Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Department of Civil Engineering

KKKH3353
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
(Design of Beams - Examples )

Dr. Ahmed Wadood Al Zand

 Example 1
The simply supported beam shown in Figure is fully laterally restrained along its
length and has bearing lengths of 50 mm at the unstiffened supports and 75 mm
under the point load. Design the beam in S275 steel for the loading shown below.
P

UDL

concentrated load Uniform distrusted load

P (kN) W (kN/m)

Permanent Load (G, dead load) 40 15

Variable Load (Q, live load) 50 30
 Example 1
Assume using rolled I-section (UB 533x210x92) with classification “Class 2” for the steel
beam grade S275, and the section properties are:

Yield strength, fy= 275 N/mm2 (MPa)

𝛾M0 = 1.00  = 1.0
Young’s modulus, E= 210000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M1 = 1.00
Shear modulus, G=81000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M2 = 1.25

Cross-section properties of the selected I-section (for UB 533x210x92), from Tables (from Standard
steel section file)
Cross-section area, A=117 cm2 = 11700 mm2
Depth, h= 533.1 mm
Width, b=209.3 mm
Web thickness, tw=10.1 mm
Flange thickness, tf=15.6 mm
Root radius, r =12.7 mm
Second moment of area, I=55200 cm4 = 55200x104 mm3 (about major axis)
Plastic section modulus, Wpl=2360 cm3 = 2360x103 mm3 (about major axis)
Elastic section modulus, Wel=2072 cm3 = 2072x103 mm3 (about major axis)
 Example 1

Determine the following using the EN 1993:

A. Calculate the combined design loading values at uniform limit state (ULS) and
serviceability limit state (SLS).
B. Calculate the maximum design bending moment (M Ed) and design shear forces (VEd)
C. Check the selected steel beam for:
1. Resistance to bending and shear at ULS.
2. Resistance to shear buckling at ULS.
3. Resistance to flange induced buckling at ULS.
4. Web bearing resistance to transverse forces at ULS.
5. Deflection at SLS.
6. Resistance to lateral torsional buckling (LTB) at ULS.

Neglected in this example, because it says Presented in this example, but

The beam is fully laterally restrained NOT required in the assignment
and/or exam
 Example 1

Solution
A. Calculate the combined design loading values of at ULS and SLS.

PG =40 kN
 Total loads at ULS
PQ =50 kN
concentrated load, Pu
Pu=1.35PG+1.5PQ =1.35x40+1.5x50 = 129 kN WG =15 kN/m
uniform distributed load, Wu WQ =30 kN/m
Wu=1.35WG+1.5WQ = 1.35x15+1.5x30 = 65.25 kN/m

 Total loads at SLS

concentrated load, PS
Ps =PG+PQ =40+50 = 90 kN
uniform distributed load, Ws
Ws=WG+WQ = 15+30 = 45 kN/m
 Example 1
B. Calculate the maximum design bending moment (MEd) and design shear forces (VEd).

Loading case1
 Maximum bending moment, MEd at ULS
MEd=MEd-1+MEd-2
MEd=(Wu.L2/8)+(Pu.L/4)
VEd-1
MEd=(65.25x6.52/8)+(129x6.5/4)= 554.2 kN.m
MEd-1

 Maximum shear force, VEd at ULS +

VEd=VEd-1+VEd-2 Loading case2
VEd=(Wu.L/2)+(Pu/2)
VEd=(65.25x6.5/2)+(129/2)= 276.5 kN

VEd-2
MEd-2
 Example 1
C.1 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to bending and shear at ULS.

 design resistance for bending, Mc,Rd

Mc,Rd=(Wpl.fy/𝛾M0)
Mc,Rd =(2360x103 x 275/1.0)= 649x106 N.mm = 946 kN.m

MEd (554.2 kN.m) < Mc,Rd =(649 kN.m), Then OK

 Example 1
 design resistance for shear, Vc,Rd

The shear area, Av :

hw=h-2.tf=533.1 - 2x15.6=501.9 mm
Av=A-2.b.tf+(tw+2.r)tf ≥  .h w.t w
Av= 11700 - 2x209.3x15.6 +(10.1+2x12.7)x15.6 = 5723.64 mm2
Is Av ≥  .h w.t w (1.0x501.9x10.1 =5069.2 mm 2 ) Yes, Then OK use Av= 5723.64 mm2

The design resistance for shear, Vc,Rd :

Vc,Rd = (5723.64x275x10-3)/(1.0x√3) =908.8 kN
VEd (276.5 kN) < Vc,Rd (908.8 kN) Then OK

 design resistance for combined bending and shear

VEd (276.5 kN) < 0.5Vc,Rd (0.5x908.8=454.4 kN) Then NO need to consider combined bending and shear
 Example 1
C.2 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to shear buckling at ULS.

Shear buckling is required only if where,

ɛ =(235/275)0.5= 0.92

then the resistance to shear buckling NO need to be verified

 Example 1
C.3 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to flange induced buckling at ULS.

This condition should satisfy

Aw = hw.tw = 501.9x10.1 = 5069.1 mm2

Afc=b.tf = 209.3x15.6 =3265 mm2

kE/fyf (Aw/Afc)0.5 = 0.4x210000/275 x (5069.1/3265)0.5= 380.6

49 < 380.6 Then OK

 Example 1
C.4 Check the selected steel beam for Web bearing resistance to transverse forces at ULS.

Fined then check

Then Ok
 Example 1

As there are no stiffeners , then fined ly from the lowest value

Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1
Example 1

VEd  FRd
 Example 1
C.5 Check the selected steel beam for Deflection at SLS.
Check deflection using variable load (live load) only

5WQL4 PQL3

PQ=50 kN

The deflection limit is

+
8.5 mm < 18.1 mm Then OK WQ=30 kN/m

The selected beams satisfied the deflection

 Example 2
The beam shown in Figure has moment resisting connections at its ends (Fixed ends) and
carries two concentrated loads. These concentrated loads do not provide restraint against
lateral-torsional buckling. Design the beam in S275 steel.
P1 P2

UDL

concentrated load Uniform distrusted load

W (kN/m)
P1 (kN) P2 (kN)
Permanent Load (G, dead load) 37 18.5 2.75
Variable Load (Q, live load) 60 30 0
 Example 2
Assume using rolled I-section (UB 457x191x67) classified as “Class 1” for the steel beam
grade S275, and the section properties are:

Yield strength, fy= 275 N/mm2 (MPa)

𝛾M0 = 1.00  = 1.0
Young’s modulus, E= 210000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M1 = 1.00
Shear modulus, G=81000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M2 = 1.25

Cross-section properties from Tables (from Standard steel section file)

Cross-section area,
Depth,
Width,
Web thickness,
Flange thickness,
Root radius,
Second moment of area,
Plastic section modulus,
Elastic section modulus,
Warping constant,
Torsion constant,
A=85.5 cm2 = 8550 mm2
h= 453.4 mm
b=189.9 mm
tw=8.5 mm
tf=12.7 mm
r =10.2 mm
Iy=29380 cm4 = 29380x104 mm3 (about major axis)
Wpl=1471 cm3 = 1471x103 mm3 (about major axis)
Wel=1296 cm3 = 1296x103 mm3 (about major axis)
Iw = 0.705 dm 6 = 0.705x1012 mm6
I = 37.1 cm 4 = 37.1x104 mm3
 Example 2

Determine the following using the EN 1993:

A. Calculate the combined design loading values at uniform limit state (ULS) and
serviceability limit state (SLS).
B. Calculate the maximum design bending moment (M Ed) and design shear forces (VEd)
C. Check the selected steel beam for:
1. Resistance to bending and shear at ULS.
2. Resistance to shear buckling at ULS.
3. Resistance to flange induced buckling at ULS.
4. Web bearing resistance to transverse forces at ULS. Not required in this example
5. Deflection at SLS. Not required in this example
6. Resistance to lateral torsional buckling (LTB) at ULS.

Presented in this example, but

NOT required in the assignment
and/or exam
 Example 2

Solution
A. Calculate the combined design loading values of at ULS and SLS.

P1G =37 kN
 Total loads at ULS
P1Q =60 kN
concentrated load, Pu
P1u=1.35P1G+1.5P1Q =1.35x37+1.5x60 = 140 kN
P2G =18.5 kN
P2u=1.35P2G+1.5P2Q =1.35x18.5+1.5x30 = 70 kN
P2Q =30 kN
uniform distributed load, Wu
Wu=1.35WG+1.5WQ = 1.35x2.75+1.5x0 = 3.7 kN/m WG =2.75 kN/m
WQ =0 kN/m
 Total loads at SLS
concentrated load, PS
P1s =P1G+P1Q =37+60 = 97 kN
P1s =P1G+P1Q =18.5+30 = 48.5 kN
uniform distributed load, Ws
Ws=WG+WQ = 2.75+0 = 2.75 kN/m
 Example 2
B. Calculate the maximum design bending moment (MEd) and design shear forces (VEd).

Determine , MEd and VEd at ULS

VEd= 137 kN

MEd= 260 kN.m

VEd

MEd
 Example 2
C.1 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to bending and shear at ULS.

 design resistance for bending, Mc,Rd

Mc,Rd=(Wel.fy/𝛾M0)
Mc,Rd =(1471x103 x 275/1.0)= 404.5x106 N.mm=404.5 kN.m

MEd (260 kN.m) < Mc,Rd =(404.5 kN.m), Then OK

 Example 2
 design resistance for shear, Vc,Rd

The shear area, Av :

hw=h-2.tf=453.4 - 2x12.7=428 mm
Av=A-2.b.tf+(tw+2.r)tf ≥  .h w.t w
Av= 8550 - 2x189.9x12.7 +(8.5+2x10.2)x12.7 = 4093.6mm2
Is Av ≥  .h w.t w (1.0x428x8.5 = 3638 mm 2 ) Yes Then use Av= 4093.6 mm 2

The design resistance for shear, Vc,Rd :

Vc,Rd = (4093.6 x275x10-3)/(1.0x√3) =650 kN
VEd (137 kN) < Vc,Rd (650 kN) Then OK

 design resistance for combined bending and shear

VEd (137 kN) < 0.5Vc,Rd (0.5x650=325 kN) Then NO need to consider combined bending and shear
 Example 2
C.2 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to shear buckling at ULS.

Shear buckling is required only if where,

428
50.3
8.5
ɛ =(235/275)0.5= 0.92

50.3 < 66.2

then the resistance to shear buckling NO need to be verified

 Example 2
C.3 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to flange induced buckling at ULS.

This condition should satisfy

Aw = hw.tw = 428x8.5 = 3638 mm2

Afc=b.tf = 189.9x12.7 =2411.7 mm2

kE/fyf (Aw/Afc)0.5 = 0.3x210000/275 x (3638/2411.7)0.5= 281.4

428
50.3
8.5

50.3 < 281.4 Then OK

 Example 2
C.6 Check the selected steel beam for Resistance to lateral torsional buckling (LTB) at ULS.

Resistance to LTB is NOT required if:

Fined, = 260/223 = 1.166

From moment diagram

C1= 1.88-1.4(1.166)+0.52(1.166)2 = 0.955 < 2.7

Fined,

Mcr= 0.955x(π2x210x103x 29380x104/ 90002)

x[0.705x1012 /29380x104 + 90002x81000x 37.1x104/(π2x210x103x 29380x104)]0.5
Mcr=574.2x106 N.mm = 574.2 kN.m
 Example 2

1471x103x275 = 0.83
574.2x106

Check
For rolled sections
0.83 < 0.4 NO
OR

260/574.2= 0.45 < (0.4)2 Yes For welded sections

Thus, Resistance to LTB is required

Example 2
Example 2
Example 2
Example 2
Example 2
 Example 3
(home work)
The simply supported beam shown in Figure is fully laterally restrained along its
length and has bearing lengths of 50 mm at the unstiffened supports and 75 mm
under the point load. Design the beam in S275 steel for the loading shown below.

concentrated load Uniform distrusted load

W (kN/m)
P1 (kN) P2 (kN)
Permanent Load (G, dead load) 40 40 20
Variable Load (Q, live load) 80 80 30
 Example 3
(home work)
Assume using rolled I-section (UB 762x267x147) with classification “Class 3” for the steel
beam grade S275, and the section properties are:

Yield strength, fy= 275 N/mm2 (MPa)

𝛾M0 = 1.00  = 1.0
Young’s modulus, E= 210000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M1 = 1.00
Shear modulus, G=81000 N/mm2 (MPa) 𝛾M2 = 1.25

Cross-section properties of the selected I-section from Tables (use Standard Steel Section 1 file)
 Example 3
(home work)

Determine the following using the EN 1993:

A. Calculate the combined design loading values at uniform limit state (ULS) and
serviceability limit state (SLS).
B. Calculate the maximum design bending moment (M Ed) and design shear forces (VEd)
C. Check the selected steel beam for:
1. Resistance to bending and shear at ULS.
2. Resistance to shear buckling at ULS.
3. Resistance to flange induced buckling at ULS.
4. Deflection at SLS.