture of the BTS3012 software.
1.3 Logical Architecture Describes the logical architecture of the BTS3012
including its compositions and the subsystems.
1.4 Bus Structure Describes four types of buses in the BTS3012.
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1 System Architecture Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
1.1 Hardware Architecture

This section describes the BTS3012 hardware architecture.
It has the following sections:
z Composition
z Cabinet
1.1.1 Composition
Figure 1-1 shows the BTS3012 system and its relation with other relevant devices, such as the
Base Station Controller (BSC) and the Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC).
Figure 1-1 Composition of the BTS3012 system
Um
Antenna subsystem
MS
BSC
BTS3012 Abis
cabinet
MMI
Environment
monitoring equipment
Site maintenance Remote site
terminal system maintenance system
BTS3012 system
The BTS3012 system consists of the following parts:

z BTS3012 cabinet
z Antenna subsystem
z O&M subsystem
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1.1.2 Cabinet
The BTS3012 cabinet is the core of the BTS system. It has the following subracks:
z DAFU subrack
z DTRU subrack
z FAN subrack
z Common subrack
z Cabinet top subrack
The BTS3012 cabinet also has a BBU/transmission unit.
The DFCU has the same functions as the DDPU and the DCOM, so you can choose either of
the following schemes for the DAFU subrack of the BTS3012:
z DDPU and DCOM
z DFCU
Part (A) in Figure 1-2 shows the single cabinet in full configuration when the BTS3012 is
configured with the DDPU and the DCOM. Part (B) in Figure 1-2 shows the single cabinet in
full configuration when the BTS3012 is configured with the DFCU.

Figure 1-2 BTS3012 cabinet in full configuration
D D D D D D D D
M E E S Power M E E S Power
L L L A and EMC L L L A and EMC
C C C C C C C C
D D D D D D
D D D F F F
P P P C C C
U U U U U U
Wiring Wiring
D D D D D D D D D D D D
T T T T T T T T T T T T
R R R R R R R R R R R R
U U U U U U U U U U U U
Wiring Wiring
FAN FAN
Air Inlet Air Inlet
D D D DD D D D D DD D
T T E CC A T T E CC A
M M M SC T M M M SC T
U U U UU U U U U UU U
Wiring & Air Inlet Wiring & Air Inlet

Transmission Unit Transmission Unit
(A) (B)
DSAC: Signal Access Card for DTRU BTS

DELC: E1 Signal Lightning-Protection Card for DTRU BTS
DMLC: Monitor Signal Lightning-Protection Card for DTRU BTS
DCOM: Combining Unit for DTRU BTS
DDPU: Dual-Duplexer Unit for DTRU BTS
DFCU: Filter Combiner Unit for DTRU BTS
DTRU: Double-Transceiver Unit
FAN (NFCB): NodeB Fan Controlling and Monitoring Board
DTMU: Transmission Timing & Management Unit for DTRU BTS
DEMU: Environment Monitoring Unit for DTRU BTS
DATU: Antenna and TMA Control Unit for DTRU BTS
DCSU: Combined Cabinet Signal Connection Unit for DTRU BTS
DCCU: Cable Connection Unit for DTRU BTS

z As shown in part (A) of Figure 1-2, the DAFU subrack can be configured with DCOMs according to
the actual situation.
z At present, the DFCU supports only the EGSM 900 M band. The DFCU is used only when the
configuration is S4/4/4 or higher.
DAFU Subrack
You can choose the DDPU or DFCU for the DAFU subrack. The DDPU and the DFCU can
be placed in each other's slots.
z If the DAFU subrack is configured with only the DDPUs, the number of DDPUs in full
configuration is generally three. The DCOMs are used only when the cell is configured
with more than four carriers. If no DCOMs are used, a maximum of six DDPUs can be
configured.
z If the DAFU subrack is configured with only the DFCUs, the number of DFCUs in full
configuration is generally three.
The interfaces of the DDPUs, DFCUs, and DCOMs are on the front panel. The boards of the
DAFU subrack connect with other boards or units in the cabinet through cables.
The DAFU subrack performs the following functions:
z Receiving and transmitting the RF signals
z Transmitting combination
z Receiving diversity
z Amplifying the receive signals
z Controlling the low noise amplification
DTRU Subrack
One DTRU subrack supports up to six DTRUs.
The DTRU performs the following functions:
z Modulation, frequency up-conversion, filtering, RF hopping, signal amplification, and
combiner output to convert the baseband signals of two carriers to the RF signals.
z RF signals dividing, diversity receiving, RF hopping, and demodulation of two carriers.
z Signaling processing, channel coding, interleaving and deinterleaving, modulation, and
demodulation.
z Amplification of output power.
z Transmit diversity, 4-way diversity receive.
z Transmit-combining and Power Boost Technology (PBT).
FAN Subrack
The FAN subrack has only one FAN box inside it. The FAN box contains one fan monitoring
board and four fans. The fan monitoring board detects the temperature at the air inlets at the
bottom of the cabinet, and adjusts the speed and working status of the fans.
The rear part of the cabinet top and the air inlets at the bottom of the cabinet form a
ventilation circuit, cooling the entire cabinet. The fans take the N+1 redundancy backup
strategy. When one fan fails, the other fans run at full speed. In normal temperature, the fans
can meet the heat dissipation requirements.

Common Subrack
The common subrack is in the lower part of the cabinet. It consists of the following
components:
z Transmission/Timing/Management Unit for DTRU BTS (DTMU)
The DTMU is an entity for basic transmission and control in the BTS3012. It works as a
main controller.
z Environment Monitoring Unit for DTRU BTS (DEMU)
The DEMU monitors the environment in the equipment room and collects information
on environment monitoring and alarms.
z Antenna and TMA Control Unit for DTRU BTS (DATU)
The DATU feeds the TMA and transmits the remote electrical tilt unit (RET) control
signals.
z Combined Cabinet Signal Connection Unit for DTRU BTS (DCSU)
The DCSU transfers signals for the combined cabinet and cabinet group between the
common subrack and the cabinet top subrack.
z Cable Connection Unit for DTRU BTS (DCCU)
The DCCU converts the input and output signals of the common subrack.
z Common Module Backplane for DTRU BTS (DCMB)
The DCMB is the backplane in the BTS3012 common subrack.
Cabinet Top Subrack

The cabinet top subrack is on the top of the cabinet. It consists of the following components:
z Monitor Signal Lightning-Protection Card for DTRU BTS (DMLC)
The DMLC provides lightning protection for various routes of input and output signals.
z E1 Signal Lightning-Protection Card for DTRU BTS (DELC)
The DELC provides lightning protection for E1 signals.
z Signal Access Card for DTRU BTS (DSAC)
The DSAC has two C1BUS3 ports for the DTMU to communicate with the external
equipment and supports six-route Boolean value input.
z Cabinet top Backplane for DTRU BTS (DCTB)
The DCTB is the backplane in the BTS3012 cabinet top subrack.
BBU/Transmission Unit
Baseband Unit (BBU)/transmission unit is under the common subrack. The space for the BBU
is reserved. The built-in SDH and the microwave transmission device can be installed in the
reserved space.
1.1.3 Antenna Subsystem

The antenna subsystem receives the UL signals and transmits the DL signals. The subsystem
consists of:
z Antenna
z Tower-Mounted Amplifier (TMA)

z Feeder
z Jumper
z Remote Control Unit (RCU)
z Smart Bias-Tee (SBT)
The TMA is optional depending on network planning and actual requirements.
1.1.4 O&M Subsystem

The O&M subsystem performs remote operation and maintenance through the OMC. It
performs near end operation and maintenance through the MMI. Both require the support of
the BTS3012 O&M program.
The O&M software is the common control part of the BTS3012 software. It is the core of the
BTS3012 O&M. All the other BTS3012 software has interfaces with the O&M software.
The following are the functions of the O&M program:
z Downloading the BTS3012 software
z Initializing the BTS3012
z Monitoring and managing the BTS3012 running status
z Collecting alarms
z Tracing the resource usage and interfaces
1.2 Software Architecture

This section describes the software architecture of the BTS3012.
It has the following sections:
z Composition
z Signaling Processing Software
z Baseband Signal Processing Software
z O&M and Transmission Device Control Software
1.2.1 Composition
The BTS3012 software is distributed in each module of the BTS.
The software performs the following functions:
z RL hierarchical protocol
z Abis interface protocol procedure
z Radio channel real-time management
z Internal connection protocols
z Transmission device control
z BTS3012 operation and maintenance
z MMI management
The BTS3012 software system has the following parts:

z Signaling processing software

z Baseband signal processing software
z O&M and transmission device control software
Figure 1-3 shows the BTS3012 software architecture.
Figure 1-3 Software architecture
Signaling Baseband signal

processing software processing software
O&M and transmission

device control software
1.2.2 Signaling Processing Software

Data, voice, and signaling are transmitted between the BTS and the BSC.
The signaling processing software is the control part of the DTRU. It performs the following
functions:
z Transparently transmitting layer 3 messages of the Um interface to the Abis interface
z Managing the radio resources together with the BSC
z Realizing part of the functions of layer3 on the Um interface
z LAPD at the Abis interface
z LAPDm at the Um interface
z Operating and maintaining the DTRU
Signaling processing is the core of the BTS service processing function.
The software runs on the DTRU.
1.2.3 Baseband Signal Processing Software

The baseband signal processing software performs the following functions:
z Coding and decoding of the voice, data and signaling on the radio channel
z Demodulating the received signals
z Processing the signals at the Um interface together with the hardware circuit of the
digital signal processing part on the DTRU
The baseband signal processing software runs on the DTRU.

1.2.4 O&M and Transmission Device Control Software

The O&M software is the common control part of the BTS software. It is the core of the BTS
O&M system. All the other BTS software has interfaces with the O&M software.
The O&M software performs the following functions:
z Loading the BTS software
z Initializing the BTS
z Monitoring and managing the BTS running status
z Collecting alarms
z Tracing the resource usage and interface messages
The transmission device control software is a module of the O&M software. It controls the
transmission links between the BSC and the BTS.
The transmission device control software supports flexible link configuration between the
BTS and the BSC, through the star, tree, and chain networking.
Each site supports up to 36 TRXs. The transmission device control software also enables the
DTMU to perform the remote loopback test.
The O&M software runs on the DTMU.
1.3 Logical Architecture

This section describes the logical architecture of the BTS3012 including its composition and
the common subsystem.
1.3.1 Composition
The BTS3012 communicates with the BSC and the MS through the Abis interface and the Um
interface respectively. It processes the Um interface protocol and the Abis interface protocol
to perform information conversion between the BSC and the MS.
As shown in Figure 1-4, the logical architecture of the BTS3012 system has the following
subsystems:
z Common subsystem
z DTRU subsystem
z DAFU subsystem
z Antenna subsystem

Figure 1-4 shows the logical architecture of the BTS3012.
Figure 1-4 Logical architecture of the BTS3012

Abis
Monitor Um
BITS Extension
cabinet/group
Electric tilt antenna
DATU
for signal
& TMA feed

Protection
TMA TMA MS
DTRU DAFU
E1
DTMU TMA TMA
E1 DTRU DAFU
Optical transmission
equipment (optional)
Fiber TMA TMA
DEMU DTRU DAFU
NFCB
DATU Electric tilt antenna
& TMA feed
Common DTRU DAFU Antenna

subsystem subsystem subsystem subsystem
The signal lightning protection part performs lightning protection of signals including E1 signals,
monitoring signals, and Boolean value signals. The DELC, DMLC, and DSAC perform this function.
1.3.2 Common Subsystem

The common subsystem manages the whole BTS by providing interfaces for the reference
clock, power supply, transmission, maintenance, and external alarm collection.
The subsystem consists of the BTS common subsystem and the cabinet top access subsystem.
BTS Common Subsystem

The BTS common subsystem performs the following functions:
z Introducing the E1 signal into the BTS
z Introducing the SDH into the BTS
z Providing clock for the BTS
z Collecting and monitoring the environmental alarm
z Synchronizing clocks
Cabinet Top Access Subsystem

The cabinet top access subsystem performs the following functions:
z Providing E1 lightning protection

z Providing signal lightning protection

z Introducing the signals into the BTS
For details about the common subsystem, see 2 "Common Subsystem."
1.3.3 DTRU Subsystem

The DTRU subsystem has two parts, the baseband part, and the RF part.
z The baseband part consists of four modules: SCP, DSP, CUI, and power supply.
z The RF part consists of the transceiver and the PAU.
The DTRU subsystem performs the following functions:
z Processing the baseband signals
z Receiving and transmitting the RF signals
z Amplifying the power
z Transmit diversity and 4-way diversity receive
z PBT
For details about the DTRU subsystem, see 3 "DTRU Subsystem."
1.3.4 DAFU Subsystem

The DAFU subsystem communicates with the DTMU through the CBUS3.
The DAFU subsystem performs the following functions:
z Transmitting the combined TRXs
z Transmit and receive duplex
z Detecting alarms and reporting antenna and feeder standing wave and low noise
amplification
z Lower noise amplification gain control
z Detecting and reporting the transmit power at antenna port
z Detecting and reporting board temperature
z Detecting software in-position status
z Software upgrade without impacting system performance
For details about the DAFU subsystem, see 4 "DAFU Subsystem."
1.3.5 Antenna Subsystem

The antenna subsystem receives and transmits signals over the air interface.
It has the following components:
z Antenna
z Feeder
z TMA (optional)
z RCU
z SBT
For details about the antenna subsystem, see 5 "Antenna Subsystem."

1.4 Bus Structure

The BTS3012 has four types of buses:
z Data buses between the DTMU and the DTRU (DBUS1–DBUS6)
z Control buses
− CBUS1 between DTMUs
− CBUS2 between the DTMU and the DTRU
− CBUS3 between the DTMU and the DDPU, DFCU, DEMU, NFCB, DATU, and the
external alarm box
z Clock buses for the frame clock (FCLK), the 1/8-bit clock (OBCLK), the RF reference
clock (SREF), the frame number (FN), the DBUS clock (DBUSCLK), and the DBUS
frame header (DBUSFS)
z Hopping buses between the DTRUs in a cabinet

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 2 Common Subsystem
2 Common Subsystem
About This Chapter
Section Describes
2.1 Composition Introduces the components of the BTS3012 common subsystem.

2.2 Functions Introduces the functions of the BTS3012 common subsystem.
2.3 DTMU Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DTMU.
2.4 DCCU Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DCCU.
2.5 DCSU Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DCSU.
2.6 DEMU Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DEMU.
2.7 DATU Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DATU.
2.8 DCMB Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DCMB.
2.9 DELC Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DELC.
2.10 DMLC Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DMLC.
2.11 DSAC Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DSAC.
2.12 DCTB Introduces the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DCTB.

2 Common Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
2.1 Composition
The BTS3012 common subsystem consists of the BTS common subsystem and the cabinet
top access subsystem.
2.1.1 BTS Common Subsystem

The BTS3012 common subsystem is located under the FAN subrack.
The common subsystem consists of the following components:
z DTMU
z DEMU
z DATU
z DCSU
z DCCU
Figure 2-1 shows boards in the BTS3012 common subsystem.
Figure 2-1 Boards in the BTS3012 common subsystem
D D D D D D
T T E C C A
M M M S C T
U U U U U U
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Table 2-1 lists boards and their slot numbers.
Table 2-1 Mapping between the boards and the slot numbers in the common subsystem
Board Slot No.
DTMU 0, 1
DEMU 2, 3, 4, 7
DATU 2, 3, 4, 7
DCSU 5
DCCU 6

2.1.2 Cabinet Top Access Subsystem

The cabinet top access subsystem is on the top of the cabinet.
This subsystem consists of the following components:
z DMLC
z DELC
z DSAC
Figure 2-2 shows boards in the BTS3012 cabinet top access subsystem.
Figure 2-2 Boards in the BTS3012 cabinet top access subsystem
D D D D
M E E S
L L L A
C C C C
1 0
Table 2-2 lists boards and their slot numbers.
Table 2-2 Mapping between the boards and the slot numbers in the cabinet top access subsystem
Board Slot No.
DMLC 0, 1, 2
DELC 0, 1, 2
DSAC 3
2.2 Functions
The BTS3012 common subsystem provides interfaces for the primary reference clock, power
supply, transmission, maintenance, and external alarm collection. It controls and manages the
whole BTS.
The common subsystem performs the following functions:
z Providing E1 signals access and lightning protection
z Collecting and monitoring environmental alarms
z Providing clock for BTS
z Providing signal lightning protection
z Accessing Boolean value
z Controlling electrical antenna and feeding the TMA

2.3 DTMU
2.3.1 Introduction
DTMU is the Transmission & Timing & Management Unit for the BTS3012.
It has the following features:
z Backup between the active and standby boards.
z Backup between the clock modules of the active and standby boards.
z Backup of the E1 port and main control unit.
The DTMU also performs the following functions:
z Managing the BTS3012.
z Providing the external GPS input.
z Providing the BITS synchronized clock input.
z Providing terminal MMI maintenance of the 10 M network port.
z Connecting the BTS and the BSC.
z Providing 4-route or 8-route E1 input.
z Providing four or eight E1 transmissions between the active and the standby boards.
z Supporting 8-route digital alarm input. Two routes are lightning arrester failure alarm
detection.
z Supporting 4-route extended digital control signal output.
z Monitoring the external fan control panel and power module.
z Supporting transmission modes of 75-ohm and 120-ohm impedance.
The E1 interface accords with the G.703/G.704.

2.3.2 Working Environment

Figure 2-3 shows the working environment of the DTMU.
Figure 2-3 DTMU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
Monitor、BITS
Monitor、BITS
DSAC
DBUS
DTMU
E1 E1 TBUS
DELC CBUS
Optical Fiber
Optical transmission equipment
Common subsystem
2.3.3 Functions and Principles

The DTMU consists of three modules:
z BTS Interface Unit (BIU)
z Main Control Unit (MCU)
z Main Clock Board (MCK)

Figure 2-4 shows the structure of the DTMU.
Figure 2-4 DTMU structure
DTMU
MMI CBUS2
LMT MCU
OML
Abis DBUS
BSC BIU DTRU
Clock
External Subrack number
synchronized clock and clock
MCK
The DTMU performs the following functions:

z BIU
− Connects the BTS and the BSC
− Four or eight-E1 backup between the active and the standby DTMUs
− Exchanges the TS data between the E1 and the DBUS
− Provides clock source that synchronizes with the upper level clock
z MCU
− Supports multi communication protocols including the UART and the HDLC
− Controls the BIU and provides communication between the BSC and the BTS
− Provides platform for the MCK software
z MCK
− Provides high-accuracy clock source with system clock based on it
− Judges the status of the phase-lock, provides software phase-lock, DA adjustment,
and generates the subrack number
− Transmits clock signals between the active and the standby DTMUs and the
synchronizes signals

2.4 DCCU
2.4.1 Introduction
The DCCU has the following features:
z 3V3 as the power in and out parts
z –48 V power supply EMI filtering

Figure 2-5 shows the working environment of the DCCU.
Figure 2-5 DCCU working environment
NFCB
DCMB DCCU Power
DCTB


The DCCU consists of the signal conversion unit and the EMI filtering unit.
Figure 2-6 shows the structure of the DCCU.
Figure 2-6 DCCU structure
DCCU
DCTB
Signal D
conversion C
NFCB
M
B
-48 V
EMI filtering
The DCCU performs the following functions:

z Signal conversion part
The signals from the DCMB are transmitted to the DCCU through three 2
mm-connectors, and then to the FAN subrack and cabinet top through the connectors on
the front panel.
z EMI filtering part
The –48 V power goes through the EMI filter to the DCMB for the use of other boards in
the common subrack.
2.5 DCSU
2.5.1 Introduction
The DCSU provides DIP switches for configuration of other boards in the subrack. The DIP
switches are about 3 cm to 4 cm from the front panel, arrayed from top to bottom according to
the function areas.
For details about the DIP switches on the DCSU, see the BTS3012 Base Station Hardware Description
Manual – Boards.


Figure 2-7 shows the working environment of the DCSU.
Figure 2-7 DCSU working environment
DTRB
DCMB DCSU
DCTB

The DCSU transfers signals for combined cabinet and cabinet group.
Figure 2-8 shows the structure of the DCSU.
Figure 2-8 DCSU structure

Input signals for
combined cabinet
Output signals for
combined cabinet
D D
C C
S M
U B
To DTRB
To DCTB

2.6 DEMU
2.6.1 Introduction
The DEMU is placed in the common subrack. It provides 32-channel Boolean value input,
4-channel analog value input, and 6-channel Boolean value output.
The DMLC is required on the top of the cabinet if the DEMU is configured.

Figure 2-9 shows the working environment of the DEMU.
Figure 2-9 DEMU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
CBUS3
Monitor signal
DMLC DEMU
Common subsystem

The DEMU has the following circuits:
z Power circuit
z MCU control circuit
z Analog signal detecting circuit
z Boolean value input and output circuit
z Board serial port circuit
z Board power and voltage detecting circuit

Figure 2-10 shows the structure of the DEMU.
Figure 2-10 DEMU structure
-48 V
Power
circuit
24 V/12 V/5 V/3.3 V
Board power and

Boolean value input
voltage detecting
MCU and output circuit
circuit
control circuit
Analog signal Board serial port
detecting circuit circuit
The DEMU monitors the environment in the equipment room and collects information on
environment monitoring and alarms. It maintains the environment in the equipment room to
ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
2.7 DATU
2.7.1 Introduction
The DATU is placed in the common slot of the common subrack. There are maximum two
DATUs under full configuration.


Figure 2-11 shows the working environment of the DATU.
Figure 2-11 DATU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
TBUS CBUS Extension

DBUS cabinet/group
CBUS3 Electric tilt antenna, TMA feed

DATU
TMA TMA
MS
Bais Tee
DTRU DAFU
Bais Tee
DTRU subsystem DAFU subsystem Antenna

subsystem

Figure 2-12 shows the structure of the DATU.
Figure 2-12 DATU structure
SMAoutput DDPU/
DTMU DATU
DFCU
The DATU performs the following functions:

z Transmitting the Remote Electrical Tilt unit (RET) control signals.
z Feeding of the Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA).
z Communicating with the DTMU through CBUS3 for control and alarm report.

2.8 DCMB
2.8.1 Introduction
The DCMB is the backplane in the BTS3012 common subrack with the DTMU, DCCU,
DCSU, DATU, and DEMU placed in it. The DATU and the DEMU are placed in slots 2, 3, 4,
and 7.

Figure 2-13 shows the working environment of the DCMB.
Figure 2-13 DCMB working environment
DTMU
DEMU
DCMB
DATU
DCSU
DCCU

The DCMB performs the following functions:
z Providing slots for two DTMUs, one DEMU, two DATUs, one DCCU, and one DCSU,
and connections between these boards
z Providing –48 V power distribution from the DCCU to the common subsystem
2.9 DELC
2.9.1 Introduction
The DELC is placed in slots 0 to 2 of the cabinet top subrack with the DMLC.
The DELC is mandatory and there is one DELC in minimum configuration.
Without the DMLC, there are maximum three DELCs, supporting up to 12 routes of protected
E1 signals. Each DMLC provides lightning protection for 4-channel E1 signals sent to the
DCCU.


Figure 2-14 shows the working environment of the DELC.
Figure 2-14 DELC working environment

Abis
E1
DELC DCTB DCCU DTMU

Figure 2-15 shows the structure of the DELC.
Figure 2-15 DELC structure
DELC
DB25 connector Lightning DB37 E1
DCCU 4-routeE1 protection
circuit
One DELC provides lightning protection for 4-route E1 signals. Three DELCs (under full
configuration) provide 12-route E1 signal lightning protection.
2.10 DMLC
2.10.1 Introduction
The DMLC and the DELC are placed in slots 0 to 2 of the cabinet top subrack. The DMLC
and the DELC can be placed in each other's slots.
The DMLC is optional with one card under full configuration.


Figure 2-16 shows the working environment of the DMLC.
Figure 2-16 DMLC working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
CBUS3
Monitor signals
DMLC DEMU
Common subsystem

Figure 2-17 shows the structure of the DMLC.
Figure 2-17 DMLC structure
DMLC
Boolean value input
External lightning protection
D
device E
Boolean value output
M
U
Analog input
DDF
lightning protection
The DMLC provides lightning protection for various routes of input and output signals:
z Thirty-two-route Boolean value input
z Six-route Boolean value output
z Four-route analog input
z Smoke/water/access control/infrared/humidity/temperature sensor signal input

2.11 DSAC
2.11.1 Introduction
The DSAC is placed in slot 3 of the cabinet top subrack. The number of the DSAC under full
configuration is one.
The DSAC cannot be placed in the slots of the DMLC & DELC.

Figure 2-18 shows the working environment of the DSAC.
Figure 2-18 DSAC working environment
DSAC DCTB DCCU
DTMU

Figure 2-19 shows the structure of the DSAC.
Figure 2-19 DSAC structure
Front panel
Failure Control
Boolean value
CBUS3×2 alarm signal
alarm input
input output
Signal
protection
Backplane
DSAC
signal input
DCTB
The DSAC performs the following functions:

z Six-route Boolean value input and four-route output of the main node
z Two-route CBUS3 output
z Two-route input of lightning protection arrester failure alarm
z Access protection of BITS clock input

2.12 DCTB
2.12.1 Introduction
The DCTB is placed in the cabinet top subrack. It is mandatory and has four slots in it.
z The DMLC and the DELC can be placed in each other's slots in slots 0 to 2.
z The DSAC is placed in slot 3.

Figure 2-20 shows the working environment of the DCTB.
Figure 2-20 DCTB working environment
Monitor signal
DCCU DMLC
E1 signal
DCTB DELC
DCSU CBUS3 signal

DSAC

Figure 2-21 shows the structure of the DCTB.
Figure 2-21 DCTB structure
DMLC DCCU
DCTB
DELC DCSU
DSAC DEMU
The DCTB performs the following functions:

z Connecting signal cables between the cabinet top subrack and the boards, such as the
DCCU, DCSU, and the DEMU
z Supporting two-combined cabinet and three-cabinet group of the BTS3012

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 3 DTRU Subsystem
3 DTRU Subsystem
About This Chapter
Section Describes
3.1 Components Introduces the components of the DTRU subsystem.

3.2 Functions Describes the functions of the DTRU subsystem.
3.3 DTRU Describes the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DTRU.
3.4 DTRB Describes the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DTRB.

3 DTRU Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
3.1 Components
The DTRU subsystem consists of the Double-Transceiver Unit (DTRU) and the DTRU
Backplane (DTRB). The BTS3012 can be configured with up to six DTRUs, as shown in
Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1 DTRU subsystem under full configuration
DTRU
NBBI DTRU DTRU DTRU DTRU DTRU
0 1 2 3 4 5
3.2 Functions
The DTRU subsystem performs the following functions:
z The RF transmitting part
Performs modulation, up-conversion, filtering, RF hopping, signal amplification, and
combiner output to convert the baseband signals of the two carriers to the RF signals.
z The RF receiving part
Performs RF signals dividing, diversity receiving, RF hopping, and demodulation of the
two carriers.
z The baseband processing part
Performs the following functions:
− Signaling processing
− Channel coding
− Interleaving and deinterleaving
− Modulation and demodulation
− Transmit diversity and 4-way diversity receive
z Output power amplification
z RF signals combination and PBT

3.3 DTRU
3.3.1 Introduction
The DTRU is placed in the DTRU subrack. One DTRU module can process two carriers.

Figure 3-2 shows the working environment of the DTRU.
Figure 3-2 DTRU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
Extension
TBUS CBUS cabinet/group
DBUS
RF signal
CBUS2 DTRU DFCU

CBUS3
FH_BUS
CBUS2 DTRU DFCU
CBUS3
CBUS2 DTRU DFCU
CBUS3
DTRU DAFU
subsystem subsystem

The DTRU can be functionally divided into three modules:
z DTRU Baseband and RF Unit (DBRU)
z DTRU Power Amplifier Unit (DPAU)
z DTRU Power Supply Unit (DTPS)

Figure 3-3 shows the functional structure of the DTRU.
Figure 3-3 Function structure of the DTRU
DTRU
DPAU
DTMU DAFU
DBRU
DTPS
-48 V DC
DBRU
The DBRU is the main functional module of the DTRU. The DBRU performs
modulation/demodulation, data processing, and combining/dividing between the baseband
signals and the RF signals.
DPAU
The DPAU performs the following functions:
z Amplifying the Tx signals transmitted from the DBRU to the required level.
z Coupling the output power signals for loopback test and power detection.
z Detecting the temperature of the power amplifier.
z Supporting combination of transmit signals and PBT.
DTPS
The DTPS is the power supply board of the DTRU. The DTPS converts the –48 VDC power
input into +28 VDC for the DPAU.

3.4 DTRB
3.4.1 Introduction
The DTRB is also placed in the DTRU subrack. The DTRB has six slots. Each slot has one
DTRU.

Figure 3-4 shows the working environment of the DTRB.
Figure 3-4 DTRB working environment
DTRU
DTRU
DTRB DTRU
DTRU
DTRU
DTRU


Figure 3-5 shows the functional structure of the DTRB.
Figure 3-5 Functional structure of the DTRB
DBUS,
TBUS,CBUS
DTRB
DTRU
DTMU
DTRU
DCSU
DTRU
The connections between the DTRB, DCSU, DTRU, and DTMU are as follows:
z The DTRB connects the DCSU and the DTRU.
z The DTRU connects to the DTMU through the DTRB and the DCSU.
z The DTRB connects to the DCSU and the DCSU connects to the DTMU.
The slot number and the rack number of the DTRU are determined by the DTRB. All the
in-position signals are transmitted to the DCSU through the DTRB.
The clock signals of the BTS system are sent from the DTMU to the DTRB through the
DCSU. The DTRB then sends the clock signals to each DTRU.
The uplink or downlink control bus and the data bus of the DTRU connect to the DCSU
through the DTRB.

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 4 DAFU Subsystem
4 DAFU Subsystem
About This Chapter
Section Describes
4.1 Components Introduces the components of the DAFU subsystem.

4.2 Functions Introduces the functions of the DAFU subsystem.
4.3 DDPU Describes the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DDPUs.
4.4 DCOM Describes the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DCOMs.
4.5 DFCU Describes the features, working environment, and functions and
principles of the DFCUs.

4 DAFU Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
4.1 Components
For components of the DAFU subsystem, you can choose the items in either of the following
schemes:
z Dual-Duplexer Unit for the DTRU BTS (DDPU) and Combining Unit for the DTRU
BTS (DCOM)
z DFCU (Filter Combiner Unit for DTRU BTS)
Part (A) in Figure 4-1 shows the DAFU subsystem in full configuration when it is configured
with the DDPUs and the DCOMs. Part (B) in Figure 4-1 the DAFU subsystem in full
configuration when it is configured with DFCU.
Figure 4-1 DAFU subsystem in full configuration
D D D D D D
C D C D C D
NBBI
O P O P O P
M U M U M U
0 1 2 3 4 5
(A)
D D D
F F F
C C C
U U U
0 2 4
(B)

4.2 Functions
Figure 4-2 shows the logical location of the DAFU subsystem.
Figure 4-2 Logical location of the DAFU subsystem
TMA TMA
DTRU DAFU
TMA TMA
DTRU DAFU
TMA TMA
DTRU DAFU
DTRU DAFU Antenna

subsystem subsystem subsystem
The DAFU subsystem performs the following functions:

z Outputting transmit power after combing the signals from multiple TRXs
z Transmitting and receiving signals through a duplex
z Detecting and reporting antenna VSWR alarms and the low noise amplifier alarms
z Controlling low noise amplification
z Detecting and reporting the transmit power of antenna ports
z Detecting and reporting the board temperature
z Detecting whether a board is in position
z Upgrading the software without affecting the system performance

4.3 DDPU
4.3.1 Introduction
The DDPU sends multiple channels of RF Tx signals from the DTRU to the antenna through
the duplex. The DDPU also sends the signals from the antenna back to the DRTU after the
signals are amplified by the duplexer.

Figure 4-3 shows the working environment of the DDPU.
Figure 4-3 DDPU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
Extension
DBUS Um
TMA TMA
CBUS2 MS
DTRU DDPU
CBUS3
FH_BUS TMA TMA
CBUS2 DTRU DDPU
CBUS3
TMATMA
CBUS2 DTRU DDPU
CBUS3
DTRU DAFU Antenna



Figure 4-4 shows the functional structure of the DDPU.
Figure 4-4 Functional structure of the DDPU

TX/RX ANT A
TX1 DDPU Power coupling

Duplexer
RX1A
DDLC
RX2A
1/4 ATT
RX3A
RX4A LNA
Processing
Communication the detected
BUS alarms
interface
DC -48V
RX1B
RX2B
1/4 ATT
RX3B
RX4B
TX2 Power coupling

Duplexer
TX/RX ANT B
The DDPU consists of the Dual-Duplexer for PGSM (DDUP) and the Dual LNA & Control
Unit for the DTRU BTS (DDLC).
The DDPU performs the following functions:
z Sending multiple channels of the RF signals from the DTRU to the antenna
z Sending signals from the antenna to the DTRU after amplification and quartering
z Detecting the antenna and feeder standing wave alarms
z Controlling the low noise amplification
z Lighting protection supported by the ANT port

4.4 DCOM
4.4.1 Introduction
The DCOM is placed in the DAFU subrack. It can be placed in the DDPU slot. The DCOM
combines two carriers into one channel (the 2-in-1 function). The DCOM is required when the
DTRU are not sufficient.

Figure 4-5 shows the working environment of the DCOM.
Figure 4-5 DCOM working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
Extension Um
TBUS CBUS
cabinet/group
DBUS
DAFU TMA TMA
MS
CBUS2 DTRU DCOM DDPU
CBUS3
CBUS2 DTRU
FH_BUS
DTRU subsystem DAFU subsystem Antenna
subsystem

The DCOM consists of a 3 dB electrical bridge and a 2-in-1 combiner with large power.
Figure 4-6 shows the functional structure of the DCOM.
Figure 4-6 Functional structure of the DCOM
TX1 TX1+TX2
3-dB electrical
TX2 bridge TX1+TX2
Load of large
power

The DCOM combines two channels of the Tx signals from the DTRU and sends them to the
DDPU. The Tx signals from the DTRU can be combined signals of the carriers with different
or same frequencies.
4.5 DFCU
4.5.1 Introduction
The DFCU has the same functions as the DDPU and the DCOM. It sends the multiple
channels of RF Tx signals from the DTRU transmitter to the antenna through the duplexer
after combination. At the same time, the DFCU sends the received signals from the antenna to
the duplexer and to the low noise amplifier and divides the signals into several routes and then
sends them to the receivers of the DTRUs.

Figure 4-7 shows the working environment of the DCOM.
Figure 4-7 DFCU working environment
DBUS/
TBUS/
CBUS
Extension
DBUS Um
RF signal
TMA TMA
CBUS2 MS
DTRU DFCU
CBUS3
FH_BUS TMA TMA
CBUS2 DTRU DFCU
CBUS3
TMATMA
CBUS2 DTRU DFCU
CBUS3
DTRU DAFU Antenna



Figure 4-8 shows the functional structure of the DFCU.
Figure 4-8 Functional structure of the DFCU
DFCU
TX1 COM1
TX2
TX3 4-way combine line
TX4 TX-COM
COM2
PF-out1 TX-DUP
PF-out2
Directional
TX/RX-ANT coupler Duplexer
LNA RX1
PR-out1 RX2
PR-out2 RX3
HL-OUT
PR-in1
PR-in2
PF-in1 Control unit RX4
PF-in2 RX5
DC-IN -48V RX6
DBUS HL-IN
RXD-ANT RX filter LNA

RXD-OUT
Jumper
The DFCU has the following components: 4-way combine line, directional coupler, duplexer,
control unit, RX filter, and LNA.
The DFCU has the following functions:
z Sends the multiple channels of the RF signals from the transceiver to the antenna through
the duplexer.
z Amplifies the received signals from the antenna and divides the signals into four parts
and then sends them to the transceiver.
z Combines the four routes of signals into one route, auto detects the frequencies of the
input signals and performs automatic tuning.
z Detects the VSWR alarms of the antenna system and provides the function of the VSWR
alarms whose thresholds are adjustable.
z Controls the gains of the low noise amplifier.

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 5 Antenna Subsystem
5 Antenna Subsystem
About This Chapter
Section Describes
5.1 Components Introduces the components of the antenna subsystem.

5.2 Antenna Introduces the working principles, types, specifications, RET,
feeder, and TMA of the antenna.
5.3 Feeder Describes the features and working principles of the feeder in the
antenna subsystem.
5.4 TMA Describes the features and working principles of the TMA in the
antenna subsystem.

5 Antenna Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
5.1 Components
As shown in Figure 5-1, the antenna subsystem consists of the following parts:
z Antenna
z Feeder
z Jumpers
z TMA
Figure 5-1 Antenna subsystem
4
3
5
3
BTS cabinet
(1) Antenna (2) Antenna support (3) Jumper

(4) TMA (5) Feeder -
The antenna subsystem serves as a channel for transmitting and receiving the RF signals. It
transmits the RF signals after modulating them and receives signals from the MS.

5.2 Antenna
The antenna is the terminating point of transmission and the starting point of reception. The
type, gain, azimuth angle, and front-to-rear ratio of the antenna affect system performance.
Network planners can set these parameters based on the actual network requirements such as
capacity and coverage.
5.2.1 Working Principles

An antenna works as a type of converter. It converts the current transmitted over the
transmission cables into the electromagnetic wave and vice versa.
In mobile communication systems, the antenna consists of an array of element antennas, as
shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2 Antenna composition
1 1
2 2 2
3 3
Directional antenna Omnidirectional antenna
(1) Element antenna (2) Feeder network (3) Antenna connector
The elements of the antenna are as follows:

z The element antenna is a half-wave element. Feeding network is an equal power division
network.

z The antenna connector is a DIN connector (7/16'') usually installed at the bottom or back
of the antenna.
z An antenna cover encloses the element antennas and the feeding network to protect the
antenna from damage. The antenna cover is made of glass reinforced plastic. It has
higher intensity and smaller loss to waves.
The antennas work outdoors, so there is an exhaust outlet for drainage at the bottom of the
antennas.
5.2.2 Types
The types of the BTS3012 antenna are as follows:
z By radiation features in horizontal directions, the BTS3012 antennas are classified into
omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas
z By polarization features, the BTS3012 antennas are classified into single polarization
antennas and dual polarization antennas
Most omnidirectional antennas are single polarization ones. Directional antennas can be either
single polarization or dual polarization ones.
For an omnidirectional antenna, the wave energy is the same in all horizontal directions but
varies in vertical directions.
For a directional antenna, the wave energy varies in horizontal directions and vertical
directions.
Single polarization antennas are vertical polarization antennas. The polarization of their
elements is vertical.

As shown in Figure 5-3, dual polarization antennas are usually 45° polarization antennas.
Their elements cross in pairs. In a pair, one element deviates rightward from the vertical by
45°, and the other element deviates, leftward by 45°.
Figure 5-3 Types of antenna
Omnidirectional Single polarization Dual polarization

antenna antenna antenna
A dual polarization antenna equals to the combination of two single polarization antennas.
Dual polarization antennas are being used widely as they are economical.
5.2.3 Specifications
Polarization
Polarization means the direction of the electric field vector in the maximum radiation
direction of the antenna.
The waves radiated from an antenna are made up of an electric field vector and a magnetic
field vector. The two vectors differ in special directions.
The polarization of an antenna refers to the direction of the electric field vector in the
maximum radiation direction of the antenna. It is usually identical with the direction of its
elements.

Horizontal Radiation Pattern

The pattern is a curve that the far zone radiated electric field of the antenna changes with the
angle in a horizontal plane. It reflects the radiation features of the antenna on the horizontal
plane. For example, the ideal horizontal radiation pattern of an omnidirectional antenna is a
circle.
The electric filed amplitudes in a horizontal radiation pattern are normalized according to the
electric filed amplitude in the maximum radiation direction.
Figure 5-4 shows the horizontal radiation pattern of a –65° antenna.
Figure 5-4 Horizontal radiation pattern
Horizontal Lobe Width

The width refers to the angle between the two directions in the horizontal radiation pattern in
which the radiation power is 3 dB less than the maximum radiation power. The 65° antenna is
the antenna with a horizontal lobe width of 65°.
Vertical Radiation Pattern

The pattern is a curve that the far zone radiated electric field of the antenna changes with the
angle in a vertical plane. It reflects the radiation features of the antenna on the vertical plane.
Generally, the electric field amplitudes in a vertical radiation pattern are normalized according
to the electric field amplitudes in the maximum radiation direction. For a directional antenna,
the side lobe above the main lobe should be as small as possible to reduce interference on
communications quality.

Figure 5-5 shows the vertical radiation pattern of a –65° antenna.
Figure 5-5 Vertical radiation pattern
Vertical Lobe Width

The width refers to the angle between the two directions in the vertical radiation pattern of the
antenna. In the angle, the radiation power is 3 dB less than the maximum radiation power.
Gain
Gain refers to the power density ratio of a certain point in the maximum radiation direction to
the same point of the ideal point source antenna at the same input power. It indicates the
radiation capability of the antenna in a specific direction. In general, the higher the gain, the
smaller the lobe width and the more the concentrated wave energy.
Echo Loss
It refers to the ratio of the reflected power to the incidence power at the antenna connector. It
indicates the matching features of the antenna.
Front-to-Rear Ratio
This specification applies only to directional antennas. The front-to-rear ratio of an antenna is
the ratio of the power density in the forward maximum radiation direction to that in the
backward maximum radiation direction of the antenna. It reflects the suppression capability of
the antenna to backward interference.
Passive Inter-Modulation
Passive inter-modulation means the inter-modulation between passive components such as
connectors, feeders, antennas, and filters due to their non-linearity in high power conditions.
Passive components are usually linear but they may have more or less non-linearity when
working in high power conditions. The possible factors for non-linearity are:

z Contact of different metal materials

z Uneven contact surface of the same material
z Loose contact
z Magnetic materials
Power Bearing Capability

The power bearing capability of an antenna is the maximum transmit power the antenna can
bear. Transmitted signals exceeding the power bearing capability may damage the antenna.
Antenna Isolation
To reduce the transmitter's negative effect on the receiver, there must be enough isolation
between two antennas, and between two polarization directions of a dual-polarization antenna.
In the GSM system, the antenna isolation must be greater than 30 dB.
5.2.4 Functional Principles of the RET System

Overview of the RET
Adjusting the antenna tilt is an important way to optimize the network. Most antennas need
this operation.
There are two ways to adjust the antenna tilt:
z Setting the tilt with an adjustable mechanical bracket. This way is called the mechanical
tilt.
Maintenance engineers will adjust the bracket on site.
z Setting the tilt electrically by adjusting the phase of the internal shifter of the antenna.
This way is called the electrical tilt.
You can adjust the tilt through remote control. This requires no onsite operations, thus
cuts costs, and increases the efficiency.
Working Principles of the RET

The RET system consists of four parts: antenna, remote control unit (RCU), splitter, and
central control unit (CCU).
The RCU is the driver motor. One antenna needs one RCU. One CCU can control multiple
RCUs. The splitter divides the control signals and power signals from the CCU to multiple
branches and then sends them to multiple RCUs.

Figure 5-6 shows the functional structure of the RET.
Figure 5-6 Functional structure of the RET
RCU Antenna1
BTS CCU Splitter
RCU Antenna2
5.2.5 Diversity
The wave propagation has the following features:
z The average value of the field strength varies slowly with place and time. Such variation,
called slow fading, accords with the logarithmic normal distribution.
z The instantaneous value of the field strength features a selective fading along the
transmission paths. Its fading pattern, called fast fading, accords with the Rayleigh
distribution.
Fast fading and slow fading variations affect the quality of mobile communication. In some
cases, they may even lead to communication interruption. Diversity technology is one of the
most effective measures against fast fading. Appropriate diversity reception and combination
can effectively eliminate fading in signal transmission when the two channels of the fading
signals share little correlation.
Diversity is categorized into polarization diversity and space diversity. The BTS3012 antenna
subsystem can use the polarization diversity and space diversity at the same time.
The BTS3012 uses two antennas to implement diversity receive. Two omnidirectional
antennas or two single polarization directional antennas can implement space diversity receive.
One dual polarization directional antenna can implement polarization diversity receive.
Theoretically, for space diversity, if the distance between two antennas is over 10 wavelengths,
the diversity effect is superior. The polarization diversity facilitates antennas installation and
saves space. Therefore, it is being used widely.
5.3 Feeder
To reduce the transmission loss between the feeder and antenna, Huawei BTS3012 adopts the
low-loss RF cables. The specifications of main feeders are 7/8-inch and 5/4-inch. 1/2-inch
super-flexible cables are used between:
z Antennas and main feeders
z Antennas and TMAs
z Cabinets and lightning arresters
The lightning arrester in the BTS3012 antenna system is optional.

5.4 TMA
The section describes the following aspects of the TMA:
z Features
z Working Principles
5.4.1 Features
The tower mounted amplifier (TMA) is a low noise amplification module installed on the
tower top. The TMA is optional. The triplex TMA is usually used and installed close to the
antenna. The triplex TMA consists of triplex filter, low noise amplification, and feeder.
The triplex filter can be considered as the combination of two duplex filters.
The signals received are processed by the TMA as follows:
z The triplex filter filters the signals from the antenna to remove the outband interference.
z The low noise amplification amplifies the weak signals.
z The feeder transmits the amplified signals to the indoor units.
As the TMA compensates the loss of the BTS feeder, the noise coefficient must be low. As the
strength of signals that the antenna receives changes according to the distance between the
MS and the BTS, large dynamic range and alarm bypass are required. As the TMA feeds by
the core of the receiving feeder, a feeder isolation device is required. Because the TMA is
placed outdoor, it is waterproof, with the working temperature between –40 °C and +70 °C.
5.4.2 Working Principles

The TMA amplifies the weak signals received by the antenna to improve the receiver
sensitivity, improve the UL coverage, and reduce the transmission power of the MS, thus
improving the voice quality.
Figure 5-7 shows the functional structure of the TMA.
Figure 5-7 Functional structure of the TMA
TMA
Sending
filter
BTS
Feeder Bypass
Lower noise
Receiving amplification Receiving
filter filter
DC

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 6 O&M Subsystem
6 O&M Subsystem
About This Chapter
Section Describes
6.1 Introduction Introduces the functions of the O&M subsystem.

6.2 Hardware Structure Introduces the hardware structure of the BTS3012 O&M
subsystem.
6.3 Software Structure Introduces the software structure of the BTS3012 O&M
subsystem.
6.4 Functions Describes the functions of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem.

6 O&M Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
6.1 Introduction
The O&M subsystem performs remote operation and maintenance through the OMC and
terminal operation and maintenance through the MMI. Both require support of the BTS O&M
program.
The O&M program is the common control part of the BTS software. It is the core of the BTS
O&M function. All other programs of the BTS have interfaces with the O&M program.
The functions of the O&M program are:
z Downloading the BTS3012 software
z Initializing the BTS3012
z Monitoring and managing the BTS3012 running status
z Collecting alarms
z Utilizing resources and tracing interface messages
6.2 Hardware Structure

The BTS3012 O&M program runs on the DTMU. One end of the DTMU connects to the
BSC and LMT, the other end connects to the boards.
The DTMUs work in active or standby mode. The boards manage, monitor, and control all the
equipment of one BTS.
Figure 6-1 shows the hardware structure of the BTS O&M.
Figure 6-1 Hardware structure of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem
BSC
MMI High rate DCL
DTMU
DTRU DTMU DTMU
DTRU DTRU
DCOM DCOM
DCOM
DTRU
DDPU DDPU
DDPU DTRU DTRU
High rate DCL
High rate DCL High rate DCL
Low rate DCL

Low rate DCL
Low rate DCL

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 6 O&M Subsystem
6.3 Software Structure

The BTS3012 O&M program consists of the L3 module, modules of various link layers, the
communication port I/O module, the common module, and the transmission equipment
control module.
Figure 6-2 shows the software structure of the O&M subsystem.
Figure 6-2 Software structure of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem
L3
Transmission
LAPD High rate DCL DTMU link Low rate DCL MMI equipment
control module
I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O
Abis Standby DTMU Extended DTMU DAFU MMI BIU
The BTS3012 O&M program performs the following functions:

z Providing interfaces with all the other programs in the system.
z Adopting the message-oriented and data-structure-oriented designs which help to
enhance the system reliability and expandability.
z Performing sub-channel multiplexing and demultiplexing on the radio channels and
timeslot switching at the Abis interface or the BS interface.
z Monitoring the running status of the BIU module on the DTMU and reporting the status
through indicators on the DTMU or the O&M module.
6.4 Functions
Table 6-1 lists the functions of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem.
Table 6-1 Functions of the BTS3012 O&M subsystem
Functions Description
Configuration management Manages the configuration of modules such as the DTRU

and the DDPU.
Software download Downloads the software for the boards such as the DDPU
and the NFCB.
Board in-position test Tests the in-position information for boards.
Warm backup The DTMUs uses the active/standby mode.

6 O&M Subsystem Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
Functions Description
Abis interface management Performs the E1 timeslots switching, L1 connection and

signaling link L2 management, DBUS extension, and
optimization of Abis bandwidth allocation strategy.
Fault management Manages faults for the DBUS and the CBUS2.
Transmission management Provides flexible ways of TS switching on the BIU to
implement various networking modes.
Air interface management Configures the parameters for the physical channels and
logical channels at the air interface, including the cell
attribute, TRX attribute, and channel attribute.
Test management Manages the link test at the Abis interface, the DTRU
channel test, and site/cell/TRX/board self-detection.
Status management Ensures that the states of the logical objects and physical
objects of the BTS3012 are consistent in the BSC, DTMU,
and boards.
Event report management Gives complete and correct reports in case of errors or
alarms.
Alarm management Provides extended alarm branch number and alarm
combination, shield, report of boards, modules, and
environment according to alarm severity levels.
Equipment management Manages the software download, startup, and initialization,
and alarms processing of boards
Site management Configures sites, physical boards, and dynamic data.
Interface tracing Traces the messages in the interfaces through the BTS log.

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 7 System Signal Flow
7 System Signal Flow
About This Chapter
Section Describes
7.1 DL Signal Flow Describes the downlink (DL) signal flow.

7.2 UL Signal Flow Describes the uplink (UL) signal flow of the UL services
of the BTS3012.
7.3 Signaling Processing Flow Describes the signaling processing of the BTS3012.
7.4 Clock Signal Flow Describes the signal flow of the BTS3012 clock.
7.5 Combined Cabinet Signal Describes the signal flow of BTS3012 combined cabinets.
Flow

7 System Signal Flow Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
7.1 DL Signal Flow

Figure 7-1 shows the DL signal flow of the BTS3012.
Figure 7-1 DL signal flow
Um
DDPU/
DFCU
Antenna
MS subsystem
DTRU
Abis
DTMU
BSC
BTS3012 cabinet
The DL signal flow is as follows:

Step 1 The DTMU receives the service data from the BSC, exchanges and processes it, and then
transfers it to the DTRU.
Step 2 The DTRU performs digital filtering, up conversion, and filter amplification of the signals and
sends the signals to the DDPU/DFCU.
Step 3 The duplexer in the DDPU/DFCU filters the signals sent from the DTRU and transmits the
signals through antennas and feeders.
----End

7.2 UL Signal Flow

Figure 7-2 shows the signal flow of the UL services of the BTS3012.
Figure 7-2 UL signal flow
Um
DDPU/
DFCU
Antenna
MS subsystem
DTRU
Abis
DTMU
BSC
BTS3012 cabinet
The UL signal flow is as follows:

Step 1 The antenna receives the signals transmitted from the MS. After being amplified by the TMA,
the signals are transmitted to the DDPU/DFCU through the feeder. The TMA is optional. It is
used to compensate the feeder loss and enhance receiver sensitivity of the DDPU/DFCU
antenna port.
Step 2 The DDPU/DFCU receives the signals and transmits the signals to the DTRU after they are
filtered by the duplexer and amplified by the LNA.
Step 3 The DTRU receives the signals and transmits the signals to the DTMU after amplification and
down conversion. The DTMU then transmits the signals to the BSC through the Abis
interface.
----End

7 System Signal Flow Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
7.3 Signaling Processing Flow

Figure 7-3 shows the signaling processing flow of the BTS3012.
Figure 7-3 Signaling processing flow
BSC
Abis
DTMU DDPU/
DTRU
DFCU
BTS3012 cabinet
The signaling processing flow is as follows:

Step 1 The Abis interface board receives the signaling data from the BSC and transmits the data to
the DTMU.
Step 2 The DTMU performs decision and processing on the signaling and transmits the signaling to
the DTRU and DDPU/DFCU.
Step 3 The DTRU and DDPU/DFCU report board status to the DTMU.
Step 4 The DTMU obtains the status of the BTS3012 by collecting and analyzing the status of all
boards and transmits the information to the BSC through the Abis interface.
----End
7.4 Clock Signal Flow

Figure 7-4 shows the signal flow of the BTS3012 clock.
Figure 7-4 Clock signal flow
Abis Boards in the

DTMU main cabinet
Clock distribution
cable between Boards in the
cabinets
extension cabinet

The clock signal flow is as follows:

Step 1 The external reference clock is transmitted to the clock module in the DTMU through the
Abis interface.
Step 2 The clock module performs phase lock and frequency division on the clock signals to
generate different clock signals for BTSs.
Step 3 The clock signals are transmitted to the modules in the main cabinet such as the DTRU and
the DDPU/DFCU.
Step 4 The clock signals are transmitted to the modules in the extension cabinets through the clock
distribution cable.
----End
7.5 Combined Cabinet Signal Flow

Figure 7-5 shows the signal flow of the BTS3012 combined cabinet.
Figure 7-5 Combined cabinet signal flow
Main Data cable Main Main Data cable Extension

cabinet cabinet Control cable cabinet in cabinet in
in the Control cable in the the Control cable the
main main Clock cable extension extension
Clock cable
cabinet Clock cable cabinet cabinet cabinet
group group group group
The connection of the signal cables between combined cabinets is as follows:

z The main and extension cabinets are connected by the data cables, control cables, and
clock cables.
z The main and extension combined cabinets are connected by the clock cables and control
cables.
z The main and extension cabinets and combined cabinets require the DIP switches.

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle 8 Configuration and Networking
8 Configuration and Networking
About This Chapter
Section Describes
8.1 Configuration of the Describes the configuration principles, configuration

BTS3012 features, and capacity of the BTS3012.
8.2 Board Configuration Describes the configurations of the BTS3012 boards.
8.3 Typical Configuration Takes site configurations S4/4/4 and O6 (omnidirectional
cell with six TRXs) as an example to show configuration
methods.
8.4 Networking Types Lists different network topologies of the BTS3012.

8 Configuration and Networking Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle
8.1 Configuration of the BTS3012

This section describes the configuration of the BTS3012.
It has the following parts:
z Configuration Principles
z Configuration Features
z System Capacity
8.1.1 Configuration Principles

Table 8-1 lists the configuration principles of the BTS3012 cabinet.
Table 8-1 Configuration principles
Number of TRXs in the Site Configuration
< 12 Single cabinet

12–24 Combined cabinets
> 24 Cabinet group
The following configuration principles are also applied:

z The minimum antenna rule
Use minimum number of antennas for cell configuration.
z The minimum cabinet rule
Use minimum number of cabinets for cell configuration.
z The complete synchronous cell rule
All TRXs of a synchronous cell are configured in the same cabinet group.
z The basic cabinet priority rule
TRXs are configured in the basic cabinet in preference, and the number of TRXs in the
basic cabinet is not less than that in any extension cabinet.
8.1.2 Configuration Features

The configuration of the BTS3012 is as follows:
z The BTS3012 supports the omnidirectional coverage and the directional coverage.
z The BTS3012 supports the combination of two cabinets to form one group and the
combination of three cabinet groups.
z The BTS3012 RF Tx mode supports wideband combining, PBT, transmit diversity, and
non-combining. The RF Rx mode supports receive division, independent receive, and
four-way receive diversity. (When the BTS3012 is configured with DFCUs, the RF Tx
mode of the DTRU does not support wideband combining at present.)
z In regular configuration, three sectors need three DDPUs or three DFCUs.

z When the DDPU is configured, the DCOM combines two carriers into one channel (the
2-in-1 function). The DCOM is required when the DTRUs are not sufficient. When the
DFCU is configured, configuring the DCOM is not required.
8.1.3 System Capacity

The capacity of the BTS3012 is as follows:
z The BTS3012 uses DTRU. One single cabinet supports up to 12 TRXs under full
configuration.
z One BTS3012 supports up to six cells.
z The BTS3012 supports the omnidirectional cell and the sectorized cell. The maximum
site configuration is 36 TRXs.
z The maximum number of carriers is eight in a cell with a pair of dual polarization
antennas or two omnidirectional antennas of a single sectorized cell.
z One site supports up to 36 TRXs.
8.2 Board Configuration

This section describes the configuration of the BTS3012 boards.
The boards are:
z DTRU
z DAFU
z DTMU
z DCCU
z DCSU
z DEMU
z DATU
z NFCB
z DMLC
z DELC
z DSAC
8.2.1 DTRU
One BTS3012 cabinet can be configured with up to six DTRUs.
The features of the DTRU are as follows:
z One DTRU has two TRXs.
z The output power of each TRX can be configured flexibly when the DTRU supports two
TRXs.

8.2.2 DAFU
For the components of the DAFU subrack, you can choose the items in either of the following
schemes:
z DDPU and DCOM
z DFCU
A DDPU and a DCOM form a group. The group and the DFCU can be placed in each other's
slots.
When the DAFU subrack is configured with DDPUs, a maximum of six DDPUs can be
configured. The DCOM is used only when the cell is configured with more than four carriers.
When the DAFU subrack is configured with DFCUs, a maximum of three DFCUs can be
configured.
The interfaces of the DDPUs, DCOMs, and DFCUs are on the front panel. The boards of the
DAFU subrack connect with other boards or units in the cabinet through cables.
8.2.3 DTMU
The DTMU is placed in slots 0 and 1 of the common subrack. The number of the DTMU
under full configuration is two and in minimum configuration is one.
The main features of the DTMU are as follows:
z Working in the active/standby mode
z Providing four or eight E1 connections
z Near-end MMI maintenance with 10 Mbit/s network port
z Supporting 8-route digital alarm input. Two routes are lightning arrester failure alarm
detection
z Supporting 4-route extended digital control signal output
8.2.4 DCCU
The DCCU is placed in slot 6 of the common subrack. The DCCU is mandatory. Only one
DCCU is required.
The DCCU has no active parts. It only performs signal transfer without board power
calculation.
8.2.5 DCSU
The DCSU is placed in slot 5 of the common subrack. It is mandatory and only one DSCU is
required.
The DCSU transfers signals for the combined cabinet.
8.2.6 DEMU
The DEMU is placed in slot 2 in the common subrack..
The DEMU is optional built-in module. The number of the DEMU under full configuration is
one.

8.2.7 DATU
The DATU is placed in the slots 2, 3, 4, and 7 of the common subrack. It can be placed in the
slots of the DEMU or other extended functional boards.
The DATU is optional built-in module. The number of the DATU under full configuration is
two.
8.2.8 NFCB
The NFCB is placed in the FAN subrack. It is mandatory. The number of the NFCB for full
configuration is one.
8.2.9 DMLC
The DMLC is placed in slot 0 to slot 2 of the cabinet top subrack. It can be placed in the
DELC slot. .
The DMLC is optional. The number of the DMLC under full configuration is one.
8.2.10 DELC
The DELC is placed in slot 0 to slot 2 of the cabinet top subrack. It can be placed in the
DMLC slot.
The DELC is mandatory. The number of the DMLC under full configuration is three and in
minimum configuration is one.
8.2.11 DSAC
The DSAC is placed in slot 3 of the cabinet top subrack. It cannot be placed in the slots of the
DMLC or the DELC.
The DSAC is mandatory. The number of the DMLC under full configuration is one.
8.3 Typical Configuration

The following takes the site configuration S4/4/4 (three directional cells, each cell having four
TRXs) and O6 (omnidirectional cell with six TRXs) as an example to show the configuration
method.
8.3.1 S4/4/4
Configuration of Antenna Parts
z Antenna
Each cell is configured with two sets of single polarization antennas. A total of six such
antennas are required for the three cells. Alternatively, cell is configured with one set of
dual polarization antenna, and three sets of such antennas are required for the three cells.
z RF cable set
The BTS S4/4/4 configuration cables are used.

Configuration of Cabinet
Only one cabinet is required for the S4/4/4 configuration. Part (A) in Figure 8-1 shows the
single cabinet when the BTS3012 is configured with the DDPUs. Part (B) in Figure 8-1 shows
the single cabinet when the BTS3012 is configured with the DFCUs.
Figure 8-1 Cabinet configuration in an S4/4/4 site
D D D D D D D D
M E E S Power and M E E S Power and
L L L A E MC L L L A E MC
C C C C C C C C
D D D D D D
D D D F F F
P P P C C C
U U U U U U
Wiring Wiring
D D D D D D D D D D D D
T T T T T T T T T T T T
R R R R R R R R R R R R
U U U U U U U U U U U U
Wiring Wiring
FAN FAN
Air Inlet Air Inlet

(A) (B)
At present, the DFCU supports only the EGSM 900 M band. The DFCU is used only when the

8.3.2 O6
Configuration of the Antenna Parts
z Antenna
Two sets of single polarization antennas are configured, both of which are
receiving/transmitting antennas. Alternatively, one set of dual polarization antenna is
configured.
z RF cable set
The BTS O6 configuration cables are used.

Configuration of Cabinet
Figure 8-2 shows the cabinet configuration of BTS.
Figure 8-2 O6 cabinet configuration
D D D D D D D D
M E E S Power and M E E S Power and
L L L A E MC L L L A E MC
C C C C C C C C
D D D D
C D F F
O P C C
M U U U
Wiring Wiring
D D D D D D
T T T T T T
R R R R R R
U U U U U U
Wiring Wiring
FAN FAN
Air Inlet Air Inlet

(A) (B)
At present, the DFCU supports only the EGSM 900 M band. The DFCU is used only when the

8.4 Networking Types

This section contains the following topics:
z Transmission Mode
z Networking Modes
z Principles of Networking
z Star Networking
z Chain Networking
z Tree Networking
z Ring Networking
8.4.1 Transmission Mode

The BTS3012 allows for flexible networking modes with multiple built-in transmission
functions. It supports transmission modes such as E1 and STM-1. It also supports satellite and
microwave transmission.
8.4.2 Networking Modes

The networking mode can be as follows:
z Star Networking
z Chain Networking
z Tree Networking
z Ring Networking
8.4.3 Principles of Networking

When the transmission traffic is within the allowed limit, E1 transmission is adopted.
Chain networking and tree networking are not preferred as the two networking modes affect
the usage of the transmission bandwidth of the upper-level BTSs, thus affecting the reliability
of the lower-level BTSs.
8.4.4 Star Networking

Application Scenario
The star networking is commonly used. In densely populated cities, this networking is quite
popular.

Figure 8-3 shows the star networking.
Figure 8-3 Star networking
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
Advantages
In the star networking, every SITE directly connects to the BSC with E1. This facilitates the
maintenance, construction, and capacity expansion of the network.
Because the signals are directly transmitted to the BSC, the reliability of the link is improved.
Disadvantages
Compared with other networking modes, star networking requires much more transmission
cables.
8.4.5 Chain Networking

The chain networking is suitable for the belt-shaped loosely populated areas, such as
highways and railways.
Figure 8-4 shows the chain networking.
Figure 8-4 Chain networking
BSC BTS BTS BTS
Advantages
The chain networking can reduce cost in transmission equipment, construction, and
transmission link lease.

Disadvantages
The chain networking has the following disadvantages:
z Because signals travel many nodes, the transmission reliability is low.
z Faults in the upper-level BTSs may affect the lower-level BTSs.
z The number of levels in a chain network cannot exceed five.
8.4.6 Tree Networking

Tree networking is suitable for the complicated networks and sites such as vast areas with
centralized hotspot and small areas with a lot of intersections.
Figure 8-5 shows the tree networking.
Figure 8-5 Tree networking
BTS
BTS BTS
BSC
BTS
Advantages
The number of transmission cables that the tree networking requires is less than that the star
networking requires.
Disadvantages
The tree networking has the following disadvantages:
z Because signals travel many nodes, the transmission reliability is low.
z It is difficult for maintenance and engineering.
z Faults in the upper-level BTSs may affect the lower-level BTSs.
z Capacity expansion is difficult.
z The number of levels in the tree cannot exceed five.

8.4.7 Ring Networking

The ring networking is commonly used. With good self-healing capability, ring networking
must be used as much as possible.
Figure 8-6 shows the ring networking.
Figure 8-6 Ring networking
BSC BTS BTS BTS
Advantages
The ring networking has strong self-healing capability. If a point of the link breaks, the ring
network can break into a chain network, and the service is not interrupted.
In practice, the above several networking modes are used together. Using the networking
mode reasonably can improve the service quality and save the investment on the transmission
equipment.

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HUAWEI BTS3012 Base Station

Technical Manual - Architecture and Principle Contents

Issue 05 (2007-06-01) Huawei Technologies Proprietary i

2.5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................2-8

ii Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 05 (2007-06-01)

3.4.3 Functions and Principles.........................................................................................................................3-6

6 O&M Subsystem ........................................................................................................................6-1

7 System Signal Flow ...................................................................................................................7-1

8 Configuration and Networking...............................................................................................8-1

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8.1 Configuration of the BTS3012.........................................................................................................................8-2

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Figure 1-1 Composition of the BTS3012 system .................................................................................................1-2

Figure 2-12 DATU structure................................................................................................................................2-12

Figure 2-15 DELC structure................................................................................................................................2-14

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Figure 3-2 DTRU working environment...............................................................................................................3-3

Figure 4-1 DAFU subsystem in full configuration ...............................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-4 Functional structure of the DDPU.......................................................................................................4-5

Figure 7-2 UL signal flow .....................................................................................................................................7-3

Figure 7-5 Combined cabinet signal flow.............................................................................................................7-5

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About This Chapter

The following table lists the contents of this chapter.

1.1 Hardware Architecture Describes the architecture of the BTS3012 hardware.

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1.1 Hardware Architecture

Figure 1-1 Composition of the BTS3012 system

The BTS3012 system consists of the following parts:

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Figure 1-2 BTS3012 cabinet in full configuration

Wiring & Air Inlet Wiring & Air Inlet

DSAC: Signal Access Card for DTRU BTS

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Cabinet Top Subrack

1.1.3 Antenna Subsystem

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1.1.4 O&M Subsystem

1.2 Software Architecture

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z Signaling processing software

Figure 1-3 Software architecture

Signaling Baseband signal

O&M and transmission

1.2.2 Signaling Processing Software

1.2.3 Baseband Signal Processing Software

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1.2.4 O&M and Transmission Device Control Software

1.3 Logical Architecture

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Figure 1-4 shows the logical architecture of the BTS3012.

Figure 1-4 Logical architecture of the BTS3012

& TMA feed

DTMU TMA TMA

Common DTRU DAFU Antenna

1.3.2 Common Subsystem

BTS Common Subsystem

Cabinet Top Access Subsystem

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z Providing signal lightning protection